2022-2023学年北京市东城区第二中学高二上学期第二学段英语试卷（解析版）

这是一份2022-2023学年北京市东城区第二中学高二上学期第二学段英语试卷（解析版），共22页。试卷主要包含了5分，共15分)， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。

北京二中2022-2023学年度第二学段高二年级学段考试试卷
英语选择性必修Ⅰ
第一卷(共两部分，53分)
第一部分：知识运用(共一节，15分)
完形填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Two-year-old Nancy is deaf. However, that hasn’t stopped her from being a(n) ___1___ little girl trying to “chat” to anyone she meets. As soon as she goes out into town with her parents, she starts ___2___ in the hope that the person she is talking to knows sign language too.
Normally, hearing loss is a social ___3___ for those who don’t know how to use sign language. Anyone Nancy tried to talk to ___4___ this and felt so sorry they couldn’t respond. They wished they could ___5___ her and say something back, but they found themselves completely at a loss.
Then, something amazing happened. Instead of causing a(n) ___6___, this barrier brought the community together. Determined to learn sign language so that they could talk to Nancy, her neighbors hired an instructor on their own, and now they are ___7___ to taking classes together. The teacher admits that this is really remarkable because, quite often, even the parents of deaf children don’t want to learn the language. But here Nancy has a full community that is signing and communicating with her, and it is a(n) ___8___ story.
The teacher also says that this level of inclusion will make a huge difference in Nancy’s life. It almost certainly ensures that she will be a happier and more ___9___ individual in the future. Nancy’s parents are already noticing a ____10____ in their daughter and they have no words to express how grateful they are to their neighbors.
With a little girl and a lot of love, the neighbors truly make the neighborhood a community.
1. A. independent B. persistent C. outgoing D. generous
2. A. signing B. cheering C. waving D. smiling
3. A. absence B. barrier C. stress D. interaction
4. A. discussed B. ignored C. realized D. predicted
5. A. inspire B. protect C. trust D. understand
6. A. conflict B. separation C. complaint D. incident
7. A. devoted B. opposed C. used D. addicted
8. A. amusing B. fascinating C. rewarding D. moving
9. A. well-adjusted B. healthy C. normal D. grateful
10. A. potential B. belief C. strength D. difference
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. D 6. B 7. A 8. D 9. A 10. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了南希从小失聪，但是这并没有阻止她成为一个想要与人沟通的外向的孩子。她尝试用手语和周围的人交流，但是大家都听不懂。于是社区里的邻居们请了一位老师来教他们手语，手语老师也赞同这是一个很了不起的举动。因为有爱，这些邻居们真正地将这个社区变成了一个大家庭。
【1题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，这并没有阻止她成为一个外向的小女孩，试图与任何她遇到的人“聊天”。A. independent独立的；B. persistent坚持不懈的；C. outgoing外向的；D. generous慷慨的。根据下文“little girl trying to ‘chat’ to anyone she meets”可知，失聪并没有阻止南希成为一个想要与人沟通的外向的小女孩。故选C项。
【2题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：只要她和父母一起进城，她就会开始用手语，希望和她交谈的人也懂手语。A. signing打手势；B. cheering欢呼；C. waving挥手；D. smiling微笑。根据下文中的“sign language”可知，她开始用手语与人交流。sign在此处作动词，意为“打手势”。故选A项。
【3题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：通常，对于那些不知道如何使用手语的人来说，听力损失是一种社交障碍。A. absence缺席；B. barrier障碍；C. stress压力；D. interaction互动。barrier意为“障碍”，符合语境，且与第三段第二句中的barrier呼应。故选B项。
【4题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：南希试图与之交谈的每一个人都意识到了这一点，都很抱歉他们没有回应。A. discussed讨论；B. ignored忽视；C. realized意识到；D. predicted预测。根据下文“felt so sorry”可知，任何一个南希试图与之交谈的人都意识到了这一点。realise意为“认识到”。故选C项。
【5题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们希望自己能理解她的意思，并对她说些什么，但他们发现自己完全不知所措。A. inspire启发；B. protect保护；C. trust信任；D. understand理解。根据下文“say something back”可知，他们希望他们能够明白南希手语的意思，故选D项。
【6题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个障碍非但没有造成隔阂，反而把社区团结在了一起。A. conflict冲突；B. separation分离；C. complaint抱怨；D. incident事件。根据语境可知，此处表示这道屏障并没有造成隔离，反而把社区团结在了一起。设空处与下文的“brought the community together”形成对比。故选B项。
【7题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：南希的邻居们决定学习手语，这样他们就可以和南希交谈，他们自己雇了一个老师，现在他们一起专心上课。A. devoted专心的；B. opposed反对的；C. used 习惯的；D. addicted上瘾的。根据“hired an instructor on their own”及“taking classes together”可知，南希的邻居们专心上课学手语。故选A项。
【8题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但在这里，南希有一个完整的社区，与她交流，这是一个感人的故事。A. amusing有趣的；B. fascinating迷人的；C. rewarding有意义的；D. moving感人的。根据上文“and now they are devoted to taking classes together”可知，南希社区里的居民为了和她交流而学习手语，这是一个感人的故事。故选D项。
【9题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这几乎可以肯定，她将来会成为一个更快乐、更能适应环境的人。A. well-­adjusted很好适应的；B. healthy 健康的；C. normal 正常的；D. grateful感激的。根据“It almost certainly guarantees that she will be a happier”以及上文的描述可知，此处表示邻居们的暖心之举一定会让她将来成为一个更快乐、更能适应环境的人。故选A项。
【10题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：南希的父母已经注意到女儿的变化，他们无法用语言表达对邻居们的感激之情。A. potential潜力；B. belief信念；C. strength力气；D. difference差异。根据下文“they have no words to express how grateful they are to their neighbors. ”可知，此处表示南希的父母已经注意到他们女儿的变化(不同之处)了。故选D项。
第二部分：阅读理解(共两节 38分)
第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
A
Alexis, 17, sat quietly in the passenger seat of her dad’s car. She let her eyes lazily scan the landscape for wildlife. Then a deer came into view about 200 yards in front of them. “Dad, there’s a deer there!” Alexis said. It was a male deer with sharp antlers (角) on each side of its head.
As the car moved closer, Alexis saw that the deer’s head was bent toward the ground. Then she heard a scream and saw an arm fly up near the deer’s head. Alexis realized the deer was attacking a woman. Sue, a 44-year-old mother, had been out for her morning run. The deer followed her and edged closer. “I knew I was in trouble,” Sue says. She went to pick up a stick for self-defense, and the deer charged. It lifted her with its antlers and threw her into the air. Sue could feel blood flew down her leg. Within seconds, the deer had pushed her off the road.
When Alexis and her father pulled up, the deer was throwing Sue like a doll. Alexis looked into the woman’s terrified eyes, and before her father had even stopped the car, the teenager jumped quickly out of the car and ran toward the deer. “I was kicking it to get its attention,” she says. Then her father, who had followed his daughter, pushed the deer away from the women.
Alexis helped Sue into the car, and then applied a piece of cloth to Sue’s injured leg. “We’re going to get you to a hospital,” Alexis said. Then she heard her father shout loudly. He had been knocked to the ground. Alexis took hold of a hammer from the car and ran to where her father lay on his back. She beat the deer’s head and neck, but the blows didn’t scare it away. “I was losing faith,” she says. “A couple more strikes, Alexis,” said her father. “You can do it.” Turning the hammer around, Alexis closed her eyes and beat the deer’s neck with all her strength. When she opened her eyes, the deer was running away. Alexis got in the driver’s seat and sped toward the nearest hospital.
After Sue was treated, she tearfully thanked her rescuers. “You expect a teenage girl to get on the phone and call for help,” she says, “not to beat up a deer.”
11. What did Alexis do to save Sue?
A. She pushed the deer away. B. She hit the deer with her feet.
C. She drove the car to hit the deer. D. She beat the deer with a hammer.
12. Which of the following words can best describe Alexis?
A. Strong. B. Cruel. C. Energetic. D. Brave.
13. What is the best title for the passage?
A. A Woman Was Seriously Injured
B. A Dangerous Deer Attacked a Woman
C. A Girl Rescued Her Father Successfully
D. A Teenager Saved Others from a Deer Attack
【答案】11. B 12. D 13. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了Alexis 和父亲一起在野外开车时，遇到素不相识的Sue 被公鹿攻击，危机时刻，父女二人合力救出了Sue，并把她送到医院。他们的及时出现和救援挽救了Sue的生命。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段内容“Alexis looked into the woman’s terrified eyes, and before her father had even stopped the car, the teenager jumped quickly out of the car and ran toward the deer. ‘I was kicking it to get its attention,’ she says.(Alexis看着那个女人惊恐的眼睛，在她父亲停下车之前，这个少年迅速跳下车，向那只公鹿跑去。“我踢它是为了引起它的注意，”她说。)”可知，Alexis跳下车，跑向攻击的公鹿，用脚踢它，吸引它的注意，帮助Sue逃离“鹿口”。故选B项。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段内容“Alexis looked into the woman’s terrified eyes, and before her father had even stopped the car, the teenager jumped quickly out of the car and ran toward the deer.”可知，Alexis迅速跳下车，跑向正在攻击的公鹿，甚至用脚踢它以帮助Sue，以及文章第四段内容“Turning the hammer around, Alexis closed her eyes and beat the deer’s neck with all her strength. When she opened her eyes, the deer was running away. Alexis got in the driver’s seat and sped toward the nearest hospital.( Alexis把锤子转过来，闭上眼睛，用尽全身力气击打着鹿的脖子。当她睁开眼睛时，公鹿已经跑开了。Alexis坐到驾驶座上，迅速向最近的医院驶去。)”可知，Alexis用尽力气用锤子赶走了公鹿，并将车开往医院。通过这些动作和行为，都可推知，她是勇敢的。故选D项。
【13题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章的核心句“She went to pick up a stick for self-defense, and the deer charged. It lifted her with its antlers and threw her into the air.(她拿起一根棍子自卫，公鹿向她冲了过来。它用鹿角把她托起，把她抛向空中。)”，“Alexis helped Sue into the car, and then applied a piece of cloth to Sue’s injured leg.(Alexis扶Sue上了车，然后把一块布敷在Sue受伤的腿上。)”，“When she opened her eyes, the deer was running away. Alexis got in the driver’s seat and sped toward the nearest hospital.(当她睁开眼睛时，公鹿已经跑开了。Alexis坐到驾驶座上，迅速向最近的医院驶去。)”和“After Sue was treated, she tearfully thanked her rescuers.(Sue接受治疗后，含泪感谢了救援人员。)”可知，文章主要讲述了Alexis 和父亲一起在野外开车时，遇到素不相识的Sue 被公鹿攻击，父女二人合力救出了Sue，并把她送到医院，因此最佳标题是D项“A Teenager Saved Others from a Deer Attack(一个少年从公鹿攻击中救了别人)”。故选D项。
B
More People Are Leaving the Rat Race for the Simple Life
Time is more precious than money for an increasing number of people who are choosing to live more with less—and liking it.
Kay and Charles Giddens, two lawyers, sold their home to start a B&B hotel. Four years later, the couple dishes out banana pancake breakfast, cleans toilets and serves homemade chocolate chip cookies to guests in a B&B hotel surrounded by trees on a hill known for colorful sunsets.
“Do I miss the freeways? Do I miss the traffic? Do I miss the stress? No,” says Ms. Giddens, “This is a phenomenon that’s fairly widespread. A lot of people are reevaluating their lives and figuring out what they want to do. If their base is being damaged, what’s the payoff?”
Simple living ranges from cutting down on weeknight activities to sharing housing, living closer to work, avoiding shopping malls, borrowing books from the library instead of buying them, and taking a cut in pay to work at a more pleasurable job.
Vicki Robin, a writer, lives on a budget equal to a fifth of what she used to make. “You become conscious about where your money is going and how valuable it is,” Ms. Robin says, “You tend not to use things up. You cook at home rather than eat out…”
Janet Luhrs, a lawyer, quit her job after giving birth and leaving her daughter with a nanny for two weeks. “It was not the way I wanted to raise my kids,” she says, “Simplicity is not just about saving money; it’s about me sitting down every night with my kids to a candlelit dinner with classical music.”
Mrs. Luhrs now edits a magazine, Simple Living, which publishes tips on how to buy recycled furniture and shoes, organize potluck dinners instead of expensive receptions, and generally how to consume less.
“It’s not about poverty,” Mrs. Luhrs explains, “It’s about conscious living and creating the life you want. The less stuff you buy, the less money goes out of the door, and the less money you have to earn.”
14. Simple living includes ________.
A. building a home library B. living in the countryside
C. enjoying a colorful night life D. sharing housing with others
15. It can be learned from the passage that now Janet Luhrs ________.
A. has an interest in classical music B. spends more time with her kids
C. works as a reporter of a magazine D. helps people buy recycled clothes
16. How does the author develop the passage?
A. By using figures. B. By asking questions.
C. By giving examples. D. By making comparisons.
【答案】14. D 15. B 16. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种社会现象，人们现在更趋向于过一种压力小、接近自然和随心的工作和生活。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Simple living ranges from cutting down on weeknight activities to sharing housing(简单的生活方式包括减少工作日晚上的活动和合租住房)”可知，简单的生活包括与他人合租房屋。故选D项。
【15题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第六段“Simplicity is not just about saving money; it’s about me sitting down every night with my kids to a candlelit dinner with classical music.(简单不仅仅是为了省钱,而是每天晚上我和孩子们坐在一起,听着古典音乐，共进烛光晚餐。)”可知，从文章中可以得知，现在珍妮特·卢尔斯花更多时间陪孩子。故选B项。
【16题详解】
推理判断题。分析全文内容可知，文章用了几个人物的例子，如Kay和Charles Giddens夫妇，作家Vicki Robin，律师Janet Luhrs等来讲述Simple Living的概念，所以本文是通过举例子来展开文章的。故选C项。
C
It's rare that you see the words "shyness" and "leader" in the same sentence. After all, the common viewpoint is that those outgoing and sociable guys make great public speakers and excellent net-workers and that those shy people are not. A survey conducted by USA Today referred to 65 percent of executives who believed shyness to be a barrier to leadership. Interestingly, the same article stresses that roughly 40 percent of leaders actually are quite shy—they're just better at adapting themselves to situational demands. Bill Gates, Warren Buffet and Charles Schwab are just a few "innies".
Unlike their outgoing counterparts who are more sensitive to rewards and risk-taking, shy people take a cautious approach to chance. Rather than the flashy chit-chat that defines social gathering, shy people listen attentively to what others say and absorb it before they speak. They're not thinking about what to say while the other person is still talking, but rather listening so they can learn what to say. Along the same lines, shy people share a common love of learning. They are intrinsically（内在地） motivated and therefore seek content regardless of achieving an outside standard.
Being shy can also bring other benefits. Remember being in school and hearing the same kids contribute, until shy little Johnny, who almost never said a word, cut in? Then what happened? Everyone turned around to look with great respect at little Johnny actually talking. This is how shy people made good use of their power of presence: they "own" the moment by speaking calmly and purposefully, which translate to a positive image.
Shyness is often related to modesty. Not to say that limelight-seekers aren't modest, but shy people tend to have an accurate sense of their abilities and achievements. As a result, they are able to acknowledge mistakes, imperfections, knowledge gaps and limitations.
Since shy people have a lower sensitivity to outside rewards than outgoing ones, they're more comfortable working with little information and sticking to their inner desires. Shy people are also more likely to insist on finding solutions that aren't primarily apparent. Don't believe me? Maybe you'll believe Albert Einstein, who once said, "It's not that I'm so smart, it's that I stay with problems longer." Obviously, finding certainty where uncertainty is typically popular is a huge plus for any successful person.
The myth that shy people are less effective leaders than their outgoing fellows is just a misunderstanding. Make wise use of your personality strengths to lead your business no matter what side of the range you fall on.
17. We can learn from Paragraph 2 that ___________.
A. shy people are sensitive to rewards
B. shy people care more about content
C. outgoing people are more careful about chances
D. outgoing people consider what to learn while listening
18. The example of Johnny shows ____________.
A. shy people are likely to be modest
B. hardworking students speak little in public
C. some students keep silent on purpose at school
D. shy people may have an advantage in discussion
19. We can learn from the underlined sentence in Paragraph 5 that ____________.
A. success results from devotion B. shyness contributes to popularity
C. outside reward leads to insistence D. uncertainty counts more than certainty
20. The author supports his ideas mainly by ____________.
A. giving definitions and presenting research results
B. explaining problems and providing solutions
C. quoting authorities and making evaluations
D. making contrasts and giving examples
【答案】17. B 18. D 19. A 20. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要分析了生性害羞的人与外向的人相比有着一定的优势。
【17题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Rather than the flashy chit-chat that defines social gathering, shy people listen attentively to what others say and absorb it before they speak. They're not thinking about what to say while the other person is still talking, but rather listening so they can learn what to say.（害羞的人不像社交聚会那样浮华地闲聊，而是认真倾听别人说什么，并在他们开口之前就消化了。 当对方还在说话的时候，他们不会考虑说什么，而是倾听，这样他们就能学会说什么。） ”可知害羞的人很认真地听其他人所说的内容并消化吸收。他们认真地听是因为他们可以从别人所说的话中学到很多。这些都说明害羞的人实际上非常在意别人说话的内容。故选B项。
【18题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“This is how shy people made good use of their power of presence：they "own" the moment by speaking calmly and purposefully, which translate to a positive image. （这就是害羞的人如何很好地利用他们的风度的力量：他们冷静而有目的性地说话，“拥有”这一刻，这转化为积极的形象。）”可知很害羞不愿意表达自己观点的Johnny一直都没有说话，但他突然插话，所有人都转身听他陈述观点，他镇定地陈述了自己的思想。这个例子说明因为害羞的人平时很少说话，但是一旦发表观点了，别人就很在意。在讨论中往往会有一点优势，故选D项。
【19题详解】
推理判断题。根据前句“Shy people are also more likely to insist on finding solutions that aren't primarily apparent. （害羞的人更可能坚持找到并不是很明显的问题的解决方法。）”这说明害羞的人很专注于自己的问题。故选A项。
【20题详解】
推理判断题。作者在文章中主要通过把害羞的人和外向的人进行比较，也通过举例说明的方法说明害羞的人在各方面都有一些优势。故选D项。
D
Love the way you walk
Listen carefully to the footsteps in the family home, and you can probably work out who is walking about. The features most commonly used to identify people are faces, voices and fingerprints. But the way they walk is also a giveaway.
Researchers have used video cameras and computers to analyze people’s gaits, and are now quite good at it. But translating such knowledge into a practical identification system can be tricky. Cameras are often visible, are difficult to set up, require good lighting and may have their view blocked by other people. A team led by Dr. Ozanyan and Dr. Scully have been looking for a better way to recognize gait. Their answer: pressure-sensitive mats.
Such mats are nothing new. They have been part of security systems. But Ozanyan and Scully use a complicated version that can record the amount of pressure applied in different places as someone walks across it. These measurements form a pattern unique to the walker. The researchers turned to an artificial-intelligence system to recognize such patterns, and it seemed to work. In a study in 2018, they tested the system on a database of footsteps of 127 people. They found its error rate in identifying who was who was a mere 0.7%. And Scully says even without a database of footsteps to work with, the system can determine someone’s sex and, with reasonable accuracy, a subject’s age.
One application of the mat-based gait-recognition system might be in health care, particularly for the elderly. A mat placed in a nursing home or an old person’s own residence could monitor changes in an individual’s gait that indicates certain illnesses. That would provide early warning of someone being at greater risk of falling over.
Gait analysis might also be used as a security measure in the workplace, monitoring access to restricted areas, such as parts of military bases, server farms or laboratories dealing with dangerous materials.
Perhaps the most interesting use of the mats, though, would be in public places, such as airports. For that to work, the footsteps of those to be recognized would need to have been stored in a database, which would be harder to arrange than the collection of photographs and fingerprints that existing airport security systems rely on. Many aircrew or preregistered frequent flyers would welcome anything that speeded up one of the most tiresome parts of modern travel.
21. What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 2?
A. Research equipment. B. Research findings.
C. Research assumption. D. Research background.
22. According to Paragraph 3, the mat is used to _______.
A. collect data B. ensure safety
C. determine age D. analyse pressure
23. The gait-recognition system might be applied to _____.
A. monitor security work progress B. detect potential health problems
C. keep track of travelling frequency D. warn passengers of possible dangers
24. The main purpose of the passage is to _____.
A. compare and educate B. examine and assess
C. discuss and persuade D. explain and inform
【答案】21. D 22. A 23. B 24. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要向我们介绍了通过步态来识别人的身份的一项新的科学研究：压敏垫。可用它来识别身份和监控健康。
【21题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段Researchers have used video cameras and computers to analyze people’s gaits, and are now quite good at it. But translating such knowledge into a practical identification system can be tricky.研究人员已经使用摄像机和电脑来分析人们的步态，现在已经很擅长于此。但是将这些知识转化成一个实际的识别系统是很困难的。可知，本段主要讲述了研究背景。故选D项。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段But Ozanyan and Scully use a complicated version that can record the amount of pressure applied in different places as someone walks across it.但是Ozanyan和Scully使用了一个复杂的版本，可以在有人走过时记录步伐在不同位置产生的压力值。可知，这个垫子是用来收集数据的。故选A项。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段A mat placed in a nursing home or an old person’s own residence could monitor changes in an individual’s gait that indicates certain illnesses. That would provide early warning of someone being at greater risk of falling over.将光纤垫安装在养老院或老人自己家中，可以监测一个人步态的变化，预测某些疾病。这将提供早期预警，例如提醒某人较有可能摔倒。可知，步态识别系统可用于检测潜在的健康问题。故选B项。
【24题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中A team led by Dr. Ozanyan and Dr. Scully have been looking for a better way to recognize gait. Their answer: pressure-sensitive mats. 由Ozanyan博士和Scully博士领导的研究小组一直在寻找识别步态的更好方法。他们的答案是：压敏垫。并通读全文可知，本文主要向我们介绍了通过步态来识别人的身份的一项新的科学研究：压敏垫。所以可推测本文的主要目的是解释并告知。故选D项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
A cultural view on personal space
It’s a well-known fact that the British prefer a large “bubble” of personal space around them. ____25____ And in South America, a friend may grab you by the arm during conversation to make their point.
Now, a study published in the Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology has looked into why different cultures have such different approaches to personal space. ____26____ They developed an earlier study that divided individuals into “contact” and “non-contact” cultures. Contact cultures—southern European, Latin American and Arabian—engaged in more touching and stood closer during conversation than non-contact cultures in northern Europe, North America and parts of Asia.
To a degree, this proved correct. Argentina becomes known as the most touchy-feely nation; people here keep the same distance from a stranger as a British person would an acquaintance and a Canadian individual a close friend or partner. ____27____ They come out with the widest distance you should stand from a stranger—more than 1.3m—but one of the narrowest gaps for close friends, just 40cm, compared to nearly 60cm for a British person. So the theory of warm versus cold is not as straightforward as it sounds.
____28____ The higher a country’s average temperature, the closer people will stand to a stranger. But older people in warm climates keep a bigger distance from close friends and stand closer to strangers; women generally keep a greater distance from someone they don’t know.
The academics leading this study admit that there is a lot more to do. But what we do know is to keep your distance in Canada; prepare for a hug in Argentina. ____29____ They like to stand closer than anybody. To keep warm perhaps.
A. It’s important to get the distance right, though.
B. Romanians clearly take longer to establish trust.
C. How close we stand to other people varies widely between countries.
D. And if you end up on good terms with a Norwegian, don’t draw back.
E. However, in India people will pack into trains and buses without a second thought.
F. One theory the researchers wanted to test was whether climate affects personal space.
G. The study certainly found that climate, age and gender have an effect on personal distance across cultures.
【答案】25. E 26. F 27. B 28. G 29. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了个人空间的文化观。
【25题详解】
根据上文“It’s a well-known fact that the British prefer a large “bubble” of personal space around them.(众所周知，英国人更喜欢周围有一个大的个人空间)”及下文“And in South America, a friend may grab you by the arm during conversation to make their point.”可知，本段是介绍不同地方人们的习惯性行为，E项“然而，在印度，人们会毫不犹豫地挤进火车和公共汽车”符合语境。故选E。
【26题详解】
根据下文“They developed an earlier study that divided individuals into ‘contact’ and ‘non-contact’ cultures.(他们开展了一项更早的研究，将个体分为‘接触’文化和‘非接触’文化)”可知，空处应是提到一些研究人员，指明下文They的具体指代对象，F项“研究人员想验证的一个理论是，气候是否会影响个人空间”符合语境。故选F。
【27题详解】
根据下文“They come out with the widest distance you should stand from a stranger — more than 1.3m — but one of the narrowest gaps for close friends, just 40cm, compared to nearly 60cm for a British person.(他们与陌生人之间的距离是最宽的——超过1.3米——但与亲密朋友之间的距离是最窄的，只有40厘米，而英国人则接近60厘米)”可知，空处应是提到了一些不愿意和陌生人亲近的人，B项“罗马尼亚人显然需要更长的时间来建立信任”符合语境，下文中的“They”指代B项中的“Romanians”。故选B。
【28题详解】
根据下文“The higher a country’s average temperature, the closer people will stand to a stranger. But older people in warm climates keep a bigger distance from close friends and stand closer to strangers; women generally keep a greater distance from someone they don’t know.(一个国家的平均气温越高，人们与陌生人的距离就越近。但在温暖气候中的老年人与亲密的朋友保持更大的距离，与陌生人站得更近；女性通常会和不认识的人保持较远的距离)”可知，本段要讲的是人之间的距离和气候、年龄以及性别之间的关系。G项“研究当然发现，气候、年龄和性别对不同文化背景下的个人距离有影响”符合语境，故选G。
【29题详解】
根据下文“They like to stand closer than anybody.(他们喜欢站得比任何人都近)”可知，空处应是提到喜欢站得很近的某个国家的人，D项“如果你和一个挪威人关系很好，不要退缩”符合语境。故选D。
第二卷(共三部分，57分)
第一部分：词汇知识(共10小题;每题1分，共10分)
根据句意、中文提示和单词首字母，写出单词的正确形式，并将完整的单词答案书写在答题纸的相应位置上。
30. Children under 14 must be a________ (陪同)by an adult to visit the museum.(根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】accompanied##ccompanied
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：14岁以下儿童必须由成人陪同参观博物馆。“陪同”用动词accompany表示。逻辑主语children和动词accompany之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态be+过去分词。结合中英文提示及句意，故填accompanied。
31. The government is a________(呼吁) to everyone to save water. (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
【答案】appealing
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：政府呼吁大家节约用水。根据汉语及首字母提示可知，此处使用动词appeal，由句意可知，此处描述的是目前正在进行的动作，应用现在进行时。故填appealing。
32. She was b________(禁止) from the game for two years after failing a drug test. (根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】banned##anned
【解析】
【详解】考查动词和被动。句意：由于药检不合格，她被禁赛两年。根据所给出的中英文提示可知，应是动词“ban”，意为“禁止”，作谓语，时态为一般过去时，在句中与主语“She”之间为被动关系，应是一般过去时被动语态结构：was done，空前已有was，填动词的过去分词。故填banned。
33. There is a growing t________ (趋势) among employers to hire casual staff. (根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】trend##rend
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：雇主中雇佣临时工趋势越来越大。由首字母提示t可知，“趋势”是trend，空前有a，空格处用单数，故填trend。
34. His arms s________ (摇摆) as he walked. (根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】swung##wung
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：他边走边摆着双臂。根据汉语及首字母提示，可知应为swing。分析句子成分可知，照应“as”引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词“walked”，所以主句谓语也应为一般过去时。故填swung。
35. We need a big win to b________(增强，促进) our confidence. (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
【答案】boost##oost
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们需要一场大胜来增强信心。根据汉语提示“增强，促进”和首字母提示“b”可知，此处为动词boost，空前为动词不定式符号to，空处需填动词原形和to构成动词不定式作目状语。故填boost。
36. R________ (很少) have I seen such a beautiful sunset. (根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】Rarely##arely
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：我很少看到如此美丽的日落。否定副词rarely置于句首引起倒装句。根据中英文提示及句意，故填Rarely。
37. Molly had o________ (克服) her fear of flying. (根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】overcome##vercome
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：莫利克服了对飞行的恐惧。由首字母提示o可知，“克服”是overcome，由had可知，句子时态是过去完成时，空格处用过去分词overcome，故填overcome。
38. Many men still o________ (占据) more positions of power than women. (根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】occupy##ccupy
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：许多男人仍然比女人担任更多要职。依据所给汉语及首字母，动词occupy符合题意，作谓语，依据句意应使用一般现在时，且主语是复数，故填occupy。
39. The attempt to e________ (扩大) the business was a catastrophe for the firm. (根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】enlarge##nlarge##expand##xpand
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：扩大业务的尝试对公司来说是一场灾难。分析句意和英文提示可知，此处填写动词enlarge/expand“扩大”符合语境，名词attempt 后接不定式作后置定语，因此空处用动词原形，故填enlarge/expand。
第二部分：语法知识(共10小题;每题1.5分，共15分)
(A)
在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
The Digital World is a set of volumes ____40____ aim to describe how digital systems influence society and help readers understand the nature of digital systems and their many interacting parts. Each volume in the set explores a wide range of materials, ____41____ (explain) the basic concepts of major applications of digital systems, and discusses the influences they have ____42____ everyday life. ____43____ the number of possible topics is practically limitless, we focus on a sample of the most interesting and useful applications and tools and explain the basic principles of technology.
【答案】40. that##which
41. explains 42. on
43. Because
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了数字世界的作用和意义。
【40题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：数字世界是一套旨在描述数字系统如何影响社会，并帮助读者理解数字系统的本质及其许多相互作用的部分的一组卷集。分析句子成分可知，空前谓语为“is”，空后谓语为“aim”，所以空处需要连接词，且指代先行词“volumes”在定语从句中充当主语。故填that/which。
【41题详解】
考查时态。句意：每一卷都探索了广泛的材料，解释了数字系统主要应用的基本概念，并讨论了它们对日常生活的影响。分析句子成分可知，本句有三个并列的谓语动词，分别为“explores”，“explain”以及“discusses”，所以explain应为一般现在时。故填explains。
【42题详解】
考查介词。句意：每一卷都探索了广泛的材料，解释了数字系统主要应用的基本概念，并讨论了它们对日常生活的影响。分析句子成分可知，“they have”为定语从句修饰先行词“influence”。所以应为固定搭配have an influence on sth. “对……有影响”。故填on。
【43题详解】
考查连词。句意：由于可能的主题数量实际上是无限的，我们将重点放在最有趣和最有用的应用程序和工具的示例上，并解释技术的基本原理。分析句子成分可知，从句谓语动词为“is”，主句谓语动词为“focus”和“explain”，所以空处应为连词。根据语意可知，由于可能的主题数量是无限的，所以我们将重点放在最有趣和最有用的应用程序和工具的示例上，并解释技术的基本原理。故填Because。
(B)
My trip to Paris was so memorable. First of all, the hotel was fantastic. It overlooked the Seine, the famous river I ___44___ (read) about in so many poems. We listened to the laughter of the children and watched the river run by ___45___ (slow) below. Next, Montmartre was a wonderful place for painters. The air was filled with the sounds of happy people and the smell of paint. ___46___ I enjoyed most were the cafes. There I had a cup of coffee and watched people on the street. Everyone had a sense of style.
【答案】44. had read
45. slowly 46. What
【解析】
【分析】本文属于记叙文，描述作者游览巴黎的经历。
【44题详解】
考查过去完成时。句意：这个宾馆俯瞰塞纳河，这条河流我在很多诗里读到过。分析句子可知，I ___1___ (read) about in so many poems 作定语从句修饰river，从句缺乏谓语，read动作发生在overlook之前，因此发生在过去的过去，故用过去完成时had read。
【45题详解】
考查副词。修饰动词run by用副词slowly。
【46题详解】
考查主语从句。I enjoyed most为主语从句，从句缺乏enjoy的宾语，故用引导词What。
(C)
在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Filled with ____47____ (curious), the artist packed his bags and left. When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary artist, they smiled and pointed down the river. The next morning he hired a boat and set out ____48____ (find) the well-known painter. As the small boat moved gently along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water. He passed milky white waterfalls and mountains in many shades of blue. And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds ____49____ (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. The artist was finally humbled by the greatest artist on earth, Mother Nature.
【答案】47. curiosity
48. to find
49. surrounding
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。中国古代的一位艺术家，到丽江去向世界上最伟大的艺术家学习。到了以后，这位艺术家终于被世界上最伟大的艺术家——大自然所折服。
【47题详解】
考查名词。句意：带着满心的好奇，这位画家打包行李出发了。设空处位于介词with后作宾语，应用名词形式。故填curiosity。
48题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：第二天早上，他租了一艘船，出发去寻找这位著名的画家。此处在句中作目的状语，应用动词不定式，故填to find。
【49题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：当他看到江面上升腾的薄雾和环绕着山顶的轻柔的云时，他流下了眼泪。设空处为后置定语，修饰clouds，且clouds和surround之间为逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词形式。故填surrounding。
第三部分：书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节 阅读表达(共4小题;第50-51题每小题2分，第52题3分，第53题5分，满分12分)
阅读表达
I started drawing houses at six. Unlike most girls, my dream was to build a backyard clubhouse — a dream that was unrealistic given that we lived in an apartment. By high school I continued drawing and my dreams broadened — to become an architect. My older brother told me that took a university education. But my family couldn’t afford that kind of education. Still, I fanned the flame of hope.
I got a part-time job at Bayside Bowl and started saving money. My bank account, however, was growing quite slowly. When I looked at college catalogs, I couldn’t imagine how I would ever get there. I decided to shrink my dreams to a more realistic size.
Soon after that, a newcomer started frequenting Bayside Bowl. She arrived alone, and always carried a pink bag with a ball inside. Her dark, wrinkled skin and curly gray hair made her stand out among our younger customers. She talked to me whenever I cleaned near her lane. I learned her name was Bessie. She had been a singer for as long as she could remember. In her 20s she had tried to get a job as a restaurant singer. “I was a young black woman, and in the early 1950s doors didn’t exactly open wide for me. Zilch!” she said.
I admired her ability to pick up a split, but I also appreciated her advice. “Life’s like bowling.” she would say. “Set your eyes on your target and follow through.” Indeed, Bessie hadn’t let the “zilches” stop her. She had saved up and enrolled in the Brightwood Music Academy. It turned out this lady with the pink bowling bag was the Bessie Richards, a recording artist of the 1960s.
Bessie moved on to live with her sister, but before leaving, she left me with a $50 tip for helping her at the lanes, a reminder to ignore the “zilches” in my life, and some lines of poetry she had copied from a book. Bessie said, “Read this when the going seems tough. It’ll help you follow through and reach for your goal.” These are the lines:
Hold fast to dreams
For if dreams die
Life is a broken-winged bird
That cannot fly.
Hold fast to dreams
For when dreams go
Life is a barren field
Frozen with snow.
A year has passed since I last bowled with Bessie, and I’ve resumed my drawing. I’m working and saving money, taking drafting classes, and applying for internships(实习). Whenever I’m discouraged, I reread those lines of poetry.
There’ll be no barren field of frozen snow nor zilches for me. Inspired by Bessie and the poem, I plan to continue to dream.
50. What was the author’s dream when she was in high school?
___________________________________________________________________
51. According to Bessie, what does “Life is like bowling” mean?
___________________________________________________________________
52. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
The author shrank her dream to a realistic size because she gradually lost her ambition.
___________________________________________________________________
53. Who is the “Bessie” in your life? How does he/she help you to pursue your dream? (about 40 words)
___________________________________________________________________
【答案】50. To become an architect./Becoming an architect.
51. Just like playing bowling, we need to set our eyes on the target in life and follow through.
52. The author shrank her dream to a realistic size because her family/she couldn’t afford a university education.
53. My mom is the “Bessie” in my life. It was my mom who encouraged me to keep playing the piano when I considered quitting and now I can play the piano well.
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者喜爱画画，梦想成为建筑师，虽然家庭经济不好，但作者不放弃，自己兼职去追梦，一位顾客的追梦故事和鼓励话语让作者坚定了追梦的心。
【50题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第一段中“By high school I continued drawing and my dreams broadened — to become an architect.(到了高中，我继续画画，我的梦想更大了——成为一名建筑师)”可知，作者高中时的梦想是成为一名建筑师。故答案为To become an architect./Becoming an architect.。
【51题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第四段中“‘Life’s like bowling.’ she would say. ‘Set your eyes on your target and follow through.’(‘生活就像打保龄球。’她会这样说。‘把你的眼睛放在你的目标上，并坚持到底。’)”可知，按照Bessie的说法，生活就像打保龄球一样，我们需要把我们的眼睛放在生活的目标上，并坚持到底，故答案为Just like playing bowling, we need to set our eyes on the target in life and follow through.。
【52题详解】
考查细节理解。题干中应划线部分是“because she gradually lost her ambition”，根据第一段中“But my family couldn’t afford that kind of education.(但我的家庭负担不起那种教育)”以及第二段“I got a part-time job at Bayside Bowl and started saving money. My bank account, however, was growing quite slowly. When I looked at college catalogs, I couldn’t imagine how I would ever get there. I decided to shrink my dreams to a more realistic size.(我在Bayside Bowl找了份兼职工作，开始攒钱。然而，我的银行账户增长相当缓慢。当我看大学目录时，我无法想象我怎样才能去那里。我决定把我的梦想缩小到一个更现实的尺寸)”可知，作者改变梦想是因为付不起学费，不是因为她逐渐失去了雄心壮志。故应划线部分是“because she gradually lost her ambition”，原因是The author shrank her dream to a realistic size because her family/she couldn’t afford a university education.。
【53题详解】
考查开放题型。现实生活中，我的妈妈就像Bessie一样，因为在我考虑放弃弹钢琴时，是我妈妈鼓励我坚持，现在我可以弹得很好。故答案为My mom is the “Bessie” in my life. It was my mom who encouraged me to keep playing the piano when I considered quitting and now I can play the piano well.。
第二节(满分20分)
54. 假如你是李华，你校要成立学农社(Agriculture Club)。请你给你校交换生Jim写一封邮件，邀请他加入。
内容包括：
1. 成立学农社的目的；
2. 活动时间及内容。
注意：1. 词数100词左右;
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数;
3. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Jim,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
In order to let the students feel the importance of agriculture and experience the practice of agricultural labor, our school will set up Agriculture Club. I am writing to invite you to join it. As we all know, agriculture is the source of food and clothing for human beings and the foundation of survival, which is very important for us.
We plan to go to Yimin Farm nearby every Friday afternoon to experience farm work and learn to grow vegetables. With experienced farmers to guide us, we will learn how to sow, transplant, water and so on.
Welcome to our Agriculture Club. I believe we will have a happy time there.
Yours,

Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给交换生Jim写一封邮件，邀请他加入你校成立的学农社(Agriculture Club)。
【详解】1.词汇积累
重要性：importance→significance
成立：set up→found
计划：plan→be scheduled
有经验的：experienced→professional
2句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：With experienced farmers to guide us, we will learn to sow, transplant, water and so on.
拓展句：With experienced farmers to guide us, we will learn to sow, transplant, water and so on, which I think you will like very much.
【点睛】【高分句型1】As we all know, agriculture is the source of food and clothing for human beings and the foundation of survival, which is very important for us. (运用了as和which引导的非限制性定语从句)
【高分句型2】With experienced farmers to guide us, we will learn to sow, transplant, water and so on. (运用了with复合结构，不定式作宾语补语)