2022-2023学年北京市首都师范大学附属回龙观育新学校高二上学期期中考试英语试卷（解析版）

这是一份2022-2023学年北京市首都师范大学附属回龙观育新学校高二上学期期中考试英语试卷（解析版），共21页。试卷主要包含了5分，共15分)， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。

首都师范大学附属回龙观育新学校2022-2023学年度第一学期
期中考试高二英语试卷
考生注意：本试卷共十页，共三道大题、43道小题，卷面满分100分，答题时间90分钟。考生务必将答案答在机读卡和答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。
第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30分)
第一节完形填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
“It’s no use Mum.” said Johnny. “I’m just no good at dancing.”
“You’ve got to keep trying. Tonight will be ___1___ , dear. Try a turn with that pretty Lisette.”
Johnny ___2___ . Every Saturday night used to be the best of the week. He and his parents went to the dance at the Club, where his hero, Alcide, played the accordion with the band. But lately everything had changed. Now that Johnny was older, he was ___3___ to dance with a girl.
When Johnny and his parents arrived at the Club, music had already started. Johnny got up his ___4___ to approach Lisette. “May I have this dance?” Johnny asked. “That’s all right,” said Lisette. Johnny struggled to keep up with Lisette’s smooth steps, but he was always one beat behind her. Then Johnny heard his friend Pierre say, “Look! Johnny has two let feet!” ___5___ burst from the crowd. Johnny broke away and ran outside, determined never to go to another dance.
The next Saturday, Alcide ___6___ to Johnny’s house for some potatoes. He happened to hear Johnny playing the accordion. Alcide’s eyes ___7___ . “Bring that accordion and play some songs tonight,” Alcide said. Then he drove off, leaving Johnny staring open-mouthed after him.
At the Club, Johnny scanned the crowd for Lisette and ___8___ her, and invited her for a dance. The band played for a long time before Alcide said, “Dear friends, I got a surprise for you tonight. Young Johnny is going to join us!” ___9___ , Johnny stepped up on the platform, his eyes on the floor. He began to play, and the band joined in behind him. When the song ended, he heard cheers. Johnny kept playing until the dance was over. “You did a fine job tonight. Play with us again next Saturday night,” Alcide said. “Yes, sir!” said Johnny. As he went outside, Johnny saw Lisette and her friends near the door. Lisette stepped ___10___ , smiling. “You played really good tonight!” she said. “Thank you,” Johnny blushed.
1. A. difficult B. troublesome C. different D. terrible
2. A. answered B. sighed C. smiled D. laughed
3. A. expected B. invited C. allowed D. chosen
4. A. spirits B. feelings C. courage D. strength
5. A. Shouts B. Laughter C. Applause D. Cheers
6. A. ran B. walked C. drove D. cycled
7. A. opened B. rolled C. sharpened D. widened
8. A. caught B. searched C. sought D. spotted
9. A. Struggling B. Trembling C. Wandering D. Whispering
10. A. backward B. upward C. forward D. downward
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. B 6. C 7. D 8. D 9. B 10. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。Johnny小时候经常和父母去跳舞俱乐部，当他第一次鼓起勇气去和女孩跳舞时，却被朋友嘲笑，但是俱乐部的Alcide发现了他手风琴拉的很好，邀请他在俱乐部表演，获得女孩的青睐。
【1题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：今晚就不一样了，亲爱的。A. difficult困难的；B. troublesome麻烦的，讨厌的；C. different不同的；D. terrible可怕的。根据上文“You’ve got to keep trying.”可知，妈妈鼓励不擅长跳舞的Johnny继续尝试，并鼓励说今晚将是不同的。故选C项。
【2题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：约翰叹了口气。A. answered回答；B. sighed叹气，叹息；C. smiled微笑；D. laughed笑。根据上文“I’m just no good at dancing.”和“Try a turn with that pretty Lisette.”可知，Johnny不擅长跳舞，妈妈却让他和女孩跳舞，他对自己没有信心，所以叹息。故选B项。
【3题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在Johnny长大了，他应该和一个女孩跳舞。A. expected期望；B. invited邀请；C. allowed允许；D. chosen选择。根据前文“Now that Johnny was older”可知，Johnny长大了，所以被期望和女孩跳舞。故选A项。
【4题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Johnny鼓起勇气接近Lisette。A. spirits精神；B. feelings想法；C. courage勇气；D. strength力量。根据前文“I’m just no good at dancing.”和““You’ve got to keep trying. Tonight will be 　1　 , dear. Try a turn with that pretty Lisette.””可知，妈妈让不擅长跳舞的Johnny邀请Lisette跳舞，而Johnny对自己跳舞没信心，所以是鼓起勇气。故选C项。
【5题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：人群中爆发出一阵笑声。A. Shouts喊叫声；B. Laughter笑声；C. Applause掌声；D. Cheers欢呼声。根据前文“Look! Johnny has two let feet!(看，Johnny笨手笨脚)”可知，是朋友在嘲笑他，所以是人群中爆发出一阵笑声。故选B项。
【6题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二个星期六，Alcide开车去Johnny家买土豆。A. ran跑步；B. walked行走；C. drove开车；D. cycled骑自行车。根据后文“Then he drove off, leaving Johnny staring open-mouthed after him.”可知，Alcide是开车去Johnny家。故选C项。
【7题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Alcide睁大了眼睛。A. opened打开；B. rolled(使)翻滚；C. sharpened(使)变得锋利；D. widened(使)变宽。根据后文“The band played for a long time before Alcide said, “Dear friends, I got a surprise for you tonight. Young Johnny is going to join us!””可知，是Alcide听到Johnny弹奏手风琴，拉的很好，所以邀请他上台表演，此处是因为惊讶而眼睛睁大。故选D项。
【8题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在俱乐部里，Johnny扫视人群寻找Lisette，发现了她，邀请她跳舞。A. caught拦住；B. searched搜索；C. sought寻求；D. spotted发现、看见。根据前文“At the Club, Johnny scanned the crowd for Lisette”以及后文“invited her for a dance.”可知，是Johnny在人群中寻找Lisette，找到了她，才会邀请她跳舞。故选D项。
【9题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Johnny战战兢兢地走上平台，两眼望着地板。A. Struggling奋斗；B. Trembling(因紧张、激动、惊慌等)颤抖；C. Wandering徘徊；D. Whispering耳语。根据后文“his eyes on the floor”可知，Johnny的心情是紧张，害怕的，所以是颤抖着走上台。故选B项。
【10题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：Lisette微笑着走上前去。A. backward向后；B. upward向上；C. forward向前；D. downward向下。根据后文““You played really good tonight!” she said.”可知，Lisette是在赞扬Johnny，所以她是走上前和Johnny说话。故选C项。
第二节语法填空(共10小题;每小题1分，共15分)
A
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Sixteen years ago, Jason was a college professor ___11___ a huge six-bedroom house and a fortune of two million dollars. A few years ago. he knew millions of people died of hunger every year, and there were places with no schools and no teachers. This worried him a lot and he felt guilty being a rich man without ___12___ (do)anything. Therefore, he gave away all his money to charities. “Success ___13___ (not measure)by how much money you have ___14___ by how you understand the true meaning of life.“ said Jason.
【答案】11. with
12. doing 13. is not measured
14. but
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。Jason以前是一个很有钱的大学教授，后来知道每年都有很多人饿死，还有一些地方没有学校和老师后，就把所有的钱都捐给慈善机构了。他认为成功不是用你有多有钱衡量，而是你对生命真谛的理解来衡量。
11题详解】
考查介词。句意：16年前，杰森是一名大学教授，拥有一栋六居室大房子和200万美元的财产。根据句意可知，此处表示“拥有一栋六居室大房子和200万美元的财产”，整个短语表伴随，应用介词with。故填with。
【12题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这使他很担心，他感到内疚，身为富人却什么都不做。分析句子可知，设空处位于介词without后，作宾语，应用动名词doing形式。故填doing。
【13题详解】
考查动词时态语态。句意：“成功不是用你有多少钱来衡量的，而是用你对生活真谛的理解来衡量的。”杰森说。分析句子可知，设空处在句中作谓语，其主语为success，与measure之间为被动关系，表示“被衡量”，应用被动语态；结合句意可知，此处是在陈述客观真理，用一般现在时的被动语态，主语success为不可数名词，故谓语动词用单数形式。故填is not measured。
【14题详解】
考查并列连词。句意：“成功不是用你有多少钱来衡量，而是用你对生活真谛的理解来衡量的。”杰森说。分析句子可知，设空处前后均为by + how引导的宾语从句，前后之间结构一致，故需填一个并列连词；结合句意可知，此处表示“成功不是用你有多少钱来衡量，而是用你对生命真谛的理解来衡量”，not...but...为固定搭配，意为“不是……而是……”。故填but。
B
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Naomi Watts, one of Hollywood’s greatest ___15___ (star), was born in England on 28th September, 1968. At seven she ___16___ (begin) to follow her mother and her brother around England until in 1982 they settled in Australia ___17___ Naomi persuaded her mother to let her take acting classes. After bit parts in commercials, she landed her first role in For Love Alone. Later her part in the film Mulholland Drive showed her strong acting ability and earned much respect.
【答案】15. stars
16. began 17. where
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了好莱坞明星娜奥米·沃茨的成长经历。
【15题详解】
考查名词。句意：娜奥米·沃茨，好莱坞最伟大的明星之一，1968年9月28日出生于英国。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短语“one of+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”，意为“最……的……之一”，“star”意为“明星”，为可数名词，复数形式为“stars”。故填stars。
【16题详解】
考查时态。句意：七岁时，她开始跟随母亲和哥哥在英国各地旅行，直到1982年他们在澳大利亚定居，娜奥米说服母亲让她上表演课。根据句意和句中“At seven”可知，句中陈述的是娜奥米七岁时的事，应用一般过去时，“begin”意为“开始”，动词词性，过去式为“began”。故填began。
17题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：七岁时，她开始跟随母亲和哥哥在英国各地旅行，直到1982年他们在澳大利亚定居，娜奥米说服母亲让她上表演课。分析句子可知，句子为限制性定语从句，先行词为“Australia”，在从句中作地点状语，故应用关系副词“where”引导从句。故填where。
C
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Your personality shapes you. Personality is the characteristic patterns of thoughts, feelings and behaviors that make a person unique. Understanding personality allows us ___18___ (predict)how people will respond to certain situations and what they prefer and value. For example, an outgoing person may jump for joy when facing new experiences, ___19___ a shy person may feel ___20___ (embarrass)in front of a large group of people.
【答案】18. to predict
19. while
20. embarrassed
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要讲述了什么是人格以及理解人格的作用。
【18题详解】
考查不定式和动词短语。句意：理解人格可以让我们预测人们对待特定情况的反应，以及他们的喜好和价值。allow sb to do sth是固定短语，意为“允许某人做某事”，故填to predict。
【19题详解】
考查并列连词。句意：例如，一个人在面对新的经历时可能会高兴地跳起来，而一个害羞的人可能会在一大群人面前感到尴尬。前后分句表达对比含义，故填while。
【20题详解】
考查形容词。句意：例如，一个人在面对新的经历时可能会高兴地跳起来，而一个害羞的人可能会在一大群人面前感到尴尬。feel后面接形容词作表语，修饰人用ed形容词，故填embarrassed。
第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Looking for a good book? We have the world’s largest collection of expert book recommendations. The following are books that have been recommended over and over again, suggesting they are some of the most important books ever written.
Atomic Habits by James Clear
Atomic Habits, published in 2018, will reshape the way you think about progress and success, and give you the tools and strategies you need to transform your habits. If you’re having trouble changing your habits, the problem is your system. Bad habits repeat themselves again and again because you have the wrong system for change. James Clear will help you get a proven system that can take you to new heights.
The Looming Tower by Lawrence Wright
The Looming Tower by Lawrence Wright was published in 2014. The book is the most detailed and thrilling account of the events that led to the destruction of the Twin Towers, based on five years of research and hundreds of interviews.
Ammonite by Nicola Griffith
Ammonite, Griffith’s first science fiction, which was published in 1992, won the Lambda Award and the James Tiptree Jr Award. It tells us a thrilling story: A human expedition to the planet Jeep is nearly wiped out by a virus that kills all the men and most of the women. Some centuries later, Marghe is sent to test a vaccine on the people there. As she lives and moves among them, Marghe finds herself changed in unexpected ways.
Walden by Henry David Thoreau
First published in 1854, Walden details Thoreau’s experiences over the course of two years, two months, and two days in a cabin he built near Walden Pond, in woodland owned by his friend Ralph Waldo Emerson, near Concord, Massachusetts. The book compresses the time into a single calendar year and uses passages of four seasons to symbolize human development.
21. Who wrote the book about the disaster of the Twin Towers?
A. James Clear. B. Lawrence Wright.
C. Nicola Griffith. D. Henry David Thoreau.
22. Which book is the best choice for the people who love science fictions?
A. Atomic Habits. B. The Looming Tower.
C. Ammonite. D. Walden.
23. According to the passage, the four books are all ________.
A. about thrilling stories B. recommended by experts
C. newly published books D. helpful in shaping your habits
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。作者收集大量专家对书推荐的数据，然后向读者推荐一些有史以来最重要的书。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。由文章第三段“ The book is the most detailed and thrilling account of the events that led to the destruction of the Twin Towers, based on five years of research and hundreds of interviews.”（这本书是最详细且惊心动魄地描述那些导致双子塔毁灭的事件，以五年来的研究和成百上千的调查为基础。）可知，The Looming Tower by Lawrence Wright这本书描述的是Twin Towers。故选B项。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。由文章倒数第二段“Ammonite, Griffith’s first science fiction, which was published in 1992, won the Lambda Award and the James Tiptree Jr Award.”（Ammonite是Griffith的第一本科幻小说，出版于1992年，而且获得 Lambda奖和James Tiptree Jr 奖。）可知，Ammonite是一本科幻小说。故选C项。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“We have the world’s largest collection of expert book recommendations. The following are books that have been recommended over and over again,”（我们拥有世界上最大专家对书的推荐的收集数据，下面是一些不断被推荐的书籍。）可知，文章推荐的书籍都是专家们多次推荐的。故选B项。
B
I once met a young woman who had dreams of swimming for the U.S Olympic team. She had to get up every morning at 4 a.m. to swim for 3 hours before going to school. She did not party with her friends on Saturday night. She had to study and keep her grades up, just like everyone else.
When I asked her what compelled her with such super-human ambition and sacrifice (牺牲). She simply said, “I do it for myself and the people I love. It’s love that gets me over the hurdles and sacrifices.”
A reason or a purpose is a combination of “wants” and “don’t wants”. When people ask me what my reason for wanting to be rich is, it is a combination of deep emotional “wants” and “don’t wants”.
I will list a few. First the “don’t wants”, for they create the “wants”. I don’t want to work all my life. I don’t want what my parents aspired for, which was job security and a big house. I don’t like being an employee. I hated it that my dad always missed my football games because he was so busy working on his career. I hated it when my dad worked hard all his life and the government took most of what he worked for at his death.
Now the “wants”. I want to be free to travel the world and live in the lifestyle I love. I want to be young when I do this. I want control over my time and my life. I want money to work for me.
Those are my deep-seated, emotional reasons. What are yours? If they are not strong enough, the reality of the road ahead may be greater than your reasons. I have lost money and been set back many times, but it was the deep emotional reasons that kept me standing up and going forward. I wanted to be free by age 40, but it took me until I was 47 with many learning experiences along the way.
I wish I could say it was easy. It wasn’t, but it wasn’t hard either. But without a strong reason or purpose anything in life is hard.
24. The passage is started by__________.
A. giving an example B. explaining the causes
C. pointing out similarities D. describing the differences
25. The underlined word “compelled” in Para. 2 probably means__________.
A. committed B. inspired C. forced D. combined
26. We know from the passage that_________.
A. the “wants” lead to the “don’t wants”
B. the “wants” come from the “don’t wants”
C. the “don’t wants” have little to do with the “wants”
D. the “don’t wants” are more important than the “wants”
27. What can we learn from the underlined sentence in Para. 6?
A. The reality is greater than the deep emotional reasons.
B. With stronger emotional reasons, life must be much easier.
C. With deeper emotional reasons, the road ahead is likely to be harder.
D. In reality, we may meet many more obstacles without deeper emotional reasons.
【答案】24. A 25. C 26. B 27. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过讲述一个年轻女子努力实现自己目标的故事，来表达如果没有一个强有力的理由或目标，生活中的任何事情都是困难的。
【24题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“I once met a young woman who had dreams of swimming for the U.S Olympic team. She had to get up every morning at 4 a.m. to swim for 3 hours before going to school. She did not party with her friends on Saturday night. She had to study and keep her grades up, just like everyone else.(我曾经遇到过一位年轻女子，她梦想成为美国奥运代表队的一员。她每天早上4点起床，游泳3个小时后才去上学。星期六晚上她没有和朋友聚会。她必须学习，保持好成绩，就像其他人一样)”可知，文章以一个年轻女子的故事开头，所以是举例子开头。故选A项。
【25题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段中“She simply said, “I do it for myself and the people I love. It’s love that gets me over the hurdles and sacrifices.”(她只是说，“我这么做是为了我自己和我爱的人。是爱让我克服障碍和牺牲。”)”可知，此处是年轻女子在解释是什么让她一直坚持，所以前面是作者在问她是什么促使她有如此超人的野心和牺牲，所以compelled此处是“促使”之意，与forced意思相近。故选C项。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“First the “don’t wants”, for they create the “wants”.(首先是“不想要”，因为它们创造了“想要”)”可知，“想要”来自“不想要”。故选B项。
【27题详解】
推理判断题题。根据第六段中“I have lost money and been set back many times, but it was the deep emotional reasons that kept me standing up and going forward. I wanted to be free by age 40, but it took me until I was 47 with many learning experiences along the way.(我已经失去了钱，多次被挫败，但正是深层次的情感原因让我站起来继续前进。我想在40岁时自由，但我直到47岁才实现，一路上有很多学习经历)”以及第七段“I wish I could say it was easy. It wasn’t, but it wasn’t hard either. But without a strong reason or purpose anything in life is hard.(我希望我能说这很容易。不是，但也不难。但如果没有一个强有力的理由或目标，生活中的任何事情都是困难的)”可知，后文是对划线句子的解释，所以从划线的句子中了解到，在现实中，没有更深层次的情感原因，我们可能会遇到更多的障碍。故选D项。
C
The Link between Fitness and Career Success
It’s no mystery to successful people that there is direct link between sound health & fitness and success in their cancer and personal lives. Successful persons likely show up at the health club consistently, work with a personal trainer, or get up a few minutes early for a heart elevating jog. Successful people like to jump start their day with plenty of energy and the feel-good endorphins(内啡肽)that exercise offers. Recent studies prove the direct link between fitness and success.
Better ability to focus, improved confidence and enhanced ability to follow through were directly attributed to improved fitness levels according to a 2007 University of Georgia study.
Further, a leading manager search company surveyed more than 1,300 managers. When asked to describe their viewpoints of weight and work, 75% said good physical fitness is “critical for career success at the manager level.” 17%, by contrast, said staying in shape is “a nice goal, but secondary to good fitness.”
The CEO of that manager search firm said, “Good physical fitness is critical to success as a manager in today’s work world.” When asked about obesity, 75% of managers said that being overweight is a “serious career impediment (妨碍)”. Do these responses reflect our obsession with weight loss and mirror the constant reports of skinny images in popular culture? Probably not. Rather, there is a very strong link between improved fitness and increased productivity, enhanced ability to solve problems, superior energy, not to mention reduced stress and tiredness, all leading to better job performance. It goes well beyond looking good. Fit people tend to have better eating habits and miss fewer days at work due to a higher resistance to illness. And with competition continually increasing in every industry, companies are now rewarding employees and managers who miss less work and produce more.
A study by Jim McKenna, a British researcher, showed that after exercising participants returned to work more tolerant of themselves and more forgiving of their colleagues. The study concluded that “work performance was consistently higher, time management skills improved, as did mental sharpness.”
All it takes is investing 3—4 sessions a week, 30—45 minutes each, to experience these benefits. Combine strength training and cardiovascular (心血管的) exercise, along with sound nutrition to speed up your mental sharpness, enhance your productivity, improve your mood and better manage stress. As your fitness level increases, likely your position on the ladder of success will too!
28. Successful people are likely to_________
A. have higher resistance to illness B. get more energy and endorphins
C. lose weight more easily D. care more about their fitness
29. What does the underlined word “obsession” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A. craze. B. training. C. goal. D. imagination.
30. According to the study by the manager search company, _________.
A. there is a direct link between fitness and success
B. good physical fitness is critical for career success
C. mental sharpness, productivity and mood can be improved
D. people tend to be more tolerant and forgiving after exercising
【答案】28. D 29. A 30. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。大多数成功人士都很关注自身健康，最近的研究表明健康与成功有联系。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“Successful persons likely show up at the health club consistently, work with a personal trainer, or get up a few minutes early for a heart elevating jog. Successful people like to jump start their day with plenty of energy and the feel-good endorphins(内啡肽)that exercise offers.(成功人士可能会经常出现在健康俱乐部，与私人教练一起工作，或早起几分钟进行提升心脏的慢跑。成功人士喜欢以充沛的精力和运动带来的让人感觉良好的内啡肽开始新的一天)”可知，成功人士可能会经常出现在健康俱乐部、与私人教练一起锻炼或早起慢跑。由此可推知，成功人士往往更关注自己的健康状况。故选D项。
【29题详解】
词义猜测题。根据文章第四段中的“When asked about obesity, 75% of managers said that being overweight is a ”serious career impediment(妨碍)”. Do these responses reflect our obsession with weight loss and mirror the constant reports of skinny images in popular culture?(当被问及肥胖问题时，75%的管理者表示，超重是“严重的职业障碍”。这些回应是否反映了我们对减肥的obsession，并反映了流行文化中不断报道的瘦削形象?)”可知，当被问及肥胖问题时，有高达75%的管理者表示，超重是“严重的职业障碍”。因此下文问到了“这些回应是否反映了我们对减肥的痴迷”。obsession为名词，表示“痴迷、着魔”，与craze互为同义表达。故选A项。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段内容“Further, a leading manager search company surveyed more than 1,300 managers. When asked to describe their viewpoints of weight and work, 75% said good physical fitness is “critical for career success at the manager level.” 17%, by contrast, said staying in shape is “a nice goal, but secondary to good fitness.”(此外，一家领头经理猎头公司调查了1300多名经理。当被问及他们对体重和工作的看法时，75%的人认为良好的身体素质“对管理者的职业成功至关重要”。相比之下，17%的人说保持身材是“一个很好的目标，但次于良好的身体素质”)”可知，经理猎头公司的研究表明，良好的身体素质对职业成功至关重要。故选B项。
D
Success and Risk in Extreme Sports
What is it that drives some to take extreme risks, while the rest of us hurry for the safety of the sidelines?
Lester Keller, sports-psychology expert, says that not everyone has the mental makeup to do well in extreme sports. He notes that most of us hit a natural ceiling that limits our appetite for extreme risk in tricky conditions. But others have a much higher tolerance for risk. Keller points to a top ski racer. He told Keller that “the high element of risk makes you feel alive, tests what you are made of and how far you can take yourself”. He said he would get nervous on some of the courses, but that this would just make him fight more.
Psychologists note that some people seem to have a strong desire for adrenaline (肾上腺素) rushes as a behavior seeking excited feelings. Like many extreme athletes, Emily Cook’s appetite for risk appeared at a young age. “I was a gymnast,” she said. “I was one of those kids who enjoyed and did well at anything where you were upside down.” As she started doing harder tricks, she was drawn to the challenge. “There are moments when you’re up there doing a new trick and it seems like an impossible thing. But overcoming that is just the coolest feeling in the world.”
Shane Murphy, sports professor, has worked with groups climbing Everest. “To me, that just seems like the height of risk,” he said. “But to them it was the next step in an activity that they’ve prepared for years.” Murphy said the view of extreme athletes is different from our own. “We look at a risky situation and know that if we were in that situation we would be out of control. But from the athletes’ view, they have a lot of control, and there are many things that they do to minimize risk.”
Another aspect of risk perception (认知) may be something referred to as “the flow”, a state in which many athletes become absorbed in the acts that focus the mind completely on the present. “Something that makes you try doing a tougher climb than usual, perhaps, is that your adrenaline flows and you become very concentrated on what you’re doing,” Murphy says. “After it’s over, there’s great excitement.”
People of different skill levels experience the flow at different times. Some may always be driven to adventures that others consider extreme. “I can enjoy hitting a tennis ball around, because that’s my skill level,” Murphy says. “But others might need the challenge of Olympic competition.”
31. By using the term “natural ceiling” in Paragraph 2, Lester Keller points out that ______.
A. extreme athletes must learn special skills
B. extreme athletes have chances to take risks
C. many people don’t want to do extreme sports
D. many people can’t limit desire for extreme sports
32. What does Shane Murphy think about the mountain climbers he mentions?
A. They put in lots of preparation for challenges.
B. They are more fortunate than other sportspeople.
C. They carry little risk when facing big challenges.
D. They have special reasons that others can’t easily understand.
33. What main point is made in Paragraph 5?
A. Extreme athletes use techniques other people don’t use.
B. Non-athletes are probably wise not to try extreme sports.
C. Most people lack the focus required to take bigger risks.
D. A certain state of mind makes attempting an activity more likely.
34. We can learn from the passage that ______.
A. risk-taking is something you either naturally do or avoid
B. those who take risks are more likely to be successful in life
C. extreme athletes are driven by a need to be better than others
D. taking part in extreme sports is not as difficult as people think
【答案】31. C 32. A 33. D 34. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了极限运动的成功与风险。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。分析文章第二段第二句“He notes that most of us hit a natural ceiling that limits our appetite for extreme risk in tricky conditions.”（他指出，我们中的大多数人达到了一个自然的上限，这个（自然上限）限制了我们在复杂条件下对极端风险的欲望。）可知，这里含有一个定语从句，先行词为a natural ceiling，定语从句对a natural ceiling进行修饰，“限制了我们在复杂条件下对极端风险的欲望”说明许多人不想做极限运动。故选C项。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段开头提到的“groups climbing Everest”（攀登珠穆朗玛峰的团体）和第二句“To me, that just seems like the height of risk,” he said. “But to them it was the next step in an activity that they’ve prepared for years.”（“在我看来，这似乎是最大的风险，”他说。“但对他们来说，这是他们准备多年的一项活动的下一步。”）可知，登山者为挑战做了大量的准备。故选A项。
【33题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第五段第一句“Another aspect of risk perception (认知) may be something referred to as “the flow”, a state in which many athletes become absorbed in the acts that focus the mind completely on the present.”（ 风险认知的另一个方面可能是被称之为“心流”的东西 ，在这种状态下，许多运动员全神贯注于将精力完全集中在当下的行为。）以及后面的进一步解释可知，本段要点就是“the flow”这种特定的精神状态会使你更有可能去尝试一项活动。故选D项。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“People of different skill levels experience the flow at different times. Some may always be driven to adventures that others consider extreme.”（不同技能水平的人在不同的时间体验这种流动。一些人可能总是被驱使去冒险，而另一些人则认为是极端的。）以及后文所举的事例可知，不同的技能水平的人有自己不同的选择，所以冒险是你可以选择做或选择避免的事情。故选A项。
【点睛】概括主旨的方法是：先看首尾或各段开头再看全文找主题句，若无明显主题句，就通过关键词句来概括(如议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词句，记叙文寻找概括情节和中心的动词或反映人物特点的形容词)。文中出现两种或两种以上的不同观点时，务必牢记作者的观点才是体现全文中心的。例如本文第3题，第五段的要点，就在段落第一句上，准确理解了段落第一句，也就抓住了段落要点。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to Automate New Habits So That You’ll Keep to Them
Anyone who’s tried to add something new to their routine knows one thing: Building new habits isn’t easy.___35___
The good news: There’s a solution, and it’s called automation.___36___For example: If you want to save more but it seems difficult to achieve, try transferring five dollars to your savings account each time you buy lunch during the week. If you want to do more sports but aren’t motivated to go to the gym every day, try doing 5 pushups after each time you use the restroom.
That sounds easy.____37____“Automation works well in developing new behavior patterns because it involves the use of positive reinforcement(强化), which is one of the most powerful tools for behavior change,” Kahina Louis, a psychologist, tells Shine.
“As you’re engaging in gradual steps toward your goals, you may quickly start to experience feelings of accomplishment and pride that you’re making the changes you wanted to make,” she says. “Those positive feelings are forms of reinforcement, and you are more likely to continue doing things that reinforce you.”
Along with its positive reinforcement, automation emphasizes the impact of small changes in making a big difference. Though we all love the major successes, the small changes along the way are what get us there in the first step.____38____ “As you show yourself each small change you’ve made, you’re giving yourself the message that you are capable of accomplishment,” Louis says. “That feeling and self-belief are extremely helpful to have as you continue toward creating new behavior change.”
___39___ Take a look at what things you keep doing throughout the day or course of the week to decide when to add new automation. Louis says, “For example: If you know that you’re always extremely tired after work, then you might consider picking an auto habit that occurs in your morning routine rather than in the evening.”
Louis also explains that although you should pick a behavior that occurs frequently enough to maximize the opportunities to build towards your goal, try not to choose an already existing behavior that occurs too often-like checking your phone or drinking of water. “You might not even realize you’re doing it, and may then miss a lot of chances to perform the new habit,” she says.
A. Find your auto habits.
B. It takes time and insistence.
C. But it turns out to be efficient while trying.
D. Consider auto habits that occur at times or places.
E. It’s the small steps that fuel your motivation and self-belief.
F. It is when you add what you’d like to be your new habit onto an existing habit.
G. Building a new habit requires strong mind to help the process go along smoothly.
【答案】35. B 36. F 37. C 38. E 39. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种名为“自动化”的行为模式，可以有助于人们养成新的好习惯。自动化强调了小的变化对产生大的不同的影响。心理学家Kahina Louis也提出了自己对此的看法。
【35题详解】
根据上文Anyone who’s tried to add something new to their routine knows one thing: Building new habits isn’t easy.可知任何试图在日常生活中增加一些新东西的人都知道一件事：养成新习惯并不容易。由此可知，本句承接上文说明为什么养成新的习惯不容易，这是因为养成新的习惯需要时间和坚持。上文中Building new habits对应到B选项中的It。故B选项“这需要时间和坚持”符合上下文语境，故选B。
【36题详解】
根据后文For example: If you want to save more but it seems difficult to achieve, try transferring five dollars to your savings account each time you buy lunch during the week. If you want to do more sports but aren’t motivated to go to the gym every day, try doing 5 pushups after each time you use the restroom.可知例如:如果你想存更多的钱，但似乎很难做到，那就试着每周每次买午餐时把5美元转到你的储蓄账户上。如果你想做更多的运动，但又不想每天都去健身房，那就试试每次上完厕所后做5个俯卧撑吧。由此可知，自动化的意思是在你原有的习惯上增加新的习惯。故F选项“它是你把你想要的新习惯添加到已有的习惯上”符合上下文语境，故选F。
【37题详解】
根据后文“Automation works well in developing new behavior patterns because it involves the use of positive reinforcement, which is one of the most powerful tools for behavior change,” Kahina Louis, a psychologist, tells Shine.可知心理学家Kahina Louis告诉Shine网站:“自动化在开发新的行为模式方面效果很好，因为它涉及到积极强化的使用，这是改变行为最有力的工具之一。”由此可知，自动化是有效的改变行为的工具之一。故C选项“但它在尝试的过程中是有效的”符合上下文语境，故选C。
【38题详解】
根据后文“As you show yourself each small change you’ve made, you’re giving yourself the message that you are capable of accomplishment,” Louis says.可知Louis说:“当你向自己展示你所做的每一个小改变时，你给了自己一个信息：你有能力完成这些改变。”由此可知，这些小的步骤会激发你的自信，让你相信自己有能力完成这些改变。故E选项“这些小步骤会激发你的动力和自信”符合上下文语境，故选E。
【39题详解】
根据后文Take a look at what things you keep doing throughout the day or course of the week to decide when to add new automation. Louis says, “For example: If you know that you’re always extremely tired after work, then you might consider picking an auto habit that occurs in your morning routine rather than in the evening.”可知看看你每天或每周都在做些什么来决定什么时候添加新的自动化。Louis说：“例如如果你知道你下班后总是特别累，那么你可以考虑选择一个在早上而不是晚上养成的开车习惯。”由此可知本段是在建议要找到自己的自动习惯。故A选项“找到你自动习惯”符合上下文语境，故选A。
第三部分：书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共4小题;第1-2题每小题2分，第3题3分，第4题5分，共12分)
In 1983, Howard Gardner, a professor at Harvard, published Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences. In the book, he presented one type of intelligence that everyone must develop if they want to be successful. That is emotional intelligence.
Emotional intelligence refers to the ability to identify and regulate your own emotions. It means having a deep understanding of yourself, knowing your own strengths and weaknesses, and handling reactions and emotions wisely. Emotional intelligence is critical for success in almost any field and it is especially important for high-stress environments, for example, when times are tough and when a person wants to quit or is fearful.
We all know highly emotional people. Rather than react wisely, they tend to let their emotions run their lives, often saying or doing something they may later regret. I’ve seen many people do this on social media, getting in arguments with loved ones over trivial stuff because they have different opinions. This inability to master the self leads to many struggles and heartaches for people.
Emotional intelligence does not mean being void (没有) of emotions. It means you know it is okay to be angry, just not out-of-control angry. You know it’s okay to feel hurt, but it is not okay to do something stupid in the name of revenge (报复). Many of us know people who are very intelligent, but allow their emotions to damage their lives.
Now, reflect on how you manage your emotions. Are you smart in the way you express what you’re feeling, especially when the pressure is on?
40. According to the passage, what is “emotional intelligence”?
41. How do highly emotional people deal with their emotions?
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
It’s important to keep your emotions under control, so when you get hurt, you should neither get angry nor do stupid things for revenge.
43. In your daily life, what can you do to better manage your emotions?
【答案】40. Emotional intelligence refers to the ability to identify and regulate your own emotions.
41. Rather than react wisely, highly emotional people tend to let their emotions run their lives, often saying or doing something they may later regret.
42. It’s important to keep your emotions under control, so when you get hurt, you should neither get angry nor do stupid things for revenge.
According to the passage, it’s okay for you to feel angry, just not out-of-control angry.
43. I manage my emotions in two ways. Firstly, I like writing down my bad feelings, which enables me to let go of them so that I can focus more on what makes me cheerful. Secondly, when conflict occurs, it helps to talk openly about my feelings and thoughts.
I improve my emotional control from two aspects. When in conflict with others, I address it with a shoe-shifting view, which helps me better understand them and avoid highly emotional response. As for my negative feelings, I prefer to let them out in a healthy way, such as running or singing, which benefits me emotionally.
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是什么是情商，高情商和低情商的人分别有什么表现。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的“Emotional intelligence refers to the ability to identify and regulate your own emotions.（情商指的是识别和调节自己情绪的能力。）”可知，情商指的是识别和调节自己情绪的能力，故答案为Emotional intelligence refers to the ability to identify and regulate your own emotions。
【41题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段的“We all know highly emotional people. Rather than react wisely, they tend to let their emotions run their lives, often saying or doing something they may later regret.（我们都认识高度情绪化的人。他们没有做出明智的反应，而是倾向于让自己的情绪控制自己的生活，经常说或做一些事后可能会后悔的事情。）”可知，高度情绪化的人倾向于让他们的情绪控制他们的生活，经常说或做一些事后可能会后悔的事情，故答案为Rather than react wisely, highly emotional people tend to let their emotions run their lives, often saying or doing something they may later regret。
【42题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“It means you know it is okay to be angry, just not out-of-control angry. You know it’s okay to feel hurt, but it is not okay to do something stupid in the name of revenge (报复).（这意味着你知道生气是可以的，只是不要失控。你知道受伤是可以的，但以复仇的名义做傻事就不对了。）”可知，题干中说“should neither get angry（都不应该生气）”是不对的，故答案为It’s important to keep your emotions under control, so when you get hurt, you should neither get angry nor do stupid things for revenge. According to the passage, it’s okay for you to feel angry, just not out-of-control angry. 。
【43题详解】
推理判断题。根据客观事实，首先，我喜欢写下我的不好的感觉，这能让我放开它们，这样我就能更多地关注让我快乐的事情。其次，当冲突发生时，公开谈论我的感受和想法会有帮助。故答案为I manage my emotions in two ways. Firstly, I like writing down my bad feelings, which enables me to let go of them so that I can focus more on what makes me cheerful. Secondly, when conflict occurs, it helps to talk openly about my feelings and thoughts.。
第二节(20分)
44. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。你的英国朋友Jim最近在读关于成功的书籍，在给你的邮件中提到想要了解你心目中的成功人士。想请你介绍一位你所钦佩的成功人物。请你给Jim回信，内容包括：
1. 该人物是谁；
2. 他/她成功的秘诀是什么；
3. 该人物的事迹和主要贡献；
4. 该人物对你的影响。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
The successful person in my mind is Zhang Dingyu, who has influenced me a lot.
Zhang Dingyu became the president of Jinyintan Hospital in 2016 and worked hard for the development of the hospital. Unfortunately, he was diagnosed with ALS two years later. However, he was totally committed to his work. Especially during the outbreak of the pandemic of COVID-19, he was dedicated to helping the patients to get timely treatment and paid little attention to his own health.
In my opinion, he is a successful person, because I can see the true meaning of success from him, which is to make commitment to what you do and help to make the world a better place to live in. I would like to learn his dedication to work and his positive attitude to life.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国朋友Jim写一封信，介绍一位你所钦佩的成功人物。
【详解】1.词汇积累
不幸地：unfortunately→unluckily
然而：however→nevertheless
关注：pay attention to→take notice of
在我看来：in my opinion→in my view
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：However, he was totally committed to his work.
拓展句：Although he was ill, he was still totally committed to his work.
【点睛】【高分句型1】The successful person in my mind is Zhang Dingyu, who has influenced me a lot. (运用了who引导的非限制性定语从句)
【高分句型2】In my opinion, he is a successful person, because I can see the true meaning of success from him, which is to make commitment to what you do and help to make the world a better place to live in. (运用了because引导的原因状语从句、which引导的非限制性定语从句和what引导的宾语从句)