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2022-2023学年湖北省荆州中学高二上学期期末考试英语试题 解析版 （听力）
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这是一份2022-2023学年湖北省荆州中学高二上学期期末考试英语试题 解析版 （听力），共21页。试卷主要包含了5分，满分7等内容，欢迎下载使用。
荆州中学2021级高二期末考试
英语试题
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
1. What did the woman do last night?
A. She looked after her mother. B. She prepared for a report. C. She went to a concert.
2. Why did the man leave the company?
A. He didn’t like the office manager.
B. He wasn’t satisfied with the salary.
C. He didn’t enjoy the working environment.
3. What does the woman mean?
A. She doesn’t want to go to Europe.
B. They may not have enough money for the trip.
C. Her time is a little tight for the trip.
4. What does the woman ask the boy to do?
A. Make some orange juice. B. Have a rest on the bed. C. Go to see a doctor now.
5. Where does the conversation most probably take place?
A. At a clothing shop. B. At a tailor’s shop. C. At a barber’s shop.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
请听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What does the man think of painting?
A. Hard. B. Tiring. C. Enjoyable.
7. What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. The man’s hobby. B. An art class. C. A painting.
请听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. Where is the woman now?
A. In the U.K. B. In China. C. In France.
9. What did the woman do in France?
A. She sold clothes. B. She worked as a manager. C. She taught children English.
10. What will the man do next week?
A. Work abroad. B. Reply to the woman. C. Set up a branch office.
请听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. What does the man want to buy?
A. Beds. B. Chairs. C. Tables.
12. Why doesn’t the man like the white one?
A. Its color is unsuitable. B. It’s very expensive. C. It’s uncomfortable.
13. How does the man pay?
A. In cash. B. By credit card. C. By check.
请听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。
14. What does the man think of writing?
A. It is no longer as exciting as before.
B. It is more difficult to do these days.
C. It gives away his personal information.
15. What happens to writers as they get older and famous?
A. They find it hard to accept criticism.
B. They are less sure about their works.
C. Publishers are less likely to criticize them.
16. Why were only two stories of the man filmed?
A. The other stories are unsuccessful.
B. He hates making a film.
C. It needs much teamwork.
请听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. Why did the speaker take the sailing to the North Pole?
A. He was inspired by some friends.
B. He was crazy about adventure.
C. He was encouraged by a book.
18. What is the biggest difference between sailing on the Arctic seas and normal seas?
A. The temperature is changeable there.
B. One should have three layers of clothing.
C. Help can’t be expected in case of danger.
19. What happened to the speaker on the way to the North Pole?
A. He was attacked by a polar bear.
B He caught sight of whales.
C. His boat broke down a few times.
20. What does the speaker think of the trip?
A. Rewarding. B. Unlucky. C. Boring.
第二部分 阅读理解 (共两节，满分50分)
第一节 (共15小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Vanuatu is an island nation in the South Pacific. It is also one of the smallest countries in the world. But for those interested in adventure and sport, there is a lot to do. Vanuatu’s islands offer visitors two of the most exciting and dangerous activities in the world: volcano surfing and land diving.
Volcano Surfing
On Tanna Island, Mount Yasur rises 300 meters into the sky. It is known as the Lighthouse of the Pacific Ocean because of its regular eruptions (爆发) for hundreds of years. For centuries, both island locals and visitors have climbed this mountain to visit the top. Some visitors find Yasur terrifying; others captivating. Photographers are beside themselves at the opportunity to make amazing artwork from such a special point. Recently, people have also started climbing Yasur to surf the volcano.
Volcano surfing is considered as an extreme sport and there are not many practicing it. A volcano surfer’s goal is to escape the erupting volcano - without getting hit by flying rocks! Riders hike up the volcano and slide down, sitting or standing, on a thin plywood or metal board.
Land Diving
Most people are familiar with bungee jumping, but did you know bungee jumping started on Pentecost Island in Vanuatu and is almost fifteen centuries old? The original activity, called land diving, is part of a religious ceremony. A man ties tree vines (藤) to his legs. He then jumps head-first from a high tower. It originated as a rite (仪式) for young men trying to prove their manhood. The idea is to jump from as high as possible, and to land as close to the ground as possible. It is also a harvest rite. The islanders believe the higher the jumpers dive, the higher the crops will grow.
1. Which of the following can be learned from the passage?
A. Mount Yasur is a light tower on the Pacific Ocean.
B. The history of volcano surfing dates back centuries.
C. Land diving came to Vanuatu from another country.
D. Bungee jumping grew out of land diving.
2. The underlined word “captivating” is closest in meaning to ________.
A. depressing B. disappointing C. charming D. relieving
3. Which of the following could be the best title of this passage?
A. Untouched Beauty: VANUATU B. Extreme Destination: VANUATU
C. Volcano Adventure : VANUATU D. Preserved Culture: VANUATU
【答案】1. D 2. C 3. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了 瓦努阿图岛屿为游客提供的世界上最刺激和最危险的两项活动：火山冲浪和陆地潜水。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Most people are familiar with bungee jumping, but did you know bungee jumping started on Pentecost Island in Vanuatu and is almost fifteen centuries old? The original activity, called land diving, is part of a religious ceremony. (大多数人都熟悉蹦极，但你知道蹦极起源于瓦努阿图的五旬节岛，已经有将近1500年的历史了吗？最初的活动被称为陆地潜水，是宗教仪式的一部分)”可知，蹦极是从陆地潜水发展而来的。故选D。
【2题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段中的“Some visitors find Yasur terrifying; others captivating. Photographers are beside themselves at the opportunity to make amazing artwork from such a special point. (一些游客觉得亚苏尔很可怕；而其他游客认为它是captivating。摄影师们为从这样一个特殊的角度拍摄令人惊叹的艺术作品而欣喜若狂)”可知，“terrifying”和“captivating”为对比关系，且摄影师们因为拍摄令人惊叹的艺术作品而欣喜若狂，所以其他游客认为这里是很迷人的。由此推知，划线词captivating与charming(令人着迷的)意思接近。故选C。
【3题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“But for those interested in adventure and sport, there is a lot to do. Vanuatu’s islands offer visitors two of the most exciting and dangerous activities in the world: volcano surfing and land diving. (但是对于那些对冒险和运动感兴趣的人来说，有很多事情可以做。瓦努阿图的岛屿为游客提供了世界上最刺激和最危险的两项活动：火山冲浪和陆地潜水)”可知，文章主要介绍瓦努阿图的岛屿为那些对冒险和运动感兴趣的人提供的活动。由此可知，Volcano Adventure : VANUATU(火山探险：瓦努阿图)适合作本文最佳标题。故选C。
B
Jacob hated finishing things almost as much as he loved starting them. As a result, he had gotten into a million hobbies and activities, but he never stuck with any of them long enough to get any good.
He begged his mother for months for a guitar so that he could play songs to Angie, a girl he liked, but after he finally got one for Christmas, he found out that guitars didn’t play themselves. He took a few lessons, but the strings hurt his fingers, so now the five-hundred dollar guitar lives under his bed.
After reading an ad in the back of one of his comic books, Jacob decided that he wanted a metal detector (探测器), so that he could find buried treasure. By the time spring came he had saved $200 and purchased the metal detector. He beeped it around the park for a while, but soon found out that no one had ever left any treasure in his neighborhood. He buried the metal detector in his closest.
Given Jacob’s history with hobbies, it was no surprise that Jacob’s father was unwilling to buy him a magician’s kit (魔术包) for his birthday. “Dad, this time I’ll stick with it for real. I promise!” Jacob begged. Jacob’s father sighed. But he was reminded of his own youth long ago, when he quit football and started boxing practice before hardly getting his equipment dirty. So when Jacob’s birthday came around, he was both surprised and pleased to find the magician’s kit that he had desired so badly. As Jacob continued pulling plastic thumbs and giant playing cards out of the kit, an ad on the TV caught his attention.
“Hey kids! Have you ever wanted to go to space? For only $195 you can go to space camp and live life like an astronaut for a whole weekend!” As the ad continued playing, Jacob walked away from the magic kit and stared at the TV screen eagerly. Jacob’s cry rang throughout the house as he yelled, “MOM!” He now knew what his true purpose in life was.
4. Why did Jacob stop playing the guitar?
A. It was too expensive. B. He disliked the lessons.
C. It hurt his fingers. D. He became interested in comic books.
5. Jacob’s father decided to buy him the magician’s kit because ________.
A. Jacob reminded his father of himself B. Jacob’s birthday was coming
C. Jacob quit many expensive activities D. Jacob insisted on having it
6. Which of the following is Jacob most likely to do next based on the end of the story?
A. Become a great magician. B. Raise money to go to space camp.
C. Detect an incredible hidden treasure. D. Learn to play guitar well.
7. What can be learned about Jacob according to the passage?
A He was determined in pursuing his dreams. B. He finally found his true purpose in life.
C. He has always wanted to be a magician. D. He never stuck with anything for long.
【答案】4. C 5. A 6. B 7. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Jacob是一个喜新厌旧的孩子，他有很多爱好，从吉他到金属探测仪，到魔术工具包再到太空旅行，但是没有一个爱好他能坚持下来。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“He took a few lessons, but the strings hurt his fingers, so now the five-hundred dollar guitar lives under his bed.(他上了几节课，但琴弦弄伤了他的手指，所以现在这把价值五百美元的吉他就放在他的床底下。)”可知，Jacob不再弹吉他的原因是琴弦伤了他的手指，故选C。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“But he was reminded of his own youth long ago, when he quit football and started boxing practice before hardly getting his equipment dirty. So when Jacob’s birthday came around, he was both surprised and pleased to find the magician’s kit that he had desired so badly(但是他想起了很久以前自己的青年时代，当时他放弃了足球，开始练拳击，几乎没有把他的装备弄脏。因此，当雅各布的生日来临时，他既惊讶又高兴地发现了他渴望很久的魔术师工具箱)”可知，Jacob的爸爸决定给Jacob买魔术师工具箱是因为Jacob让父亲想起了自己的经历，故选A。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段““Hey kids! Have you ever wanted to go to space? For only $195 you can go to space camp and live life like an astronaut for a whole weekend!” As the ad continued playing, Jacob walked away from the magic kit and stared at the TV screen eagerly. Jacob’s cry rang throughout the house as he yelled, “MOM!” He now knew what his true purpose in life was.(“嘿，孩子们！你想过去太空吗？只要195美元，你就可以去参加太空夏令营，像宇航员一样度过整个周末！”当广告继续播放时，雅各布从魔术工具箱旁走开，热切地盯着电视屏幕。雅各布的喊声响彻整个房子，他喊道: “妈妈！”他现在知道他人生的真正目的是什么了。)”可知，根据故事的结尾，Jacob下一步最有可能筹集钱去太空营，故选B。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“As a result, he had gotten into a million hobbies and activities, but he never stuck with any of them long enough to get any good.(结果，他有了无数的兴趣爱好和活动，但是他从来没有坚持足够长的时间，以至于没有获得任何好处。)”可推知，Jacob对任何事都不会坚持太久。故选D。
C
This fall, students at the University of Massachusetts found a new menu at their canteens: the “diet for a cooler planet” menu. This meant herb-roasted lamb, raised with a carbon-friendly approach. It included sweet potatoes that had been picked from a local farm’s field. The options were plant-heavy, locally grown, and involved little or no packaging.
“We wanted to let students participate in climate action by making choices about their food,” says Kathy Wicks, sustainability director for UMass Dining. The university is not alone in this effort. Increasingly, American consumers and institutions are thinking about how their food choices impact climate change. For many, small choices at the grocery store and restaurant can be more accessible than big-ticket options like buying a fuel-efficient car.
Small changes in eating habits may make a big difference. Studies point to the food system as a significant cause of global warming. According to Project Drawdown, a research organization that evaluates climate solutions, the way food is grown, transported, and consumed accounts for about 1/4 of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions (排放). Beef is a regular target. “If, on average, Americans cut 1/4 pound of beef per week from their diet, it’s like taking 10 million cars off the road a year,” says Sujatha Bergen, director of health campaigns for the Natural Resources Defense Council. Food waste ranks third among climate solutions. While much waste occurs before consumers are involved, Americans also throw out a lot of food they have purchased: about $1,600 worth a year per family of four.
“People are beginning to understand that their food choices have a big impact on climate,” says Megan Larmer, director of regional food at the Glynwood Center for Regional Food and Farming in New York. But she adds that substantial change will need to come from the whole food system.
8. What is the purpose of the new menu at the University of Massachusetts?
A. To market the cold dishes. B. To reduce the cost of packaging.
C. To raise low carbon awareness. D. To popularize the plant-heavy diet.
9. What can be inferred from Paragraph 2?
A. Food choices matter much to global warming.
B. Food is a decisive factor for climate change.
C. Universities are working together in climate action.
D. Fuel-efficient cars are not affordable for consumers.
10. What does Sujatha Bergen say about beef?
A. It plays a significant role in American’s diet. B. It is popular among millions of car drivers.
C. It has no relationship with gas emission. D. It has great influence on carbon reduction.
11. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A. Food System Reform: A Successful Trial B. Low Carbon Diet: A trend, or More?
C. Carbon Emission: A Killer, or Healer? D. Global Warming: An Approaching Danger
【答案】8. C 9. A 10. D 11. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们可以通过选择低碳食物对气候变化做出贡献。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“This fall, students at the University of Massachusetts found a new menu at their canteens: the “diet for a cooler planet” menu. This meant herb-roasted lamb, raised with a carbon-friendly approach. It included sweet potatoes that had been picked from a local farm’s field. The options were plant-heavy, locally grown, and involved little or no packaging.(今年秋天，马萨诸塞大学的学生们在他们的食堂里发现了一份新菜单:“为了更凉爽的星球的饮食”菜单。这意味着香草烤羊肉，以碳友好的方式饲养。其中包括从当地农场采摘的甘薯。选择是植物重，当地种植，并涉及很少或没有包装。)”和第二段中““We wanted to let students participate in climate action by making choices about their food,” says Kathy Wicks, sustainability director for UMass Dining. (“我们想让学生通过选择食物来参与气候行动,”马萨诸塞大学餐饮部可持续发展主管凯西•威克斯（Kathy Wicks）表示。)”可知，马萨诸塞大学推出新菜单的目的是提高学生的低碳生活意识，故选C。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“Increasingly, American consumers and institutions are thinking about how their food choices impact climate change. For many, small choices at the grocery store and restaurant can be more accessible than big-ticket options like buying a fuel-efficient car.(越来越多的美国消费者和机构正在思考他们的食物选择如何影响气候变化。对于许多人来说，在杂货店和餐馆做出的小选择比买节能汽车这样的高价选择更容易获得。)”可知，食物选择影响气候变化，比起节能汽车等昂贵的物品来说，食物选择是人们更容易做到的，由此可推知，食物选择对全球变暖意义重大。故选A。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中Sujatha Bergen说的话“If, on average, Americans cut 1/4 pound of beef per week from their diet, it’s like taking 10 million cars off the road a year(如果美国人平均每周从饮食中减少1/4磅牛肉，那就相当于每年减少1000万辆汽车)”可知，牛肉对减少碳排放量有很大的影响。故选D。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第三段中“Small changes in eating habits may make a big difference. Studies point to the food system as a significant cause of global warming.(饮食习惯的微小改变可能会带来很大的不同。研究指出，食物系统是全球变暖的一个重要原因。)”和最后一段中“People are beginning to understand that their food choices have a big impact on climate(人们开始明白，他们的食物选择对气候有很大的影响)”可知，文章主要介绍了人们可以通过选择低碳食物对气候变化做出贡献。B项“低碳饮食: 是趋势，还是更多？”适合做文章标题，故选B。
D
During the most worldwide pandemic (流行病) in a century, it’s time to take a closer look at what may result in loneliness. “A common belief is that the loneliest people are those who are alone; actually, it’s important to separate the two.” said Dr. Perissinotto, a professor at the University of California. “Kids with their families can be lonely because they can’t see the friends at school; people who are not physically isolated can feel lonely because the community doesn’t welcome them in; and older adults can experience loneliness through death of a loved one.” What leads to loneliness is much deeper than being alone.
With the pandemic exacerbating loneliness issues, an increasing number of health professionals are concerned about the mental and physical health risks associated with loneliness. That’s why it’s time to look more closely at what we can do about loneliness.
“When it comes to fighting loneliness, the key is not looking at circumstances and assuming what feelings should be associated with it, but actually asking yourself if you are lonely,” Perissinotto said. “If your solitude (独处) is a choice and you have people who can support you if you need help, there is no saying you can’t live a happy life.” And just as solitude doesn’t necessarily equal loneliness, interaction doesn’t mean fulfillment (成就感) for everyone, according to Hawkley, a professor at the University of Chicago.
Hawkley divides connections into three primary types and holds that loneliness may result from a lack of any of them. “The first type happens when someone like a spouse (配偶) is so close to you that part of your identity becomes closely connected with his or hers. Then there is the second type, which you establish with your close friends, as well as the third type — those interactions that make you feel part of a community.”
It is suggested that one should recognize what kind of loss of connection his loneliness is coming from and then evaluate the quality of his various relationships. recognizing the kind of connection that one is eager for and the quality of the relationships he already has are important first steps but where one goes from there depends entirely on his specific circumstance.
12. The underlined word “exacerbating” in paragraph 2 most probably means ________.
A. confusing B. exploring C. worsening D. solving
13. According to the passage, Perissinotto probably agrees that ________.
A. people who live alone are much more likely to feel lonely
B. those choosing to be alone do not necessarily feel unhappy
C. asking someone if he’s lonely doesn’t help fight loneliness
D. death of loved ones is the main cause of people’s loneliness
14. What can we conclude from the last two paragraphs?
A. There’re no obvious connections among three different types of loneliness.
B. Hawkley holds that people lacking one of the three connections feel lonely.
C. The quality of one’s relationships is as important as his specific circumstance.
D. Recognizing one’s missing connection is helpful in dealing with loneliness.
15. What is the passage mainly about?
A. Causes of loneliness and ways to deal with it.
B. Differences between being alone and lonely.
C. Effects of a pandemic on people’s way of keeping connected.
D. Reasons for people’s loneliness and importance of fighting it.
【答案】12. C 13. B 14. D 15. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章强调了在疫情期间对于孤独研究的重要性，并介绍了研究结果，提出了应对建议。
【12题详解】
词句猜测题。划线词句后半部分“an increasing number of health professionals are concerned about the mental and physical health risks associated with loneliness. (越来越多的卫生专业人员担心与孤独相关的心理和身体健康风险)”说明关注孤独造成的身心健康问题的专业人员越来越多，说明孤独问题更加严重了，从而推知划线部分“With the pandemic exacerbating loneliness issues (随着疫情exacerbating孤独问题)”故其中划线词汇应为“使更严重”的意思，选项C“使变得更糟糕”与之意义最为接近。故选C。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中Perissinotto所说“If your solitude (独处) is a choice and you have people who can support you if you need help, there is no saying you can’t live a happy life. (如果你选择独处，当你需要帮助的时候有人会支持你，没有人说你就不能过上快乐的生活)”可知，Perissinotto认为选择独处的人不一定会感到不快乐。故选B。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Hawkley divides connections into three primary types and holds that loneliness can stem from the sensing of a lack of any of them. (Hawkley将联系分为三种主要类型，并认为孤独可能源于感觉缺少某种联系)”以及最后一段中“It is suggested that one identify what kind of loss of connection his loneliness is coming from and then evaluate the quality of his various relationships.(建议一个人确定他的孤独来自于什么样的联系缺失，然后评估他的各种关系的质量)”等可知，认识到自己缺失的联系有助于应对孤独。故选D。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“During the most worldwide pandemic (流行病) in a century, it’s time to take a closer look at what may result in loneliness. “A common belief is that the loneliest people are those who are alone; actually, it’s important to separate the two.” said Dr. Perissinotto, a professor at the University of California. “Kids with their families can be lonely because they can’t see the friends at school; people who are not physically isolated can feel lonely because the community doesn’t welcome them in; and older adults can experience loneliness through death of a loved one.” What leads to loneliness is much deeper than being alone.(在一个世纪以来最全球性的疫情期间，是时候仔细看看可能导致孤独的原因了。“人们普遍认为，最孤独的人是那些独身的人；事实上，把两者分开很重要。加州大学教授佩里斯诺托说。“和家人在一起的孩子可能会感到孤独，因为他们在学校看不到朋友；那些没有被隔离的人会感到孤独，因为社区不欢迎他们加入；老年人会因为爱人的去世而感到孤独。”导致孤独的原因比独自一人更深)”结合文章强调了在疫情期间对于孤独的研究的重要性，并介绍了研究结果，提出了应对建议。可知，这篇文章主要讲的是孤独的原因和应对方法。故选A。
第二节 (共5小题; 每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
If you’ve ever been bitten by a mosquito, you know how frustrating their bites can be. ____16____, creating an itch (痒) that seems to get worse once you start scratching (挠). Why does a mosquito bite itch and what can we do?
Why does a mosquito bite itch?
When a mosquito bites you, it pierces the skin using a special mouthpart to suck up blood and injects saliva (唾液) into your skin. Mosquitoes’ saliva has lots of proteins in it, some of which our body recognizes as foreign, and our immune cells take action to fight them. ____17____. It’s actually the body’s response to the foreign mosquito protein it is trying to fight.
What helps resist the urge to scratch?
“Don’t scratch” is the advice that most experts and health professionals give. As hard and sometimes unrealistic as it can sound, scratching inflames (发炎) the skin, and the inflammation makes the skin itch more. “____18____,” warned Daniel Markowski, technical adviser for the American Mosquito Control Association, adding that in extreme cases, people can scar (留疤痕) themselves.
Instead, there are dozens of creams and sprays that promise itch relief as well as home remedy (疗法). Choose what’s right for you can be trial and error. In general, all of the various anti-itch creams are very similar. There is no scientific evidence that these remedies work, and they can come with their own precautions or side effects. ____19____.
____20____
Some people can have serious allergic reactions to mosquitoes, although in practice it is rare, Vosshall said. If you experience severe symptoms such as breathing trouble, you should seek medical attention immediately.
A. In fact, the best remedy to fight the itch is to prevent a bite in the first place.
B. It’s not the bite that causes the itch.
C. What to do with a mosquito bite?
D. When to seek medical attention?
E. The more you scratch, the more they itch.
F. The little red bumps swell up (肿起来) almost immediately
G. Scratching can cause secondary infections, thus delaying the recovery.
【答案】16. F 17. B 18. G 19. A 20. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了蚊子叮咬后为什么会感到瘙痒及如何缓解这种感觉。
【16题详解】
根据下文“creating an itch (痒) that seems to get worse once you start scratching (一旦你开始抓挠，就会产生一种似乎更严重的瘙痒)”可知，下文告诉我们如果我们抓挠蚊子叮咬的地方，会造成更严重的瘙痒，F项意为“红色的小肿块几乎立即肿起来”，选项能够引起下文，蚊子叮咬造成的红色的小肿块几乎立即肿起来，然后一旦你开始抓挠，就会产生一种似乎更严重的瘙痒。故选F。
【17题详解】
根据下文“It’s actually the body’s response to the foreign mosquito protein it is trying to fight. (这实际上是身体对它尽力与之战斗的外来蚊子蛋白的反应。)”可知，下文告诉我们瘙痒实际上是身体与外来蚊子蛋白战斗时的反应，B项意为“不是叮咬造成了瘙痒。”选项能够引起下文，不是叮咬本身造成了瘙痒，瘙痒实际上是身体与外来蚊子蛋白战斗时的反应。故选B。
【18题详解】
根据上文“As hard and sometimes unrealistic as it can sound, scratching inflames (发炎) the skin, and the inflammation makes the skin itch more. (听起来很难，有时也不现实，抓挠会使皮肤发炎，而且这种炎症会使皮肤更痒。)”可知，上文告诉我们抓挠会使皮肤发炎，这种炎症会使皮肤更痒，G项意为“抓伤会导致继发感染，从而延缓康复。”选项能够承接上文，介绍的都是抓挠造成的危害，会使皮肤发炎，导致继发感染，从而延缓康复。故选G。
【19题详解】
根据上文“There is no scientific evidence that these remedies work, and they can come with their own precautions or side effects. (没有科学证据表明这些疗法有效，而且它们可能有自己的预防措施或副作用。)”可知，上文告诉我们很多对抗瘙痒的疗法实际上没有用，并且存在副作用，A项意为“事实上，对抗瘙痒的最佳疗法是从一开始就防止咬伤。”选项能够承接上文，很多对抗瘙痒的疗法实际上没有用，事实上，对抗瘙痒的最佳疗法是从一开始就防止咬伤。故选A。
【20题详解】
根据下文“If you experience severe symptoms such as breathing trouble, you should seek medical attention immediately. (如果你出现呼吸困难等严重症状，应立即就医。)”可知，本段内容告诉我们什么时候需要立即就医，D项意为“何时就医？”选项能够概括段落主旨，何时就医？如果你出现呼吸困难等严重症状，应立即就医。故选D。
第三部分 语言运用 (共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共15小题; 每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Last Saturday evening, Mike, who has autism (自闭症), attended a concert with his grandfather, Stephen Mattin at Boston Symphony Hall. As the orchestra (交响乐队) ____21____ playing, they expected to hear polite applause after a brief ____22____.
The music was over and there was no sound, but it suddenly was ____23____ by the “Wow!” heard around the hall. A child’s ____24____ expressed simple, refreshing amazement at the performance. The elder Mattin felt ____25____ and turned to people around them, ____26____ that Mike actually did not ____27____ to make noise and that he has autism and often expresses himself ____28____ from other people.
The moment ____29____ the orchestra so that they released the audio recording of the “Wow!” moment, hoping to _____30_____ the child. Not long after the audio clip (片段) hit the Internet, it became extremely _____31_____, getting thousands of shares across several platforms. Later, David Snead, the president and CEO of the orchestra, gave out his email address, wishing to get a (n) _____32_____ from the parents of the child and _____33_____ them to meet the musician Harry Christophers. It took less than a week for the kid to come forward. His family and the orchestra planned to _____34_____ a date for him to meet the musician.
Mattin expressed his _____35_____ that the society has become more tolerant and understanding of the differences between people.
21. A. practiced B. considered C. finished D. delayed
22. A. account B. appearance C. statement D. silence
23. A. surrounded B. guided C. followed D. warned
24. A. message B. voice C. opinion D. attitude
25. A. annoyed B. astonished C. disappointed D. embarrassed
26. A. explaining B. suggesting C. promising D. supposing
27. A. pretend B. mean C. decide D. learn
28. A. casually B. vividly C. differently D. safely
29. A. touched B. puzzled C. annoyed D. frustrated
30. A. blame B. find C. defend D. adopt
31. A. special B. useful C. important D. popular
32. A. comment B. agreement C. suggestion D. request
33. A. allow B. remind C. invite D. require
34. A. arrange B. delay C. provide D. advocate
35. A. satisfaction B. confidence C. regret D. thanks
【答案】21. C 22. D 23. C 24. B 25. D 26. A 27. B 28. C 29. A 30. B 31. D 32. B 33. C 34. A 35. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了马丁和自己患有自闭症的孙子迈克去看交响乐队演出，演出结束后，迈克不合时宜的发出惊叹声，得知迈克患有自闭症后，乐队没有生气，反而被感动了，邀请迈克与音乐家见面，这样的善举让马丁感动。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当交响乐队演奏完毕时，他们期望在短暂的沉默后听到礼貌的掌声。A. practiced练习；B. considered考虑；C. finished完成；D. delayed延迟。根据句中“they expected to hear polite applause”可知，交响乐队应该是在完成演奏后，才会期待观众的掌声。故选C项。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当交响乐队演奏完毕时，他们期望在短暂的沉默后听到礼貌的掌声。A. account账户；B. appearance外貌；C. statement陈述；D. silence沉默。根据句中“they expected to hear polite applause”和下文“The music was over and there was no sound”可知，交响乐队完成演奏后，现场会有短暂的沉默，随即爆发出礼貌的掌声。故选D项。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：音乐结束了，没有声音，但随后突然在大厅里响起了“哇！”的声音。A. surrounded围绕；B. guided指导；C. followed（指时间或顺序）在……后发生，跟随；D. warned警告。根据句中“The music was over and there was no sound”可知，音乐结束后，起初没有声音，但随后突然响起了“哇！”的声音，“followed”意为“（指时间或顺序）在……后发生，跟随”，符合语境。故选C项。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个孩子的声音表达了对表演的简单、令人耳目一新的惊讶。A. message信息；B. voice嗓音，说话声；C. opinion意见；D. attitude态度。根据上文“Wow!”可知，音乐结束后，孩子发出了“哇！”的声音，由此可知，句中指孩子的声音表达了对表演的惊讶。故选B项。
【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：年长的马丁感到尴尬，转身向周围的人解释说，迈克其实并不想制造噪音，他患有自闭症，经常表现得与其他人不同。A. annoyed恼怒的；B. astonished惊讶的；C. disappointed失望的；D. embarrassed尴尬的。根据上文“it suddenly was ___3___ by the ‘Wow!’ heard around the hall”可知，安静的大厅里突然响起了孩子“哇！”的声音，由此可知，这是不礼貌的行为，所以马丁感到尴尬。故选D项。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：年长的马丁感到尴尬，转身向周围的人解释说，迈克其实并不想制造噪音，他患有自闭症，经常表现得与其他人不同。A. explaining解释；B. suggesting建议；C. promising承诺；D. supposing假设。根据句中“he has autism and often expresses himself ___8__ from other people”可知，马丁告诉周围的人迈克患有自闭症，所以表现得与其他人不同，由此可知，他在对迈克不礼貌的行为进行解释。故选A项。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：年长的马丁感到尴尬，转身向周围的人解释说，迈克其实并不想制造噪音，他患有自闭症，经常表现得与其他人不同。A. pretend假装；B. mean本意是，意欲；C. decide决定；D. learn学习。根据句中“he has autism and often expresses himself __8___ from other people”可知，马丁告诉周围的人迈克患有自闭症，所以才会有这样的行为，他其实并不想制造噪音，“mean to do sth.”意为“本意是想要做某事”，符合语境。故选B项。
【28题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：年长的马丁感到尴尬，转身向周围的人解释说，迈克其实并不想制造噪音，他患有自闭症，经常表现得与其他人不同。A. casually偶然地；B. vividly生动地；C. differently不同地；D. safely安全地。根据句中“he has autism”可知，迈克患有自闭症，由此可知，患有自闭症的孩子经常表现得与其他人不同，所以才会发出“哇！”的声音。故选C项。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这一刻感动了交响乐队，因此他们发布了“哇！”这一刻的录音，希望能找到那个孩子。A. touched感动；B. puzzled迷惑；C. annoyed使恼怒；D. frustrated使沮丧。根据下文“His family and the orchestra planned to __14___ a date for him to meet the musician.”可知，交响乐队想给迈克一个见音乐家的机会，由此可知，迈克的行为感动了交响乐队，所以才想给他机会。故选A项。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这一刻感动了交响乐队，因此他们发布了“哇！”这一刻的录音，希望能找到那个孩子。A. blame责备；B. find找到；C. defend防御，保卫；D. adopt采用。根据下文“His family and the orchestra planned to __14___ a date for him to meet the musician.”可知，交响乐队想给迈克一个见音乐家的机会，由此可知，他们希望能找到那个孩子，所以发布了“哇！”这一刻的录音。故选B项。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这段音频片段在互联网上传播不久后，就变得非常流行，在多个平台被分享了成千上万次。A. special特殊的；B. useful有用的；C. important重要的；D. popular受欢迎的，流行的。根据句中“getting thousands of shares across several platforms”可知，音频片段在多个平台被分享了成千上万次，由此可知，音频片段变得非常流行。故选D项。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：后来，乐团主席兼首席执行官大卫·斯内德给出了他的电子邮件地址，希望得到孩子父母的同意，邀请他们见见音乐家哈里·克里斯托弗斯。A. comment评论；B. agreement同意；C. suggestion建议；D. request请求。根据句中“___13__ them to meet the musician Harry Christophers”可知，乐团主席想邀请孩子见音乐家，应该首先得到孩子父母的同意。故选B项。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：后来，乐团主席兼首席执行官大卫·斯内德给出了他的电子邮件地址，希望得到孩子父母的同意，邀请他们见见音乐家哈里·克里斯托弗斯。A. allow允许；B. remind提醒；C. invite邀请；D. require要求。根据下文“His family and the orchestra planned to ___14__ a date for him to meet the musician.”可知，交响乐队想给迈克一个见音乐家的机会，由此可知，乐团主席想要邀请他们见见音乐家。故选C项。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的家人和交响乐队计划为他安排一个与音乐家见面的日期。A. arrange安排；B. delay延迟；C. provide提供；D. advocate提倡。根据上文“___13__ them to meet the musician Harry Christophers”可知，乐团主席想要邀请他们见见音乐家，由此可知，他们会为他安排一个与音乐家见面的日期。故选A项。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：马丁对社会变得更加宽容和理解人与人之间的差异表示感谢。A. satisfaction满意；B. confidence信任；C. regret后悔；D. thanks感谢。根据句中“the society has become more tolerant and understanding of the differences between people”可知，社会对自闭症患者更加宽容和理解，由此可知，作为自闭症患者的家人，马丁对此表示感谢。故选D项。
第二节 (共10小题; 每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
With the wide spread of the deadly COVID-19, the healthcare workers have been working day and night to take care of the ____36____ (infect) patients. Here are the details about International Nurses Day.
International Nurses Day ____37____( celebrate) first in 1965 to honour the nurses all over the world for their ____38____ (commit) to medical health and service, ____39____ (urge) people to show care and respect towards nurses.The day also commemorates Florence Nightingale’s birth - the woman____40____is widely regarded as the founder of modern nursing. Florence Nightingale was born on May 12th, 1820, and served ____41____ a trainer of nurses during the Crimean War. During the War, she ____42____ (manage) to care for wounded soldiers at Constantinople. Her contributions gave nursing a favorable reputation and she became a symbol of Victorian culture, ____43____ (especial) as “The Lady with the Lamp”, because of the touching fact ____44____she usually visited wounded soldiers at night. She was also regarded as _____45_____English reformer of modern nursing. Later, she won the Royal Red Cross award in 1883 and Order of Merit award in 1907.
【答案】36. infected
37. was celebrated
38. commitment
39. urging 40. who##that
41. as 42. managed
43. especially
44. that 45. an
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了国际护士节的来历。
【36题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：随着新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情的广泛传播，医护人员夜以继日地照顾感染患者。名词patients与infect之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词形式作定语。故填infected。
【37题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：国际护士节于1965年首次庆祝，以表彰世界各地的护士对医疗健康和服务的承诺，敦促人们对护士表示关心和尊重。根据句中时间状语in 1965可知，用一般过去时。主语International Nurses Day与celebrate之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was celebrated。
【38题详解】
考查名词。句意：国际护士节于1965年首次庆祝，以表彰世界各地的护士对医疗健康和服务的贡献，敦促人们对护士表示关心和尊重。形容词性物主代词their后接名词形式,且为不可数名词，故填commitment。
【39题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：国际护士节于1965年首次庆祝，以表彰世界各地的护士对医疗健康和服务的贡献，敦促人们对护士表示关心和尊重。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语与urge之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作结果状语。故填urging。
【40题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：这一天也是为了纪念弗洛伦斯·南丁格尔的诞生，她被广泛认为是现代护理学的奠基人。句中先行词为the woman，在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词who或that引导。故填who/that。
【41题详解】
考查介词。句意：弗洛伦斯·南丁格尔生于1820年5月12日，在克里米亚战争期间担任护士培训师。serve as担任。故填as。
【42题详解】
考查时态。句意：战争期间，她设法在君士坦丁堡照顾受伤的士兵。根据时间状语During the War可知，用一般过去时。故填managed。
【43题详解】
考查副词。句意：她的贡献使护理工作获得了良好的声誉，她成为了维多利亚文化的象征，尤其是“拿灯的女人”，因为她经常在晚上看望受伤的士兵。句中用副词作状语，修饰介词短语。故填especially。
【44题详解】
考查名词性从句。句意：她的贡献使护理工作获得了良好的声誉，她成为了维多利亚文化的象征，尤其是“拿灯的女人”，因为她经常在晚上看望受伤的士兵。本句为同位语从句，解释说明名词fact。从句不缺少成分且句意完整，所以用连接代词that引导。故填that。
【45题详解】
考查冠词。句意：她也被认为是英国现代护理的改革家。名词reformer为可数名词，泛指，且English发音以元音音素开头，所以用不定冠词an。故填an。
第四部分 写作 (共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (满分15分)
46. 假如你是李华，疫情得到控制，现在你已经返校上课了。你校要举行演讲。 请你写一篇发言稿,内容包括：
1. 介绍你在家期间学习情况；
2. 说说你最感动的人或事；
3.你对准备期末考试的态度和对结果的愿望。
注意：1. 词数80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：新冠状病毒：the novel coronavirus
Good morning, everyone,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
That’s all. Thank you!
【答案】Good morning, everyone,
As we all know, the epidemic of the novel coronavirus has had a great impact on our study and life. Due to the epidemic, we have to take online classes at home. Fortunately, our school offers different courses for us every day and specially arranges some interesting activities for us, so we don’t feel bored at all. During this period of time, teachers and students greet and care for each other every day, which makes me most moved. After a month of online learning, I believe I am well prepared for the coming final exam.
That’s all. Thank you!
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达是一篇演讲稿，要求考生返校后写一篇发言稿讲述自己疫情期间在家的学习情况、感动的人或事以及对准备期末考试的展望。
【详解】词汇积累
影响：impact→influence
提供：offer→provide
无聊的：bored→dull
为……做好准备：be prepared for =be ready for
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：During this period of time, teachers and students greet and care for each other every day, which makes me most moved.
拓展句：What makes me most moved is that during this period of time, teachers and students greet and care for each other every day.
【点睛】[高分句型1] As we all know, the epidemic of the novel coronavirus has had a great impact on our study and life. (运用了as引导的非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] During this period of time, teachers and students greet and care for each other every day, which makes me most moved. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
第二节 (满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
My 11-year-old daughter, Elizabeth, started to talk about quitting swimming, which broke my heart because she loves swimming. So when the swim season began, I cut a deal with her. She would practice three times a week and try really hard. I wouldn't make her compete in the swim meets. Elizabeth does not like swim meets. She gets horribly nervous but not because she wants to win. She doesn't care if she wins.
Recently, Elizabeth's team announced a special swim night： Members 11 and older would swim a timed 50 meters relay. It wasn't exactly a meet, because it would involve only team members. That was my view. Elizabeth argued that it absolutely was a meet because there would be races. I told Elizabeth I really wanted her to go. She fought back angrily but finally agreed.
When the day of the special swim night arrived Elizabeth was nervous. She was the youngest person and shorter by at least a foot than most of the other kids. She panicked when it was time for the T-shirt relay. The relay works like this： One person from each relay team puts on a T-shirt, a pair of socks» and a swim cap； swims 50 meters; and gets out of the pool. She takes off the clothes and puts them on the next person, who then swims 50 meters. This continues until everyone on the team has completed a lap.
Then it was Elizabeth's turn to swim. She seemed to swim faster in the T-shirt and socks than she did when she wasn't wearing them. Approaching the halfway mark, Elizabeth was in the lead. Suddenly, somebody noticed that one of Elizabeth's socks had fallen off and was floating （漂）in the pool. "She has to get that sock on before the end of the race," a swimming official told Elizabeth's team, “or you will be disqualified.”
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2 ,请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Everybody on her team started screaming “Elizabeth! Get the sock!”
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
On the ride home, she shared her moment of winning again and again.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Everybody on her team started screaming, "Elizabeth！Get the sock!" However, she couldn't hear them．It was time for desperate measures．A girl on my daughter's team jumped in the pool, grabbed the sock, and swam after Elizabeth．"You have to put the sock on," the girl screamed．The girl in lane two was about to pass Elizabeth．With the sock finally on, Elizabeth swam her heart out for the last 15 meters．It was close．But Elizabeth beat the other girl to the wall for the victory.
On the ride home, she shared her moment of winning again and again．She talked about how scared she was when someone grabbed her foot and how funny it was when she came to the finish and how great the night was．She told me that if the T-shirt relay was an Olympic event——and she is quite sure it should be——her team would win the gold medal．I told her that in my professional opinion, she was absolutely right．
【解析】
【分析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者的女儿Elizabeth要参加游泳比赛，赛前很紧张，害怕游不好，但是比赛时，通过和队友的共同努力赢得了比赛。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“团队中的每个人都开始大喊伊丽莎白！ 拿袜子！”可知，第一段可描写她听不见大家的喊叫声，一个女孩跳进水中捡起袜子给她送过去，面临对手超越自己，她穿上袜子想方设法取得了胜利。
②由第二段首句内容“在回家的路上，她一次又一次地分享了自己赢得胜利的时刻。”可知，第二段可描写她回想比赛过程中的激烈竞争，并全力以赴获得团队胜利的经历。作者表示赞同女儿的心态和努力。
2.续写线索：捡袜子——努力——回家——分享成功——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①捡袜子：grab the sock/pick up the socks
②努力：swim her heart out/try her best to swim
③回家：on the ride home/on her way home
情绪类
①害怕：scared/anxious
②喜悦：funny/feel great
【点睛】[高分句型1]With the sock finally on, Elizabeth swam her heart out for the last 15 meters．（with引导复合结构作伴随状语）
[高分句型2]She talked about how scared she was when someone grabbed her foot and how funny it was when she came to the finish and how great the night was．（how引导宾语从句；when引导时间状语从句）
荆州中学2021级高二期末考试
英语试题
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
1. What did the woman do last night?
A. She looked after her mother. B. She prepared for a report. C. She went to a concert.
2. Why did the man leave the company?
A. He didn’t like the office manager.
B. He wasn’t satisfied with the salary.
C. He didn’t enjoy the working environment.
3. What does the woman mean?
A. She doesn’t want to go to Europe.
B. They may not have enough money for the trip.
C. Her time is a little tight for the trip.
4. What does the woman ask the boy to do?
A. Make some orange juice. B. Have a rest on the bed. C. Go to see a doctor now.
5. Where does the conversation most probably take place?
A. At a clothing shop. B. At a tailor’s shop. C. At a barber’s shop.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
请听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What does the man think of painting?
A. Hard. B. Tiring. C. Enjoyable.
7. What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. The man’s hobby. B. An art class. C. A painting.
请听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. Where is the woman now?
A. In the U.K. B. In China. C. In France.
9. What did the woman do in France?
A. She sold clothes. B. She worked as a manager. C. She taught children English.
10. What will the man do next week?
A. Work abroad. B. Reply to the woman. C. Set up a branch office.
请听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. What does the man want to buy?
A. Beds. B. Chairs. C. Tables.
12. Why doesn’t the man like the white one?
A. Its color is unsuitable. B. It’s very expensive. C. It’s uncomfortable.
13. How does the man pay?
A. In cash. B. By credit card. C. By check.
请听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。
14. What does the man think of writing?
A. It is no longer as exciting as before.
B. It is more difficult to do these days.
C. It gives away his personal information.
15. What happens to writers as they get older and famous?
A. They find it hard to accept criticism.
B. They are less sure about their works.
C. Publishers are less likely to criticize them.
16. Why were only two stories of the man filmed?
A. The other stories are unsuccessful.
B. He hates making a film.
C. It needs much teamwork.
请听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. Why did the speaker take the sailing to the North Pole?
A. He was inspired by some friends.
B. He was crazy about adventure.
C. He was encouraged by a book.
18. What is the biggest difference between sailing on the Arctic seas and normal seas?
A. The temperature is changeable there.
B. One should have three layers of clothing.
C. Help can’t be expected in case of danger.
19. What happened to the speaker on the way to the North Pole?
A. He was attacked by a polar bear.
B He caught sight of whales.
C. His boat broke down a few times.
20. What does the speaker think of the trip?
A. Rewarding. B. Unlucky. C. Boring.
第二部分 阅读理解 (共两节，满分50分)
第一节 (共15小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Vanuatu is an island nation in the South Pacific. It is also one of the smallest countries in the world. But for those interested in adventure and sport, there is a lot to do. Vanuatu’s islands offer visitors two of the most exciting and dangerous activities in the world: volcano surfing and land diving.
Volcano Surfing
On Tanna Island, Mount Yasur rises 300 meters into the sky. It is known as the Lighthouse of the Pacific Ocean because of its regular eruptions (爆发) for hundreds of years. For centuries, both island locals and visitors have climbed this mountain to visit the top. Some visitors find Yasur terrifying; others captivating. Photographers are beside themselves at the opportunity to make amazing artwork from such a special point. Recently, people have also started climbing Yasur to surf the volcano.
Volcano surfing is considered as an extreme sport and there are not many practicing it. A volcano surfer’s goal is to escape the erupting volcano - without getting hit by flying rocks! Riders hike up the volcano and slide down, sitting or standing, on a thin plywood or metal board.
Land Diving
Most people are familiar with bungee jumping, but did you know bungee jumping started on Pentecost Island in Vanuatu and is almost fifteen centuries old? The original activity, called land diving, is part of a religious ceremony. A man ties tree vines (藤) to his legs. He then jumps head-first from a high tower. It originated as a rite (仪式) for young men trying to prove their manhood. The idea is to jump from as high as possible, and to land as close to the ground as possible. It is also a harvest rite. The islanders believe the higher the jumpers dive, the higher the crops will grow.
1. Which of the following can be learned from the passage?
A. Mount Yasur is a light tower on the Pacific Ocean.
B. The history of volcano surfing dates back centuries.
C. Land diving came to Vanuatu from another country.
D. Bungee jumping grew out of land diving.
2. The underlined word “captivating” is closest in meaning to ________.
A. depressing B. disappointing C. charming D. relieving
3. Which of the following could be the best title of this passage?
A. Untouched Beauty: VANUATU B. Extreme Destination: VANUATU
C. Volcano Adventure : VANUATU D. Preserved Culture: VANUATU
【答案】1. D 2. C 3. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了 瓦努阿图岛屿为游客提供的世界上最刺激和最危险的两项活动：火山冲浪和陆地潜水。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Most people are familiar with bungee jumping, but did you know bungee jumping started on Pentecost Island in Vanuatu and is almost fifteen centuries old? The original activity, called land diving, is part of a religious ceremony. (大多数人都熟悉蹦极，但你知道蹦极起源于瓦努阿图的五旬节岛，已经有将近1500年的历史了吗？最初的活动被称为陆地潜水，是宗教仪式的一部分)”可知，蹦极是从陆地潜水发展而来的。故选D。
【2题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段中的“Some visitors find Yasur terrifying; others captivating. Photographers are beside themselves at the opportunity to make amazing artwork from such a special point. (一些游客觉得亚苏尔很可怕；而其他游客认为它是captivating。摄影师们为从这样一个特殊的角度拍摄令人惊叹的艺术作品而欣喜若狂)”可知，“terrifying”和“captivating”为对比关系，且摄影师们因为拍摄令人惊叹的艺术作品而欣喜若狂，所以其他游客认为这里是很迷人的。由此推知，划线词captivating与charming(令人着迷的)意思接近。故选C。
【3题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“But for those interested in adventure and sport, there is a lot to do. Vanuatu’s islands offer visitors two of the most exciting and dangerous activities in the world: volcano surfing and land diving. (但是对于那些对冒险和运动感兴趣的人来说，有很多事情可以做。瓦努阿图的岛屿为游客提供了世界上最刺激和最危险的两项活动：火山冲浪和陆地潜水)”可知，文章主要介绍瓦努阿图的岛屿为那些对冒险和运动感兴趣的人提供的活动。由此可知，Volcano Adventure : VANUATU(火山探险：瓦努阿图)适合作本文最佳标题。故选C。
B
Jacob hated finishing things almost as much as he loved starting them. As a result, he had gotten into a million hobbies and activities, but he never stuck with any of them long enough to get any good.
He begged his mother for months for a guitar so that he could play songs to Angie, a girl he liked, but after he finally got one for Christmas, he found out that guitars didn’t play themselves. He took a few lessons, but the strings hurt his fingers, so now the five-hundred dollar guitar lives under his bed.
After reading an ad in the back of one of his comic books, Jacob decided that he wanted a metal detector (探测器), so that he could find buried treasure. By the time spring came he had saved $200 and purchased the metal detector. He beeped it around the park for a while, but soon found out that no one had ever left any treasure in his neighborhood. He buried the metal detector in his closest.
Given Jacob’s history with hobbies, it was no surprise that Jacob’s father was unwilling to buy him a magician’s kit (魔术包) for his birthday. “Dad, this time I’ll stick with it for real. I promise!” Jacob begged. Jacob’s father sighed. But he was reminded of his own youth long ago, when he quit football and started boxing practice before hardly getting his equipment dirty. So when Jacob’s birthday came around, he was both surprised and pleased to find the magician’s kit that he had desired so badly. As Jacob continued pulling plastic thumbs and giant playing cards out of the kit, an ad on the TV caught his attention.
“Hey kids! Have you ever wanted to go to space? For only $195 you can go to space camp and live life like an astronaut for a whole weekend!” As the ad continued playing, Jacob walked away from the magic kit and stared at the TV screen eagerly. Jacob’s cry rang throughout the house as he yelled, “MOM!” He now knew what his true purpose in life was.
4. Why did Jacob stop playing the guitar?
A. It was too expensive. B. He disliked the lessons.
C. It hurt his fingers. D. He became interested in comic books.
5. Jacob’s father decided to buy him the magician’s kit because ________.
A. Jacob reminded his father of himself B. Jacob’s birthday was coming
C. Jacob quit many expensive activities D. Jacob insisted on having it
6. Which of the following is Jacob most likely to do next based on the end of the story?
A. Become a great magician. B. Raise money to go to space camp.
C. Detect an incredible hidden treasure. D. Learn to play guitar well.
7. What can be learned about Jacob according to the passage?
A He was determined in pursuing his dreams. B. He finally found his true purpose in life.
C. He has always wanted to be a magician. D. He never stuck with anything for long.
【答案】4. C 5. A 6. B 7. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Jacob是一个喜新厌旧的孩子，他有很多爱好，从吉他到金属探测仪，到魔术工具包再到太空旅行，但是没有一个爱好他能坚持下来。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“He took a few lessons, but the strings hurt his fingers, so now the five-hundred dollar guitar lives under his bed.(他上了几节课，但琴弦弄伤了他的手指，所以现在这把价值五百美元的吉他就放在他的床底下。)”可知，Jacob不再弹吉他的原因是琴弦伤了他的手指，故选C。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“But he was reminded of his own youth long ago, when he quit football and started boxing practice before hardly getting his equipment dirty. So when Jacob’s birthday came around, he was both surprised and pleased to find the magician’s kit that he had desired so badly(但是他想起了很久以前自己的青年时代，当时他放弃了足球，开始练拳击，几乎没有把他的装备弄脏。因此，当雅各布的生日来临时，他既惊讶又高兴地发现了他渴望很久的魔术师工具箱)”可知，Jacob的爸爸决定给Jacob买魔术师工具箱是因为Jacob让父亲想起了自己的经历，故选A。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段““Hey kids! Have you ever wanted to go to space? For only $195 you can go to space camp and live life like an astronaut for a whole weekend!” As the ad continued playing, Jacob walked away from the magic kit and stared at the TV screen eagerly. Jacob’s cry rang throughout the house as he yelled, “MOM!” He now knew what his true purpose in life was.(“嘿，孩子们！你想过去太空吗？只要195美元，你就可以去参加太空夏令营，像宇航员一样度过整个周末！”当广告继续播放时，雅各布从魔术工具箱旁走开，热切地盯着电视屏幕。雅各布的喊声响彻整个房子，他喊道: “妈妈！”他现在知道他人生的真正目的是什么了。)”可知，根据故事的结尾，Jacob下一步最有可能筹集钱去太空营，故选B。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“As a result, he had gotten into a million hobbies and activities, but he never stuck with any of them long enough to get any good.(结果，他有了无数的兴趣爱好和活动，但是他从来没有坚持足够长的时间，以至于没有获得任何好处。)”可推知，Jacob对任何事都不会坚持太久。故选D。
C
This fall, students at the University of Massachusetts found a new menu at their canteens: the “diet for a cooler planet” menu. This meant herb-roasted lamb, raised with a carbon-friendly approach. It included sweet potatoes that had been picked from a local farm’s field. The options were plant-heavy, locally grown, and involved little or no packaging.
“We wanted to let students participate in climate action by making choices about their food,” says Kathy Wicks, sustainability director for UMass Dining. The university is not alone in this effort. Increasingly, American consumers and institutions are thinking about how their food choices impact climate change. For many, small choices at the grocery store and restaurant can be more accessible than big-ticket options like buying a fuel-efficient car.
Small changes in eating habits may make a big difference. Studies point to the food system as a significant cause of global warming. According to Project Drawdown, a research organization that evaluates climate solutions, the way food is grown, transported, and consumed accounts for about 1/4 of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions (排放). Beef is a regular target. “If, on average, Americans cut 1/4 pound of beef per week from their diet, it’s like taking 10 million cars off the road a year,” says Sujatha Bergen, director of health campaigns for the Natural Resources Defense Council. Food waste ranks third among climate solutions. While much waste occurs before consumers are involved, Americans also throw out a lot of food they have purchased: about $1,600 worth a year per family of four.
“People are beginning to understand that their food choices have a big impact on climate,” says Megan Larmer, director of regional food at the Glynwood Center for Regional Food and Farming in New York. But she adds that substantial change will need to come from the whole food system.
8. What is the purpose of the new menu at the University of Massachusetts?
A. To market the cold dishes. B. To reduce the cost of packaging.
C. To raise low carbon awareness. D. To popularize the plant-heavy diet.
9. What can be inferred from Paragraph 2?
A. Food choices matter much to global warming.
B. Food is a decisive factor for climate change.
C. Universities are working together in climate action.
D. Fuel-efficient cars are not affordable for consumers.
10. What does Sujatha Bergen say about beef?
A. It plays a significant role in American’s diet. B. It is popular among millions of car drivers.
C. It has no relationship with gas emission. D. It has great influence on carbon reduction.
11. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A. Food System Reform: A Successful Trial B. Low Carbon Diet: A trend, or More?
C. Carbon Emission: A Killer, or Healer? D. Global Warming: An Approaching Danger
【答案】8. C 9. A 10. D 11. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们可以通过选择低碳食物对气候变化做出贡献。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“This fall, students at the University of Massachusetts found a new menu at their canteens: the “diet for a cooler planet” menu. This meant herb-roasted lamb, raised with a carbon-friendly approach. It included sweet potatoes that had been picked from a local farm’s field. The options were plant-heavy, locally grown, and involved little or no packaging.(今年秋天，马萨诸塞大学的学生们在他们的食堂里发现了一份新菜单:“为了更凉爽的星球的饮食”菜单。这意味着香草烤羊肉，以碳友好的方式饲养。其中包括从当地农场采摘的甘薯。选择是植物重，当地种植，并涉及很少或没有包装。)”和第二段中““We wanted to let students participate in climate action by making choices about their food,” says Kathy Wicks, sustainability director for UMass Dining. (“我们想让学生通过选择食物来参与气候行动,”马萨诸塞大学餐饮部可持续发展主管凯西•威克斯（Kathy Wicks）表示。)”可知，马萨诸塞大学推出新菜单的目的是提高学生的低碳生活意识，故选C。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“Increasingly, American consumers and institutions are thinking about how their food choices impact climate change. For many, small choices at the grocery store and restaurant can be more accessible than big-ticket options like buying a fuel-efficient car.(越来越多的美国消费者和机构正在思考他们的食物选择如何影响气候变化。对于许多人来说，在杂货店和餐馆做出的小选择比买节能汽车这样的高价选择更容易获得。)”可知，食物选择影响气候变化，比起节能汽车等昂贵的物品来说，食物选择是人们更容易做到的，由此可推知，食物选择对全球变暖意义重大。故选A。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中Sujatha Bergen说的话“If, on average, Americans cut 1/4 pound of beef per week from their diet, it’s like taking 10 million cars off the road a year(如果美国人平均每周从饮食中减少1/4磅牛肉，那就相当于每年减少1000万辆汽车)”可知，牛肉对减少碳排放量有很大的影响。故选D。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第三段中“Small changes in eating habits may make a big difference. Studies point to the food system as a significant cause of global warming.(饮食习惯的微小改变可能会带来很大的不同。研究指出，食物系统是全球变暖的一个重要原因。)”和最后一段中“People are beginning to understand that their food choices have a big impact on climate(人们开始明白，他们的食物选择对气候有很大的影响)”可知，文章主要介绍了人们可以通过选择低碳食物对气候变化做出贡献。B项“低碳饮食: 是趋势，还是更多？”适合做文章标题，故选B。
D
During the most worldwide pandemic (流行病) in a century, it’s time to take a closer look at what may result in loneliness. “A common belief is that the loneliest people are those who are alone; actually, it’s important to separate the two.” said Dr. Perissinotto, a professor at the University of California. “Kids with their families can be lonely because they can’t see the friends at school; people who are not physically isolated can feel lonely because the community doesn’t welcome them in; and older adults can experience loneliness through death of a loved one.” What leads to loneliness is much deeper than being alone.
With the pandemic exacerbating loneliness issues, an increasing number of health professionals are concerned about the mental and physical health risks associated with loneliness. That’s why it’s time to look more closely at what we can do about loneliness.
“When it comes to fighting loneliness, the key is not looking at circumstances and assuming what feelings should be associated with it, but actually asking yourself if you are lonely,” Perissinotto said. “If your solitude (独处) is a choice and you have people who can support you if you need help, there is no saying you can’t live a happy life.” And just as solitude doesn’t necessarily equal loneliness, interaction doesn’t mean fulfillment (成就感) for everyone, according to Hawkley, a professor at the University of Chicago.
Hawkley divides connections into three primary types and holds that loneliness may result from a lack of any of them. “The first type happens when someone like a spouse (配偶) is so close to you that part of your identity becomes closely connected with his or hers. Then there is the second type, which you establish with your close friends, as well as the third type — those interactions that make you feel part of a community.”
It is suggested that one should recognize what kind of loss of connection his loneliness is coming from and then evaluate the quality of his various relationships. recognizing the kind of connection that one is eager for and the quality of the relationships he already has are important first steps but where one goes from there depends entirely on his specific circumstance.
12. The underlined word “exacerbating” in paragraph 2 most probably means ________.
A. confusing B. exploring C. worsening D. solving
13. According to the passage, Perissinotto probably agrees that ________.
A. people who live alone are much more likely to feel lonely
B. those choosing to be alone do not necessarily feel unhappy
C. asking someone if he’s lonely doesn’t help fight loneliness
D. death of loved ones is the main cause of people’s loneliness
14. What can we conclude from the last two paragraphs?
A. There’re no obvious connections among three different types of loneliness.
B. Hawkley holds that people lacking one of the three connections feel lonely.
C. The quality of one’s relationships is as important as his specific circumstance.
D. Recognizing one’s missing connection is helpful in dealing with loneliness.
15. What is the passage mainly about?
A. Causes of loneliness and ways to deal with it.
B. Differences between being alone and lonely.
C. Effects of a pandemic on people’s way of keeping connected.
D. Reasons for people’s loneliness and importance of fighting it.
【答案】12. C 13. B 14. D 15. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章强调了在疫情期间对于孤独研究的重要性，并介绍了研究结果，提出了应对建议。
【12题详解】
词句猜测题。划线词句后半部分“an increasing number of health professionals are concerned about the mental and physical health risks associated with loneliness. (越来越多的卫生专业人员担心与孤独相关的心理和身体健康风险)”说明关注孤独造成的身心健康问题的专业人员越来越多，说明孤独问题更加严重了，从而推知划线部分“With the pandemic exacerbating loneliness issues (随着疫情exacerbating孤独问题)”故其中划线词汇应为“使更严重”的意思，选项C“使变得更糟糕”与之意义最为接近。故选C。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中Perissinotto所说“If your solitude (独处) is a choice and you have people who can support you if you need help, there is no saying you can’t live a happy life. (如果你选择独处，当你需要帮助的时候有人会支持你，没有人说你就不能过上快乐的生活)”可知，Perissinotto认为选择独处的人不一定会感到不快乐。故选B。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Hawkley divides connections into three primary types and holds that loneliness can stem from the sensing of a lack of any of them. (Hawkley将联系分为三种主要类型，并认为孤独可能源于感觉缺少某种联系)”以及最后一段中“It is suggested that one identify what kind of loss of connection his loneliness is coming from and then evaluate the quality of his various relationships.(建议一个人确定他的孤独来自于什么样的联系缺失，然后评估他的各种关系的质量)”等可知，认识到自己缺失的联系有助于应对孤独。故选D。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“During the most worldwide pandemic (流行病) in a century, it’s time to take a closer look at what may result in loneliness. “A common belief is that the loneliest people are those who are alone; actually, it’s important to separate the two.” said Dr. Perissinotto, a professor at the University of California. “Kids with their families can be lonely because they can’t see the friends at school; people who are not physically isolated can feel lonely because the community doesn’t welcome them in; and older adults can experience loneliness through death of a loved one.” What leads to loneliness is much deeper than being alone.(在一个世纪以来最全球性的疫情期间，是时候仔细看看可能导致孤独的原因了。“人们普遍认为，最孤独的人是那些独身的人；事实上，把两者分开很重要。加州大学教授佩里斯诺托说。“和家人在一起的孩子可能会感到孤独，因为他们在学校看不到朋友；那些没有被隔离的人会感到孤独，因为社区不欢迎他们加入；老年人会因为爱人的去世而感到孤独。”导致孤独的原因比独自一人更深)”结合文章强调了在疫情期间对于孤独的研究的重要性，并介绍了研究结果，提出了应对建议。可知，这篇文章主要讲的是孤独的原因和应对方法。故选A。
第二节 (共5小题; 每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
If you’ve ever been bitten by a mosquito, you know how frustrating their bites can be. ____16____, creating an itch (痒) that seems to get worse once you start scratching (挠). Why does a mosquito bite itch and what can we do?
Why does a mosquito bite itch?
When a mosquito bites you, it pierces the skin using a special mouthpart to suck up blood and injects saliva (唾液) into your skin. Mosquitoes’ saliva has lots of proteins in it, some of which our body recognizes as foreign, and our immune cells take action to fight them. ____17____. It’s actually the body’s response to the foreign mosquito protein it is trying to fight.
What helps resist the urge to scratch?
“Don’t scratch” is the advice that most experts and health professionals give. As hard and sometimes unrealistic as it can sound, scratching inflames (发炎) the skin, and the inflammation makes the skin itch more. “____18____,” warned Daniel Markowski, technical adviser for the American Mosquito Control Association, adding that in extreme cases, people can scar (留疤痕) themselves.
Instead, there are dozens of creams and sprays that promise itch relief as well as home remedy (疗法). Choose what’s right for you can be trial and error. In general, all of the various anti-itch creams are very similar. There is no scientific evidence that these remedies work, and they can come with their own precautions or side effects. ____19____.
____20____
Some people can have serious allergic reactions to mosquitoes, although in practice it is rare, Vosshall said. If you experience severe symptoms such as breathing trouble, you should seek medical attention immediately.
A. In fact, the best remedy to fight the itch is to prevent a bite in the first place.
B. It’s not the bite that causes the itch.
C. What to do with a mosquito bite?
D. When to seek medical attention?
E. The more you scratch, the more they itch.
F. The little red bumps swell up (肿起来) almost immediately
G. Scratching can cause secondary infections, thus delaying the recovery.
【答案】16. F 17. B 18. G 19. A 20. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了蚊子叮咬后为什么会感到瘙痒及如何缓解这种感觉。
【16题详解】
根据下文“creating an itch (痒) that seems to get worse once you start scratching (一旦你开始抓挠，就会产生一种似乎更严重的瘙痒)”可知，下文告诉我们如果我们抓挠蚊子叮咬的地方，会造成更严重的瘙痒，F项意为“红色的小肿块几乎立即肿起来”，选项能够引起下文，蚊子叮咬造成的红色的小肿块几乎立即肿起来，然后一旦你开始抓挠，就会产生一种似乎更严重的瘙痒。故选F。
【17题详解】
根据下文“It’s actually the body’s response to the foreign mosquito protein it is trying to fight. (这实际上是身体对它尽力与之战斗的外来蚊子蛋白的反应。)”可知，下文告诉我们瘙痒实际上是身体与外来蚊子蛋白战斗时的反应，B项意为“不是叮咬造成了瘙痒。”选项能够引起下文，不是叮咬本身造成了瘙痒，瘙痒实际上是身体与外来蚊子蛋白战斗时的反应。故选B。
【18题详解】
根据上文“As hard and sometimes unrealistic as it can sound, scratching inflames (发炎) the skin, and the inflammation makes the skin itch more. (听起来很难，有时也不现实，抓挠会使皮肤发炎，而且这种炎症会使皮肤更痒。)”可知，上文告诉我们抓挠会使皮肤发炎，这种炎症会使皮肤更痒，G项意为“抓伤会导致继发感染，从而延缓康复。”选项能够承接上文，介绍的都是抓挠造成的危害，会使皮肤发炎，导致继发感染，从而延缓康复。故选G。
【19题详解】
根据上文“There is no scientific evidence that these remedies work, and they can come with their own precautions or side effects. (没有科学证据表明这些疗法有效，而且它们可能有自己的预防措施或副作用。)”可知，上文告诉我们很多对抗瘙痒的疗法实际上没有用，并且存在副作用，A项意为“事实上，对抗瘙痒的最佳疗法是从一开始就防止咬伤。”选项能够承接上文，很多对抗瘙痒的疗法实际上没有用，事实上，对抗瘙痒的最佳疗法是从一开始就防止咬伤。故选A。
【20题详解】
根据下文“If you experience severe symptoms such as breathing trouble, you should seek medical attention immediately. (如果你出现呼吸困难等严重症状，应立即就医。)”可知，本段内容告诉我们什么时候需要立即就医，D项意为“何时就医？”选项能够概括段落主旨，何时就医？如果你出现呼吸困难等严重症状，应立即就医。故选D。
第三部分 语言运用 (共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共15小题; 每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Last Saturday evening, Mike, who has autism (自闭症), attended a concert with his grandfather, Stephen Mattin at Boston Symphony Hall. As the orchestra (交响乐队) ____21____ playing, they expected to hear polite applause after a brief ____22____.
The music was over and there was no sound, but it suddenly was ____23____ by the “Wow!” heard around the hall. A child’s ____24____ expressed simple, refreshing amazement at the performance. The elder Mattin felt ____25____ and turned to people around them, ____26____ that Mike actually did not ____27____ to make noise and that he has autism and often expresses himself ____28____ from other people.
The moment ____29____ the orchestra so that they released the audio recording of the “Wow!” moment, hoping to _____30_____ the child. Not long after the audio clip (片段) hit the Internet, it became extremely _____31_____, getting thousands of shares across several platforms. Later, David Snead, the president and CEO of the orchestra, gave out his email address, wishing to get a (n) _____32_____ from the parents of the child and _____33_____ them to meet the musician Harry Christophers. It took less than a week for the kid to come forward. His family and the orchestra planned to _____34_____ a date for him to meet the musician.
Mattin expressed his _____35_____ that the society has become more tolerant and understanding of the differences between people.
21. A. practiced B. considered C. finished D. delayed
22. A. account B. appearance C. statement D. silence
23. A. surrounded B. guided C. followed D. warned
24. A. message B. voice C. opinion D. attitude
25. A. annoyed B. astonished C. disappointed D. embarrassed
26. A. explaining B. suggesting C. promising D. supposing
27. A. pretend B. mean C. decide D. learn
28. A. casually B. vividly C. differently D. safely
29. A. touched B. puzzled C. annoyed D. frustrated
30. A. blame B. find C. defend D. adopt
31. A. special B. useful C. important D. popular
32. A. comment B. agreement C. suggestion D. request
33. A. allow B. remind C. invite D. require
34. A. arrange B. delay C. provide D. advocate
35. A. satisfaction B. confidence C. regret D. thanks
【答案】21. C 22. D 23. C 24. B 25. D 26. A 27. B 28. C 29. A 30. B 31. D 32. B 33. C 34. A 35. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了马丁和自己患有自闭症的孙子迈克去看交响乐队演出，演出结束后，迈克不合时宜的发出惊叹声，得知迈克患有自闭症后，乐队没有生气，反而被感动了，邀请迈克与音乐家见面，这样的善举让马丁感动。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当交响乐队演奏完毕时，他们期望在短暂的沉默后听到礼貌的掌声。A. practiced练习；B. considered考虑；C. finished完成；D. delayed延迟。根据句中“they expected to hear polite applause”可知，交响乐队应该是在完成演奏后，才会期待观众的掌声。故选C项。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当交响乐队演奏完毕时，他们期望在短暂的沉默后听到礼貌的掌声。A. account账户；B. appearance外貌；C. statement陈述；D. silence沉默。根据句中“they expected to hear polite applause”和下文“The music was over and there was no sound”可知，交响乐队完成演奏后，现场会有短暂的沉默，随即爆发出礼貌的掌声。故选D项。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：音乐结束了，没有声音，但随后突然在大厅里响起了“哇！”的声音。A. surrounded围绕；B. guided指导；C. followed（指时间或顺序）在……后发生，跟随；D. warned警告。根据句中“The music was over and there was no sound”可知，音乐结束后，起初没有声音，但随后突然响起了“哇！”的声音，“followed”意为“（指时间或顺序）在……后发生，跟随”，符合语境。故选C项。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个孩子的声音表达了对表演的简单、令人耳目一新的惊讶。A. message信息；B. voice嗓音，说话声；C. opinion意见；D. attitude态度。根据上文“Wow!”可知，音乐结束后，孩子发出了“哇！”的声音，由此可知，句中指孩子的声音表达了对表演的惊讶。故选B项。
【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：年长的马丁感到尴尬，转身向周围的人解释说，迈克其实并不想制造噪音，他患有自闭症，经常表现得与其他人不同。A. annoyed恼怒的；B. astonished惊讶的；C. disappointed失望的；D. embarrassed尴尬的。根据上文“it suddenly was ___3___ by the ‘Wow!’ heard around the hall”可知，安静的大厅里突然响起了孩子“哇！”的声音，由此可知，这是不礼貌的行为，所以马丁感到尴尬。故选D项。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：年长的马丁感到尴尬，转身向周围的人解释说，迈克其实并不想制造噪音，他患有自闭症，经常表现得与其他人不同。A. explaining解释；B. suggesting建议；C. promising承诺；D. supposing假设。根据句中“he has autism and often expresses himself ___8__ from other people”可知，马丁告诉周围的人迈克患有自闭症，所以表现得与其他人不同，由此可知，他在对迈克不礼貌的行为进行解释。故选A项。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：年长的马丁感到尴尬，转身向周围的人解释说，迈克其实并不想制造噪音，他患有自闭症，经常表现得与其他人不同。A. pretend假装；B. mean本意是，意欲；C. decide决定；D. learn学习。根据句中“he has autism and often expresses himself __8___ from other people”可知，马丁告诉周围的人迈克患有自闭症，所以才会有这样的行为，他其实并不想制造噪音，“mean to do sth.”意为“本意是想要做某事”，符合语境。故选B项。
【28题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：年长的马丁感到尴尬，转身向周围的人解释说，迈克其实并不想制造噪音，他患有自闭症，经常表现得与其他人不同。A. casually偶然地；B. vividly生动地；C. differently不同地；D. safely安全地。根据句中“he has autism”可知，迈克患有自闭症，由此可知，患有自闭症的孩子经常表现得与其他人不同，所以才会发出“哇！”的声音。故选C项。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这一刻感动了交响乐队，因此他们发布了“哇！”这一刻的录音，希望能找到那个孩子。A. touched感动；B. puzzled迷惑；C. annoyed使恼怒；D. frustrated使沮丧。根据下文“His family and the orchestra planned to __14___ a date for him to meet the musician.”可知，交响乐队想给迈克一个见音乐家的机会，由此可知，迈克的行为感动了交响乐队，所以才想给他机会。故选A项。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这一刻感动了交响乐队，因此他们发布了“哇！”这一刻的录音，希望能找到那个孩子。A. blame责备；B. find找到；C. defend防御，保卫；D. adopt采用。根据下文“His family and the orchestra planned to __14___ a date for him to meet the musician.”可知，交响乐队想给迈克一个见音乐家的机会，由此可知，他们希望能找到那个孩子，所以发布了“哇！”这一刻的录音。故选B项。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这段音频片段在互联网上传播不久后，就变得非常流行，在多个平台被分享了成千上万次。A. special特殊的；B. useful有用的；C. important重要的；D. popular受欢迎的，流行的。根据句中“getting thousands of shares across several platforms”可知，音频片段在多个平台被分享了成千上万次，由此可知，音频片段变得非常流行。故选D项。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：后来，乐团主席兼首席执行官大卫·斯内德给出了他的电子邮件地址，希望得到孩子父母的同意，邀请他们见见音乐家哈里·克里斯托弗斯。A. comment评论；B. agreement同意；C. suggestion建议；D. request请求。根据句中“___13__ them to meet the musician Harry Christophers”可知，乐团主席想邀请孩子见音乐家，应该首先得到孩子父母的同意。故选B项。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：后来，乐团主席兼首席执行官大卫·斯内德给出了他的电子邮件地址，希望得到孩子父母的同意，邀请他们见见音乐家哈里·克里斯托弗斯。A. allow允许；B. remind提醒；C. invite邀请；D. require要求。根据下文“His family and the orchestra planned to ___14__ a date for him to meet the musician.”可知，交响乐队想给迈克一个见音乐家的机会，由此可知，乐团主席想要邀请他们见见音乐家。故选C项。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的家人和交响乐队计划为他安排一个与音乐家见面的日期。A. arrange安排；B. delay延迟；C. provide提供；D. advocate提倡。根据上文“___13__ them to meet the musician Harry Christophers”可知，乐团主席想要邀请他们见见音乐家，由此可知，他们会为他安排一个与音乐家见面的日期。故选A项。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：马丁对社会变得更加宽容和理解人与人之间的差异表示感谢。A. satisfaction满意；B. confidence信任；C. regret后悔；D. thanks感谢。根据句中“the society has become more tolerant and understanding of the differences between people”可知，社会对自闭症患者更加宽容和理解，由此可知，作为自闭症患者的家人，马丁对此表示感谢。故选D项。
第二节 (共10小题; 每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
With the wide spread of the deadly COVID-19, the healthcare workers have been working day and night to take care of the ____36____ (infect) patients. Here are the details about International Nurses Day.
International Nurses Day ____37____( celebrate) first in 1965 to honour the nurses all over the world for their ____38____ (commit) to medical health and service, ____39____ (urge) people to show care and respect towards nurses.The day also commemorates Florence Nightingale’s birth - the woman____40____is widely regarded as the founder of modern nursing. Florence Nightingale was born on May 12th, 1820, and served ____41____ a trainer of nurses during the Crimean War. During the War, she ____42____ (manage) to care for wounded soldiers at Constantinople. Her contributions gave nursing a favorable reputation and she became a symbol of Victorian culture, ____43____ (especial) as “The Lady with the Lamp”, because of the touching fact ____44____she usually visited wounded soldiers at night. She was also regarded as _____45_____English reformer of modern nursing. Later, she won the Royal Red Cross award in 1883 and Order of Merit award in 1907.
【答案】36. infected
37. was celebrated
38. commitment
39. urging 40. who##that
41. as 42. managed
43. especially
44. that 45. an
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了国际护士节的来历。
【36题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：随着新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情的广泛传播，医护人员夜以继日地照顾感染患者。名词patients与infect之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词形式作定语。故填infected。
【37题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：国际护士节于1965年首次庆祝，以表彰世界各地的护士对医疗健康和服务的承诺，敦促人们对护士表示关心和尊重。根据句中时间状语in 1965可知，用一般过去时。主语International Nurses Day与celebrate之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was celebrated。
【38题详解】
考查名词。句意：国际护士节于1965年首次庆祝，以表彰世界各地的护士对医疗健康和服务的贡献，敦促人们对护士表示关心和尊重。形容词性物主代词their后接名词形式,且为不可数名词，故填commitment。
【39题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：国际护士节于1965年首次庆祝，以表彰世界各地的护士对医疗健康和服务的贡献，敦促人们对护士表示关心和尊重。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语与urge之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作结果状语。故填urging。
【40题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：这一天也是为了纪念弗洛伦斯·南丁格尔的诞生，她被广泛认为是现代护理学的奠基人。句中先行词为the woman，在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词who或that引导。故填who/that。
【41题详解】
考查介词。句意：弗洛伦斯·南丁格尔生于1820年5月12日，在克里米亚战争期间担任护士培训师。serve as担任。故填as。
【42题详解】
考查时态。句意：战争期间，她设法在君士坦丁堡照顾受伤的士兵。根据时间状语During the War可知，用一般过去时。故填managed。
【43题详解】
考查副词。句意：她的贡献使护理工作获得了良好的声誉，她成为了维多利亚文化的象征，尤其是“拿灯的女人”，因为她经常在晚上看望受伤的士兵。句中用副词作状语，修饰介词短语。故填especially。
【44题详解】
考查名词性从句。句意：她的贡献使护理工作获得了良好的声誉，她成为了维多利亚文化的象征，尤其是“拿灯的女人”，因为她经常在晚上看望受伤的士兵。本句为同位语从句，解释说明名词fact。从句不缺少成分且句意完整，所以用连接代词that引导。故填that。
【45题详解】
考查冠词。句意：她也被认为是英国现代护理的改革家。名词reformer为可数名词，泛指，且English发音以元音音素开头，所以用不定冠词an。故填an。
第四部分 写作 (共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (满分15分)
46. 假如你是李华，疫情得到控制，现在你已经返校上课了。你校要举行演讲。 请你写一篇发言稿,内容包括：
1. 介绍你在家期间学习情况；
2. 说说你最感动的人或事；
3.你对准备期末考试的态度和对结果的愿望。
注意：1. 词数80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：新冠状病毒：the novel coronavirus
Good morning, everyone,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
That’s all. Thank you!
【答案】Good morning, everyone,
As we all know, the epidemic of the novel coronavirus has had a great impact on our study and life. Due to the epidemic, we have to take online classes at home. Fortunately, our school offers different courses for us every day and specially arranges some interesting activities for us, so we don’t feel bored at all. During this period of time, teachers and students greet and care for each other every day, which makes me most moved. After a month of online learning, I believe I am well prepared for the coming final exam.
That’s all. Thank you!
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达是一篇演讲稿，要求考生返校后写一篇发言稿讲述自己疫情期间在家的学习情况、感动的人或事以及对准备期末考试的展望。
【详解】词汇积累
影响：impact→influence
提供：offer→provide
无聊的：bored→dull
为……做好准备：be prepared for =be ready for
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：During this period of time, teachers and students greet and care for each other every day, which makes me most moved.
拓展句：What makes me most moved is that during this period of time, teachers and students greet and care for each other every day.
【点睛】[高分句型1] As we all know, the epidemic of the novel coronavirus has had a great impact on our study and life. (运用了as引导的非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] During this period of time, teachers and students greet and care for each other every day, which makes me most moved. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
第二节 (满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
My 11-year-old daughter, Elizabeth, started to talk about quitting swimming, which broke my heart because she loves swimming. So when the swim season began, I cut a deal with her. She would practice three times a week and try really hard. I wouldn't make her compete in the swim meets. Elizabeth does not like swim meets. She gets horribly nervous but not because she wants to win. She doesn't care if she wins.
Recently, Elizabeth's team announced a special swim night： Members 11 and older would swim a timed 50 meters relay. It wasn't exactly a meet, because it would involve only team members. That was my view. Elizabeth argued that it absolutely was a meet because there would be races. I told Elizabeth I really wanted her to go. She fought back angrily but finally agreed.
When the day of the special swim night arrived Elizabeth was nervous. She was the youngest person and shorter by at least a foot than most of the other kids. She panicked when it was time for the T-shirt relay. The relay works like this： One person from each relay team puts on a T-shirt, a pair of socks» and a swim cap； swims 50 meters; and gets out of the pool. She takes off the clothes and puts them on the next person, who then swims 50 meters. This continues until everyone on the team has completed a lap.
Then it was Elizabeth's turn to swim. She seemed to swim faster in the T-shirt and socks than she did when she wasn't wearing them. Approaching the halfway mark, Elizabeth was in the lead. Suddenly, somebody noticed that one of Elizabeth's socks had fallen off and was floating （漂）in the pool. "She has to get that sock on before the end of the race," a swimming official told Elizabeth's team, “or you will be disqualified.”
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2 ,请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Everybody on her team started screaming “Elizabeth! Get the sock!”
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
On the ride home, she shared her moment of winning again and again.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Everybody on her team started screaming, "Elizabeth！Get the sock!" However, she couldn't hear them．It was time for desperate measures．A girl on my daughter's team jumped in the pool, grabbed the sock, and swam after Elizabeth．"You have to put the sock on," the girl screamed．The girl in lane two was about to pass Elizabeth．With the sock finally on, Elizabeth swam her heart out for the last 15 meters．It was close．But Elizabeth beat the other girl to the wall for the victory.
On the ride home, she shared her moment of winning again and again．She talked about how scared she was when someone grabbed her foot and how funny it was when she came to the finish and how great the night was．She told me that if the T-shirt relay was an Olympic event——and she is quite sure it should be——her team would win the gold medal．I told her that in my professional opinion, she was absolutely right．
【解析】
【分析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者的女儿Elizabeth要参加游泳比赛，赛前很紧张，害怕游不好，但是比赛时，通过和队友的共同努力赢得了比赛。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“团队中的每个人都开始大喊伊丽莎白！ 拿袜子！”可知，第一段可描写她听不见大家的喊叫声，一个女孩跳进水中捡起袜子给她送过去，面临对手超越自己，她穿上袜子想方设法取得了胜利。
②由第二段首句内容“在回家的路上，她一次又一次地分享了自己赢得胜利的时刻。”可知，第二段可描写她回想比赛过程中的激烈竞争，并全力以赴获得团队胜利的经历。作者表示赞同女儿的心态和努力。
2.续写线索：捡袜子——努力——回家——分享成功——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①捡袜子：grab the sock/pick up the socks
②努力：swim her heart out/try her best to swim
③回家：on the ride home/on her way home
情绪类
①害怕：scared/anxious
②喜悦：funny/feel great
【点睛】[高分句型1]With the sock finally on, Elizabeth swam her heart out for the last 15 meters．（with引导复合结构作伴随状语）
[高分句型2]She talked about how scared she was when someone grabbed her foot and how funny it was when she came to the finish and how great the night was．（how引导宾语从句；when引导时间状语从句）
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