2022-2023学年江苏省常州市第一中学高二上学期阶段质量调研英语试卷（解析版）

这是一份2022-2023学年江苏省常州市第一中学高二上学期阶段质量调研英语试卷（解析版），共25页。
常州市第一中学 2022--2023年度第一学期阶段质量调研
高二年级英语试卷

一．听力 略
二．阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
A
On September 15, El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras celebrate their own independence days. On October 16, Mexico follows suit. Each country above has its own nature, but what combines them is local traditions and Spanish culture. Here are four destinations worthy of planning a trip.
Tazumal, El Salvador
El Salvador is home to some rather impressive Mayan ruins that show off this once great civilization. Tazumal is one such place, which is believed to be more than 7,000 years old and was left abandoned sometime around the 13th century. However, large areas were extensively restored in the 40s’ and 50s’, giving visitors a taste of the past.
Antigua, Guatemala
The 16th-century city of Antigua is surrounded by volcanoes, churches, and Baroque buildings, combining European style with pre-Hispanic traditions, making its way to the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites. It’s possible to visit most of its attractions on foot, including the Arco de Santa Catalina, the Central Park, and the Palacio del Ayuntamiento.
Comayagua, Honduras
Honduras may be well-known for its beaches, and one worthy of your travels is the city that was once the capital: Comayagua. Founded in the early 1500s, a visit here is like traveling back in time. Several museums showcase the cultural richness and the must-see clock in the central square, which is the oldest clock in the continent, dating back to the 12th century.
Veracruz, Mexico
Veracruz is a natural beauty with beaches that stretch for as far as the eye can see, deep blue waves and powerful waterfalls. When visiting Veracruz, stop by the Zocalo in Downtown Veracruz, where locals gather to listen to “son jarocho”, a regional folk music style that started right here. Couples also gather to dance in the square. But not just any dance, rather they take part in Danzόn, a traditional couples dance iconic (标志性的) to this particular state.
1. Which place has the potential to be a UNESCO World Heritage Site?
A. Tazumal. B. Antigua. C. Comayagua. D. Veracruz.
2. What can visitors do in Veracruz?
A. Learn to sing folk music. B. Watch unique dances.
C. Go in for water sports. D. Walk on man-made beaches.
3. What do the listed places have in common?
A. They share the same traditional culture. B. They have beautiful long beaches.
C. They are home to famous ancient ruins. D. They celebrate independence days the same day.
【答案】1. B 2. B 3. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了与萨尔瓦多、危地马拉，洪都拉斯以及墨西哥有关的四个值得计划旅行的目的地。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章“Antigua, Guatemala”部分内容“The 16th-century city of Antigua is surrounded by volcanoes, churches, and Baroque buildings, combining European style with pre-Hispanic traditions, making its way to the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites.(16世纪的安提瓜城被火山、教堂和巴洛克式建筑所包围，融合了欧洲风格和前西班牙裔传统，设法要跻身联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录。)”可知，Antigua正努力跻身于联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录，由此可推知，安提瓜城有望成为联合国教科文组织的世界遗产。故选B项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章“Veracruz, Mexico”部分内容“When visiting Veracruz, stop by the Zocalo in Downtown Veracruz... Couples also gather to dance in the square. But not just any dance, rather they take part in Danzόn, a traditional couples dance iconic to this particular state.(当参观Veracruz时，请在Veracruz市中心的Zocalo停下来……情侣们也聚集在广场上跳舞。但不是任何舞蹈，而是他们参加Danzόn，一个传统的情侣舞蹈，这个特殊的国家的象征。)”可知，在Veracruz的广场可以观看情侣们在广场上跳Danzόn舞，它是这个国家的象征，有着特殊的意义。故选B项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段内容“Each country above has its own nature, but what combines them is local traditions and Spanish culture.(上面的每个国家都有自己的性质，但将它们结合在一起的是当地的传统和西班牙文化。)”可知，这些国家虽然都有自己的性质，但是它们有着共同的背景文化：西班牙文化。由此可知，它们的共同点在于相同的文化背景。故选A项。
B
My fifteen-year-old son has just returned from abroad with rolls of exposed film and a hundred dollars in uncashed traveler’s checks, and is asleep at the moment. His blue duffel（粗呢）bag lies on the floor where he dropped it. Obviously, he postponed s much sleep as he could when he walked in and we hugged, his electrical system suddenly switched off, and he headed directly for the bed, where I imagine he beat his old record of sixteen hours.
It was his first trip overseas, so weeks before it, I pressed travel books on him, and a tape cassette of useful French phrases; drew up a list of people to visit; advised him on clothing and other things. At the luggage store where we went to buy him a suitcase, he headed for the duffels, saying that suitcases were more for old people. During the trip, he called home three times: from London, Paris, and a village named Ullapool. Near Ullapool, he climbed a mountain in a rainstorm that almost blew him off. In the village, a man spoke to him in Gaelic（盖尔语）, and, too polite to interrupt, my son listened to him for ten or fifteen minutes, trying to nod in the right places. The Frenchman he learned from the cassette didn't hold water in Paris. The French he talked to shrugged（耸肩）and walked on.
When my son called, I sat down at the kitchen table and leaned forward and hung on every word. His voice came through clearly, though two of the calls were like ship-to-shore communication. When I interrupted him with a “Great!” or a “Really?”, I knocked a little hole in his communication. So I just sat and listened. I have never listened to a telephone so attentively and with so much pleasure. It was wonderful to hear news from him that was so new to me. In my book, he was the first man to land on the moon, and I knew that I had no advice to give him and that what I had already given was probably not much help.
The unused checks are certainly evidence of that. Youth travels light. No suitcase, not much luggage and a slim expense account, and yet he went to the scene, and came back safely. I sit here amazed. The night when your child returns with dust on his shoes from a country you've never seen is a night you would gladly turn into a week.
4. When travelling, the author’s son_________.
A. forgot to call his mother B. was lacking in money
C. had insufficient sleep D. failed to take good pictures
5. According to the passage, which of the following could best describe the author’s son?
A. Polite and careless. B. Selfless and adventurous.
C. Creative and stubborn. D. Considerate and independent.
6. What does the underlined word “that” in the last paragraph refer to?
A. The son no longer needs much help from his mother.
B. It is important to listen to your child’s story.
C. The author is proud of her son’s achievement.
D. It’s easy to interrupt the chat with your child.
7. What can we infer from the passage?
A. The world is a book and those who do not travel read only one page.
B. It’s a win-win choice to give a child space to experience and explore.
C. Communication between parents and children is extremely important.
D. Good parents should protect their children from potential dangers.
【答案】4. C 5. D 6. A 7. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章向我们介绍了作者十五岁儿子的旅行，同时介绍了旅行中所发生的事情，作者认为给予自己孩子足够的自由空间让他们自己去经历和体验是一种双赢的选择。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句“Obviously, he postponed s much sleep as he could when he walked in and we hugged, his electrical system suddenly switched off, and he headed directly for the bed, where I imagine he beat his old record of sixteen hours.”（很明显，当他走进来和我们拥抱时，他尽可能地推迟了他的睡眠时间，他的电气系统突然关闭，他直接朝床走去，我想他打破了16小时的旧纪录。），可知作者的儿子刚旅游回到家就蒙头大睡了，因此可推断他在旅游的过程中缺乏睡眠，故选C。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段倒数第三句“too polite to interrupt, my son listened to him for ten or fifteen minutes, trying to nod in the right places.”（太有礼貌而不愿意打断，我的儿子听了他十到十五分钟，试着在正确的地方点头。），由此可推断作者的儿子的其中一个性格是 considerate(体贴的，考虑周全的)；又根据文章说作者的儿子自己去旅行，很多事情都一个人去处理，也可推断他是一个独立的( independent)的人。故选D。
【6题详解】
指代猜测题。根据划线单词的所在的句子的上一句的内容“ In my book, he was the first man to land on the moon, and I knew that I had no advice to give him and that what I had already given was probably not much help.”（在我的书中，他是第一个登上月球的人，我知道我没有给他任何建议，也知道我已经给了他的东西可能帮不了什么忙。），可知上一句所说的是作者作为家长实际上也没有给到他儿子多少的建议和意见，结合划线句“The unused checks are certainly evidence of that. ”（这些未使用的支票当然就是证据。），可知that指代的是：儿子不再需要母亲的帮助了。故选A。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。纵观全文，根据作者对他儿子这次去旅游之前，去的时候给家里打电话以及回来之后的一连串的分析和思考，可知作者认为给予自己孩子足够的自由空间让他们自己去经历和体验是一种双赢的选择，B选项（给孩子一个体验和探索的空间是一个双赢的选择。）符合题意。故选B。
C
Medical errors (ME) are among the most important patient safety challenges facing hospitals and healthcare systems nowadays. Since the Institute of Medicine(IOM) report in 1999 “To Err is Human,” an increasing number of studies have shown how common and deleterious ME are, especially in hospital medicine. With this, healthcare leaders invested time and resources toward identifying and reducing ME.
A medical error is defined as “an incidence when there is an omission or a mistake in planning or execution that leads or could lead to unintended result.” While the majority of ME do not lead to an apparent adverse effect, a significant number of patients either suffer a permanent injury or death from ME every year in the United States and around the world as a result of those errors.
Medical errors are the third leading cause of death in the United States after heart disease and cancer. It is estimated that more than 200000 patients die annually in the United States from ME. Furthermore, in addition to the harm inflicted on patients, medical errors are associated with an increased healthcare cost. In a 2008 report, it was estimated that medical errors cost the healthcare system in the United States more than 17 billion dollars annually.
The first step in combating ME and improving patient safety is to study the different types of medical errors to better understand why medical errors happen. The causes, types, and rates of ME can vary from one institution to the other and change over time, especially as we implement changes in our healthcare delivery. Therefore, it is important to capture, track and analyze all medical errors as possible at the institutional level.
As most of the nonmedication medical errors are hard to capture electronically and manual chart review is both unmanageable and time consuming, self-reporting is still the most reliable approach to capturing ME. Unfortunately, underreporting of ME is a commonly reported challenge even when healthcare institutions mandated reporting. While there is no agreement on what defines “underreporting of ME,” it commonly refers to the lack of reports on significant ME events.
8. What does the underlined word “deleterious” probably mean in the first paragraph?
A. Important. B. Useful.
C. Harmful. D. Adequate.
9. What is the worst effect of ME?
A. Annual patients deaths.
B. Heart disease and cancer.
C. Increasing healthcare cost.
D. Destruction of healthcare system.
10. What is the first step to fight against ME to improve the patient security?
A. To do research on the different types of ME.
B. To figure out the reason why ME happens.
C. To identify different institutions over time.
D. To analyze the changes in the health delivery.
11. Why is self-reporting still the most reliable way to capture ME?
A. Because less typical medication ME events recorded.
B. Because the patients are willing to offer the report of ME.
C. Because healthcare institution gives the authority to the patients.
D. Because there is difficulty in electronic capture as well as manual inefficiency.
【答案】8. C 9. A 10. A 11. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了医疗失误是当今医院和医疗保健系统面临的最重要的患者安全挑战之一，分析了医疗失误的普遍性和危害性，同时提出了如何对抗和预防医疗失误的方法。
【8题详解】
词义猜测题。根据文章第二段内容对“Medical erros”的进一步解释“…a significant number of patients either suffer a permanent injury or death from ME every year in the United States and around the world as a result of those errors(在美国和世界各地，每年都有相当数量的患者因为这些失误而遭受永久性伤害或死亡)”可知，医疗失误会导致患者遭受永久性伤害或死亡，由此可知，“an increasing number of studies have shown how common and deleterious ME are”应是表达医疗失误是普遍的，也是对患者有害的。由此可推知，划线单词“deleterious”应是表达“有害的”含义，与选项C“harmful(有害的)”表达含义一致。故选C项。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段内容“Medical errors are the third leading cause of death in the United States after heart disease and cancer. It is estimated that more than 200,000 patients die annually in the United States from ME.(医疗失误是美国第三大死亡原因，仅次于心脏病和癌症。据估计，美国每年有超过20万名患者死于医疗失误)”可推知，医疗失误最坏的影响是每年导致很多死亡。故选A项。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段内容“The first step in combating ME and improving patient safety is to study the different types of medical errors to better understand why medical errors happen.(对抗医疗失误和提高患者安全的第一步是研究不同类型的医疗失误，以便更好地理解医疗失误发生的原因)”可知，第一步是研究不同类型的医疗失误。故选A项。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章末尾段内容“As most of the nonmedication medical errors are hard to capture electronically and manual chart review is both unmanageable and time consuming, self-reporting is still the most reliable approach to capturing ME.(由于大多数非药物医疗失误难以通过电子方式体现记录，且手工图表审查既难以管理又耗时，因此自我报告仍然是体现记录医疗失误最可靠的方法)”可知，自我报告之所以被认为是最可靠的方法是因为大多数非药物医疗失误难以通过电子方式体现，且手工图表难以管理又耗时。故选D项。
D
While it may be commonplace, snubbing (冷落) one's friends can have serious impacts on relationships, and there are a variety of factors that may drive individuals to ignore their friends in favor of an electronic screen, according to a new University of Georgia study.
The study reveals positive associations between depression and social anxiety and increasing snubbing: depressed people are likely to snub their friends more frequently, and socially anxious people, who prefer online social interactions, might also exhibit more snubbing behavior. These people are really sensitive to their messages. With each buzz or sound, they consciously or unconsciously look at their phones. The device's various applications are key drivers contributing to this dynamic.
The finding also shows that agreeable individuals have a lower instance of snubbing in the presence of their friends. People who have agreeableness as a personality feature tend to show cooperative, polite and friendly behaviors in their interpersonal relationships and social settings. Though agreeable people may prioritize strong friendships, an exploratory study reveals they are also more likely to turn to phones in the presence of three or more people.
That dynamic may influence the spread of snubbing in the context of a work environment. “It's ironic (讽刺意味的) that while so many people believe that snubbing behavior is rude, they still do it,” Sun said. “A majority of people snub others, and in a group, it may seem OK, because it's just me, the speaker doesn't notice I'm using the phone. The number of people in a group can be one reason.”
Alternately, disabling or turning over a phone can indicate a show of respect for a situation and focus on a person. That, too, is a signal—I am listening to what you are saying and I am focusing on you.
12. What can cause snubbing behavior?
A. Social requirements.
B. Unhealthy mental condition.
C. Frequent social interactions.
D. Limited communication devices.
13. What can be inferred about the agreeable people?
A. They are insensitive to phone messages.
B. They are more likely to snub their friends.
C. They attach importance to firm friendships.
D. They get accustomed to groups with more people.
14. Why do some people continue snubbing behavior even if they know it's rude?
A. The majority are using phones.
B. They don't like the environment.
C. The speaker doesn't care about it.
D. They think they will go unnoticed.
15. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. How snubbing behaviors can be avoided
B. Why people are addicted to phone messages
C. Why people snub their friends with their phones
D. How phones influence people's social interactions
【答案】12. B 13. C 14. D 15. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。短文从不同精神状态的人的角度介绍了为什么人们因使用手机冷落了自己的朋友。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“The study reveals positive associations between depression and social anxiety and increasing snubbing”（这项研究揭示了抑郁和社交焦虑以及日益增加的冷落之间的积极联系）由此可知，不健康的精神状态导致了冷落行为。故选B项。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“Though agreeable people may prioritize strong friendships”（尽管和蔼可亲的人会优先考虑牢固的友谊）可知，和蔼可亲的人强调牢固的友谊。故选C项。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“It's ironic (讽刺意味的) that while so many people believe that snubbing behavior is rude, they still do it,” Sun said. “A majority of people snub others, and in a group, it may seem OK, because it's just me, the speaker doesn't notice I'm using the phone.”（具有讽刺意味的是，尽管很多人认为冷落行为是粗鲁的，但他们仍然这样做,”孙说。”，在一个群体中，大多数人都会冷落别人，这看起来没什么，因为只有我一个人，说话的人没有注意到我在用手机。）由此可知，为什么有些人明知道这很粗鲁，还要继续冷落别人是因为他们认为自己没有被注意到。故选D项。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“While it may be commonplace, snubbing one's friends can have serious impacts on relationships, and there are a variety of factors that may drive individuals to ignore their friends in favor of an electronic screen, according to a new University of Georgia study.”（乔治亚州一所大学的最新研究表明，尽管冷落朋友可能很平常，但是冷落朋友会严重影响人际关系，而且有很多因素可能会导致人们忽视朋友，转而使用电子屏幕。）以及下文从不同精神状态的人的角度介绍了为什么人们因使用手机冷落了自己的朋友。可知，短文的最佳标题为“为什么人们因使用手机冷落了自己的朋友”。故选C项。

第二节(共5小题;每小题 2.5 分，满分 12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Healthy See, Healthy Do
Visit the grocery store on an empty stomach, and you will probably come home with a few things you did not plan to buy. But hunger is not the only cause of additional purchases. The location of store displays (摆放) also influences our shopping choices.___16___
The checkout area is a particular hotspot for junk food. Studies have found that the products most commonly found there are sugary and salty snacks.___17___ A 2012 study in the Netherlands found that hospital workers were more likely to give up junk food for healthy snacks when the latter were more readily available on canteen shelves, for example. In 2014 Norwegian and Icelandic researchers also found that replacing unhealthy foods with healthy ones in the checkout area significantly increased last-minute sales of healthier foods.
___18___ It has been working with more than 1,000 store owners to encourage them to order and promote nutritious foods. “We know that the stores are full of cues (暗示) meant to encourage consumption,” says Tamar Adjoian, a research scientist at the department, “Making healthy foods more convenient or appealing can lead to increased sales of those products.”
Adjoian and her colleagues wondered if such findings would apply to their city’s crowded urban checkout areas, so they selected three Bronx supermarkets for their own study. ___19___ Then they recorded purchases over six three-hour periods in each store for two weeks.
Of the more than 2,100 shoppers they observed, just 4 percent bought anything from the checkout area. Among those who did, however, customers in the healthy lines purchased nutritious foods more than twice as often as those in the standard lines.___20___ The findings were reported in September in the Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior.
The potential influence may seem small, but Adjoian believes that changing more checkout lines would open customers’ eyes to nutritious, lower-calorie foods. Health department officials are now exploring ways to expand healthy options at checkout counters throughout New York City.
A. These foods give people more energy.
B. They bought unhealthy foods 40 percent less often.
C. And it may make or break some healthy eating habits.
D. The supermarkets began to offer nutritious, lower-calorie foods.
E. These findings caught the attention of New York City Department of Health.
F. They replaced candies and cookies with fruits and nuts near the checkout counter.
G. And a few studies have suggested that simply swapping in healthier options can change customer behavior.
【答案】16. C 17. G 18. E 19. F 20. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章用几个实验向我们证明了商店里商品的摆放位置，特别是结账处附近的商品摆放会影响我们购物的选择。所以健康部门和专家都呼吁将健康食品放在这些地方，提高大家对健康食品的关注度。
【16题详解】
空格位于首段最后一句。空格前一句句意为：店内商品的摆放位置也会影响购物的选择。选项C中的it与上句话中的“The location”可形成指代关系，并且“make or break some healthy eating habits”与文章主题（Healthy See, Healthy Do看到的健康的，买的就是健康的）呼应。故选C。
【17题详解】
空格位于段中。空格前句意为：结账处摆放的商品经常是糖或者咸的零食。空格后的两个举例都是强调如果购物者看到的经常是健康食品的话，他们会更多的选择健康食品。由此可推知，空格处应该是强调换一下摆放在结账处的食品的重要性。选项G中的“simply swapping in healthier options can change customer behavior（简单地将垃圾食品换成健康一点的食品能改变顾客的购物行为）”与这一语境呼应，起到承上启下的作用。故选G。
【18题详解】
空格位于段首。由本段中的“a research scientist at the department”可知，前边应该出现过department，选项E中的“Department of Health”与之呼应。故选E。
【19题详解】
空格位于段中。分析文章结构，第四段和第五段主要讲述Adjoian和她同事们做的试验。空格前句意为：为了证明把健康食品放在收银处，是不是影响拥挤的市区内的顾客的购买行为，他们选择了三家超市。空格后句意为：他们连续三周每天分六次每次三小时记录购买情况。可以推知，中间一句话应该是实验的设置方式。选项F中的“They replaced candies and cookies with fruits and nuts near the checkout counter（他们把收银处附近的糖和饼干换成了水果和坚果）”与这个试验的目的一致。故选F。
【20题详解】
空格位于段中。这一段讲述Adjoian和她同事们做的试验的结果。由空格后的these findings可知，前边至少有两项发现。空格前句意为：在那些在收银处买了东西的人当中，站在健康食品队列的人比站在不健康食品队列的人买了多于两倍的东西。这是一个发现，选项B中的“They bought unhealthy foods 40 percent less often.（他们买不健康食品的概率也降低了40%。）”与上一句句式接近，并且表达的是与上一句意思一致的一个发现，又与下句中的“these findings”呼应。故选B。
【点睛】七选五题目主要考查学生综合的英语逻辑思维能力。一篇好的短文，不仅在内容上要前后一致，而且还要语篇结构清晰，上下文逻辑意义严谨。内容的前后一致体现在段内及语篇内话题的自然过渡。语篇结构主要体现为：文章是总分结构，还是按时间或空间顺序发展的，还是辩证三段论的编排的。逻辑意义的严谨最主要的可以通过代词、连词和副词等形式来体现。例如本文中的第一题、第四题要分别借助于篇章结构和段落结构解题。第二题依据段落内空格前后语义之间的关系解题，第三题和第五题依据词汇呼应解题。这篇七选五是比较难的题目，大家要着重分析文章和段落的结构。具体解题过程看详解。

第三部分 语言运用(共三节，满分35分)
第一节 完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分 15 分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
I played a racquetball (壁球) game against my cousin Ed last week. It was one of the most ____21____ and tiring games I’ve ever had. When Ed first phoned and suggested we play, I laughed quietly, figuring on an ____22____ victory. After all, Ed’s idea of ____23____ has always been nothing more ____24____ than lifting a fork to his mouth. As long as I can remember, Ed’s been the least physically fit member in the family, and ____25____ proud of himself. His big stomach has always ballooned out between his T-shirt and trousers. Although the family often ____26____ about that, Ed refused to buy a ____27____ T-shirt or to lose weight. So when Ed ____28____ for our game not only with the bottom of his shirt gathered inside his trousers but also with a stomach you could hardly ____29____. I was so surprised that I was speechless. My cousin must have made an effort to get himself into shape. ____30____, at the point in our game when I’d have predicted (预计) the score to be about 9 to 1 in my favor, it was ____31____ 7 to 9-and Ed was ____32____. The sudden realization was painful. We continued to play like two mad men. When the score was 16 up, I was having serious ____33____ about staying alive until 21 years old, let alone ____34____ that many points. When the game finally ended, both of us were lying flat on our backs, too tired to move. In a way, I think we both won: I the game, but cousin Ed my ____35____.
21. A. encouraging B. hopeless C. surprising D. regular
22. A. unforgettable B. unexpected C. easy D. early
23. A. exercise B. preparation C. joy D. fitness
24. A. time-saving B. comfortable C. suitable D. effort-making
25. A. strangely B. personally C. reasonably D. eagerly
26. A. cared B. forgot C. quarreled D. joked
27. A. clean B. larger C. straight D. darker
28. A. set out B. got ready C. arrived D. returned
29. A. notice B. admire C. believe D. measure
30. A. After all B. As a result C. Above all D. At last
31. A. mistakenly B. then C. instead D. naturally
32. A. leading B. coming C. waiting D. counting
33. A. thoughts B. doubts C. situations D. problems
34. A. scoring B. completing C. receiving D. keeping
35. A. friendship B. respect C. support D. favor
【答案】21. C 22. C 23. A 24. D 25. A 26. D 27. B 28. C 29. A 30. B 31. C 32. A 33. B 34. A 35. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。记叙了兄弟俩的一场球赛，作者的表弟Ed曾经是个很胖的人，所以当表弟邀请作者打球时作者以为会轻松取胜。结果表弟到了作者才发现他的身材有了很大的变化。最后比赛结果是作者赢得了比赛，但Ed却赢得了作者的尊重。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是我打过的最令人惊讶和最累人的比赛之一。A. encouraging鼓励的；B. hopeless绝望的；C. surprising令人惊讶的，意外的；D. regular定期的。根据下文“at the point in our game when I’d have predicted (预计) the score to be about 9 to l in my favor, it was 　11　　 7 to 9”原以为可以轻易取胜的比赛，后来出现的比赛场面竟十分出乎以外，让人大为惊奇（surprising）。故选C。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当Ed第一次打来电话，建议我们一起玩的时候，我静静地笑了，以为会轻松取胜。A. unforgettable难忘的；B. unexpected意外的；C. easy容易的；D. early早的。根据前句说的“I laughed quietly”可推知作者以为是一场很容易（easy）打赢的比赛。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Ed 关于锻炼想法只不过就像把叉子送到嘴里一样不费力。A. exercise锻炼；B. preparation准备；C. joy快乐；D. fitness健康。根据下文“ Ed’s been the least physically fit member in the family”可知，Ed不太健康，由此推知他最不想锻炼。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Ed 关于锻炼的想法只不过就像把叉子送到嘴里一样不费力。A. time-saving省时的；B. comfortable舒服的；C. suitable合适的；D. effort-making费力的。此处的语境是（注意作者对 Ed 在体力方面的轻视）：Ed 关于锻炼的想法只不过就像把叉子送到嘴里一样不费力。effort-making 意为“费劲的”。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：从我记事起，Ed就一直是家里身体最不健康的人，奇怪的是，他还为自己感到骄傲。A. strangely奇怪地；B. personally亲自地；C. reasonably合理地；D. eagerly急切地。结合空后“proud of himself”，虽然 Ed 体力状况在一家人中最差，但他却奇怪地（strangely）为自己感到骄傲。故选A。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然家人经常拿这个开玩笑，但Ed拒绝买大一号的T恤或减肥。A. cared关心；B. forgot忘记；C. quarreled争吵；D. joked开玩笑。根据前文“His big stomach has always ballooned out between his T-shirt and trousers”及空后“about that”，that指他的大肚子，由于 Ed 太胖，他的肚子就像一只气球，所以家人经常就此开他的玩笑（joke about that）。故选D。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然家人经常拿这个开玩笑，但Ed拒绝买大一号的T恤或减肥。A. clean干净的；B. larger更大的；C. straight直的；D. darker更黑的。上文讲到“His big stomach has always ballooned out between his T-shirt and trousers(他的大肚子总是像一只气球一样突出在汗衫与长裤之间)”，这说明他的 T-shirt 不够大。故选B。
28题详解】
考查动词和动词短语辨析。句意：所以，当Ed来参加我们的比赛时，他的衬衣扎在裤子里，肚子几乎让人看不出来，我惊讶得说不出话来。A. set out出发；B. got ready准备好；C. arrived到达；D. returned返回。结合后文描述Ed的身材变化可知，Ed 身材的变化应是在他到来（arrived）之际才能发现。故选C。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以，当Ed来参加我们的比赛时，他的衬衣扎在裤子里，肚子几乎让人看不出来，我惊讶得说不出话来。A. notice注意到；B. admire钦佩；C. believe相信；D. measure测量。此句主要是描述作者注意到的 Ed 身材的变化：他的衬衣扎在裤子里，肚子几乎让人看不出来（a stomach you could hardly notice）。故选A。
【30题详解】
考查短语辨析。句意：结果，在我们比赛的时候，我本以为比分会是9比1对我有利，结果却变成了7比9，Ed领先。A. After all毕竟；B. As a result结果；C. Above all首先；D. At last终于。因后面的内容讲的正是 Ed 因改变体形而在比赛中曾一度领先，故选 as a result。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：结果，在我们比赛的时候，我本以为比分会是9比1对我有利，结果却变成了7比9，Ed领先。A. mistakenly错误地；B. then然后；C. instead相反；D. naturally自然地。作者原认为会9：1自己领先，而结果却是7：9，故用 instead 表示后者取代了前者。故选C。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：结果，在我们比赛的时候，我本以为比分会是9比1对我有利，结果却变成了7比9，Ed领先。A. leading导先，领导；B. coming来到；C. waiting等待；D. counting要紧。根据下文“The sudden realization was painful”说明比赛的结果不是像作者的那样自己领先，而是 Ed 领先。故选A。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当比分上升到16分时，我对自己能否活到21岁产生了严重的怀疑，更别说能得那么多分了。A. thoughts想法；B. doubts怀疑；C. situations情况；D. problems问题。此处的语境是：当比分达到16平时，作者便怀疑自己能否活到21岁。这充分说明比赛的激烈程度以及作者的疲惫程度。故选B。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当比分上升到16分时，我对自己能否活到21岁产生了严重的怀疑，更别说能得那么多分了。A. scoring得分；B. completing完成；C. receiving收到；D. keeping保持。根据后文“that many points”可知此处指得分。故选A。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在某种程度上，我认为我们都赢了：我赢了比赛，但Ed表弟赢得了我的尊重。A. friendship友谊；B. respect尊重；C. support支持；D. favor帮助。从文篇的前半部分可知，作者蔑视Ed。但比赛的事实教育了他，使他对Ed另眼相看，其情感色彩正与过去相反：尊敬（respect）。故选B。

第二节 短文语法填空(共10小题:小1，满分10分)
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.
With the rise in COVID -19 cases, this year’s May Day holiday didn’t offer the usual opportunities for travel that it generally would. However, some of my favorite spots remained open. I ___36___ (take) the chance to visit one of them, Beihai Park. And I was able to explore it in ___37___ (great) detail and restudy it from a fresher point of view.
Actually, I had visited Beihai Park many times in all seasons. This time, rather than heading straight to ___38___ (it) most popular site, the White Pagoda, I explored some of the temples and places to its south. ___39___ the mass of crowds constantly forcing me forward, I felt much less pressure to move from place to place.
I was able to take my time and focus more on the ___40___ (unbelievable) complex details of these buildings, in particular the mythical creatures on the corners of the ___41___ (roof ). The size and amount of these creatures played multiple role for buildings in the past, both ___42___ (represent) its significance -- the greater the number of creatures, the more important it was.
___43___ these creations follow a general style, the colors and designs on display have a unique flavor. The park has amazing feature and pieces of culture and history ___44___ are not obvious at first sight. By making the most of the current situation, I’ve been able to have ___45___ better understanding of it and realize that I still know so little about it.
【答案】36. took
37. greater
38. its 39. Without

40. unbelievably
41. roofs 42. representing
43. Although##Though##While
44. that##which 45. a
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述的是因为新冠疫情的原因，作者不能外出度假。但是仍然还有一些场所是开门的。在今年的五一假期期间，作者再一次参观了北海公园。
【36题详解】
考查时态。句意：我有机会参观了一个我最喜欢的地方——北海公园。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写谓语动词。根据前文的remained可知，整句话描述的是过去发生的事情，故应用一般过去时。take the chance to visit+地点为动词短语，意为“有机会参观某地”。take的过去式为took。故填took。
【37题详解】
考查形容词。句意：我能够更详细地探索它，并从一个新的角度重新研究它。根据句中and后的fresher可知，设空处应该也应该填写比较级作定语修饰detail，构成并列结构。great为形容词，意为“好的”，比较级为greater。故填greater。
【38题详解】
考查代词。句意：这一次，我没有直接前往最受欢迎的景点白塔，而是探索了它南边的一些寺庙和地方。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写形容词性物主代词作定语修饰site。it的形容性物主代词为its。故填its。
【39题详解】
考查介词。句意：没有了拥挤的人群不断地迫使我前进，我感到从一个地方走到另一个地方的压力小得多。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写介词构成介词短语；根据后文的“I felt much less pressure to move from place to place.”可知，前文应该表达的是没有拥挤的人群。without为介词，意为“没有”，符合句意。同时该单词置于句首，首字母应该大写。故填写Without。
【40题详解】
考查副词。句意：我能够从容地把更多的精力放在这些建筑令人难以置信地复杂细节上，尤其是屋顶角落里那些神秘的生物（石雕）。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写副词修饰形容词complex。unbelievable为形容词，意为“令人难以置信的”，其副词是unbelievably。故填unbelievably。
41题详解】
考查名词。句意：同上。根据句子结构设空处应该使用名词作宾语。提示词roof为可数名词，意为“屋顶”，此处表示不止一个屋顶，应用复数。故填roofs。
【42题详解】
考查独立主格结构。句意：这些生物的大小和数量在过去的建筑中扮演着多重角色，都代表着它的重要性——生物（石雕）数量越多，它就越重要。句子中的played为谓语动词，设空处应该使用的是非谓语动词；同时both与设空处构成独立主格形式，且二者之间是主动关系，因此应该用现在分词。represent为动词意为“代表”，其现在分词为representing，符合句意。故填representing。
【43题详解】
考查连词。句意：尽管这些作品遵循一般的风格，展示的颜色和设计都有独特的味道。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写连词，连接本句和下句；同时根据句意，上下句构成让步关系。although/though/while为连词，意为“尽管”，符合题意，该空置于句首，首字母应该大写。故填Although/Though/While。
【44题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：这个公园有令人惊叹的特色和文化历史，乍一看并不明显。根据句子结构，设空处引导的是限制性定语从句，指代前文的feature and pieces of culture and history，为物，引导词在从句中作主语。故填that或which。
【45题详解】
考查冠词。句意：通过充分利用目前的情况，我已经能够更好地了解它，并意识到我仍然对它知之甚少。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写冠词，构成名词短语a better understanding作宾语。have a better understanding为动词短语，意为“有着一个更好的理解”，更好的理解表示的泛指，且better发音是以辅音音素开头的。故填a。

第三节 单句语法填空(共10小题:每小题1分，满分10分)
46. __________(commit) to reforming health care, the President finally won the approval of voters.(所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】Committed
【解析】
【详解】考查过去分词。句意：总统承诺改革卫生保健制度，最后赢得了选民的支持。动词commit和逻辑主语the President之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词作状语，首字母应大写。故填Committed。
47. In addition to making people aware of a product or service, a successful advertisement will also create a desire to by, thus___________(boost) business. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】boosting
【解析】
【详解】考查现在分词。句意：除了让人们了解产品或服务外，成功的广告还将产生购买欲望，从而促进生意。动词boost的逻辑主语是前面的句子，两者之间是主谓关系，故用现在分词作结果状语。故填boosting。
48. Slogans use simple but impressive language to make us remember the product or service_______(advertise) at that time. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】being advertised
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：口号使用简单但令人印象深刻语言，使我们记住当时正在做广告的产品或服务。动词advertise和the product or service之间是被动关系，结合“at that time”可知，此处表示动作正在进行，故用现在分词的被动式作后置定语。故填being advertised。
49. We are very likely to receive special discounts and promotion___(target) specifically at us. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】targeted
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们很可能会收到专门针对我们的特别折扣和促销。分析句子可知，此处应用非谓语动词作定语，空处与逻辑主语之间是被动关系，故空处应用过去分词作定语，结合语意可知，此处意为“针对，面向”，故应用targeted。故填targeted。
50. In order for an opinion_________(accept) by the reader, the author often supports it with evidence. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】accepted
【解析】
【详解】考查过去分词。句意：为了使一个观点被读者接受，作者经常用证据来支持它。动词accept和an opinion之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填accepted。
51. When______(absorb) in work, which he often was, he would forget all about eating or sleeping. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】absorbed
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当他全神贯注于工作时，他会忘记吃饭或睡觉，这是常常发生的事。分析句子可知，此处应用动词非谓语形式作状语，空处与逻辑主语之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作状语，结合语意可知，此处意为“全神贯注”，故应用absorbed。故填absorbed。
52. You need a book________(intend) for beginners of English for the time being. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】intended
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：你暂时需要一本针对英语初学者的书。分析句子可知，此处应用动词非谓语形式作定语，空处与逻辑主语之间是被动关系，故此处应用动词过去分词作定语，结合语意可知，此处意为“为……设计的”，故空处应用intended。故填intended。
53. He denied the_________(accuse) that he had ignored the problems. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】accusation
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：他否认了他忽视这些问题的指控。空处应填名词作宾语，accusation“控告，指控”符合题意，此处特指下文提到的“忽视这些问题”的控告，应用单数形式。故填accusation。
54. He strongly opposed the plan_______(carry) out without the approval of the authorities. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】carried
【解析】
【详解】考查过去分词。句意：他强烈反对未经当局批准而实施的计划。动词carry和the plan之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填carried。
55. The variety and_______(access) of online news means that the rapid rise of online news media is. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】access
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：网络新闻的多样性和可获取性意味着网络新闻媒体的迅速崛起。分析句子可知，此处应用名词作主语，结合语意可知，此处意为“可接触性、可获取性”，故应用access。故填access。

第四部分写作(共两节，满分 35分)
第一节应用文写作(满分15分)
56. 假如你是李华，暑假在伦敦学习，得知当地美术馆（gallery）要举办中国画展。请写一封信申请做志愿者，内容包括：
1.写信目的；
2.个人优势；
3.期盼答复。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Sin/Madam,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Sir/Madam,
I’m writing to apply to be a volunteer for the Chinese Painting Exhibition to be held in your art gallery. I think that I am qualified for this job, because I have learned Chinese painting since childhood. Besides, I am fluent in both Chinese and English, which enables me to introduce Chinese paintings better. If I am lucky enough to be chosen as a volunteer, I can show visitors around the gallery and get them to know more about Chinese painting.
I would be very grateful if you could offer me the opportunity. I’m looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给伦敦当地的美术馆写一封申请信，申请成为将要举办的中国画展的志愿者。
【详解】1.词汇积累
认为：think→believe
有资格：be qualified for→be eligible for
除此以外：besides→in addition
感激的：grateful→thankful
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I’m writing to apply to be a volunteer for the Chinese Painting Exhibition to be held in your art gallery.
拓展句：I’m writing to apply to be a volunteer for the Chinese Painting Exhibition which will be held in your art gallery.
【点睛】【高分句型1】I think that I am qualified for this job, because I have learned Chinese painting since childhood.（运用了that引导的宾语从句和because引导原因状语从句）
【高分句型2】Besides, I am fluent in both Chinese and English, which enables me to introduce Chinese paintings better.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）
第二节读后续写(满分20分)
57. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
The little boy
A little boy selling magazines for school walked up to a house that people rarely visited. The house was very old and shabby and the owner hardly ever came out. When he did come out, he would not say hello to his neighbors or passers-by but simply just glare at them.
The boy knocked on the door and waited, sweating from fear of the old man. The boy’s parents told him to stay away from the house, and a lot of the other neighborhood children were told the same thing from their parents.
Dust found the boy lingering on and hesitating what to do. As he was ready to walk away, the door slowly opened. “What do you want?” the old man said impatiently. The little boy was very afraid but he had a quota(份额) to meet for school with selling the magazines. So he got up the courage and said, “Uh, sir, I am selling these magazines and uh, I was wondering if you would like to buy one from me.”
The old man just stared at the boy without a word. The boy could see inside the old man’s house and saw that he had dog figurines(小雕像) on the fireplace mantle. “Do you collect dogs?” The little boy asked. “Yes, I have many collections in my house. They are my family here and they are all I have.” The boy then felt sorry for the man, as it seemed that he was a very lonely soul.
“Well, I do have a magazine here for collectors. It is perfect for you. I also have one about dogs since you like dogs so much.” The old man was ready to close the door on the boy and said, “No, boy. I don’t need any magazines of any kind, now goodbye.”
The little boy was sad that he was not going to make his quota with the sale. He was also sad for the old man being so alone in the house that he owned. The boy went home and then had an idea. He had a little dog figurine that he got some years ago from an aunt. The figurine did not mean nearly as much to him since he had a real live dog and a large family.
Para 1:
The little boy headed back down to the old man’s house.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Para 2:
From that day on something changed inside the old man.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】参考范文1：
The boy headed back down to the old man’s house. The thought of knocking at the old man’s door filled the little boy with fear, though, he still knocked on the door, waiting breathlessly. Finally, it opened, and out came the old man. Seeing the boy holding a well-wrapped dog figurine, he looked very astonished but still glared at him without a word. Determined to break the ice, the boy gave the old man the gift with a precious card attached, expressing his care. Deeply moved by all the boy did, the old man could say nothing but to hug him tightly, the tears of appreciation welling up. Out of gratitude, he bought a magazine from the boy and saw him off.
From that day on something changed inside the old man. He adopted a real live dog and treated him as his child. It seemed that it was the company of the dog that led the lonely soul out of darkness and loneliness. Gradually, he was willing to greet others and wear a bright smile, expressing his appreciation to life. Indeed, only when we open up the door of our heart, can we be bathed in the brilliant sunshine and enjoy the warmth of love and care.
参考范文2：
The boy headed back down to the old man’s house. The dog figurine witnessed the little boy’s ending up opening the door once more. Upon seeing the boy for a second time, the old man couldn’t bring his anger under control any longer. “Haven’t I told you I need no magazines at all?” He snapped at the boy. “Yes, sir.” said the little boy with an uneasy expression on his face, “But I think you will like the figurine.” Then he handed it to the old man. Taking the figurine from the boy’s hands, the lonely soul was so astonished that words failed to convey his emotions, tears welling up in his eyes. “Thank you so much!” he said to the boy tenderly.
From that day on something changed inside the old man. The neighborhood always found the old man hanging out and smiling at everyone. He showed his precious collections to children who were now very willing to play with him. He used to collect figurines in memory of a real live dog which had kept company with him for a long time before it died. But now, he wasn’t drowned in the sorrows and loneliness anymore. He had realized the true spirit of life!
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达是读后续写。
【详解】本篇书面表达是读后续写。通过阅读所给文章可知，文章讲述了一个小男孩向一位孤独的老人卖杂志，老人拒绝了，男孩看到老人收集的小狗雕像，就送给老人自己的雕像，温暖了老人孤独的内心的故事。
（参考范文1）续写部分分为两段，第一段开头是：The boy headed back down to the old man’s house. ( 男孩朝老人的房子走去。)结合前文线索“The boy went home and then had an idea. He had a little dog figurine that he got some years ago from an aunt.”可知，小男孩有一个几年前从姑妈那里得到的小狗雕像，本段应该续写这个小男孩带着小狗雕像去送给这位孤独的老人，描写老人因小男孩的举动而触动内心，改变了对他的态度，比如因感动而买下了小男孩的杂志等；第二段开头是From that day on something changed inside the old man.( 从那天起，老人的内心发生了变化。) ，因此本段应该写老人的变化，比如与前文提及内容“When he did come out, he would not say hello to his neighbors or passers-by but simply just glare at them.( 当他出来的时候，他不会和邻居或路人打招呼，只是怒目而视。)”不同，他开始与人交流，有了真正的宠物狗作伴，老人不再孤独等，从而升华文章主旨：敞开心扉才能沐浴在阳光下，感受人间温暖和关爱。
（参考范文2）续写部分分为两段，第一段开头是：The boy headed back down to the old man’s house. ( 男孩朝老人的房子走去。)，结合前文伏笔“The boy went home and then had an idea. He had a little dog figurine that he got some years ago from an aunt.”可知，小男孩有一个几年前从姑妈那里得到的小狗雕像，本段应该续写这个小男孩带着小狗雕像去送给这位孤独的老人时，与老人之间的交流对话，主要围绕老人对此的反应展开描写，比如从刚开始的态度已然强硬拒绝到后来看到小狗雕像时的感动等；第二段开头是From that day on something changed inside the old man.( 从那天起，老人的内心发生了变化。) ，因此本段主要围绕“老人的变化”而展开描写，比如经常出门，与小男孩甚至与其他孩子成为朋友，从而讲述他不再因过去而悲伤，重新振作生活。
注意所续写短文的词数应为150左右，按要求完成写作任务。
【点睛】本文描写详略得当，使用了高级词汇和高级句子。如：
（参考范文1）
1.高级词汇：knock at; glare at; well up; out of gratitude; see sb. off; treat…as; be willing to do; be bathed in
2.高级句式：
Finally, it opened, and out came the old man. ( out came the old man 为完全倒装句式)
Seeing the boy holding a well-wrapped dog figurine, he looked very astonished but still glared at him without a word. (seeing the boy holding a well-wrapped dog figurine为现在分词作状语)
Determined to break the ice, the boy gave the old man the gift with a precious card attached, expressing his care. (with a precious card attached为with复合结构，即独立主格结构)
It seemed that it was the company of the dog that led the lonely soul out of darkness and loneliness. (it was the company of the dog that led the lonely soul out of darkness and loneliness为强调句式)
Indeed, only when we open up the door of our heart, can we be bathed in the brilliant sunshine and enjoy the warmth of love and care.(only+时间状语从句置于句首，主句采用部分倒装结构)
（参考范文2）
1.高级词汇：upon doing sth; not…any longer; snap at; hand sth to sb.; well up; hang out; smile at; be willing to do; in memory of; keep company with sb.; be drowned in
2.高级句式：
Taking the figurine from the boy’s hands, the lonely soul was so astonished that words failed to convey his emotions, tears welling up in his eyes.( taking the figurine from the boy’s hands 为现在分词作状语；so…that 引导结果状语从句；tears welling up in his eyes为独立主格结构)
He showed his precious collections to children who were now very willing to play with him.(who引导限制性定语从句修饰先行词children)
He used to collect figurines in memory of a real live dog which had kept company with him for a long time before it died.(which引导限制性定语从句修饰先行词a real live dog)