2022-2023学年宁夏青铜峡市宁朔中学高二上学期线上期末考试英语试题（解析版）

这是一份2022-2023学年宁夏青铜峡市宁朔中学高二上学期线上期末考试英语试题（解析版），共25页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，周天和周四下午不营业，完形填空，语法填空，词汇，短文改错等内容，欢迎下载使用。

青铜峡市宁朔中学 2022-2023 学年第一学期
高二年级英语学科期末考试测评卷
满分：150 分;
第 I 卷(选择题)
一、阅读理解 (每小题 2 分，总计 40 分)
A


1. How many days is South Quay Medical Centre open a week?
A. Two and a half. B. Three.
C. Four and a half. D. Two
2. What does Linda have to do if she wants to make a same-day appointment?
A. She has to visit www.sydneylatenightpharmacies.com.
B. She has to call 023881 by 8:30.
C. She has to email Dr. Peter King or Dr. Vicky Ho.
D. She has to call 023993.
3. Which of the following is true about South Quay Medical Centre?
A. It provides two kinds of appointments.
B. You can call 023993 in a medical emergency.
C. You can’t get help outside the working hours.
D. You can call 023881 in a medical emergency.
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。本文是一篇通知，主要展示了South Quay医疗中心的基本的营业信息。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据表格第二部分“We are closed on Saturdays, Sundays and Thursday afternoons.(我们周六、周天和周四下午不营业。)”可知，该医疗中心一周休息两天半，一周营业四天半。故选C项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据表格第三部分“Same-day appointments. Call 023881 by 8:30 as there are only a few available.(当天预约。八点半之前打023881，因为剩下的空位不多了。)”可知，如果Linda想要约当天问诊，需要在八点半前打023881这个电话。故选B项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据表格第三部分“Appointments(预约)”下的“Appointments made in advance.(提前预约)”、“Same day appointments.(当日预约)”和“Emergency appointments.(紧急预约)”可知，该医疗中心提供三种预约方式，故A项错误。根据表格第二部分“In a medical emergency, call 023993.(紧急医疗问题致电023993。)”可知，如果有医疗的紧急情况，可以直接打023993，故B项正确，D项错误。根据表格第二部分“Outside our working hours, call Sydney Out of Hours Medical Services on 023994 for medical advice.(非工作时间可以打023994找非工作时间的悉尼医疗服务寻求医疗帮助。)”可知，非工作时间也可以得到医疗帮助，故C项错误。故选B项。
B
People may wonder why different words are used to describe these four countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. You can clarify this question if you study British history.
First there was England. Wales was linked to it in the thirteenth century. Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well. Next England and Wales were joined to Scotland in the seventeenth century and the name was changed to “Great Britain”. Happily this was accomplished without conflict when King James of Scotland became King of England and Wales as well. Finally the English government tried in the early twentieth century to form the United Kingdom by getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful way. However, the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke away to form its own government. So only Northern Ireland joined with England, Wales and Scotland to become the United Kingdom and this was shown to the world in a new flag called the Union Jack.
To their credit the four countries do work together in some areas (eg, the currency and international relations), but they still have very different institutions. For example, Northern Ireland, England and Scotland have different educational and legal systems as well as different football teams for competitions like the World Cup!
England is the largest of the four countries, and for convenience it is divided roughly into three zones. The zone nearest France is called the South of England, the middle zone is called the Midlands and the one nearest to Scotland is known as the North. You find most of the population settled in the south, but most of the industrial cities in the Midlands and the North of England. Although, nationwide, these cities are not as large as those in China, they have world-famous football teams and some of them even have two! It is a pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors. For historical architecture you have to go to older but smaller towns built by the Romans. There you will find out more about British history and culture.
4. What’s the part of Ireland that separated from England called?
A. Wales. B. Scotland.
C. Republic of Southern Ireland. D. Northern Ireland.
5. What’s the main idea of paragraph 2?
A. The history of England. B. How was the UK formed.
C. How is England divided. D. The differences in the four countries.
6. What does the four countries have in common?
A. Educational system. B. Legal system. C. Football team. D. The currency.
7. Which zone has the most population of England?
A. The South of England. B. The Midlands.
C. The North of England. D. The West of England.
【答案】4. C 5. B 6. D 7. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国国家的构成以及历史原因。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“However, the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke away to form its own government.(然而，爱尔兰南部地区不愿意，它独立，组建了自己的政府)”可知，爱尔兰脱离英格兰的那部分叫爱尔兰南部共和国。故选C。
【5题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段“First there was England. Wales was linked to it in the thirteenth century. Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well. Next England and Wales were joined to Scotland in the seventeenth century and the name was changed to “Great Britain”. Happily this was accomplished without conflict when King James of Scotland became King of England and Wales as well. Finally the English government tried in the early twentieth century to form the United Kingdom by getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful way. However, the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke away to form its own government. So only Northern Ireland joined with England, Wales and Scotland to become the United Kingdom and this was shown to the world in a new flag called the Union Jack.(首先是英国。威尔士在13世纪与它有联系。现在，当人们提到英格兰时，你会发现威尔士也包括在内。接着，英格兰和威尔士在17世纪并入苏格兰，更名为“大不列颠”。令人高兴的是，当苏格兰的詹姆斯国王成为英格兰和威尔士的国王时，这一过程没有发生冲突。最后，英国政府在20世纪初试图通过同样和平的方式把爱尔兰连接起来，组成联合王国。然而，爱尔兰南部地区不愿意，它独立，组建了自己的政府。因此，只有北爱尔兰与英格兰、威尔士和苏格兰联合成为“联合王国”，并以名为“联合国旗”的新国旗向世界展示了这一点)”可知，第二段的主要观点是英国是如何形成的。故选B。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“To their credit the four countries do work together in some areas (eg, the currency and international relations), but they still have very different institutions.(值得赞扬的是，这四个国家确实在某些领域（如货币和国际关系）进行了合作，但它们仍然有非常不同的制度)”可知，四个国家货币相同。故选D。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“You find most of the population settled in the south, but most of the industrial cities in the Midlands and the North of England.(你会发现大部分人口都定居在南部，但大部分工业城市都在英格兰中部和北部)”可知，英格兰英国南部地区人口最多。故选A。
C
阅读理解。
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
A
Let us suppose it is now about A. D. 2060. Let’s believe it is about forty-four years from now. Of course, things have changed and life is very different.
Voyages to the moon are being made every day. It is as easy to take a holiday on the moon today as it was for the people in 1960 to take a holiday in Europe. At a number of scenic spots on the moon, many hotels have been built. The hotels are air-conditioned, naturally. In order that everyone can enjoy the beautiful scenery on the moon, every room has at least one picture window. Everything imaginable is provided for entertainment of young and old.
What are people eating now? People are still eating food. They haven’t yet started to take on heir (继承) supply of energy directly. They may some day. But many foods now come in pill forms, and the food that goes into the pill continues to come mainly from green plants.
Since there are several times as many people in the world today as there were a hundred years ago most of our planet’s surface has to be filled. The deserts are irrigated (灌溉) with water and crops are no longer destroyed by pests. The harvest is always good.
Farming, of course, is very highly developed. Very few people have to work on the farm. It is possible to run the farm by just pushing a few buttons now and then.
Such would be our life in 2060.
8. When was the passage written?
A. In about 1960. B. In about 2004. C. In about 2010. D. In about 2016.
9. According to the passage, what will there be on the moon in about 2060?
A. Many tourists. B. Many other animals. C. Many plants. D. A sea.
10. What will people eat then according to the passage?
A. Biscuits in pill forms. B. Foods in pill forms.
C. Foods in water forms. D. Foods in gas forms.
11. What will happen in the future?
A. There is smaller population. B. There are more pests.
C. There is less water. D. The crops are getting better.
【答案】8. D 9. A 10. B 11. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章简单介绍了未来2060年人们的生活。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Let us suppose it is now about A. D. 2060. Let’s believe it is about forty-four years from now.(让我们假设现在大约是公元2060年。让我们相信这是大约44年以后)”可推算出，本文大约写于2016年。故选D。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Voyages to the moon are being made every day. It is as easy to take a holiday on the moon today as it was for the people in 1960 to take a holiday in Europe. At a number of scenic spots on the moon, many hotels have been built. The hotels are air-conditioned, naturally. In order that everyone can enjoy the beautiful scenery on the moon, every room has at least one picture window. Everything imaginable is provided for entertainment of young and old.(前往月球的航行每天都在进行。今天在月球上度假就像1960年人们去欧洲度假一样容易。在月球上的许多景点，建起了许多旅馆。 酒店里自然有空调。为了让每个人都能欣赏到月球上的美景，每个房间至少有一个观景窗。 所有你能想到的东西都为老少提供了娱乐)”可知，到2060年，月球上将会有度假的人们（游客）、旅游景点和许多宾馆，故选A。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“But many foods now come in pill forms, and the food that goes into the pill continues to come mainly from green plants.(但是现在很多食物都是以药片的形式出现的，而药丸中的食物仍然主要来自绿色植物)”可知，未来人们会吃药片状的食物。故选B。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中“The deserts are irrigated (灌溉) with water and crops are no longer destroyed by pests. The harvest is always good.(沙漠用水灌溉，农作物不再被害虫破坏。收获总是很好)”可推知，未来的庄稼会越来越好。故选D。
D
We’ve got two dogs, Roxie and Cosita. My childhood memories are full of the cats we’ve loved, from my dad’s cat, Bandit, to our beloved white cat Cecelia, whose gray fur formed a perfect heart shape across her stomach. But since our last cat friend, Sunny the orange cat, died too young, we’ve been cat-less. The sudden loss of Sunny was hard to move on from, especially for my mom.
This year, Mom finally thought she was ready for a new kitten. It was all she wanted for her birthday on June 16. “Roxie and Cosita need a new friend!” she said. In the week leading up to her birthday, something happened. She started to hear a kitten’s meow (喵叫声) in the garage. Every time she went in and out of the garage, she could hear the soft cries but couldn’t tell the exact position of the sound. She asked my dad if he heard it too. He only shrugged (耸肩). At last, Mom’s birthday was arriving. She kept her fingers crossed, hoping for a kitten.
Over the past week, my dad had heard the kitten’s meow every time he walked past my mom’s car. One day he opened the hood (车盖) of the car, and a yellow kitten stared back at him. How in the world did she get there? And where did she come from? Dad didn’t know, but he fed the kitten every day, waiting for the day he’d give her to Mom.
The little kitten was such a perfect birthday gift, and Dad even didn’t need to leave the house to find her for my mom’s happy birthday! When it came time to name our new furry friend, we took inspiration from a song famously performed by Wilson Pickett and called her “Sally”.
12. What was difficult for Mom to forget?
A. The young orange cat’s death.
B. The moving of one of her friends.
C. The sudden death of the cat Bandit.
D. The heart shape across Cecelia’s stomach.
13. What gift did Mom hope for?
A. A new car. B. A little cat.
C. A little dog. D. A new cassette.
14. What can we learn about Sally?
A. Dad hid her in Mom’s car.
B. Sally was bought for Mom.
C. Sally was named after a song.
D. Mom received her ahead of the birthday.
15. What would be the best title for the text?
A. A new home for Sally B. My pet friends in memory
C. My mom’s happy birthday D. An unexpected birthday gift
【答案】12. A 13. B 14. C 15. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，妈妈最想要的生日礼物是一只小猫，一只小猫藏在爸爸汽车的引擎盖里，恰好就是给妈妈的礼物。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句The sudden loss of Sunny was hard to move on from, especially for my mom.可知妈妈很难忘记Sunny的去世。故A项正确。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段前两句This year, Mom finally thought she was ready for a new kitten. It was all she wanted for her birthday on June 16.可知妈妈最想要的生日礼物是一致小猫。故B项正确。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一句When it came time to name our new furry friend, we took inspiration from a song famously performed by Wilson Pickett and called her “Sally”.可知Sally是Wilson Pickett所唱的一首歌的名字，作者用这首歌的名字给这只猫起名。故C项正确。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。妈妈最想要的生日礼物是一只小猫，爸爸汽车的引擎盖里藏了一只小猫，恰好就是给妈妈的生日礼物。所以D项“意料之外的生日礼物”符合文章中心思想。
【点睛】本文小题4考查了主旨大意。我们可以寻找主题句，确定文章中心思想。不是所有的文章都有主题句，对于大部分有主题句的文章来说，主题句表达了文章的中心思想，找到了主题句，也就抓住了文章的主旨大意。主题句呈现的形式有：
1、在文首。文章开门见山，提出主题，随后摆事实、讲道理来解释、支撑和发展主题句所表达的主题思想。
2、在文中。通常前面只提出问题，随之陈述细节引出主题，而后做进一步的解释、支撑或发展。
3、在文尾。在表述细节后，归纳要点，得出结论，以概括主题。
试试看：你能找出下面一段文章的主题句吗？
The panda is a popular animal. Stories about the panda in the Washington Zoo are always front page news and important features on television newscasts. Stuffed pandas are among the most popular toys for children, and panda postcards are always in demand in zoo gift shops.
解析：不难看出，文章的第一句是主题句，后面的句子都围绕这个句子展开。
七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。You fall down on the road and a kid you barely know rushes over to help. You come home after a long day to find your dad has prepared your favorite meal. Just before lunch in social studies class, you learn about places where people don’t have clean water or enough food. _______16_______ They’re likely to make you feel grateful.Gratitude (感恩) is one of many positive emotions. It’s about focusing on what’s good in our lives and being thankful for the things we have. _______17_______ It’s taking a moment to reflect on how fortunate we are when something good happens — whether it’s a small thing or a big thing.
______18______ Making a habit of gratitude can also be good for us. Like other positive emotions, feeling grateful on a regular basis can have a big effect on our lives. Brain research shows that positive emotions are good for our bodies, minds, and brains.Positive emotions open us up to see more possibilities and take in more information. They improve our ability to develop skills, learn, and make good decisions.
_______19_______ When we feel grateful for someone’s kindness toward us, we may be more likely to do a kindness in return. Thanking people can make it more likely they’ll do a kindness again.
_______20_______ When we feel and express heartfelt gratitude and appreciation to people in our lives, it creates loving bonds, builds trust, and helps you feel closer.
A. Gratitude doesn’t just feel good.
B. What do these have in common?
C. Gratitude can lead to positive actions.
D. Gratitude helps us build better relationships.
E. Such kind of people are more likely to succeed.
F. We can use lots of words to describe feelings of gratitude.
G. Gratitude is stopping to notice and appreciate the things that we often take for granted.
【答案】16 B 17. G 18. A 19. C 20. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。心怀感恩是有利于身心健康积极情绪之一，本文重点介绍了什么是感激以及感激他人为我们带来的好处。
【16题详解】
由上文举的例子引出话题，以及下文对此处做了回答，“They’re likely to make you feel grateful.(这些事情都很可能会让你心存感激)”，故可推断空格处为问句：这些事情的共同点是什么？此处选择问句B项What do these have in common?(这些事情有什么共同之处)符合此推断，引起下文。故选B项。
【17题详解】
根据下文“It’s taking a moment to reflect on how fortunate we are when something good happens — whether it’s a small thing or a big thing. (我们需要花点时间来反思，当好事发生时，我们是多么的幸运——无论它是一件小事还是一件大事。)”结合选项G项Gratitude is stopping to notice and appreciate the things that we often take for granted.（感激就是暂停片刻留意以及感激那些我们认为理所当然的事情）。下文中的it指代“Gratitude”,G 选项与下文内容相呼应，上下文语意连贯。故选G项。
【18题详解】
由下文内容“Making a habit of gratitude can also be good for us. Like other positive emotions, feeling grateful on a regular basis can have a big effect on our lives. Brain research shows that positive emotions are good for our bodies, minds, and brains. Positive emotions open us up to see more possibilities and take in more information. They improve our ability to develop skills, learn, and make good decisions. (养成感恩习惯对我们也有好处。像其他积极的情绪一样，经常感到感恩可以对我们的生活产生很大的影响。大脑研究表明，积极的情绪对我们的身体、思想和大脑都有好处。积极的情绪让我们看到更多的可能性，接受更多的信息。他们提高我们发展技能的能力，学习，并做出好的决定。)”可知，分析了心存感恩带来的其他益处，故此处选择A项Gratitude doesn’t just feel good.(感激不仅仅会让我们感觉良好。)来引起下文。故选A项。
【19题详解】
由下文内容“When we feel grateful for someone’s kindness toward us, we may be more likely to do a kindness in return. Thanking people can make it more likely they’ll do a kindness again. (当我们感激别人对我们的善意时，我们可能更有可能做一个善意的回报。感谢别人会使他们更有可能再次做一件好事。)”可知，提到我们对他人的善意心存感激时，我们更有可能会善待他人作为回报，此处选择C项Gratitude can lead to positive actions.(感激会带来一些积极的行动)来引起下文，上下文语意连贯。故选C项。
【20题详解】
由下文内容“When we feel and express heartfelt gratitude and appreciation to people in our lives, it creates loving bonds, builds trust, and helps you feel closer. (当我们对生活中的人表达由衷的感激和感激时，就会建立爱的纽带，建立信任，让你们感觉更亲密。)”可知，本段主要论述了向他人表达感激之情会增强人与人之间互爱互敬的纽带，建立人与人之间的信任感等，故此处选择D项Gratitude helps us build better relationships.(感激有助于建立更好的人际关系)可以概括本段主旨。故选D项。
二、完形填空(每空 1.5 分，总计 30 分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后面各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C 和 D 中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
阅读下面短文，从短文后面各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
On Sunday I had my own Father’s Day celebration. Suddenly I ___21___ about my dad a lot. My dad is ___22___ the kindest man in the world. He would never ___23___ anyone in trouble.
Every Thursday night, my dad would ___24___ Shreveport, to a church there. I always drove the car for him.
Although this happened many times, I ___25___ one incident on one of those trips to Shreveport. That time on the ___26___ , my dad saw a hitchhiker (搭便车的人). Dad asked me to pull the car over and offer him a ___27___. Dad asked him his name and address, told him ours, and talked to him about all sorts of things.
At first the hitchhiker was hesitant (迟疑的), but he changed his ___28___ as he could tell we were really listening to him. I did know that it was quite ___29___ outside and the hitchhiker was very happy to be able to get a lift in our warm car.
We ____30____ another forty-five minutes and learned that the hitchhiker was ____31____ many difficulties in life. Dad told him to keep his head up and said that ____32____ would become better for him soon. He ____33____ into his pocket and handed the hitchhiker a twenty-dollar bill, leaving only a ten-dollar bill for himself. The hitchhiker then became very ____34____ .
I was always told never to ____35____ a hitchhiker and yet my dad did it every time he saw one. Dad always gave them money ____36____ he did not have much of his own.
From that I’ve learned a lot about my dad and ____37____ . I’ve learned that if you come from a place with ____38____ , you will show a lot of kindness to people who are ____39____ . Just one single kind act may ____40____ someone’s life.
21. A. worried B. thought C. talked D. learned
22. A. hardly B. basically C. absolutely D. finally
23. A. refuse B. receive C. abandon D. abuse
24. A. drive to B. stay in C. come from D. head for
25. A. saw B. remind C. forget D. remember
26. A. field B. street C. side D. way
27. A. gift B. lift C. chance D. sign
28. A. attitude B. trip C. route D. road
29. A. dark B. sunny C. cold D. windy
30. A. walked B. escaped C. drove D. flew
31. A. confronting B. finding C. deciding D. causing
32. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything
33. A. turned B. reached C. looked D. got
34. A. angry B. nervous C. sad D. grateful
35. A. give up B. pick up C. put up D. set up
36. A. and B. if C. though D. unless
37. A. life B. business C. adventure D. entertainment
38. A. laughter B. success C. complaint D. love
39. A. suffering B. travelling C. playing D. studying
40. A. enjoy B. change C. risk D. share
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. A 24. D 25. D 26. D 27. B 28. A 29. C 30. C 31. A 32. D 33. B 34. D 35. B 36. C 37. A 38. D 39. A 40. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的父亲总是帮助别人，作者从中受到很大的影响和教育。父亲助人为乐的精神影响着作者也去帮助别人，对需要帮助的人献出爱心。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：突然我想起了我的爸爸。A. worried担忧；B. thought想，认为；C. talked谈论；D. learned学习。根据下文作者对父亲的描述可知，作者想到了自己的父亲。故选B项。
【22题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我爸爸绝对是世界上最善良的人。A. hardly几乎不；B. basically基本地；C. absolutely绝对地；D. finally最后。根据下文的故事和下文“my dad did it every time he saw one(我爸爸每次看到一个搭车的人都会这么做（让人搭便车）)”可知，作者认为父亲绝对是最善良的人。故选C项。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他从不拒绝任何有困难的人。A. refuse拒绝；B. receive收到；C. abandon抛弃；D. abuse滥用。根据上文“My dad is ___2___ the kindest man in the world.(我爸爸绝对是世界上最善良的人)”可知，因为父亲是善良的，所以他从不拒绝帮助别人。故选A项。
【24题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：每周四晚上，我爸爸都会去Shreveport，去那里的一座教堂。A. drive to开车去；B. stay in停留在；C. come from从……来；D. head for朝……进发。根据下文“to a church there. I always drove the car for him”可知，作者的父亲是要去Shreveport。故选D项。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管这件事发生了很多次，但我记得有一次去Shreveport的旅行中发生了一件事。A. saw看见；B. remind提醒；C. forget忘记；D. remember记得。根据下文作者回忆去Shreveport的途中父亲让人搭便车的故事可知，作者记起了这件事。故选D项。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：那一次在路上，我爸爸看到一个搭便车的人。A. field田地；B. street街道；C. side方面；D. way道路。根据下文“my dad saw a hitchhiker (搭便车的人)”可知，作者和父亲是在去Shreveport的途中。故选D项。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：爸爸让我把车停下来，让他搭便车。A. gift礼物；B. lift搭便车；C. chance机会；D. sign迹象。根据上文“my dad saw a hitchhiker (搭便车的人)”和下文语境可知，父亲让搭车人上车，准备载他一程。故选B项。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：起初，搭便车的人很犹豫，但他改变了态度，当他可以看出我们真的在听他说话时。A. attitude态度；B. trip旅行；C. route路线；D. road公路。根据句中“At first the hitchhiker was hesitant (迟疑的)”和“he could tell we were really listening to him”可知，当搭便车的人知道作者和父亲在认真地听他讲话时，他的态度也就变了，正是因为态度变了，他才上车，在下文才告诉作者和其父亲自己生活的不顺。故选A项。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我确实知道外面很冷，搭便车的人很高兴能坐上我们温暖的车。A. dark黑的；B. sunny阳光明媚的；C. cold冷的；D. windy有风的。根据下文“get a lift in our warm car”可知，外面很冷。故选C项。
30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们又开了45分钟，得知这位搭便车的人在生活中遇到了许多困难。A. walked散步；B. escaped逃脱；C. drove驾驶；D. flew放飞。根据上文“Dad asked me to pull the car over(爸爸让我把车停下来)”可知，当时他们一直在开车。故选C项。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们又开了45分钟，得知这位搭便车的人在生活中遇到了许多困难。A. confronting面对，对抗；B. finding找到；C. deciding决定；D. causing引起。根据下文“Dad told him to keep his head up and said that ___12___ would become better for him soon.(爸爸告诉他要保持清醒，并说___12___很快就会好起来)”可知，那个人当时面临很多困难。故选A项。
【32题详解】
考查代词词义辨析。句意：爸爸告诉他要保持清醒，并说一切很快就会好起来。A. something某事；B. anything任何事情；C. nothing什么也没有；D. everything所有事物。根据上文“many difficulties in life”和“Dad told him to keep his head up”可知，那个人当时面临很多困难，父亲安慰他说一切很快就会好起来。故选D项。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他把手伸进口袋，递给搭便车的人一张20美元的钞票，只给自己留了一张10美元的钞票。A. turned转变；B. reached能伸到、为某人伸手取（物）；C. looked看；D. got得到。根据下文“into his pocket and handed the hitchhiker a twenty-dollar bill”可知，作者的父亲把手伸进衣袋里拿钱给搭便车的人。故选B项。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：搭便车的人很感激。A. angry生气的；B. nervous紧张不安的；C. sad伤心的；D. grateful感激的。根据上文“handed the hitchhiker a twenty-dollar bill(递给搭便车的人一张20美元的钞票)”可知，那个人得到父亲的帮助后应该很感激。故选D项。
【35题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我总是被告知不要让路人搭便车，但我爸爸每次看到一个搭便车的人都会让人搭便车。A. give up放弃；B. pick up（通常指开车）接载；C. put up举起；D. set up建立。该空所在句应与下文“yet my dad did it every time he saw one”形成转折，这里指别人告诉作者永远不要让路人搭便车。故选B项。
【36题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：尽管父亲不是很有钱，他还是经常资助搭便车的人。A. and和；B. if如果；C. though尽管；D. unless除非。根据本句语境可知，前后两个分句表示让步关系。故选C项。
【37题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：从那以后，我对我的父亲和生活了解了很多。A. life生活；B. business生意；C. adventure冒险；D. entertainment娱乐。根据下文语境可知，作者学到了父亲乐于助人的品质和生活的道理。故选A项。
【38题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我了解到，如果你来自一个有爱的地方，你会对受苦的人表现出很多善意。A. laughter笑声；B. success成功；C. complaint抱怨；D. love爱。根据下文“you will show a lot of kindness to people”可知，只有在爱的环境中成长，才会善待他人。故选D项。
【39题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我了解到，如果你来自一个有爱的地方，你会对受苦的人表现出很多善意。A. suffering受苦；B. travelling旅行；C. playing玩耍；D. studying学习。根据上文父亲帮助有困难的人可知，人应该是会对受苦的人表现出很多善意。故选A项。
【40题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：仅仅一个善意的行为就可能改变一个人的生活。A. enjoy享受；B. change改变；C. risk冒险；D. share分享。根据句中的“kind act”和全文内容可知，一次简单的善行可能会改变人的一生。故选B项。
第 II 卷(非选择题)
三、语法填空(每空 1.5 分，总计 30 分)
(一)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
By far, the most ____41____(technology) challenging railway ever built was probably the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, completed in 2006, which connects Xining to Lhasa. The railway was first planned in the 1950s, but the technical difficulties were too much ____42____ (overcome). It was not until 1984____43____the first 814-kilometer section of the railway, from Xining to Golmud, was completed.
The biggest issue was the permafrost(冻结带)-frozen earth. In the summer, usually melting at a fast speed, the top layer of the permafrost turns to mud,____44____(make) the ground unstable. A____45____(various) of solutions were used to get around this. In some cases, railway bridges ____46____(build). In other cases, engineers installed pipes under the ground to keep it frozen during the summer. Finally, in some areas, it was impossible to build the railway over the permafrost, ____47____engineers tunneled through it.
It is hoped that the experience of building the Qinghai-Tibet Railway can be used in____48____ new project, linking China with Pakistan. This railway____49____(travel)1,000 kilometers through the Pamir Mountains, which are nicknamed the Roof of the World. Building such a railway will be_____50_____(doubt) a technical challenge. It has not yet been announced when construction on this project will start.
【答案】41. technologically
42. to overcome
43. that 44. making
45. variety
46. were built
47. so 48. a
49. will travel
50. undoubtedly
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。迄今为止，技术上最具挑战性的铁路可能是2006年完工的青藏铁路，这条铁路连接西宁和拉萨。文章主要介绍了青藏铁路修建所遇到的问题。
【41题详解】
考查副词。句意：迄今为止，技术上最具挑战性的铁路可能是2006年完工的青藏铁路，这条铁路连接西宁和拉萨。此处修饰形容词challenging“有挑战性的”，应用副词修饰形容词，故应用technologically“技术上地”，故填technologically。
【42题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：这条铁路最初是在20世纪50年代规划的，但技术上的困难太多了而无法克服。此处为句型too... to do...“太……以至于不能做……”结构，为动词不定式作结果状语，故填to overcome。
【43题详解】
考查强调句。句意：句意：直到1984年，从西宁到格尔木的第一个814公里的铁路才完工。去掉It was和设空处句子依然完整，由此可知，此处为强调句：it was not until+被强调部分+ that，此处强调时间状语“not until 1984”，故填that。
【44题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在夏天，通常永久冻土的顶层迅速融化，变成泥浆，使地面变得不稳定。此处作结果状语，make与主语the top layer of the permafrost之间为主动关系，此处应用现在分词作结果状语，表示意料之中的结果，故填making。
【45题详解】
考查名词。句意：为了解决这个问题，我们采用了各种解决方案。结合句意，此处表示“各种各样的”，表达为a variety of…，故填variety。
【46题详解】
考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：在一些情况下，修建了铁路桥。主语railway bridges与谓语build构成被动关系，结合上文solutions were used to get around this可知，此处应用一般过去时的被动语态。主语为railway bridges，谓语用复数，故填were built。
【47题详解】
考查连词。句意：最后，在一些地区，在永久冻土层上修建铁路是不可能的，所以工程师们在那里挖隧道。根据前文“修建铁路是不可能的”和后文“工程师挖隧道”可知，前后文构成因果关系，故应用连词so“因此”，故填so。
【48题详解】
考查冠词。句意：希望青藏铁路的建设经验可以用于一个新项目，连接中国和巴基斯坦。project“项目”为可数名词，此处泛指“一个项目”，且new是发音以辅音音素开头的单词，用不定冠词a，故填a。
【49题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：这条铁路将要穿行1000千米，横跨昵称为世界屋脊的帕米尔山脉。因为这条铁路线还没有建成，所以根据句意，travel应当使用一般将来时，故填will travel。
【50题详解】
考查副词。句意：建设这样一条铁路无疑是一项技术挑战。此处应用副词修饰整个句子，且意为“无疑地”，表达为undoubtedly，故填undoubtedly。
(二)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个恰当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Yellow Crane Tower is one of the Four Great Towers of China. ___51___ (sit) at the top of Snake Hill, on the banks of the Yangtze River, this symbolic building is one of the ___52___ (great) landmarks in Wuhan. There are a number of legends ___53___ tell how the Yellow Crane Tower came into being. One of them is the story of a wine merchant named Xin. It is believed that one day, ___54___ immortal being (神仙) pretended he was a poor man and got into Xin’s wine store. Xin, showing no judgement, ___55___ (offer) the man some free wine. The poor man came back day after day for several years and Xin always welcomed him with the same ___56___ (warm). One day, as the poor man left the store, he took some orange peel and drew a picture of a crane upon the wall. He said if he clapped his hands, the crane would come down from the wall and dance for him. ___57___ (surprise), what the poor man said was true. The dancing crane brought ___58___ much business to Xin that he soon became a very wealthy man. About ten years ___59___ (late), the immortal being came back to Xin’s store, called out the crane and left with it. ____60____ (honor) him and the crane, Xin built the Yellow Crane Tower.
【答案】51. Sitting
52. greatest
53. which##that
54. an 55. offered
56. warmth 57. Surprisingly
58. so 59. later
60. To honor
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了中国四大名楼之一黄鹤楼名字的由来。
【51题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这个标志性建筑坐落在长江之滨的蛇山之巅，是武汉最大的地标之一。分析句子结构，谓语动词为is，故空处需要填sit的非谓语形式；结合句意，表示“坐落于”为主动，故需要用现在分词doing的形式；位于句首需要大写首字母。故填Sitting。
【52题详解】
考查形容词的最高级。句意：这个标志性建筑坐落在长江之滨的蛇山之巅，是武汉最大的地标之一。根据空前one of the可知，空处需要填形容词的最高级形式，great的最高级形式为greatest。故填greatest。
【53题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：关于黄鹤楼是如何形成的，有许多传说。分析句子结构可知，此处为定语从句，先行词为legends（传说），为物，从句中缺少主语，故需要用关系代词which或that。故填which或that。
【54题详解】
考查冠词。句意：据说有一天，一个神仙假装自己是一个穷人，进入了辛氏的卖酒的小店。结合句意，此处泛指“一个神仙”，故需要用不定冠词a或an，空后immortal为元音音素开头的形容词。故填an。
【55题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：辛氏没有表现出任何评判的态度，反而给了那人一些免费的酒。分析句子结构，空处为本句的谓语部分，而综合全文，是在讲一个过去的传说故事，所以要用提示词offer的一般过去时态。故填offered。
【56题详解】
考查名词。句意：这个穷人日复一日地回来，好几年过去了，辛氏总是以同样的热情欢迎他。根据空前the same可知，空处需要填提示词warm的名词形式作宾语。故填warmth。
【57题详解】
考查副词。句意：令人惊讶的是，这个穷人说的是真的。分析句子结构，空处谓语句首，并用逗号隔开，故空处应填提示词surprise的副词形式修饰整个句子，位于句首需要大写首字母，故填Surprisingly。
【58题详解】
考查副词。句意：跳舞的鹤给辛氏带来了很多生意，他很快就成为了一个非常富有的人。空后为形容词much表示“许多的”修饰名词business，故空处需要填副词修饰形容词much；固定短语so much意为“很多”，符合句意。故填so。
【59题详解】
考查副词。句意：大约十年后，神仙又来到辛氏的店里，叫了鹤就走了。结合后文the immortal being came back可知，神仙在帮助了辛氏后便离去，十年后回来带走了鹤，故需要用later表“……以后”。故填later。
【60题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：为了纪念他和鹤，辛氏修建了黄鹤楼。分析句子成分，谓语动词为built，故空处需要用非谓语的形式；结合句意可知，辛氏修建黄鹤楼并以此命名是为了纪念神仙和鹤，故用to do不定式表目的，位于句首需要大写首字母。故填To honor。
四、词汇 (每小题 1 分，总计 15 分)
根据首字母或汉语提示写出正确的单词或短语。(61-70 填单词，71-75 填短语。)
61. Don’t be so pessimistic. You should be o________about life. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】optimistic##ptimistic
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：不要那么悲观。你应该对生活持乐观态度。分析句子可知，此处应该填形容词作表语，结合句意和首字母提示，此处为optimistic意为“乐观的”符合句意。故填optimistic。
62. Such bad behavior is really hard to t___________. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】tolerate##olerate
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：这种不良行为真的很难容忍。分析句子可知，此处位于不定式符号to之（be+adj +to do）后，所以应填动词原形，结合句意和首字母提示可知，此处应为tolerate意为“忍受”符合句意。故填tolerate。
63. My hometown Ningxia is so beautiful that it is beyond ______(描述). (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】description
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：我的家乡宁夏太美了，简直无法形容。分析句子结构可知，此处应为名词作宾语，结合句意和提示的汉语可知，“描写”为description，且为不可数名词。故填description。
64. Argentina d______ France and won the championship in the World Cup. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】defeated##efeated
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：阿根廷在世界杯比赛中打败了法国，获得了冠军。分析句子结构，空处为句子谓语，结合后文and并列谓语won为一般过去时可知，空处谓语也需要用一般过去时；表示“打败”为defeat，符合句意和首字母提示。故填defeated。
65. Put on your mask, or you will get _________ (感染). (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】infected
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：戴上口罩，要不然你会被感染的。分析句子可知，此处应为非谓语动词作表语，根据汉语提示可知，“感染”应为infect且与句子主语you之间为被动关系，所以应用过去分词。故填infected。
66. John Snow was a famous doctor who once attended Queen Victoria as her personal p________. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】physician##hysician
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：约翰·斯诺是一位著名的医生，曾作为私人医生照顾过维多利亚女王。根据空格位于形容词personal之后可知，此处应填名词作介词as的宾语，根据句意和提示的首字母可知，此处为physician意为“医生”，结合句意可知此处应为单数。故填physician。
67. If we don’t have a good knowledge of body language, __________(误解) may happen. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】misunderstanding
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：如果我们对肢体语言没有很好的了解，误解就可能发生。名词作主语，根据汉语提示，误解的名词是misunderstanding，为不可数名词，故填misunderstanding。
68. There is no doubt that it’s very important to leave a good first _____(印象). (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】impression
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：毫无疑问，留下良好的第一印象非常重要。分析句子结构可知，此处应填名词作leave的宾语，根据汉语提示“印象”应为impression，空前有冠词a，所以使用单数。故填impression。
69. At present, there is no c_______ for AIDS. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】cure##ure
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：目前，还没有治愈艾滋病的方法。根据空前no可知，空处需要填名词；表示“药；治愈方法”为cure，符合题意和首字母提示。故填cure。
70. The plane is taking off. Please f_____ your safety belt. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】fasten##asten
【解析】
【详解】考查祈使句和动词。句意：现在飞机即将起飞。请系好你们的安全带。根据首字母和“your safety belt.”可知，填“系牢”，表示“系牢”应用动词fasten，本句为祈使句，所以用动词原形。故填fasten。
71. What you said just now doesn’t ________(讲得通). (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】make sense
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语和助动词+动词原形。句意：你刚才说得话讲不通。助动词doesn’t后用动词原形，“讲得通”是固定搭配make sense，故填make sense。
72. As is often the case, life ______(由……组成) happinesses and sorrows. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】consists of
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：生活是由快乐和悲伤组成的，这是常有的事。结合句意，句子是在陈述一个客观现象，故用一般现在时态即可；结合提示信息，表示“由……组成”为固定短语consist of，主语为life，单数，故consist需要用到第三人称单数的形式。故填consists of。
73. He was rejected ______ (因为缺乏) working experience. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】for lack of
【解析】
【详解】考查介词短语。句意：他由于缺乏工作经验而被拒决。分析句子可知，此处为介词短语作原因状语，根据汉语提示可知，“因为缺乏”应为for lack of符合句意。故填for lack of。
74. Unfortunately, my car ______(出故障) on the way. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】broke down
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语。句意：不幸的是，我的车在路上出现了故障。分析句子可知，此处应为谓语动词，结合句意可知，此处描述的是过去的事情，应使用一般过去时态，“出故障”应为break down与主语之间为主动关系。故填broke down。
75. He was admitted to a key university. _______(难怪) he was so thrilled. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】No wonder
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句式。句意：他考上了一所重点大学。难怪他这么激动。分析句子结构可知，此处应为固定句式，结合汉语提示“难怪”应为no wonder且位于句首，所以首字母要大写。故填No wonder。
五、短文改错
76. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏子符号（A）并在其下面写出这加的词。
刷除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Dear Tom,
I’m delight to introduce you something about Chinese cultural heritage.
Hard-working and intelligently, Chinese people have made great contributions to the world civilization. Nowadays, many Chinese cultural heritage sites were preserved very well. If you have a chance to travel to China, I recommend yourself to visit Beijing and Xi’an, where many cultural sites are worth visited. Apart from the cultural heritage sites, the natural scenery in Guilin is such beautiful that you will be deeply impressed. Besides, some simple folk custom in the villages in Yunnan province are likely to remind you the good old days,during which living a harmonious life with the nature in the villages, as you know, are of great benefit.
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】1.delight→delighted
2.intelligently→intelligent
3.were→are
4.yourself→you
5.visited→visiting
6.such→so
7.custom→customs
8.you后加of
9.去掉nature前面的the
10.are→is

【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇应用文，为一封介绍中国几处文化遗产和自然风景的书信。
【76题详解】
考查形容词。句意：我很高兴向你介绍中国的文化遗产。be动词后用形容词作表语，delight为名词，delighted为形容词。故将delight改为delighted。
【77题详解】
考查形容词。句意：中国人民勤劳智慧，为世界文明作出了巨大贡献。Hard-working为形容词，逗号前为形容词作状语，intelligently为副词，对应的形容词为intelligent。故将intelligently改为intelligent。
【78题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：如今，许多中国文化遗产保存得很好。根据Nowadays并结合语境可知，句子用一般现在时，主语为sites，be动词用are。故将were改为are。
【79题详解】
考查代词。句意：如果你有机会去中国旅游，我推荐你去北京和西安，那里有很多值得一游的文化景点。recommend主语和宾语人称不一致，宾语不用反身代词，用人称代词you。故将yourself改为you。
【80题详解】
考查短语。句意同上。be worth doing sth.（值得做某事）固定短语。故将visited改为visiting。
【81题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：除了文化遗产，桂林的自然风景是如此美丽，你会留下深刻的印象。beautiful为形容词，前面用so，构成so…that…（如此……以至于……）结构，引导结果状语从句。故将such改为so。
【82题详解】
考查名词。句意：此外，一些简单的云南省村庄的民俗可能会让你想起美好的旧时光，如你所知，在那里与自然和谐生活是非常有益的。some搭配可数名词复数，custom（风俗）不止一种，用复数形式customs。故将custom改为customs。
【83题详解】
考查介词。句意同上。remind sb. of sth.（提醒某人某事）固定短语。故在you后加of。
【84题详解】
考查冠词。句意同上。此处的nature为泛指大自然，不加定冠词the，为零冠词。故将nature前的the去掉。
【85题详解】
考查主谓一致。句意同上。本句的非限制性定语从句中主语为动名词，be动词用单数形式。故将are改为is。
六、写作
77. 亲爱的同学们，2023 如约而至。金虎辞旧，玉兔迎新。请尽情畅想一下自 己三年后的生活吧!
注意：1.词数 100 左右。
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯;
3.开头语已经为你写好，不计入总词数。
I often imagine what my life will be like in three years.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
I often imagine what my life will be like in three years. I think it must be quite different from now.
By then I will be studying in my dream college. Although I have to spend enough time and energy on studies in order to find a good job after graduation, I’m sure I will not be so busy as now. Therefore, I would like to spare some time to do a lot of after-school activities that I am interested in so that I can enrich my college life and have myself improved. Besides, I can get to know many teachers and classmates, with whom I will make friends and get along well. On holidays, I’ll travel around the world to learn about the world and broaden my horizons.
This will be my life in three years, which will be rich and colorful. I am really looking forward to it.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于说明文。请你根据以下提示和你对自 己三年后的生活的畅想完成短文。
【详解】1.词汇积累
尽管：although→though/while
因此：therefore→thus
想要：would like to→want to
此外：besides→what's more/in addition
2.句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：I often imagine what my life will be like in three years. I think it must be quite different from now.
拓展句：I often imagine what my life will be like in three years, which I think must be quite different from now.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Although I have to spend enough time and energy on studies in order to find a good job after graduation, I’m sure I will not be so busy as now. (运用了让步状语从句和不定式作目的状语)
[高分句型2] Besides, I can get to know many teachers and classmates, with whom I will make friends and get along well. (运用了“介词+关系代词”结构非限制性定语从句)