2022-2023学年陕西省西安市长安区第一中学高二暑假学情检测英语试题(解析版)
展开长安一中2022-2023学年第一学期暑假学情检测
高二年级英语试题
时间:120分钟 总分:150分
注意事项:
1. 本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分。
2. 全部答案在答题卡上完成,答在本试卷上无效。
第I卷
第一部分 听力(共两节,满分20分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1分,满分5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What does the woman mean?
A. She is too full to have any dessert.
B. She’d like some more dessert.
C. She doesn’t like the dessert.
2. When does the second film start?
A. At 8:05. B. At 9:00. C. At 10:00.
3. What does the woman say about Peter?
A. He won’t listen to the man’s advice.
B. He has decided not to buy the car.
C. He wants to do the right thing.
4. Where does Peter plan to go on his way home?
A. The bank. B. The barbershop. C. The office.
5. What is the woman’s suggestion?
A. The man shouldn’t be playing so soon.
B. The man should be playing right now.
C. The man should quit from the football team.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。
6. Why does the man apologize to the woman?
A. He lost her dictionary. B. He made her desk dirty. C. He damaged her glass.
7. What does the woman ask the man to do?
A. Buy her an ice cream. B. Look up some words. C. Tidy up her desk.
听第7段材料,回答第8、9题。
8. What happened between the man and David?
A. They had a friendly chat. B. They had a quarrel. C. They had a fight.
9. How is David probably feeling now?
A. He is feeling bad. B. He is feeling all right. C. He is feeling regretful.
听第8段材料,回答第10至12题。
10. What will the woman do on Thursday after the piano lesson?
A. Read a book. B. Watch a movie. C. Take care of children.
11. What will the woman be doing on Tuesday?
A. Practising her violin. B. Helping her neighbors. C. Handing her English paper.
12. How does the woman feel about her life?
A. Too busy. B. Too easy. C. Too boring.
听第9段材料,回答第13至16题。
13. When did the man take up ice diving?
A. At 7 B. At 9 C. Last year
14. What is the woman’s favorite hobby now?
A. Skiing B. Swimming. C. Acting.
15. What does the woman think of playing computer games?
A. It’s relaxing. B. It’s a waste of time. C. It helps her make friends.
16. What is the relationship between the speakers?
A. Classmates. B. Neighbors. C. Relatives.
听第10段材料,回答第17至20题。
17. What is the meaning of “latchkey children“?
A. Children who are slow in learning.
B. Children who don’t like to go to school.
C. Children who spend part of each day alone.
18. Why do children have chains around their necks?
A. To follow the school rules. B. To have keys attached. C. To avoid getting lost.
19. How do the children feel when they are left alone?
A. Tired. B. Frightened. C. Lonely.
20. What do we know about the latchkey children?
A. They often watch TV with their parents.
B. They try to hide their feelings.
C. Their situation is not realized.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)
第一节:(共15小题:每小题2分,满分30分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
“My Story of Chinese Hanzi” is an international competition, hosted by the Chinese People’s Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries and organized by People’s Daily Online.
The entire competition consists of preliminary rounds(预赛), semi-finals, and finals.
The first two rounds of the competition will be held online. Contestants will answer the questions and provide one-minute videos in the preliminary rounds. The second-round contestants will produce videos featuring a virtual talent show. Votes will be cast by fans online, and the top ten selected winners will move onto the finals, which will be held offline in late August.
Each finalist will deliver a seven-minute speech focusing on the theme of “Ren”, a fundamental value long cherished in Chinese culture.
Eligible(具备条件的)candidates:
International students in China, including ethnic Chinese who are at least third-generation immigrants;
Foreigners working in China whose native language is not Chinese and whose parents’ native language is not Chinese;
Other non-native speakers of Chinese(including full-time students and community members)who are non-Chinese citizens.
There is no age limit for contestants.
Schedule:
Preliminary rounds—The top 30 contestants will receive participation awards and be eligible to enter into the semi-finals.
Semi-finals—The contest organizing committee will upload the videos of the winners of the preliminary rounds onto the People’s Daily Online website, organize online voting, and then select ten winners after completion of online voting and scoring by the judges.
Finals—Upon finishing up the speech competition, various awards will be announced after the scoring is carried out by the judges, with the scores comparing competitors’ Chinese language speaking abilities, expressiveness, the core message behind their stories, and how their stories promote exchanges between different civilizations.
To take part in the contest, please scan the QR code and complete the questionnaire.
CPAFFC reserves all rights for final explanation.
1. Who decide the winners to move onto the finals?
A. Committee members. B. Online Fans.
C. International judges. D. Non-Chinese citizens.
2. What determine the qualification for the competition?
A. Occupation and gender. B. Education and age.
C. Native language and nationality. D. The stories selected.
3. What can we learn about the finals?
A. The finals will be held offline. B. Fluency will be weighed most by judges.
C. The scores will be given by the audience. D. People can attend by scanning the QR code.
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。本文介绍了由中国人民对外友好协会主办、人民网承办的“汉字缘”比赛的报名要求及赛程情况。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Votes will be cast by fans online, and the top ten selected winners will move onto the finals, which will be held offline in late August.(由粉丝在线投票,前十名获胜者将进入决赛,决赛将于8月下旬线下举行)”可知,进入决赛的获胜者是由在线粉丝决定的。故选B项。
【2题详解】
推理判断题。根据Eligible(具备条件的)candidates部分下的“Foreigners working in China whose native language is not Chinese and whose parents’ native language is not Chinese;(在华工作的外籍人士,且本人及其父母母语非汉语)”及“Other non-native speakers of Chinese(including full-time students and community members)who are non-Chinese citizens.(海外母语非汉语人群(包括在校学生和社会人士))”可知,对参赛者的母语和国籍做了要求。由此可知,决定参赛资格的是母语和国籍。故选C项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Votes will be cast by fans online, and the top ten selected winners will move onto the finals, which will be held offline in late August.(由粉丝在线投票,前十名获胜者将进入决赛,决赛将于8月下旬线下举行)”可知,决赛在线下举行。故选A项。
B
Days after Argentina canceled all international passenger flights to protect the country from the new coronavirus, Juan Manuel Ballestero began his journey home the only way possible: He stepped aboard his small sailboat for what turned out to be an 85-day odyssey across the Atlantic.
The 47-year-old sailor could have stayed put on the tiny Portuguese island of Porto Santo, but the idea of spending what he thought could be “the end of the world” away from his family, especially his father who was soon to turn 90, was unbearable. So he loaded his 29-foot sailboat with canned fish, fruit and rice and set sail in mid-March.
“I didn’t want to stay like a coward on an island where there were no cases,” Mr. Ballestero said. “I wanted to do everything possible to return home. The most important thing for me was to be with my family.”
Friends tried to dissuade Mr. Ballestero from starting the perilous journey, and the authorities in Portugal warned him he might not be allowed to re-enter if he ran into trouble and had to turn back. But he was determined, “I bought myself a one-way ticket and there was no going back,” he said.
Sailing can be a lonely passion, and it was particularly so on this voyage for Mr. Ballestero, who each night tuned into the news on a radio for 30 minutes to assess how the virus was spreading across the globe. “I kept thinking about whether this would be my last trip,” he said.
When he made it to his native Mar del Plata, on June 17, he was surprised by the hero’s welcome he received. “Entering my port where my father had his sailboat, where he taught me so many things about how to sail, gave me the taste of a mission accomplished,” he said. A medical professional administered a test for Covid-19 on the dock. Within 72 hours, after the test came back negative, he was allowed to set foot on Argentine soil.
While he didn’t get to celebrate his father’s 90th birthday in May, he did make it home in time for Father’s Day.
4. Why did Juan Manuel Ballestero start his journey?
A. To prove his bravery. B. To be reunited with his family.
C. To realize his dream of sailing. D. To avoid being infected by the coronavirus.
5. What do we know about Juan Manuel Ballestero?
A. He failed to celebrate his father’s birthday.
B. He was forbidden to enter Mar del Plata port.
C. He was not allowed to leave Porto Santo by the authorities in Portugal.
D. He didn’t receive any information about the outside world during the journey.
6. What does the underlined word “perilous” in paragraph 4 mean?
A. distant B. tiring C. boring D. adventurous
7. What can we infer from the text?
A. The man was born in Porto Santo in Argentina. B. The man wanted to prove his bravery.
C. The man’s father was expert at sailing. D. There were no cases in Mar del Plata.
【答案】4. B 5. A 6. D 7. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是记叙文。今年,突如其来的疫情,让无数家庭、情侣被迫分隔两地,甚至被困异国他乡。文章讲述了47岁的Juan Manuel Ballestero驾驶小帆船穿越了大西洋与家人团聚的故事,完美诠释了我国那句老话:所爱隔山海,山海亦可平。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“I wanted to do everything possible to return home. The most important thing for me was to be with my family. (我想尽一切努力回家。 对我来说,最重要的是和我的家人在一起)”可知,Juan Manuel Ballestero开始他的旅程的原因是为了和家人团聚。故选B。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“While he didn’t get to celebrate his father’s 90th birthday in May, he did make it home in time for Father’s Day.(虽然他没有在五月庆祝他父亲的90岁生日,但他确实在父亲节的时候赶回家了)”可知,Juan Manuel Ballestero没能庆祝他父亲的生日。故选A。
【6题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第一段的“He stepped aboard his small sailboat for what turned out to be an 85-day odyssey across the Atlantic.(他登上了他的小帆船,结果是一次为期85天的穿越大西洋的奥德赛——冒险之旅)”可知,他驾驶一条小帆船,穿越大西洋,再结合下文“the authorities in Portugal warned him he might not be allowed to re-enter if he ran into trouble and had to turn back.(葡萄牙当局警告他,如果他遇到麻烦,不得不掉头返回,可能不会允许他再次入境)”可推断,Ballestero进行的旅程是冒险的。故划线词与D项adventurous意思相近。故选D。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Entering my port where my father had his sailboat, where he taught me so many things about how to sail, gave me the taste of a mission accomplished(进入我的港口,我父亲在那里有他的帆船,在那里他教了我许多关于如何航行的东西,让我尝到了完成使命的滋味)”可推知,男人的父亲是航海专家。故选C。
C
There are some things money can’t buy. Education, however, does not appear to be among them—at least as measured by performance on international exams. On average, pupils in wealthy countries obtain vastly higher test scores than those in developing ones. Do students in the rich world perform better because their governments provide superior schools? Or is the reason that they tend to have richer parents, and enjoy more educational resources at home?
Evaluating test scores around the world is more challenging than it sounds. Although pupils in the rich world mostly take one of a few big international exams, many developing countries rely on regional tests, making apples-to-apples comparisons impossible.
Dev Patel of Harvard University and Justin Sandefur of the Center for Global Development organized an exam in 2016 for 2,314 children in Bihar, in northern India. It included both questions from the leading tests and ones taken from smaller exams. Using answers from the same pupils on the same day to questions from different tests, they built a statistical model they called a “Rosetta Stone”. It can translate scores from a range of exams—such as one used only in West Africa—into an equal mark in other common international tests.
Patel and Sandefur then used these equations(等式) to calculate how pupils in 80 different countries would perform on the benchmark(基准) Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS). Their data show that the wealth of a student’s country and family has similar influences on test scores, meaning that big gaps in GDP per person matter more than small ones in household income do. For example, pupils from families that are very poor by rich-world standards—those earning $ 5,000 a year (measured in 2005 dollars)—were expected to score around 500 out of 1,000 on the TIMSS in America, and 560 in Japan. In contrast, those whose parents make $ 10,000 a year in an upper-middle-income country, such as Costa Rica, still manage only the equal of a 475.
8. What is the author’s attitude to educational investment?
A. Favorable. B. Cautious. C. Doubtful. D. Concerned.
9. Why is it hard to evaluate the test scores internationally?
A. Rich countries refuse regional tests.
B. The tests vary in different countries.
C. Pupils have distinct academic levels.
D. International tests aren’t available anywhere.
10. What can we learn about the exam in 2016?
A. Its questions were mostly from leading tests.
B Participants built a statistical model for it.
C. 2,314 children around the world took it.
D. It helped create a “Rosetta Stone”.
11. What is the text mainly about?
A. Students from the rich world do better.
B. Family income plays a big role in education.
C. Country wealth counts more for test scores.
D. It’s better to be a rich pupil in a poor country.
【答案】8. A 9. B 10. D 11. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。教育资源对一个学生的成绩有着至关重要的作用。哈佛大学的Dev Patel和全球发展中心的Justin Sandefur通过研究发现:国家财富和家庭财富都会影响一个学生的考试成绩,且前者的影响更大。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“There are some things money can’t buy. Education, however, does not appear to be among them—at least as measured by performance on international exams. On average, pupils in wealthy countries obtain vastly higher test scores than those in developing ones.(有些东西是金钱买不到的。然而,教育似乎不在其中——至少从国际考试的表现来看是这样。平均而言,富裕国家的学生比发展中国家的学生获得了更高的考试分数。)”以及最后一段第二句“Their data show that the wealth of a student’s country and family has similar influences on test scores, meaning that big gaps in GDP per person matter more than small ones in household income do. (他们的数据显示,学生所在国家和家庭的财富对考试成绩有类似的影响,这意味着人均GDP的巨大差距比家庭收入的小差距更重要。)”可知家庭财富和国家财富对一个学生的考试成绩都有着巨大影响,且国家财富的影响甚至更大,所以可以推断出,作者对于教育经费的投入持支持的态度。故选A。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Evaluating test scores around the world is more challenging than it sounds. Although pupils in the rich world mostly take one of a few big international exams, many developing countries rely on regional tests, making apples-to-apples comparisons impossible.(评估世界各地的考试成绩比听起来更具挑战性。尽管发达国家的学生大多参加几种国际大型考试中的一种,但许多发展中国家依赖于地区考试,因此很难对考试结果进行同类比较。)”可知考试种类或性质的不同导致在全世界范围内评估考试成绩很难。故选B。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Dev Patel of Harvard University and Justin Sandefur of the Center for Global Development organized an exam in 2016 for 2,314 children in Bihar, in northern India. It included both questions from the leading tests and ones taken from smaller exams. Using answers from the same pupils on the same day to questions from different tests, they built a statistical model they called a ‘Rosetta Stone’.(2016年,哈佛大学的Dev Patel和全球发展中心的Justin Sandefur为印度北部Bihar的2314名儿童组织了一次考试。它包括主要考试的题目和较小考试的题目。利用同一天同一名学生对不同测试问题的回答,他们建立了一个被称为‘Rosetta Stone’的统计模型。)”可知这一测试帮助Dev Patel和Justin Sandefur建立了被叫做“Rosetta Stone”的统计模型。故选D。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。文章第一段“There are some things money can’t buy. Education, however, does not appear to be among them—at least as measured by performance on international exams. On average, pupils in wealthy countries obtain vastly higher test scores than those in developing ones. Do students in the rich world perform better because their governments provide superior schools? Or is the reason that they tend to have richer parents, and enjoy more educational resources at home?(有些东西是金钱买不到的。然而,教育似乎不在其中——至少从国际考试的表现来看是这样。平均而言,富裕国家的学生比发展中国家的学生获得了更高的考试分数。富裕国家的学生表现更好是因为他们的政府提供了更好的学校吗?或者是因为他们的父母更富有,在家享受更多的教育资源?)”提出了问题:发达国家的学生往往成绩优于发展中国家的学生,是因为他们的政府提供了更好的学校,还是因为父母富有使他们在家享受更多的教育资源? 文章下文详细的介绍了哈佛大学的Dev Patel和全球发展中心的Justin Sandefur对此问题的研究,根据第四段第二句“Their data show that the wealth of a student’s country and family has similar influences on test scores, meaning that big gaps in GDP per person matter more than small ones in household income do. (他们的数据显示,学生所在国家和家庭的财富对考试成绩有类似的影响,这意味着人均GDP的巨大差距比家庭收入的小差距更重要。)”可知国家财富和家庭财富都会影响一个学生的考试成绩,且前者的影响更大。所以本文主要阐述的内容是国家财富对考试成绩更重要。故选C。
D
You might have ever noticed how some people can effortlessly talk to anyone they meet, no matter how different their backgrounds are. Or you may have seen that one person who always offends someone, no matter what the topic of conversation is. These two situations describe how we can differ in our abilities to interact, get along with, and relate to others around us. In the same way that we vary in traditional academic abilities, we can vary in how socially qualified we are. After years of academic research and development, this social ability is now commonly referred to as “social intelligence. ”
Social intelligence is the ability to understand other people, how they work, what motivates them, and how to work cooperatively with them. It is a relationship-based concept that centers on the way we understand others, interact with others, and present ourselves to others. As an example, you would not speak in the same way toward your 70-year-old mother as you would to your 16-year-old daughter. In our working lives, we come across different social groups including those from different countries, varying age groups and cultural identities. Being able to acknowledge and understand people’s different backgrounds is a key way to connect with them.
Our ability to navigate successfully through our lives relies heavily on our levels of social intelligence. It can affect the relationships we form with our partners and children, the friendship circles that we build, and our ability to progress in our careers and ambitions. Given the importance of social intelligence in multiple aspects of life, it is therefore in our best interest to better understand the concept of social intelligence.
12. What is the first paragraph meant to suggest?
A. Creativity is crucial to one’s research.
B. There are differences in people’s social intelligence.
C. People’s social abilities depend on their backgrounds.
D. Academic research varies from person to person.
13. Why does the author use the example of mother and daughter?
A To further illustrate a concept. B. To finally reach a conclusion.
C. To clearly show a viewpoint. D. To sincerely show a fact.
14. What can we infer from the third paragraph?
A. Our relationship circles should be enlarged.
B. Better understanding a concept is important.
C. It is really difficult to achieve one’s ambition.
D. Social intelligence has great impacts on our lives.
15. What will probably be talked about in the following paragraph?
A. How to define social intelligence. B. How to classify social intelligence.
C. How to enhance social intelligence. D. How to deal with social intelligence.
【答案】12. B 13. A 14. D 15. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“社交智力”这个概念,以及人们在社交智力上是有差异的。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“These two situations describe how we can differ in our abilities to interact, get along with, and relate to others around us. In the same way that we vary in traditional academic abilities, we can vary in how socially qualified we are. After years of academic research and development, this social ability is now commonly referred to as ‘social intelligence.’(这两种情况描述了我们在与周围人互动、相处和相处方面的能力如何不同。正如我们在传统学术能力上的差异一样,我们也可以在社交能力上有所不同。经过多年的学术研究和发展,这种社交能力现在通常被称为‘社交智力’)”可推知,本段主要展示了什么是“社交智力”的这个概念,以及人们在社交智力上是有差异的。故选B项。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Our ability to navigate successfully through our lives relies heavily on our levels of social intelligence. It can affect the relationships we form with our partners and children, the friendship circles that we build, and our ability to progress in our careers and ambitions.(社交智力是理解他人、他们如何工作、是什么激励他们以及如何与他们合作的能力。这是一个基于关系的概念,以我们理解他人、与他人互动以及向他人展示自己的方式为中心)”可推知,本段在介绍“社交智力”这个概念,所以举了母亲和女儿的例子是为了再次进一步澄清这个概念。故选A项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Social intelligence is the ability to understand other people, how they work, what motivates them, and how to work cooperatively with them. It is a relationship-based concept that centers on the way we understand others, interact with others, and present ourselves to others(我们在生活中成功导航的能力很大程度上取决于我们的社交智能水平。它会影响我们与伴侣和孩子建立的关系,我们建立的友谊圈,以及我们在事业和抱负上进步的能力。)”可知,本段主要介绍了社交智力水平会影响人们与伴侣和孩子建立的关系、建立的友谊圈,以及在事业和抱负上取得进步的能力。由此可知,我们从第三段了解到了社交智力对我们的生活有很大影响。故选D项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Given the importance of social intelligence in multiple aspects of life, it is therefore in our best interest to better understand the concept of social intelligence.(鉴于社交智力在生活的多个方面的重要性,因此,更好地理解社交智力的概念符合我们的最大利益。)”可推知,因为社交智力对我们的生活很重要,人们应该采取以下的措施来提高它。由此推知,接下来的文章就要介绍如何提高社交智力。故选C项。
第二节:(共5小题:每小题2分,满分10分)
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
A personal development plan is a way to set goals, gain insight (洞察力) into yourself and your skills, and determine a career or life change. It can be tough to gather motivation and think positively when you are trying to decide where to steer(引导) your life.____16____
Think of the areas where you receive complains or praise.____17____An example of praise might be your boss telling you that you are good at time management.
____18____What do you enjoy doing? And what have you done well? On the other side, consider the things that you have not done well or have not enjoyed.
Write down the final objective for each focus area. Be specific and ambitious.____19____For example, if one focus involves improving your public speaking skills, an action might be to give a 15-minute speech in public.
Create a timeline.____20____When setting the deadline, be ambitious, but also consider the time that you will have.
A. Have a good mood.
B. In addition, include an initial action in each item.
C. Set deadlines for your short-term and long-term goals.
D. Then mapping out a plan and timeline will be beneficial.
E. Ask yourself about the areas in which you have been successful.
F. If you focus on too many areas at a time, you won’t be likely to meet the goals.
G. For example, have you received ill remarks from someone about not being a good listener?
【答案】16. D 17. G 18. E 19. B 20. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文,文章介绍了如何制定个人发展计划。
【16题详解】
文章开头“A personal development plan is a way to set goals, gain insight (洞察力) into yourself and your skills, and determine a career or life change. (个人发展计划是一种设定目标、深入了解自己和自己的技能、决定职业或生活变化的方法。)”提到个人发展计划的用处;上文“It can be tough to gather motivation and think positively when you are trying to decide where to steer (引导) your life. (当你试图决定人生的方向时,很难找到动力并积极思考)”提出了在决定生活方向时遇到的问题;下文介绍了如何制订个人发展规划;D选项“Then mapping out a plan and timeline will be beneficial.(制定一个计划和时间表将是有益的)”针对上文的问题给出了建议,且与下文详细阐述的如何制订个人发展规划一致。故选D。
【17题详解】
上文“Think of the areas where you receive complains or praise.(想想你在哪些方面收到了抱怨或表扬。)”建议想想在哪些方面被抱怨或表扬;下文“An example of praise might be your boss telling you that you are good at time management.(表扬的一个例子可能是你的老板告诉你你擅长时间管理。)”举了一个受表扬的例子;G选项“For example, have you received ill remarks from someone about not being a good listener?(例如,你是否收到过别人对你不好的评价,说你不是一个好的倾听者?)”举例说明可能会受抱怨的事情,选项中的“received ill remarks”与上文中的“receive complains一致”,故选G。
【18题详解】
下文“What do you enjoy doing? And what have you done well?(你喜欢做什么?你做得好的方面是什么?)”问喜欢什么以及什么做得很好;E选项“Ask yourself about the areas in which you have been successful.(问问自己在哪些领域取得了成功。)”中的“ask”与下文的两个问句相对应,“the areas in which you have been successful”与下文的“what have you done well”表达内容一致。故选E。
19题详解】
上文“Be specific and ambitious. (要具体,要雄心勃勃)”说明了如何写最终目标;B选项“In addition, include an initial action in each item.(此外,在每个项目中包含初步行动)”承接上文继续阐述关于如何写最终目标,与上文为递进关系;下文“For example, if one focus involves improving your public speaking skills, an action might be to give a 15-minute speech in public. (例如,如果你重点要提高你的公共演讲技巧,那么一个行动可能是在公共场合发表15分钟的演讲。)”运用具体的例子说明目标除了要写的很具体之外,还应包含初步的行动计划,选项中的“an initial action”与此句中的“an action”相呼应。故选B。
【20题详解】
上文“Create a timeline.(设立时间线)”建议设立时间线,C选项“Set deadlines for your short-term and long-term goals.(为你的短期和长期目标设定最后期限。)”承接上文具体阐述设立时间线,下文“When setting the deadline, be ambitious, but also consider the time that you will have.(在设定最后期限时,要雄心勃勃,但也要考虑到你将拥有的时间。)”进一步阐述如何设立最后期限,选项中的“Set deadlines”与下文中的“setting the deadline”一致,所以C选项符合语意。故选C。
第三部分 完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
The stage lights dimmed, and I took a quick look from behind the heavy black curtains into the audience. Blinded by the lights, I quickly____21____. It seems that a great number of eyes were looking at me. I took a deep____22____as the music of my dance began to play. I entered the stage and began my____23____, the graduation test of the classical Indian dance.
After a decade of learning this art form, I had ____24____ been considered ready to take on the most difficult act. The test is the most important event in a dancer’s life as it pays____25____to all the factors in one’s life that____26____the dance form: one’s culture and family.
The performance is undertaken only by the most____27____and determined students. It is a difficult process that requires much____28____. For more than six months, I spent two to three hours every day____29____these dances. Many times, I______30______myself to my physical and mental breaking point, but still I would not stop. I could not give up. There was always so much more to do and so much more to______31______
I______32______a lot about myself in those tiring hours. I learned that I was far too______33______to give up, and I was too proud to prove myself______34______after I had set an unrealistic goal. Even with physical pain and mental______35______, I forced myself to meet my_____36_____. Even when I was at the end of my______37______, there was always something driving me on, forcing me not to give up.
Fortunately I made it. What I had done______38______the success. It was in those hours that I learned what a dancer______39______is. Those time was evidence that I could______40______something I set out to do.
21. A. pulled back B. set off C. reached out D. broke away
22. A. sleep B. thought C. breath D. sorrow
23. A. career B. attempt C. response D. performance
24. A. easily B. eventually C. eagerly D. desperately
25. A. attention B. visit C. interest D. respect
26. A. develop B. rescue C. introduce D. prove
27. A. focused B. beautiful C. intelligent D. considerate
28. A. talent B. strength C. commitment D. comprehension
29. A. recording B. practicing C. discussing D. designing
30. A. applied B. addicted C. treated D. pushed
31. A. forget B. design C. learn D. instruct
32. A. abandoned B. discovered C. controlled D. undertook
33. A. brilliant B. potential C. stubborn D. discouraged
34. A. wrong B. nervous C. frightened D. careless
35. A. function B. action C. level D. stress
36. A. budget B. expectation C. expense D. deadline
37. A. limit B. purpose C. preparation D. destination
38. A. increased B. deserved C. expanded D. exposed
39. A. completely B. chiefly C. truly D. originally
40. A. change B. supply C. explain D. accomplish
【答案】21. A 22. C 23. D 24. B 25. D 26. A 27. A 28. C 29. B 30. D 31. C 32. B 33. C 34. A 35. D 36. B 37. A 38. B 39. C 40. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是记叙文。作者是一位舞者,每天忍受着身体上的痛苦和精神上的压力,通过多年的刻苦练习,成功完成了高难度的表演。这次经历让作者意识到,只要坚持努力不放弃,就能实现自己的目标。
【21题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意:我被灯光照得睁不开眼睛,赶紧往后退了几步。A. pulled back拉回,往后退;B. set off出发,动身;C. reached out伸出;D. broke away脱离。根据上文“The stage lights dimmed, and I took a quick look from behind the heavy black curtains into the audience.(舞台的灯光暗了下来,我从厚重的黑色窗帘后面飞快地看了一眼观众。)”以及常识可知,此处指作者从厚重的黑色幕布后面向观众席瞥了一眼,由于被灯光照得睁不开眼,所以后退。故选A。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:随着舞曲的音乐响起,我深吸了一口气。A. sleep睡觉;B. thought思考;C. breath呼吸;D. sorrow悲伤。根据上文“It seems that a great number of eyes were looking at me.”可知,很多双眼睛在盯着作者,所以作者很紧张,做了一次深呼吸,来缓解自己的紧张情绪。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:我步入舞台,开始了我的表演,印度古典舞蹈毕业考试。A. career事业;B. attempt企图,尝试;C. response反应,回复;D. performance表演。根据句中“I entered the stage”和“the graduation test of the classical Indian dance”以及下文“The performance is undertaken”可知是作者在参加舞蹈毕业考试,开始表演,故选D。
【24题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意:在学习了十年这门艺术之后,最终我被认为已经准备好接受最困难的表演了。A. easily容易地;B. eventually最终;C. eagerly渴望地,急切地;D. desperately绝望地,拼命地。结合上文“After a decade of learning this art form”可知作者学习舞蹈多年,终于能参加演出了。故选B。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:这次考试是舞者一生中最重要的事情,因为它体现了对一个人生活中塑造舞蹈形式的所有因素的尊重:一个人的文化和家庭。A. attention注意;B. visit参观,访问;C. interest兴趣;D. respect尊重。根据下文“one’s culture and family.”可知此处指舞蹈体现着对一个人的文化和家庭的尊重,故选D。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:这次考试是舞者一生中最重要的事情,因为它体现了对一个人生活中塑造舞蹈形式的所有因素的尊重:一个人的文化和家庭。A. develop开发,发展,形成;B. rescue拯救;C. introduce介绍,引进;D. prove证明。根据上文“all the factors in one's life”可知此处是指“对一个人一生中形成其舞蹈形式的所有因素的尊重。”所以develop符合语意。故选A。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意:表演只由最专注和最有决心的学生来进行。A. focused专注的;B. beautiful漂亮的;C. intelligent聪明的,明智的;D. considerate体贴的。本空与“determined”是并列关系,结合上文“take on the most difficult act”可知这是最难的表演,只有最专注和最有决心的学生才能参加。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:这是一个困难的过程,需要做出很大的投入。A. talent才能;B. strength力量;C. commitment(对工作或某活动)奉献,投入,(资金、时间、人力的)花费;D. comprehension理解。根据上文“take on the most difficult act”以及下文“For more than six months, I spent two to three hours every day____9____these dances.”可知这次表演是一段艰辛的过程,需要投入很多。故选C。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:在过去六个多月的时间里,我每天花两到三个小时练习舞蹈。A. recording记录;B. practicing练习;C. discussing讨论;D. designing设计。根据下文“to my physical and mental breaking point”可知作者每天练习跳舞到身体和心理的极限。故选B。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:很多次,我把自己逼到身体和精神的极限,但我仍然没有停下来。A. applied应用;B. addicted沉溺于;C. treated治疗;D. pushed推,逼迫。根据“but still I would not stop. I could not give up.”以及下文“forcing me not to give up”可知作者逼迫自己每天努力练习,不放弃。故选D。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:总是有那么多事情要做,那么多东西要学。A. forget忘记;B. design设计;C. learn学习;D. instruct指示,指导。根据前文的“ I could not give up. There was always so much more to do”可知,此处是指总有那么多事情要做,那么多东西要学。故选C。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:在那些疲惫的时光里,我发现了更多关于我自己的东西。A. abandoned抛弃;B. discovered发现;C. controlled控制;D. undertook承担。根据下文“I learned that I was far too____13____to give up, and I was too proud to prove myself____14____after I had set an unrealistic goal.”可知作者在那些疲惫的时间里更好地了解自己,发现了很多关于自己的东西,故选B。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意:我明白了我是如此的固执而不愿放弃,我是如此的骄傲,在设定了不现实的目标后也不愿证明自己是错的。A. brilliant杰出的;B. potential潜在的,可能的;C. stubborn固执的,顽固的;D. discouraged灰心的。根据上文“I would not stop. I could not give up.”以及下文“Even with physical pain and mental____15____, I forced myself to meet my____16____Even when I was at the end of my____17____, there was always something driving me on, forcing me not to give up.”可知,作者明白了自己是如此的固执。故选C。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意:我明白了我是如此的固执而不愿放弃,我是如此的骄傲,在设定了不现实的目标后也不愿证明自己是错的。A. wrong错误的;B. nervous紧张的;C. frightened害怕的;D. careless粗心的。根据“I was too proud和“set an unrealistic goal”可知作者很骄傲,即使错了也不愿承认自己的错误。故选A。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:即使有身体上的痛苦和精神上的压力,我强迫自己去达到我的期望。A. function功能;B. action行动;C. level水平;D. stress压力。根据上文“my physical and mental breaking point”可知作者忍受着身体上的痛苦和精神上的压力,故选D。
36题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:即使有身体上的痛苦和精神上的压力,我强迫自己达到我的期望。A. budget预算;B. expectation期望,期待;C. expense费用;D. deadline最后期限。根据上文“I was too proud to prove myself____14____after I had set an unrealistic goal”以及下文“Those time was evidence that I could____20____something I set out to do.”可知在面临身体上的痛苦和精神压力的情况下,作者还是努力去实现目标,达到自己的期望。故选B。
【37题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:甚至当我到了极限的时候,总有什么东西在驱使我前进,迫使我不要放弃。A. limit限制;B. purpose目的;C. preparation准备;D. destination目的地。根据上文“my physical and mental breaking point”可知作者甚至到了身体和精神的极限时也不放弃,故选A。
【38题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:我所做的一切值得拥有这次成功。A. increased增加;B. deserved值得,应得;C. expanded扩大;D. exposed暴露。根据“Fortunately, I made it.”以及前文所提到的作者付出的努力可知作者付出了很多,值得成功。故选B。
【39题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意:就是在那些时刻,我明白了一个真正的舞者是什么。A. completely完全地;B. chiefly主要地;C. truly真正地;D. originally起初。根据句意以及下文“Those time was evidence that I could____20____something I set out to do.”可知作者通过这次经历明白了舞者真正的含义。故选C。
【40题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:那些时间证明了我可以完成我要做的事情。A. change变化;B. supply供给;C. explain解释;D. accomplish实现,完成。根据上文“Fortunately, I made it. What I had done____18____the success.”可知作者通过自己的努力,最后成功地完成了目标。故选D。
第Ⅱ卷
第四部分 语言知识运用
第一节: 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面对话,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Commercial airlines alone contribute around three percent of total global carbon emissions. But the industry is____41____(active) looking for green solutions in the form of sustainable airline fuel which____42____(believe) to have had a previous life as your household food waste. In a study____43____(release) this week in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, researchers detail a method of transforming food waste into sustainable airline fuel.
Biomass, such as animal and food waste, can be transformed into biofuels,____44____are renewable liquid fuels made from organic matter. Derek Vardon, a senior research engineer at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), says that their fuel worked as a mixture of 90 percent conventional petrol airline fuel and 10 percent alternative airline fuel required by the industry currently. They also show they could push it to a 70/30 mixture____45____ more time and testing available.
Major companies are eager to participate in sustainable airline fuel____46____some sustainable solutions, such as battery-operated commercial planes, just aren’t possible yet with current battery technology. ____47____battery-powered plane would be too heavy to fly long distances, so fuel that works in the same way as the fuel we have is a simpler way to trade out emission-heavy fossil fuels.
Vardon says that because the wet waste used in the process would normally go to a landfill (垃圾填埋场) and break down to release greenhouse ____48____(gas), the process of making and using sustainable airline fuel could actually have a negative carbon footprint when scaled up.
Commercial airlines are also on board to find an____49____(afford) and sustainable solution to the carbon-intensive process of air travel. Airlines are looking to hit aggressive sustainability goals by 2050, including_____50_____(decrease) net carbon dioxide emissions by 50 percent.
【答案】41. actively
42. is believed
43. released
44. which 45. with
46. because
47. A 48. gases
49. affordable
50. decreasing
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍仅商业航空公司就贡献了全球约3%的碳排放。但航空业正在积极寻找绿色解决方案,以可持续的航空燃料的形式。
【41题详解】
考查副词。句意:但航空业正在积极寻找绿色解决方案,以可持续的航空燃料的形式,据信,这种燃料在以前的生活中是家庭食物垃圾。修饰动词短语look for应用副词actively,作状语。故填actively。
【42题详解】
考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意:但航空业正在积极寻找绿色解决方案,以可持续的航空燃料的形式,据信,这种燃料在以前的生活中是家庭食物垃圾。短语be believed to表示“据信”,定语从句中谓语与先行词airline fuel保持一致,用单数。故填is believed。
【43题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:在本周发表在《美国国家科学院院刊》上的一项研究中,研究人员详细介绍了一种将食物垃圾转化为可持续航空燃料的方法。分析句子结构可知release与逻辑主语study构成被动关系,故用过去分词作定语。故填released。
【44题详解】
考查定语从句。句意:动物和食物垃圾等生物质可以转化为生物燃料,这是一种由有机物制成的可再生液体燃料。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词biofuels,从句缺少主语,指物,故用which。故填which。
【45题详解】
考查介词。句意:他们还表示,如果有更多的时间和测试,他们可以将比例提高到70/30。后跟名词作宾语,表示“有”应用介词with。故填with。
【46题详解】
考查状语从句。句意:大公司都渴望参与到可持续航空燃料的开发中来,因为一些可持续的解决方案,比如电池驱动的商用飞机,在目前的电池技术下是不可能实现的。引导原因状语从句,表示“因为”应用because。故填because。
【47题详解】
考查冠词。句意:电池驱动的飞机太重,无法飞很远的距离,因此,与我们现有的燃料工作原理相同的燃料,是一种更简单的方式,可以取代高排放的化石燃料。plane为可数名词,此处为泛指且battery-powered是发音以辅音音素开头的单词,应用a,句首单词首字母要大写。故填A。
【48题详解】
考查名词的数。句意:瓦尔顿说,由于在这个过程中使用的湿废物通常会进入垃圾填埋场并分解释放温室气体,制造和使用可持续航空燃料的过程实际上在扩大规模时可能会产生负碳足迹。gas为可数名词,前文没有冠词应用复数形式表泛指。故填gases。
【49题详解】
考查形容词。句意:商业航空公司也开始着手寻找一种负担得起的、可持续的解决方案,以解决航空旅行过程中碳密集的问题。修饰后文名词solution应用形容词affordable,作定语。故填affordable。
【50题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:航空公司希望在2050年前达到积极的可持续发展目标,包括将二氧化碳净排放量减少50%。作介词including的宾语,应用动名词形式。故填decreasing。
第二节:单词拼写(每小题1分,共10分)
51. Parents are always ________(关心)much about their children. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】concerned
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意:父母总是很关心他们的孩子。根据汉语提示“关心”,以及上文are 可知此处应填形容词作表语,且be concerned about 是固定搭配,意为“关心,挂念”。故填concerned。
52. Whether you will succeed or not in doing the work depends on your ________(态度)to it. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】attitude
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意:你做这项工作是否成功取决于你对它的态度。设空处在句中作介词on的宾语,根据汉语提示及句意可知,名词attitude意为“态度”符合句意,故填attitude。
53. After the earthquake, the whole city was in ________(废墟). (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】ruins
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意:地震后,整个城市都成了废墟。根据汉语提示可知应填名词ruins,作宾语。故填ruins。
54. Everything needs to be done according to a certain ________(原则). (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】principle
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意:一切都需要按照一定的原则来做。根据汉语提示可知应填名词principle,不定冠词提示用单数。故填principle。
55. The house_________(属于) to the old man was built hundreds of years ago.
【答案】belonging
【解析】
【详解】考查现在分词作后置定语。句意:那位老人的房子是几百年前建造的。此处The house和belong to之间是一种主动关系,再结合句意和所给汉语。故填belonging。
56. To improve the sale of their product, they ________(广告)them in the newspapers and on TV. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】advertise##advertised
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意:为了提高产品的销量,他们在报纸和电视上做广告。根据中文提示和句子分析可知,表示“广告”应用advertise,为动词,在本句中作谓语,且根据句意可知,这里时态可用一般现在时或一般过去时。故填advertise/advertised。
57. They may play to passers-by in the street or subways so that they can ________(挣) some extra money. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】earn
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意:他们可能会在街道上或者地铁里为路人演奏,这样他们就可以赚一些额外的钱。动词earn意为“赚,挣得”符合句意,can情态动词,后跟动词原形。故填earn。
58. When __________(接近) the house, they found something unusual, so they stopped to have a look.
【答案】approaching
【解析】
【详解】本题考查非谓语动词。解题要点:根据所给出的句子,结合汉语提示,可推出是“approach”,分析可知在句中作时间状语,与主语之间为主动关系,应用现在分词形式。结合句意:当他们走近房子时,发现了一些不寻常的东西,所以他们停下来看了看。故答案为approaching。
59. Usually, we will buy a lot of ________(纪念品) when visiting a place of interest. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】souvenirs
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意:通常,我们在参观名胜古迹时会买很多纪念品。根据汉语提示可知应填名词souvenir,作宾语,由a lot of修饰应用复数形式。故填souvenirs。
60. In ________(总的来说), men are usually taller than women. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】general
【解析】
【详解】考查短语。句意:总的来说,男人通常比女人高。短语in general“总的说来,从总体上看”符合句意。故填general。
第五部分:写作(共两节,满分35分)
第一节:短文改错(共10小题,每小题1分,满分10分)
61. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1.每处错误及修改均仅限一词。
2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
On previous birthdays, my family would give me gifts but invite me to eat outside. I thought there would be no different this year. I went home after school as usual. But when I stepped into the house, I was heard “Surprise! Happy Birthday!” All of my family and friends were there. My mom brought a birthday cake making by herself. I wouldn't forget that moments. I was extremely happily and almost cried. My father promised to take care the street cat I had mentioned. It is the best birthday gift we have ever had. My father's birthday was coming. I'm planning to make the wonderful birthday party for him.
【答案】1.but→and
2.different→difference
3.删除was
4.making→made
5.moments→moment
6.happily→happy
7.care后添加of
8.we→I
9.was→is
10.the→a
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了家人为作者过生日的事情。
【详解】1.考查连词。句意:在以前的生日,我的家人会给我礼物,邀请我去外面吃饭。结合前后文语境可知为并列关系,应用连词and。故but改为and。
2.考查名词。句意:我以为今年不会有什么不同。结合句意表示“没有什么不同”短语为no difference。故different改为difference。
3.考查语态。句意:但当我走进房子时,我听到“惊喜!生日快乐!”主语I与hear为主动关系。故删除was。
4.考查非谓语动词。句意:我妈妈带了一个自己做的生日蛋糕。make与逻辑主语a birthday cake构成被动关系,故用过去分词作后置定语。故making改为made。
5.考查名词。句意:我永远不会忘记那一刻。此处指忘记过生日那一刻,moment应用单数形式。故moments改为moment。
6.考查形容词。句意:我高兴得几乎要哭了。作表语,应用形容词happy。故happily改为happy。
7.考查介词。句意:我父亲答应照顾我提到的流浪猫。结合句意表示“照顾”可知短语为take care of。故care后添加of。
8.考查代词。句意:这是我收到的最好的生日礼物。此处指作者“我”收到最好的生日礼物,应用代词I。故we改为I。
9.考查时态。句意:我爸爸的生日快到了。此处为现在进行时表将来,主语为birthday,谓语用单数。故was改为is。
10.考查冠词。句意:我打算为他办一个精彩的生日派对。party此处为泛指应用不定冠词,且wonderful是发音以辅音音素开头的单词应用a。故the改为a。
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
62. 假定你是李华。请根据写作要点用英语写一篇日记,记述你在暑假帮助家人做家务的一次经历。写作要点:1.做家务的理由;2.做家务的过程;3.你的感受。
注意:
1.短文词数不少于100;2.不能使用真实姓名和学校名称。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version:
As a high school student, I’m convinced that doing housework can not only relax myself but also enhance my sense of responsibility. However, during the school time my homework is always heavily loaded, and thus I fail to help my parents with housework. Therefore, during the summer vacation I set about doing some housework, and here is one of my fulfilling days.
Last Sunday, I got up very early. After my breakfast with my parents, I firstly sorted out and washed all my clothes having to be washed. Then I tried to get my room organized, which used to be a mass. After all the things were done, I began to clean all the windows in house. First I found some old newspaper and then I stepped on a chair to reach the window. I deliberately wiped the dust and dirt off the windows for fear of falling or breaking the glass. After a while, the windows look as transparent as clean water, and the sunshine brightened my face.
Even though I got tired after I have finished all the housework, I was very happy and thought it was one of the most successful things in my life. Also, doing housework is a good way for me to thank my parents for what they have been done for me, and I should bear more burden for them.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于记叙文。假定你是李华。请根据写作要点用英语写一篇日记,记述你在暑假帮助家人做家务的一次经历。写作要点:1.做家务的理由;2.做家务的过程;3.你的感受。
【详解】1.词汇积累
做家务:do housework→do chore
加强:enhance→strengthen
令人满足的:fulfilling→satisfactory
高兴的:happy→delighted
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句:However, during the school time my homework is always heavily loaded, and thus I fail to help my parents with housework.
拓展句:However, since during the school time my homework is always heavily loaded, I fail to help my parents with housework.
【点睛】[高分句型1] As a high school student, I’m convinced that doing housework can not only relax myself but also enhance my sense of responsibility. (运用了that引导宾语从句)
[高分句型2] Even though I got tired after I have finished all the housework, I was very happy and thought it was one of the most successful things in my life. (运用了even though引导让步状语从句)
听力答案:1-5 ACABA 6-10 CABAC 11-15 AABCB 16-20 ACBBC
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