2022-2023学年上海市控江中学高二上学期期中考试英语试卷（解析版）

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上海市控江中学高二上学期期中考试英语试卷
I. Listening Comprehension
略
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.
1. You are going to marry John? You _________ be serious! You just told me how annoying he was.
A. shouldn’t B. mustn’t C. won’t D. can’t
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意：你要嫁给约翰吗？你不是认真的吧！你刚告诉我他有多烦人。A. shouldn’t 不应该；B. mustn’t禁止，不准；C. won’t不愿意；D. can’t不能，不会。You can’t be serious! 为固定用法，表示“你不是认真的吧！”。故选D。
2. Whatever Brad said _________ have made her angry because she totally lost her temper.
A. might B. must C. would D. should
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意：布拉德说的话一定让她很生气，因为她完全失控了。A. might可能；B. must一定；C. would将会；D. should应该。根据“said”和“because she totally lost her temper.”可知，此处表示“对过去事实的肯定推测”，需用must have done这种形式。故选B。
3. Walking alone in the deserted town, John felt his blood running cold. He thought he _________ Tom to go with him.
A. might ask B. should ask C. should have asked D. might have asked
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查情态动词。句意：约翰独自走在无人的城镇里，感到毛骨悚然。他想他本应该叫汤姆和他一起去。根据“felt”可知，此处使用一般过去时，排除A项和B项；might have done表示“对过去事实可能性的推测”，表示“本应该做却没有做”使用should have done。故选C。
4. A police spokesman said if the man had gone much further in opening the letter, he _________ killed.
A. may be B. could have been C. would be D. should have been
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：一名警方发言人表示，如果这名男子在打开信的时候走得更远，他可能会被杀死。此处表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，if条件句使用过去完成时，主句谓语动词使用could/might/should/would have done，排除A项和C项，结合句意“可能会被杀”应用could have been，should表示“应该”。故选B。
5. _________ his last album was, there are as yet no plans for any follow-ups.
A. Successful as B. Although successful
C. Despite success D. Regardless of success
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查倒装句。句意：尽管他的上一张专辑很成功，但目前还没有推出任何后续专辑的计划。despite和regardless of分别是介词和介词短语，后面不能接句子，排除C项和D项；although引导让步状语从句时不能倒装，排除B项；as引导让步状语从句时，可以将表语前置，形成部分倒装。故选A。
6. We were sitting in the car outside the house when up the road _________ a tall man.
A. came B. comes C. has come D. did come
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：我们正坐在屋外的汽车里，这时从路上来了一个高个子男人。此处为固定句型be doing sth when…，意为“某人正在做某事这时……”，主句使用过去进行时，从句使用一般过去时，所以空处应填came。故选A项。
7. _________ my keys in my bag than they slipped out of my hand and fell to the ground.
A. I had scarcely found B. No sooner had I found
C. Hardly had I found D. In no time had I found
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查倒装结构。句意：我刚在包里找到钥匙，它们就从我手里滑落到地上。表示“一……就……”，可用固定句式scarcely…when…、hardly…when…或no sooner…than…，否定词scarcely，hardly和no sooner位于句首，主句用部分倒装结构。in no time置于句首，不用倒装结构。故选B。
8. -- I’ve heard from your teacher that your brother has improved his Maths a lot.
-- _________. Mr Scott says that I can now write a decent solution.
A. So did I B. So have I C. So he has D. So has he
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查倒装结构。句意：——我听你老师说你哥哥的数学进步了很多。——我也是。斯科特老师说，我现在可以写出一份像样的解法。so+主语+助动词，对前面的表示肯定。so+助动词+主语，前面所说的情况也适合另一个人/物。so后的系动词、助动词或情态动词须同前一句的谓语动词保持一致。根据“ Mr Scott says that I can now write a decent solution.”可知，老师认为我的数学也进步很多。故选B。
9. The number of prisoners serving life sentences _________ in the region over the last decade.
A. are falling B. have fallen C. has fallen D. is falling
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去十年中，该地区被判无期徒刑的囚犯数量有所下降。根据时间状语 over the last decade可知，用现在完成时，主语The number of+复数名词，表示“……的数量”，谓语动词用单数形式。故选C。
10 Either you or the headteacher _________ the award to the gifted students at the ceremony
A. is presenting B. are to present C. are presenting D. is to present
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：不是你就是校长在典礼上给有天赋的学生颁奖。结合句意此处表示将来的动作，应用一般将来时，be to do sth 表示“将要做某事”，either…or…意为“要么……要么……”，固定搭配，连接两个并列的名词或代词作主语时谓语动词的数依据临近原则，由空前的the headteacher，可知空处应用is to present。故选D项。

Section B
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Are Summering and Medaling Annoying?
While many of us in the northern hemisphere may have been away somewhere nice recently, not many of us would say that we’ve ‘summered’. “Summer” is clearly a noun, or____11____ (precisely), a “verbified” noun.
Way back in our childhood, we all learned the differences between a noun (person, place or thing) and a verb (action word). ____12____ such a tidy definition, it was easy to spot the difference. Not so in adulthood, where we are expected to “foot” bills, “chair” committees, and “dialogue” with political opponents. Chances are you don’t feel uncomfortable at the sight of those ____13____ (verb) nouns.
“The verbing of nouns is as old the English language,” says Patricia O’ Conner, a former editor at the The New York Times Book Review. Experts estimate that 20 percent of all English verbs were originally nouns. And the phenomenon seems ____14____ (snowball). Since 1900, about 40 percent of all new verbs have come from nouns.
____15____ conversion (转化) is quite universal, plenty of grammarians object to the practice, William Strunk Jr. and E. B. White, in The Elements of Style — the Bible for the use of American English — have this to say: “Many nouns lately ____16____ (press) into service as verbs. Not all are bad, but all are suspect.” The Chicago Manual of Style takes a similar standpoint, ____17____ (advise) writers to use verbs in this way cautiously, if at all.
So are there any rules fro verbing? Benjamin Dreyer, copy chief at Random House, doesn’t offer a rule, but suggests that people thin twice about “verbifying” a noun if it’s easily replaceable by ____18____ already existing popular verb. Make sure it is descriptive but not silly sounding, he says.
In the end, however, style is subjective. If I invite you to “Facebook me”, you’ll know exactly ____19____ I mean. I suppose I could ask you to contact me on Facebook or to connect with me on Facebook, but why bother? “Facebook me” is easy to say. Easy conversion of nouns to verbs has been part of English grammar for centuries; it is one of the processes ______20______ make English “English”. Not every coinage passes into general use, but as for trying to end verbing together, forget it.
【答案】11. more precisely
12 With 13. verbed
14. to be snowballing
15. Even if
16. have been pressed
17. advising
18. an 19. what
20. that
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文。本文的陈述对象是动词化名词。讲述了动词化名词的产生和一些人士对于动词化名词的看法和讨论。
【11题详解】
考查比较级。句意：“Summer”显然是一个名词，或者更准确地说，是一个“修饰过的”名词。此处表示“更准确地说”，需用副词比较级修饰整个句子。故填more precisely。
【12题详解】
考查介词。句意：有了这样一个整洁的定义，很容易发现其中的区别。表示“具有”应用介词with，位于句首，首字母应该大写。故填With。
【13题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：看到这些动名词时，你可能不会感到不舒服。空处需填非谓语动词作定语，修饰名词nouns，二者为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词形式。故填verbed。
【14题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这种现象似乎像滚雪球一样越滚越大。seem to do sth.为固定用法，意为“似乎做某事”，表示snowball这个动作一直在进行，需用动词不定式的进行式。故填to be snowballing。
【15题详解】
考查让步状语从句。句意：即使转换是相当普遍的，许多语法学家反对这种做法。上下文形成转折关系，需用连词even if引导让步状语从句。故填Even if。
【16题详解】
考查动词时态语态。句意：小威廉·斯特伦克(William Strunk Jr.)和E·B·怀特(E. B. White)在《风格的要素》(the Elements of Style)——美国英语使用的圣经——中说:“近来，许多名词被强行用作动词。”根据“lately”可知，此处使用现在完成时，主语“Many nouns”和“press”为被动关系，使用被动语态，主语为复数名词，助动词用have。故填have been pressed。
【17题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：《芝加哥文体手册》(Chicago Manual of Style)也持类似的观点，建议作者谨慎使用动词。空处需填非谓语动词作状语，逻辑主语The Chicago Manual of Style和advise为主谓关系，需用现在分词形式。故填advising。
【18题详解】
考查冠词。句意：兰登书屋(Random House)的文案主管本杰明·德雷尔(Benjamin Dreyer)并没有给出一条规则，但他建议，如果一个名词很容易被现有的流行动词取代，那么人们在“逐字背诵”这个名词时应该慎重考虑。verb为可数名词，此处表示泛指，需用不定冠词修饰，already发音以元音音素开头，需用不定冠词an修饰。故填an。
【19题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：如果我邀请你“Facebook”我，你就会明白我的意思。空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，需用连接代词what引导，指代“我的意思”。故填what。
【20题详解】
考查强调句。句意：几个世纪以来，名词容易转换为动词一直是英语语法的一部分；这是使英语成为“英语”的过程之一。强调句的基本句型是：it is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子其他部分，此处对主语one of the processes进行强调，应用that。故填that。
III. Vocabulary
(A)
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. accurately B. advantage C. desirable D. humble E. inquiring F. knowing
G. processing H. rapidly I. target J. translate K. equipment
A successful translator must have an excellent, up-to-date knowledge of his source language, full facility in the handling of his ___21___ language, which will be his mother tongue or language of habitual use, and a knowledge of the latest subject-matter in his fields of specialization. This is his professional ___22___. In addition to this, it is desirable that he should have a(n) ___23___ mind, wide interests, a good memory and the ability to grasp quickly the basic principles of new developments. He should be willing to work on his own, often at high speeds, but should be ___24___ enough to consult others should his own knowledge not always prove adequate to the task in hand. He should be able to type fairly quickly and ___25___ and, if he is working basically as an information translator, let us say, for an industrial firm, he should have the flexibility of mind to enable him to switch ___26___ from one source language to another, as well as from one-subject-matter to another, since this ability is frequently required of him in such work. Bear in mind the nature of the translator’s work is the ___27___ of the written word; it is, strictly speaking, unnecessary that he should speak the language he is dealing with. If he does speak them, it is a(n) ___28___ rather than a drawback, but this skill is in many ways a luxury that makes no much difference to him. It is, however, ___29___ that he should have a rough idea about the pronunciation of his source languages, even if this is restricted to ____30____ how proper names and place names are pronounced.
【答案】21. I 22. K
23. E 24. D
25. A 26. H
27. G 28. B
29. C 30. F
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个成功的翻译家所必备的一些专业技能。
【21题详解】
的翻译家必须对源语言有出色的、最新的知识，对目标语言——即他的母语或习惯使用的语言——的处理有充分的能力，还必须了解他的专业领域的最新主题。根据句意可知，空处指的是翻译家自己的母语，也就是翻译的目标语言。target，名词，意为“目标”，符合句意，作定语，修饰名词language。故选I。
【22题详解】
考查名词。句意：这是他的专业知识。根据空前的professional可知，空处为名词。再根据下文所提及的翻译家所需要具备的各项能力可知，空处指的是翻译家的专业知识。equipment，名词，意为“设备、知识”。符合句意，故选K。
【23题详解】
考查形容词。句意：除此之外，他还应该有一个好学的头脑，广泛的兴趣，良好的记忆力和迅速掌握新发展的基本原理的能力。根据下文的“wide interests, a good memory”可知，空处为形容词，修饰名词mind。inquiring，形容词，意为“好学的”，与下文“广泛的兴趣、良好的记忆力”相一致。故选E。
【24题详解】
考查形容词。句意：他应该愿意独自工作，经常以很高的速度工作，但如果他自己的知识不足以胜任手头的任务，他应该谦虚地向别人请教。分析句子成分可知，空处为形容词担当表语。再根据下文的“to consult others should his own knowledge not always prove adequate to the task in hand.”可知，这是在请教他人。根据常理可知，请教他人应该谦虚。humble，形容词，意为“谦虚的”。符合句意，故选D。
【25题详解】
考查副词。句意：他应该能够相当快速和准确地打字，如果他的工作基本上是一个信息翻译，比如说，为一个工业公司，他应该有灵活的思维，使他能够迅速地从一种源语言切换到另一种源语言，以及从一个主题到另一个主题，因为这种能力经常需要他在这类工作中。根据and之前的quickly可知，空处为副词。再根据上下文可知，这是在谈论一名好的翻译家所具备的技能。accurately，副词，意为“准确地”。符合句意。故选A。
【26题详解】
考查副词。句意：他应该能够相当快速和准确地打字，如果他的工作基本上是一个信息翻译，比如说，为一个工业公司，他应该有灵活的思维，使他能够迅速地从一种源语言切换到另一种源语言，以及从一个主题到另一个主题，因为这种能力经常需要他在这类工作中。根据上文的“he should have the flexibility of mind”可知，翻译家需要有灵活的思维，而有了灵活的思维才能迅速从一个源语言转到另一种源语言。rapidly，副词，意为“迅速地”，修饰动词switch。故选H。
【27题详解】
考查名词。句意：牢记翻译工作的性质，即对文字的处理；严格地说，他不必说他正在处理的语言。根据上文的“the nature of the translator’s work”可知，空处阐述的是翻译工作的性质，也就是对文字的处理。processing，名词，意为“处理过程”，符合文意，作表语。故选G。
【28题详解】
考查名词。句意：如果他会说这些语言，这是一种优势而不是缺点，但这种技能在许多方面是一种奢侈，对他来说没有多大区别。根据下文的“rather than a drawback”可知，空处指的是drawback的反义。advantage，名词，意为“优点”。符合文意。故选B。
【29题详解】
考查形容词。句意：然而，最好的情况是，他应该对他的源语言的发音有一个粗略的了解，即使这仅限于知道专有名称和地名的发音。空处为原词的重现，通过上文“In addition to this, it is desirable that he should have a(n) ___3___ mind, wide interests, a good memory and the ability to grasp quickly the basic principles of new developments.”可知，desirable，形容词，意为“值得做的”。符合文意。故选C。
【30题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，最好的情况是，他应该对他的源语言的发音有一个粗略的了解，即使这仅限于知道专有名称和地名的发音。根据空前的“is restricted to”和空后完整的句子可知，空处为动词的ving形式，因为to为介词。再根据上文的“have a rough idea about(了解)”可知，空处应和这个短语有着相似的意思。knowing，v-ing形式，意为“了解、知道”，符合句意。故选F。

(B)
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. established B. present C. compared D. light E. annoyingly
F. distinct G. beneficial H. well-being I. experiences J. devote
K. striking
Honey Bees Remember Happy and Sad Times
While the brains of honey bees are tiny, the insects are capable of some surprisingly advanced thinking. A study published in the journal Proceedings of the Royal Society has now cast new ___31___ on the insect’s cognitive abilities.
A team of researchers from the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign found that honey bees can remember positive and negative ___32___ — such as taking care of their young or fending off an enemy. These memories are stored in specific areas of their brains, according to how good or bad they are.
Scientists have long known that vertebrates — animals with tail bones — like ourselves are capable of sorting memories of pleasure and pain in ___33___ brain areas such as this. However, this has never been documented before in the minds of bees.
“We found that bees ___34___ different parts of their brain to processing social information that is either negative or positive,” Gene Robinson, an author of the study, told Newsweek. This discovery is ___35___given how small their brains are; we did not expect such spatial separation of social information of different valence. Valence is a term used in psychology when discussing emotions to refer to the intrinsic (内在的) positivity or negativity of an event, object, or situation.
In the study, the researchers looked at regions of the honey bee brain that’s ___36___ in other invertebrates (非脊柱动物), referred to as “mushroom bodies,” which are associated with sensory processing, learning and memory. They ___37___ the expressions of genes following aggressive or collaborative social interactions, demonstrating that different parts of the these mushroom bodies were specially activated depending on the valence of the interaction — in other words, whether the interaction was harmful or ___38___.
“These findings can help us better understand ‘biological embedding (嵌入),’ or how social information ‘gets under skin’ to affect the behavior,’ he said. “Biological embedding is an important issue in understanding health and ___39___ in humans.”
Furthermore, because the type of memory that the researchers documented is ____40____ in the brains of vertebrates, the latest findings demonstrated a link between vertebrate and invertebrate cognition despite the two animal groups diverging (分岔) in evolutionary terms around 600 million years ago.
【答案】31. D 32. I
33. F 34. J
35. K 36. B
37. C 38. G
39. H 40. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是发表在《皇家学会学报》上的一项研究现在对蜜蜂这种昆虫的认知能力有了新的认识——蜜蜂可以记住积极和消极的经历。
【31题详解】
考查名词。句意：发表在《皇家学会学报》上的一项研究现在对这种昆虫的认知能力有了新的认识。分析句子结构可知，空处为句子的宾语成分，短语cast new light on意为“使明白；阐明”，固定搭配，light“对（问题的了解）；识破”为名词，符合句意。故选D项。
【32题详解】
考查名词。句意：来自伊利诺伊大学Champaign分校的一组研究人员发现，蜜蜂可以记住积极和消极的经历，比如照顾它们的孩子或抵御敌人。分析句子结构可知空处应填名词形式，作为宾语，experiences“经历”为名词，符合句意。故选I项。
【33题详解】
考查形容词。句意：科学家们早就知道，像我们这样的脊椎动物——有尾骨的动物——能够在不同的大脑区域对快乐和痛苦的记忆进行分类。分析句子结构可知空处应填形容词修饰，作定语，修饰名词brain areas，distinct“不同的”为形容词，符合句意。故选F项。
【34题详解】
考查时态。句意：“我们发现蜜蜂用大脑的不同部位来处理社会信息，这些信息要么是消极的，要么是积极的。”该研究的作者之一吉恩·罗宾逊告诉《新闻周刊》。分析句子结构可知空处应为宾语从句的谓语动词，devote...to...意为“把……用于……”，固定搭配，devote“把……用于”为动词，符合句意，一般现在时。故选J项。
【35题详解】
考查形容词。句意：考虑到它们的大脑非常小，这一发现令人震惊；我们没有想到不同价值的社会信息会在空间上如此分离。分析句子结构可知空处应填形容词形式，作表语，striking“惊人的”为形容词，符合句意。故选K项。
【36题详解】
考查形容词。句意：在这项研究中，研究人员观察了蜜蜂大脑中存在于其他无脊椎动物的被称为“蘑菇体”的与感觉处理、学习和记忆有关的区域。分析句子结构可知空处应填形容词形式，作表语，present“包含于……的”为形容词，be present in 意为“存在于……的”，符合句意。故选B项。
【37题详解】
考查时态。句意：它们在攻击性或合作性社会互动后比较了基因的表达，证明这些蘑菇体的不同部位是根据互动的价值被特别激活的——换句话说，是基于这种互动是有害的还是有益的。分析句子结构可知空处应填动词形式，作谓语，compared“比较”为动词，符合句意，一般过去时。故选C项。
【38题详解】
考查形容词。句意：它们在攻击性或合作性社会互动后比较了基因的表达，证明这些蘑菇体的不同部位是根据互动的价值被特别激活的——换句话说，是基于这种互动是有害的还是有益的。分析句子结构可知空处应填形容词形式，作表语，与harmful并列，beneficial“有益的”为形容词，符合句意。故选G项。
【39题详解】
考查名词。句意：“生物嵌入在了解人类健康和福祉方面是一个重要的问题。”分析句子结构可知空处应填名词形式，作宾语，与health并列，well-being“福祉”为名词，符合句意。故选H项。
【40题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：此外，由于研究人员记录的记忆类型是在脊椎动物的大脑中建立起来的，最新的发现证明了脊椎动物和无脊椎动物认知之间的联系，尽管这两个动物群体在大约6亿年前在进化方面分道扬镳。分析句子结构可知空处应填动词形式，作谓语， established“建立”为动词，符合句意，和is构成一般现在时的被动语态。故选A项。

IV. Reading Comprehensions
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage, there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Biodiversity is a concept that's commonly referenced, yet regularly misunderstood. The complex___41___ not only refers to the unbelievable variety of life on Earth, but to how everything from genes to entire ecosystems interact to make the planet habitable. The bad news: science shows that biodiversity is ___42___ worldwide at a faster rate than at any time in human history. That’s obviously devastating for everything in nature--including us.
“If biodiversity disappears, so do people,” says Dr. Stephen Woodley, field ecologist and bio-diversity expert with the International Union for Conservation of Nature. “We are part of the ___43___ and we do not exist without it.”
Preventing such a catastrophe, says Woodley, begins with understanding why biodiversity is declining, and then taking action to ___44___ course.
“The two greatest ___45___ of biodiversity loss are habitat loss, primarily on land, and overexploitation, primarily in the ocean,” Woodley says. He explains that we can solve these problems by permanently ___46___ more lands and oceans and managing them for their conservation values.
That's the mission of the global Campaign for Nature, a partnership of the Wyss Foundation and the National Geographic Society. Instead of simply protecting 30 percent of the Earth, the___47___ also encourages nations, in full partnership with local communities, to focus on the right 30 percent. Those areas, says Woodley, ___48___ the most important biodiversity, such as endangered species and ecosystems and rare species and ecosystems.
The campaign also recognizes the importance of___49___ local rights. Local peoples manage or hold tenure(保有权) over lands that support about 80 percent of the world's biodiversity, making it ____50____ for these communities to be full partners in developing and implementing strategies.
____51____, protecting the health of key biodiversity areas is vital for tackling climate change, says National Geographic Explorer-in-Residence Dr. Enric Sala. Pairing the international Paris Agreement to combat climate change, Sala's paper asserts, “would ____52____catastrophic(灾难性的) climate change, conserve species, and secure essential ecosystem services.”
“Biodiversity is stability,” says Sala. “Trees, wetlands, grasslands, peat bogs(泥炭沼泽), salt marshes(盐沼), healthy ocean ecosystems, mangroves(红树林), and plants ____53____ much of the carbon pollution humans put into the atmosphere. Yet, right now, less than half of the planet is in its natural state, which isn't enough.” Bottom line: Nature needs us to act-now. “Moving to Mars is not a(n) ____54____,” Sala adds. “The only conditions for our life and for the prosperity of human society are here on Earth ...we are ____55____ protecting it.”
41. A. argument B. term C. structure D. problem
42. A. altering B. developing C. stabilizing D. worsening
43. A. ecosystem B. threat C. cycle D. procedure
44. A. affect B. change C. reverse D. continue
45. A. aspects B. causes C. consequences D. occasions
46. A. acquiring B. protecting C. exploiting D. possessing
47. A. management B. announcement C. campaign D. competition
48. A. consume B. destroy C. lose D. contain
49. A. denying B. enjoying C. ignoring D. respecting
50. A. essential B. simple C. temporary D. profitable
51. A. Besides B. However C. Thus D. Otherwise
52. A. witness B. detect C. confirm D. avoid
53. A. measure B. absorb C. survive D. prevent
54. A. mission B. decision C. option D. exploration
55. A. worried about B. confident in C. responsible for D. good at
【答案】41. B 42. D 43. A 44. C 45. B 46. B 47. C 48. D 49. D 50. A 51. A 52. D 53. B 54. C 55. C
【解析】
【分析】本文为说明文。本文讲述了保护生物多样性的重要性，号召人们采取行动保护我们赖以生存的地球。
【41题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个复杂的术语不仅指地球上令人难以置信的生命多样性，还指从基因到整个生态系统如何相互作用，从而使地球适于居住。A. argument论点；B. term术语；C. structure结构；D. problem问题。根据上一句可知，生物多样性这个概念经常被引用，但也经常被误解。这是个复杂的“术语”，故选B。
【42题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：坏消息:科学表明，全球生物多样性正在以比人类历史上任何时候都要快的速度恶化。A. altering改变；B. developing发展；C. stabilizing安定；D. worsening恶化。根据“The bad news”可知，这是一个坏消息，因此排除其他选项，选项D. worsening(恶化)符合语境，故选D。
【43题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们是生态系统的一部分，没有它我们就不能生存。A. ecosystem生态系统；B. threat威胁；C. cycle循环；D. procedure程序，步骤。上文讲到，如果生物多样性消失，人类也会消失，可知，我们是生态系统(ecosystem)的一部分。故选A。
【44题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Woodley说，要防止这样的灾难，首先要了解生物多样性为什么在下降，然后采取行动扭转局面。A. affect影响；B. change改变；C. reverse反转，扭转；D. continue继续。根据语境可知，我们要了解生物多样性下降的原因，并且采取措施扭转这一过程，故选C。
【45题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：生物多样性丧失的两大原因是栖息地的丧失，主要是在陆地上，以及过度开发，主要是在海洋中。A. aspects方面；B. causes原因；C. consequences结果；D. occasions场合，机会。根据句意可知，栖息地的丧失是生物多样性衰退的原因（cause）之一，故选B。
【46题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他解释说，我们可以通过永久地保护更多的土地和海洋，并根据它们的保护价值管理它们来解决这些问题。A. acquiring获得；B. protecting保护；C. exploiting开发；D. possessing占有。根据句意，我们要“保护（protect）”土地和海洋，故选B。
【47题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这项运动并不是简单地保护地球的30%，而是鼓励各国与当地社区通力合作，关注正确的30%。A. management管理；B. announcement公告；C. campaign战役，活动；D. competition竞争，比赛。这里指“the global Campaign for Nature（全球保护自然运动）”，故选C。
【48题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Woodley说，这些地区拥有最重要的生物多样性，如濒危物种和生态系统以及稀有物种和生态系统。A. consume消耗；B. destroy毁坏；C. lose丢失；D. contain包含。全球自然运动的使命是保护这些地区，是因为这些地区拥有（contain）最重要的生物多样性，故选D。
【49题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：该运动也认识到尊重地方权利的重要性。A. denying否认；B. enjoying喜欢；C. ignoring忽略；D. respecting尊重。根据下文可知，当地人民管理或拥有土地的使用权，因此该运动认识到尊重他们的重要性，故选D。
【50题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当地人民管理或拥有土地使用权，这些土地支撑着世界上约80%的生物多样性，使这些社区成为制定和执行战略的全面伙伴至关重要。A. essential必要的，必不可少的；B. simple简单的；C. temporary临时的；D. profitable有益的。根据上文，当地人民在保护生物多样性方面十分重要，全球自然运动有必要与当地社区联合行动保护多样性，选项A符合语境，故选A。
【51题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，国家地理常驻探险家Enric Sala博士说，保护关键生物多样性地区的健康对于应对气候变化至关重要。A. Besides此外；B. However然而；C. Thus因此；D. Otherwise否则。上文讲述了保护生物多样性的重要性，该句讲“保护生物多样性对于应对气候变化至关重要”，这与上文是并列关系，故选A。
【52题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Sala的论文认为，与国际巴黎协定结合起来对抗气候变化，将避免灾难性的气候变化，保护物种，并确保基本的生态系统服务。A. witness目击；B. detect察觉；C. confirm确认，证实；D. avoid避免。根据句意，对抗气候变化会“避免（avoid）”灾难性的气候变化，故选D。
【53题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：树木、湿地、草原、泥炭沼泽、盐沼、健康的海洋生态系统、红树林和植物吸收了人类排放到大气中的大部分碳污染。A. measure衡量；B. absorb吸收；C. survive存活；D. prevent阻止。根据常识，树木“吸收（absorb）”大气中的碳，故选B。
【54题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“移居火星不是一个选择。” Sala补充说，“我们的生活和人类社会繁荣的唯一条件是在地球上。”A. mission使命；B. decision决定；C. option选项，选择；D. exploration探索。根据下文，Sala认为人类唯一得以生存和繁荣的地方就是地球，因此认为移居火星不是一个（正确的）选择。故选C。
【55题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：我们有责任保护它。A. (be) worried about担心；B. (be) confident in自信；C. (be) responsible for对…负责；D. (be) good at擅长。根据上文可知，我们有责任保护我们赖以生存的地球，故选C。

Section B
Directions: Read the following two passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
The traditional tent cities at festivals such as Glastonbury may never be the same again. In a victory of green business that is certain to appeal to environmentally-aware music-lovers, a design student is to receive financial support to produce eco-friendly tents made of cardboard that can be recycled after the bands and the crowds have gone home.
Major festivals such as Glastonbury throw away some 10,000 abandoned tents at the end of events each year. For his final year project at the University of the West of England, James Dun-lop came up with a material that can be recycled. And to cope with the British summer, the cardboard has been made waterproof.
Taking inspiration from a Japanese architect who has used cardboard to make big buildings, including churches, Mr. Dun-lop used cardboard material for his tents which he called Myhabs.
The design won an award at the annual New Designers Exhibition after Mr. Dun-lop graduated from his product design degree and he decided to try to turn it into a business.
To raise money for the idea, he toured the city’s private companies which fund new business and found a supporter in the finance group Mint. He introduced his idea to four of Mint’s directors and won their support. Mint has committed around £500,000 to Myhabs and taken a share of 30 percent in Mr. Dun-lop’s business. The first Myhabs should be tested at festivals this summer before being marketed fully next year.
Mr. Dun-lop said that the design, which accommodates two people could have other uses such as for disaster relief and housing for the London Olympics.
For music events, the cardboard houses will be ordered online and put up at the sites by the Myhabs team before the festival-goers arrive and removed by the company afterwards. They can be personalized and the company will offer reductions on the expense if people agree to sell exterior (外部的) advertising space.
The biggest festivals attract tens of thousands of participants with Glastonbury having some 150,000 each year. Altogether there are around 100 annual music festivals where people camp in the UK. The events are becoming increasingly environmentally conscious.
56. The highlighted phrase “eco-friendly tents” in Paragraph 1 refer to tents _______.
A. economically desirable B. favorable to the environment
C. for holding music performances D. designed for disaster relief
57. Mr. Dun-lop established his business _________.
A. independently with an interest free loan from Mint
B. with the approval of the City’s administration
C. with the help of a Japanese architect
D. in partnership with a finance group
58. It is implied in the passage that _________.
A. the weather in the UK is changeable in summer
B. most performances at British festivals are given in the open air
C. the cardboard tents produced by Mr. Dun-lop can be user-tailored
D. cardboard tents can be easily put up and removed by users
59. The tents _________ according to the passage.
A. have good commercial value
B. can’t resist water
C. are only for open air festivals
D. are promoted strongly by the UK government
【答案】56. B 57. D 58. C 59. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是为了让大型节日庆典更环保，James Dunlop获得灵感研发了一种可循环利用的帐篷，目前他的想法已经得到一家公司的支持。这种新型环保帐篷有望在明年上市。
【56题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第一段中“In a victory of green business that is certain to appeal to environmentally-aware music-lovers, a design student is to receive financial support to produce eco-friendly tents made of cardboard that can be recycled after the bands and the crowds have gone home.(这是一场绿色商业的胜利，肯定会吸引有环保意识的音乐爱好者。一位设计专业的学生将获得经济支持，用纸板制作eco-friendly帐篷，在乐队和观众回家后可以回收利用)”的可知，这种帐篷是用纸板做的，而且可以回收利用，因此是一种环保的纸板。用词可知，eco-friendly tent指的是“环保的帐篷”，与B相意思相近。故选B。
57题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段中“To raise money for the idea, he toured the city’s private companies which fund new business and found a supporter in the finance group Mint. (为了筹钱，他去了本地为新业务提供资金的公司，其中财团Mint成为他的支持者)”可知，Dunlop先生与一家金融集团合作建立了他的公司。故选D。
【58题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“They can be personalized and the company will offer reductions on the expense if people agree to sell exterior advertising space.(它们可以个性化定制，如果人们同意出售外部广告空间，公司将提供减少费用)”可推知，Dunlop先生的纸板帐篷用户可以进行定制。故选C。
【59题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The biggest festivals attract tens of thousands of participants with Glastonbury having some 150,000 each year. Altogether there are around 100 annual music festivals where people camp in the UK.(最大的音乐节吸引了成千上万的参与者，格拉斯顿伯里音乐节每年约有15万人参加。在英国，每年大约有100个音乐节供人们露营)”可以推断音乐节期间会有大量的人因为露营要购买帐篷，所以Dunlop先生的纸板帐篷有良好的商业价值。故选A项。
(B)
Science fiction paints a future where robots play an important part in everyday life. A technology firm is trying to make that future a reality today with an affordable robot called Artibo. Artibo is small. Its brain, or AI block, is a cube (立方体）that fits in your hand. That block connects to a motor block and two silicon wheels. Assembled, it's about four inches tall.
Artibo is much more than just a robot that you program to move around. Artibo’s designers want it to provide companionship and be a resource for learning coding. With its camera, microphone and connection to a cloud-based AI, it can respond to voice commands or function like a walkie-talkie(对讲 机).It talks like a chatbot and can tell bedtime stories. It can even help you learn other languages!
Artibo isn’t quite ready for stores yet, though. It’s part of a crowdfunding project. Crowdfunding is a program where you put a request online to a crowd of people. Supporters can then pay large or small amounts to help you finish a project. Artibo will first be available to people who have paid to help bring it into production.
Using computer code to program your own toys is nothing new. LEGO first released a robot kit in 1998. Since then, programmable robots have become one of the best-selling units in the LEGO product line. Programming robots might sound comparable to rocket science, but anyone can program one using nothing more than a tablet or a smartphone and code blocks.
Code blocks allow you to program simple or complex commands by assembling visual blocks of code on the canvas ( 画 布 ）of a computer screen. Just drag and drop a variety of code blocks from a programming menu, link them together, and watch how your robot responds. In Artibo’s case coding doesn’t stop there. Unlike other similar programmable toys, Artibo will also allow you to write your own code. So as your familiarity with coding increases, you won’t lose interest in Artibo.
60. According to the passage, the purpose of developing Artibo is .
A. helping people learn anything they want and providing companionship
B. providing a robot that can move, accompany and help people learn coding
C. chatting with people, telling bedtime stories and supplying languages
D. helping people raise money on line and creating programmable robots
61. What can be concluded from the passage?
A. Programming robots is not really complicated.
B. Programming robots is advanced like a rocket.
C. Programming robots can be used in smartphones.
D. Programming robots used in toys is not new at all.
62. The passage implies that _______.
A. People can program various orders even without code blocks.
B. Anyone can control Artibo freely unlike other programming toys.
C. The more familiar you’re with coding, the more you’ll like Artibo.
D. Artibo is popular in the world especially among young people.
【答案】60. B 61. A 62. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了阿蒂博机器人。一家科技公司正试图推出一款名为“阿蒂博”(Artibo)的平价机器人，其设计者希望它能提供陪伴，并成为学习编程的资源。
【60题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中Artibo is much more than just a robot that you program to move around. Artibo’s designers want it to provide companionship and be a resource for learning coding. 阿蒂博不仅仅是一个你可以随意移动的机器人。阿蒂博的设计者希望它能提供陪伴，并成为学习编程的资源。可知阿蒂博机器人不仅能移动，也能提供陪伴，帮助学习编程。故选B项。
【61题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中Programming robots might sound comparable to rocket science, but anyone can program one using nothing more than a tablet or a smartphone and code blocks. 编程机器人可能听起来像火箭科学，但任何人都可以用平板电脑或智能手机和代码块为机器人编程。可知，编程机器人真的并不复杂。故选A项。
【62题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中Unlike other similar programmable toys, Artibo will also allow you to write your own code. So as your familiarity with coding increases, you won’t lose interest in Artibo. 与其他类似的可编程玩具不同，阿蒂博还允许你编写自己的代码。因此，随着您对编码的熟悉程度的增加，您不会对阿蒂博失去兴趣。可知，你对编码越熟悉，就越喜欢阿蒂博。故选C项。
(C)
Animal-rights activists often complain that cute beasts get more sympathy than equally deserving ugly ones. If so, one would think a lovely creature like the mink (貂)would be easy to protect. Yet in the Netherlands, mink is the only animal that can still legally be farmed for their fur. That is about to change. On August 28th the government brought forward to this year a ban on mink-farming that had been scheduled to take effect in 2024. The timetable was sped up not because mink had become more adorable, but because they can contract covid-19 and spread it to humans.
Dutch farmers normally raised about 2.5 million minks a year, making the Netherlands the world's fourth-largest producer after Denmark, China and Poland. In April, a couple of minks and the farm hands who tended them were diagnosed with covid- 19. Genetic tracing showed that at least two workers had probably been infected by mink, rather than the other way around. The affected animals were destroyed and stricter hygiene rules imposed, but by summer the virus had spread to a third of the country's farms. In June, parliament voted to shut down the industry as soon as possible, and the cabinet agreed.
That was a win for the Netherlands Party for the Animals, which has four seats in the 150-memeber parliament. In 2013, it helped pass the law that gave mink farmers until 2024 to get out of the business.
Now the party and its supporters object to the generous compensation （补偿）the government has offered for bringing forward the deadline: $150 million, or $1 million per farmer. Some members of parliament claim that the compensation paid for destroying the infected minks was higher than the market price for their fur.
Fur farmers any modern standards allow minks to be raised humanely, and that they are not a big reason for the spread of the virus. But minks tend to live by themselves instead of living in groups: animal-rights advocates say they cannot be raised humanely in small cages. As for covid-I9, the worry is that mink could serve as a medium for it to attack human immunization （免疫）programs. The industry's value is modest （framers put it at $150 million 0 $200 million, activists at under $100 million）, and polls show the public overwhelmingly opposes it. "In a democratic country, that widespread belief has to translate into a political decision to ban fur farming," says Esther Ouwehand, leader of the Party for the Animals. The farmers accept they are shutting down. The remaining argument is over money.
63. According to the passage, why did animal - activists have an unexpected win for protecting minks?
A. Because mink's cute appearance won people's heart.
B. Because the minks could act as a host for an infectious disease.
C. Because the government carried out an act earlier than planned.
D. Because the farmers stopped raising minks, considering the great reward.
64. What does the writer mean by saying “the other way around" in paragraph 2?
A. The farm-raised minks were born with the virus.
B. The fanners were infected with covid-I9 by minks.
C. The minks contracted covid- 19 from their caregiver.
D. The affected minks had contact with the virus in nature.
65. Esther Ouwehand and his party members supported the following statements EXCEPT ________.
A. Minks can be easily bred by humans without bringing any harm to them.
B. It is acceptable to shut down mink fur industry because it isn't profitable.
C. Objection to fur industry is a main reason behind this governmental decision.
D. The amount of money to make up for the loss of the mink farmers was too high.
66. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
A. Cuteness Wins
B. An Unexpected Win
C. Winter for Minks
D. Farmers v.s. Activists
【答案】63. B 64. C 65. A 66. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了因为水貂可以充当新冠病毒的宿主，荷兰政府将原定于2024年实施的禁止水貂养殖的禁令提前到了今年，这是动物活动家在保护水貂方面取得的意想不到的胜利。
【63题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的“the government brought forward to this year a ban on mink-farming that had been scheduled to take effect in 2024. The timetable was sped up not because mink had become more adorable, but because they can contract covid-19 and spread it to humans.”可知，今年政府将水貂养殖禁令提前到了2024年。养殖禁令的时间之所以提前，并不是因为水貂变得更加可爱，而是因为它们可以感染新冠病毒并传播给人类。由此可知，动物活动家在保护水貂方面取得了意想不到的胜利是因为水貂可以充当传染病的宿主。故选B。
【64题详解】
短语猜测题。根据第二段的“ In April, a couple of minks and the farm hands who tended them were diagnosed with covid- 19. Genetic tracing showed that at least two workers had probably been infected by mink, ”可知，4月，一对水貂和养殖它们的农场主被诊断出感染了新冠病毒。基因溯源显示，至少有两个工人可能被水貂感染了。再结合rather than（而不是）可知，病毒是由水貂传给了工人，而不是水貂从工人那里感染了新冠病毒，因此“the other way around”的意思与其前的内容相反，即水貂从工人那里感染了新冠病毒。故选C。
65题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段的“But minks tend to live by themselves instead of living in groups: animal-rights advocates say they cannot be raised humanely in small cages. ”可知，水貂倾向于独自生活，而不是成群结队在一起。动物权利倡导者说，它们被饲养在小笼子里是不人道的。由此可知，Esther Ouwehand和其他成员并不认为水貂可以很容易地被养殖而不会给它们带来任何伤害。故选A。
【66题详解】
标题判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了因为水貂可以充当新冠病毒的宿主，荷兰政府将原定于2024年实施的禁止水貂养殖的禁令提前到了今年，这是动物活动家在保护水貂方面取得的意想不到的胜利，因此B项（意外的胜利）适合作文章标题。故选B。

Section C
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
How good are you at saying “no”? For many, it’s surprisingly difficult. ___67___ Consider these scenes:
It’s late in the day. That front-page package you’ve been working on is nearly complete: one last edit and it’s finished. Then enters the executive editor, who makes a suggestion requiring a more-than-modest rearrangement of the design and the addition of an information box. You want to scream: “No! It’s done!” What do you do?
The first rule of saying no to the boss is “don’t say no.” ___68___ The second rule is “don’t raise the risks by chanllenging his authority.” That issue is already decided. The third rule is “to be ready to cite options and consequences.” The boss’s suggestions might be appropriate, but there are always consequences. He might not know about the pages backing up that attention, or about the designer who had to go home sick. Tell him he can have what he wants, but explain the consequences. Understand what he’s trying to accomplish and propose a Plan B that will make it happen without destroying what you’ve done so far.
Here’s another case. Your least-favorite reporter suggests a dumb story idea. ___69___If you say no, even politely, you risk holding back further ideas, not just from that reporter, but from others who heard that you turned down the idea. This case is common in newsrooms that lack a systematic way to filter (过滤) story suggestions.
Two steps are necessary. First, you need a system for how stories are proposed and reviewed. Reporters can tolerate rejection of their ideas if they believe they were given a fair hearing. Your natural reaction and strong rejection, even of a worthless idea, might not qualify as systematic or fair.
Second, the people you work with need to negotiate a “What if ...?” agreement covering “What if my idea is turned down?” How are people expected to react? Is there an appeal process? Can they perfect the idea and resubmit it? ___70___
A. This one should be easy, but it’s not.
B. Successful negotiators always look at the situation from the other side’s perspective.
C. He probably has something in mind when he makes suggestions and it’s up to you to find out what.
D. This is especially true of editors, who by nature tend to be eager and engaged participants in everything they do.
E. Be kind and given him positive feedback before your refusal and be specific about what you do like or appreciate about him.
F. By anticipating “What if ...?” situations before they happen, you can reach understanding and it will help ease you out of confrontations.
【答案】67. D 68. C 69. A 70. F
【解析】
【导语】本文是为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何明智地拒绝。
【67题详解】
根据下一段“It’s late in the day. That front-page package you’ve been working on is nearly complete: one last edit and it’s finished. Then enters the executive editor, who makes a suggestion requiring a more-than-modest rearrangement of the design and the addition of an information box. You want to scream: “No! It’s done!”(现在已经很晚了。你一直在做的头版软件包几乎完成了：最后一次编辑就完成了。然后执行编辑进来了，他提出了一个建议，要求对设计进行非常适当的重新安排，并增加一个信息框。你想尖叫：“不!这已经完成了!”)”可知，文章中是以编辑为例。选项D“This is especially true of editors, who by nature tend to be eager and engaged participants in everything they do.(对于编辑来说尤其如此，他们天生热衷于参与他们所做的每一件事)”与下文内容一致。故选D。
【68题详解】
根据空前“The first rule of saying no to the boss is “don’t say no.”(对老板说“不”的第一条规则是“不要说不”)”以及空后的“The second rule is “don’t raise the risks by challenging his authority.”(第二条规则是“不要因挑战他的权威而增加风险。”)”可知，空处是对第一条规则的阐述。选项C“He probably has something in mind when he makes suggestions, and it’s up to you to find out what.(当他提出建议的时候，他可能心里有什么想法，而这取决于你去发现是什么)”中的“he”指的正是上文的“the boss”，故选项C与上文一致。故选C。
【69题详解】
根据下文“If you say no, even politely, you risk holding back further ideas, not just from that reporter, but from others who heard that you turned down the idea. This case is common in newsrooms that lack a systematic way to filter(过滤)story suggestions.(如果你说“不”，即使是礼貌地说“不”，你可能会阻止更多的想法，不仅是对那个记者，而且是对其他听说你拒绝了这个想法的人。这种情况在缺乏系统过滤新闻建议的新闻编辑室中很常见)”可知，拒绝这个记者的新闻创意看似简单，其实不然，可能会使你没有机会听到其他人的想法。选项A“This one should be easy, but it’s not. (这应该很容易，但事实并非如此)”引出下文，与下文内容一致。故选A。
【70题详解】
根据上文“Second, the people you work with need to negotiate a “What if ...?” agreement covering “What if my idea is turned down?” How are people expected to react? Is there an appeal process? Can they perfect the idea and resubmit it?( 第二，和你一起工作的人需要协商一个“如果……会怎样？”“如果我的想法被拒绝了怎么办？”人们应该如何反应?有启发程序吗？他们能完善这个想法并重新提交吗？)”可知，需要有一个心理预期。选项F“By anticipating “What if ...?” situations before they happen, you can reach understanding and it will help ease you out of confrontations.(通过预测“如果……会怎样?”在事情发生之前，你可以达成谅解，这将帮助你摆脱冲突)”与上文一致，阐述了这样做的好处和必要性。故选F。
V. Summary Writing
71. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Perhaps you’ve heard the old saying “curiosity killed the cat.” It’s a phrase that’s often used to warn people, especially children, not to ask too many questions. Yet it’s widely agreed that curiosity actually makes learning more effective. In fact, research has shown that curiosity is just as important as intelligence in determining how well students do in school.
Curiosity can also lead us to make unexpected discoveriesand open up new possibilities. In science, basic curiosity-driven research can have unexpected important benefits. For example, one day in 1831, Michael Faraday was playing around with a coil (线圈) and a magnet (磁铁) when he suddenly saw how he could produce an electrical current. The discovery changed the world.
However, curiosity is currently under the biggest threat, coming from technology. On one level, this is because technology has become so advanced that many of us are unable to think too deeply about how exactly things work anymore.
In addition to this, there’s the fact that we all now connect so deeply with technology, particularly with our phones. The more we stare at our screens, the less we talk to other people directly. All too often we accept the images of people that social media provides up with. Then we feel we know enough about a person not to need to engage further with them.
The final—and perhaps most worrying—way in which technology stops us from asking more has to do with algorithms, the processes followed by computers. As we increasingly get our news via social media, algorithms find out what we like and push more of the same back to us. That means we end up inside our own little bubbles, no longer coming across new ideas. Perhaps the real key to developing curiosity in the 21st century, then, is to rely less on the tech tools of our age.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Curiosity determines one’s academic performance and can lead to new discoveries. However, technology seriously endangers curiosity . It prevents people from thinking deeply and engaging with each other . Worst of all, it keeps feeding us what it thinks we like instead of exposing us to new ideas. Therefore, to develop curiosity, we need to rely less on technology. (57 words)
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了好奇心在人们学习新知识和发现新事物方面的促进作用，并指出现代技术的日益发达对人们好奇心的消极影响。
【详解】1 要点摘录①Curiosity is just as important as intelligence in determining how well students do in school.
②Technology has become so advanced that many of us are unable to think too deeply about how exactly things work anymore.
③Then we feel we know enough about a person not to need to engage further with them.
④As we increasingly get our news via social media, algorithms find out what we like and push more of the same back to us.
⑤Perhaps the real key to developing curiosity in the 21st century, then, is to rely less on the tech tools of our age.
2.缜密构思： 将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第3、4两个要点进行整合，将第5个要点作为总结。
3.遣词造句
①Curiosity determines one’s academic performance and can lead to new discoveries.
②Technology prevents people from thinking deeply and engaging with each other .
③Technology keeps feeding us what it thinks we like instead of exposing us to new ideas.
④We need to rely less on technology.
【点睛】[高分句型1] It prevents people from thinking deeply and engaging with each other . 运用一个简单句对原文第三段和第四段进行了概括。其中prevent sb. from doing sth.这个固定短语的运用显得很高级。thinking和engaging两个动名词作from的宾语。
[高分句型2] Worst of all, it keeps feeding us what it thinks we like instead of exposing us to new ideas. 用一个复杂的主从复合句概括了第五段内容。其中what引导宾语从句、固定短语instead of和expose sb. to sth.的使用非常巧妙。

VI. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
72. 我想知道，个人成功的关键因素是超群的智力还是不断的努力和坚定的信念。(wonder)(汉译英)
【答案】I wonder if the key to personal success is superior intelligence or constant effort and conviction.
【解析】
【详解】考查短语、时态和宾语从句。the key to……的关键；superior intelligence智力优异；constant effort不断的努力。动词wonder后接宾语从句，表示疑问，用if或whether引导。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。根据句意，故翻译为I wonder if the key to personal success is superior intelligence or constant effort and conviction.
73. 这部以真实故事为基础的电影获得了大奖，故事中突如其来的森林大火严重威胁到当地居民的生命和财产安全。(where) (汉译英)
【答案】The true-story-based film, where the sudden forest fires seriously threatened the lives and property of local residents, won a grand prize.
【解析】
【详解】考查短语、时态和定语从句。 forest fire森林大火； local resident当地居民；win a prize得奖。句中先行词为The true-story-based film，在非限定性定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。根据句意，故填The true-story-based film, where the sudden forest fires seriously threatened the lives and property of local residents, won a grand prize.
74. 直到20世纪60年代才出现确凿的科学依据，经常做一些慷慨的行为会对人们的情绪健康产生奇效。(It was ...) (汉译英)
【答案】It was not until the 1960s that solid scientific evidence emerged, and often doing some generous behavior would work wonders for people’s emotional well-being.
【解析】
【详解】考查短语、时态、非谓语动词和强调句。scientific evidence科学依据；work wonder创造奇迹；emotional well-being情绪健康。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。本句运用强调句型It was not until +强调部分+that从句，直到……才……，强调的部分是“20世纪60年代”。并列句缺少主语，所以用动名词作主语。表示在过去预计将要发生的动作或存在的状态，用过去将来时。根据句意，故翻译为It was not until the 1960s that solid scientific evidence emerged, and often doing some generous behavior would work wonders for people’s emotional well-being.
75. 政府采取积极行动呼吁市民们回收和再利用材料是至关重要的，因为此举不仅保护了自然资源，而且有助于创造新的就业机会。(not only引导倒装句) (汉译英)
【答案】It is vital for the government to take active action to call on citizens to recycle and reuse materials, as not only does it protect natural resources, but also helps to create new jobs.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态、it作形式主语不定式作真正的主语、部分倒装、形容词、动词短语、不定式作宾补及不定式作宾语。结合句意此处表示客观陈述，主句应用一般现在时；表示“至关重要的”应用形容词vital，作表语；表示“采取行动做某事”应用take action to do sth，不定式作真正的主语；表示“号召”应用动词短语call on，此处应用不定式作目的状语；表示“回收和再利用材料”应用动词短语recycle and reuse materials，作宾语补足语；表示“不仅……而且……”应用not only…but also…，位于句首，not only所在的句子使用部分倒装；表示“保护自然资源”应用protect natural resources，作as引导的原因状语从句的谓语动词，使用一般现在时，与help并列；表示“创造新的就业机会”应用create new jobs，此处应用不定式形式作help的宾语。故翻译为It is vital for the government to take active action to call on citizens to recycle and reuse materials, as not only does it protect natural resources, but also helps to create new jobs。