2023届高考英语二轮复习语法填空题练（12）作业含答案

高考英语专题复习：原创语法填空题（附详解与翻译）

——改编自China Daily最新实时新闻（12）

Primitive freshwater sponges found in SW China's nature reserve

中国西南部自然保护区发现的原始淡水海绵2022.12.8

GUIYANG – 1、____ large number of freshwater sponges have been found 2、______(recent) in the Xishui national nature reserve of Southwest China's Guizhou province.

As a simple and primitive creature 3、____(date) back to about 600 million years ago, the sponge 4、_____(believe) to be a multicellular animal with the very 5、_____(simple) structure. Freshwater sponges are often found in streams, ponds, and 6、______(lake).

"The freshwater sponges we7、_______(uncover) this time have a very simple structure, mainly living on the moss, with no obvious tissue differentiation, no organs and systems," said Luo Kang with the reserve's administration bureau.

8、____ is the reserve's very first time to record the 9、______(appear) of the species. As all its cells are directly exposed to water, freshwater sponges are very sensitive 10、____ water quality changes and demand a high-quality water environment.

The new discovery of the species in the reserve indicates the improving local water quality and progress in local ecological protection efforts, according to Luo.

答案：

1、A考察冠词                    2、recently考察副词

    3、dating考察非谓语              4、is believed考察被动态

    5、simplest考察最高级                6、lakes考察复数

    7、uncovered考察过去时            　8、It考察It is the first time

    9、appearance考察名词               10、to考察be sensitive to

译文：

贵阳——最近在中国西南部贵州省的习水国家级自然保护区发现了大量淡水海绵。

作为一种可以追溯到6亿年前的简单原始生物，海绵被认为是一种结构最简单的多细胞动物。淡水海绵通常出现在溪流、池塘和湖泊中。

保护区管理局的罗康说：“我们这次发现的淡水海绵结构非常简单，主要生活在苔藓上，没有明显的组织分化，没有器官和系统。”。

这是保护区第一次记录该物种的外貌。由于其所有细胞都直接暴露于水，淡水海绵对水质变化非常敏感，需要高质量的水环境。

根据罗的说法，保护区内新发现的这种物种表明当地水质的改善和当地生态保护工作的进展。

Chinese scientists use plant device to revitalize animal cells

中国科学家利用植物装置活化动物细胞2022.12.8

HANGZHOU -- A group of Chinese scientists made 1、____ breakthrough as they rendered mammalian cells a unique skill 2、____(own) by green plants -- turning water and carbon dioxide 3、_____ oxygen and food via sunlight-- and revitalized those impaired animal cells.

The researchers from Zhejiang University developed an 4、______(independence) and controllable photosynthetic system derived from a device in young spinach leaves, according to the study published on Thursday in the journal Nature.

Then, they integrated this plant system into arthritic mice's degenerated chondrocytes, 5、______ are cells found in the cartilage, and demonstrated that the modified cells, following exposure 6、___ light, help improve the metabolic process in which complex molecules are synthesized from simpler ones with the storage of energy.

The 7、______(researcher) encapsulated the light-powered structure in a nanosized animal cell membrane coating as a camouflage to prevent the rodent's immune system from rejecting it as a foreign body.

In arthritis, the energy-generating devices within cells tend 8、____(lose) steam, but the photosynthesis of plants is capable of 9、______(produce) the needed energy-carrying molecules, said the researchers.

The plant-derived system 10、______(show) to correct energy imbalance, restore cellular metabolism and protect against the chronic inflammation of the joints, according to the study.

答案：  1、a考察冠词                      2、owned考察非谓语

    3、into考察turn into           4、independent考察变形容词

    5、which考察定语从句         6、to考察exposure to

    7、researchers考察复数        8、to lose考察不定式

    9、producing考察of是介词     10、is shown考察被动态

译文：

杭州——一群中国科学家取得了突破，他们将哺乳动物细胞变成了绿色植物所拥有的独特技能——通过阳光将水和二氧化碳转化为氧气和食物——并使受损的动物细胞恢复活力。

周四发表在《自然》杂志上的这项研究表明，浙江大学的研究人员开发了一种独立可控的光合系统，该系统源自于菠菜幼叶中的一种装置。

然后，他们将这种植物系统整合到关节炎小鼠的退化软骨细胞中，软骨细胞是软骨中发现的细胞，并证明经过修饰的细胞在暴露于光照后，有助于改善代谢过程，在代谢过程中，复杂分子由较简单的细胞合成，并储存能量。

研究人员将这种光动力结构封装在纳米大小的动物细胞膜涂层中，作为伪装，以防止啮齿动物的免疫系统将其作为异物排斥。

研究人员表示，在关节炎中，细胞内的能量产生装置往往会失去蒸汽，但植物的光合作用能够产生所需的携带能量的分子。

研究表明，植物衍生的系统可以纠正能量失衡，恢复细胞代谢，防止关节慢性炎症。。

Trade growth steady this year

今年贸易增长稳定2022.12.8

China's foreign trade will maintain a steady 1、____(grow) rate this year, despite headwinds from weakening overseas demand, 2、_____(say) market watchers and exporters on Wednesday.

Even though the country's growth rate of foreign trade slowed in November due 3、____ factors like growing geopolitical tensions and high commodity prices, its foreign trade value rose 8.6 percent year-on-year to 38.34 trillion yuan ($5.78 trillion) during the January-November period this year, data from the General Administration of Customs showed.

The monthly slowdown was 4、____(main) affected by softening overseas demand, inflation pressure and a high growth base during the same period last year. The sluggish 5、_____(perform) of China's real estate sector also dragged on the recovery of both domestic demand 6、____ import demand, said Zhou Maohua, an analyst at China Everbright Bank.

7、____(Give) the resilience of China's supply chains, continued upgrading and optimization of its industrial structure and strong competitiveness of the auto industry, the country's domestic and overseas demand are likely 8、_____(rebound) in the coming months, he said.

Such factors have already propelled exports of mechanical and electrical products, 9、_____ grew by 8.4 percent year-on-year to 12.47 trillion in the first 11 months of the year, 10、______(account) for 57.1 percent of total export value, GAC data showed.

China's general trade maintained double-digit growth — 12.4 percent — to reach 24.47 trillion yuan, accounting for 63.8 percent of the total trade volume.

答案： 1、growth考察名词             2、said考察过去时

    3、to考察due to               4、mainly考察副词

    5、performance考察变名词      6、and考察both…and

    7、Given考察非谓语          8、 to rebound考察不定式

    9、which考察定语从句         10、accounting考察非谓语

译文：

周三，市场观察人士和出口商表示，尽管海外需求减弱带来不利影响，今年中国外贸仍将保持稳定增长。

海关总署的数据显示，尽管由于地缘政治紧张局势加剧和大宗商品价格上涨等因素，中国11月的外贸增长率有所放缓，但今年1-11月期间，中国的外贸总值同比增长8.6%，达到38.34万亿元人民币（合5.78万亿美元）。

月度放缓主要受海外需求疲软、通胀压力和去年同期高增长基数的影响。中国光大银行分析师周茂华表示，中国房地产行业的低迷表现也拖累了国内需求和进口需求的复苏。

他表示，鉴于中国供应链的韧性、产业结构的持续升级和优化以及汽车行业的强大竞争力，未来几个月中国国内外需求可能会反弹。

GAC数据显示，这些因素已经推动了机电产品出口，今年前11个月，机电产品出口同比增长8.4%，达到12.47万亿，占出口总值的57.1%。

中国的一般贸易额保持了两位数的增长——12.4%——达到24.47万亿元人民币，占贸易总额的63.8%。。