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2022-2023学年河南省洛阳市孟津第一高级中学高一（上）期末英语试卷（B卷）(含答案解析)
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这是一份2022-2023学年河南省洛阳市孟津第一高级中学高一（上）期末英语试卷（B卷）(含答案解析)，共20页。
2022-2023学年河南省洛阳市孟津第一高级中学高一（上）期末英语试卷（B卷）
A
Great Barrier Reef （礁）
Marine Conservation Volunteer Program — Cairns
Are you looking for meaningful travel opportunities that put the focus on the protection of easily-damaged ecosystems and threatened marine species？This project is well suited to volunteers who want to help with the reef species monitoring，sea turtle recovery and weekly beach plastic removal.
Volunteers must be at least 18 years old，unless volunteering with a friend or family member who is 18 or older.You aren't required to have any specialized experience，as you'll receive comprehensive training to prepare for carrying out research-based activities at sea.Please note that you need to be able to float and swim at least 50 meters.Please be sure to rate your swimming ability when you apply to volunteer in Australia.All volunteers will be tested upon arrival to the program.
Volunteer schedule
First Day：On your first day of volunteering，you will be accompanied to your project by our local staff.Volunteers typically work in morning and afternoon shifts （换班） that last around 3 to 5 hours each.
Weekdays：A typical volunteer day is as follows：
7：30 AM Breakfast at the volunteer accommodation.
8：00 AM Volunteers leave home and travel to their project.
8：30 AM-1：00 PM Volunteer work and a lunch break.
1：00 PM-3：30 PM Volunteer work.
6：30 PM Dinner at the volunteer accommodation.
Please note this schedule will vary depending on the needs of your particular project.To ensure the safety of our volunteers and respect of others in the volunteer apartment，a curfew （宵禁） of 11：00 PM has been put in place from Sunday to Thursday and a 2：00 AM curfew for Friday and Saturday.
1. What can you do in this project？ ______
A. Do daily beach clean-ups.
B. Count the number of reefs.
C. Do research on ecosystems.
D. Help improve turtles' population.
2. Which of the following is the requirement of the program？ ______
A. Previous training experience.
B. Adequate professional knowledge.
C. Basic swimming ability in the ocean.
D. Participation with a family member.
3. What do we know about the volunteer schedule？ ______
A. You don't need to work all day long.
B. You have to follow the fixed schedule.
C. You take all meals at the accommodation.
D. You are guided by the local staff every day.
B
I walked into my adviser's office，filled up with disappointment and confusion.The recent career workshop where I was given advice about following my dream didn't work for me again.
To become a professor of biology had been my dream for 22 years.However，after about 4 years in a program，I decided I did not want to go after a career in research after all.I began to attend career workshops，hoping they would have the magical answers I needed，but without success.
Finally，I went to my adviser.After listening to my declaim，he calmly told me that instead of focusing on finding a dream job，I should think about what I was good at and what made me happy at least 80% of the time.He assured me there was seldom a perfect job and every job had its ugly bits.He also said it was important to find a job I was good at.
I was relieved to finally have helpful and practical advice.But I discovered that finding common ground between what I liked and what I was good at was not easy.I loved diving，but the physical demands were challenging.I was good at teaching，as evidenced by my friends before and favorable reviews when I was a teaching assistant，but I didn't like repeating the same content every year.Through my teaching experience，however，I also learned that I loved telling stories about science.Maybe science communication would offer what I was looking for.
To test the waters，during my "spare time" I started a blog about the history of scientific discoveries.I found that I loved the freedom to choose what to write about.As for whether I was any good at it，the signs were promising.My writing got noticed，eventually by people at my institution，and I was given chances to write press releases and stories for the university's news office.After 3 years of writing，I was offered a position as a science writer.It was nothing like my childhood dream.But I was happy—more than 80% of the time.
4. Why was the author disappointed and confused？ ______
A. His life-long dream to be a professor didn't come true.
B. The advice he received from the workshop had no use.
C. He didn't learn the magic from the workshop successfully.
D. The program he did wasted him four years of time.
5. What did the author think of the adviser's suggestion？ ______
A. It was temporarily useful. B. It sounded quite average.
C. It seemed challenging. D. It was of use to practice.
6. What can we infer about the author from the fourth paragraph？ ______
A. He didn't like biology.
B. He didn't have a strong body.
C. He had no interest in teaching.
D. He had good communication skills.
7. What kind of person is the author？ ______
A. Active and flexible. B. Focused and humorous.
C. Determined and easy-going. D. Hard-working and independent.
C
A series of fast-moving global trends，motivated by trillion-pound investments （投资），indicates that humanity might be able to avoid the worst influences of global warming.From renewable energy to mass-market electric cars，to plant-based alternatives to meat，these trends show that greenhouse gas emissions （排放） can be stopped.
No one is saying the battle to prevent catastrophic climate change — floods，droughts，famine — has been won. "The important thing is to recognize that we're seriously challenged，" says Christina Figueres，former UN Climate Chief. "At the same time，the fact is we're already seeing many positive trends."
The world's appetite for meat and dairy foods is rising as people's incomes rise，but unless this is entirely changed，there's no way to beat global warming.The task looks discouraging — people hate being told what to eat.However，just in the last year，a potential solution has burst on to the market：plant-based meat，which has a tiny environmental footprint.
A food that looks and tastes just as good as meat or dairy products but is made from plants — has attracted heavy investment.It is particularly obvious in the US，where Bill Gates has backed two plant-based burger （汉堡） companies.
Perhaps even more telling is that major meat and dairy companies are now piling in with investments，such as the US's biggest meat processor，Tyson，and multinational giants Danone and Nestlé.The Chinese government in 2017 put ﹩ 300 million into Israeli companies producing lab-grown meat，which could also cut emissions.
Will these trends move fast enough to avoid the worst of climate change？The LSE's Nicholas Stern is cautiously optimistic，saying that what has changed in recent years is the realization that green economic growth is the only long-term option.
8. According to Paragraph 1，a large amount of money is used to ______ .
A. develop the economy of the world
B. promote the sales of electric cars
C. raise awareness of environmental protection
D. stop the bad influence of global warming
9. What is the main purpose of the invention of plant-based meat？ ______
A. To change the eating habit of humans.
B. To meet the increasing demand of meat.
C. To reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
D. To solve food shortage of the world.
10. What is the function of Paragraph 5 in this text？ ______
A. To explain the background. B. To introduce the topic.
C. To summarize the text. D. To list some examples.
11. In which part of a website can the text be found？ ______
A. Environment. B. Society. C. Technology. D. Education.
D
There's nothing better than a walk in the countryside for lifting our spirits.Connecting with nature has been proven to help our mental health.For some，the refreshing thing is to walk through a forest，but as we admire the trees that surround us，it's worth knowing these trees are doing more than just being nice things to look at.
We're already aware of the benefits of trees—they produce oxygen and clean the air we breathe by absorbing about a quarter of all human-caused carbon dioxide emissions（排放）.But there's more to these impressive forms of vegetation than we might think.Researchers have discovered evidence that proves they are actually intelligent.
It's thought that trees talk and share resources right under our feet，using a fungal（真菌的） network.Under the ground are tree roots，and mixed among them，are thousands of superfine threads of fungi.And research has shown that they are all interconnected.They can help each other by sharing nutrients，and they can even warn of approaching threats.Scientists say it's like the trees are talking to one another.
Ecologist Suzanne Simard has called this network the Wood Wide Web.She discovered that parent trees use this network to help their offspring（后代）.She said， "We found that the parent trees would favour those offspring by sending them more nutrients." She also found that trees are smart enough to change their behaviour and have managed to adapt and survive in a changing environment.
So it seems trees really are the stars of our natural world，and with around a huge number of them on our planet，it's time to show them some respect if we want them to grow healthily.
12. What's the benefit of being surrounded by trees？ ______
A. Increasing our intelligence. B. Improving our mental health.
C. Lowering the risk of diseases. D. Developing our taste for beauty.
13. How do trees talk to each other？ ______
A. By changing their behavior.
B. By changing their environment.
C. By waving to each other with their leaves.
D. By using threads of fungi under the ground.
14. What's the possible way for parent trees to help their offspring survive？ ______
A. They interconnect all the trees.
B. They choose the smartest offspring.
C. They send their offspring more nutrients.
D. They warn their offspring of approaching threats.
15. What's the best title of the text？ ______
A. Clever Trees. B. The Functions of Trees.
C. Natural Selection. D. Environmental Protection.
Are you stressed out，scared or worried all the time？Do you avoid going to certain places，seeing friends or doing certain things because of your worries？Do your worries keep you awake at night？ (1)
Anxiety is a normal and necessary part of life.Anxiety is your brain's way of telling you about danger.It is anxiety that helps you jump out of the way if a car is speeding towards you.But if it gets out of hand，anxiety can get in the way of you getting on with life and can become a real problem. (2)
Anxiety is a normal part of life. (3) There are lots of reasons for this.One main reason is after stressful thing which has happened in your life .So if you are involved in a car crash，it's quite likely that you will be more worried than other people around cars and driving.
(4) If your parents suffer from anxiety，then you are more likely to be anxious too.This is probably partly due to genetics，and partly because of how things are when you're growing up.
Even though people don't talk about it much，anxiety is one of the most common mental health problems.About 1 in 4 people will have an anxiety problem at some time in their life.
If you have an anxiety problem，it's hard for other people to understand why something that doesn't worry them，like being in a crowd of people，can be so scary for you.This can make you feel separated and lonely，as way become worse and worse.
(5) These include talking therapies（疗法）and drugs.
A.If this is the case for you，treatment may be a helpful way for you to get your anxiety under control.
B.Being anxious also probably runs in families.
C.The good news is there are lots of excellent treatments available for anxiety.
D.Almost everybody has a certain degree of anxiety in certain situations.
E.Some people may feel uneasy if moving to a new place and some may get overly anxious in certain situation.
F.Those suffering from anxiety need others' understanding badly.
G.If you've answered yes，you may be suffering from anxiety.
16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
Jerry was the kind of guy you love to hate.He was always in a good mood and always had something(21)to say.
Seeing this style made me(22)，I asked him， "I don't(23)it!You can't be a positive person all the time.How do you do it？"
Jerry replied， "Each time something bad happens，I have two(24).I can choose to be a(25)or to learn from it.I choose the(26)."
"Yeah，right，but it's not that easy，" I(27).
"Yes，it is，" Jerry said. "Life is all about choices.You choose how you(28)to situations.You choose how people will(29)your mood.It's your choice how you live life."
Several years later，I heard that Jerry's home was held up by three armed robbers.The robbers(30)him.
Luckily，Jerry was rushed to the local hospital.After 18 hours of surgery and weeks of good care，Jerry was released.When he recovered，I asked him what had existed in his mind as the(31)took place.
Jerry replied， "As I lay on the floor，I had two choices：I could choose to live， (32)to die.I chose to live.A nurse asked if I was(33)to anything.I took a deep breath and yelled， 'Bullets（子弹）'!Over their(34)，I told them， 'I am choosing to live.Operate on me'."
I learned from him that every day we have the choice to live fully. (35)，after all，is everything.
21. A. interesting B. positive C. ridiculous D. special
22. A. embarrassed B. confused C. amazed D. curious
23. A. obtain B. get C. admire D. pay
24. A. chances B. ways C. options D. ideas
25. A. survivor B. rescuer C. victim D. leader
26. A. latter B. former C. best D. latest
27. A. protested B. declared C. approved D. assumed
28. A. devote B. react C. contribute D. attend
29. A. check B. affect C. reply D. explain
30. A. beat B. arrested C. followed D. shot
31. A. robbery B. killing C. accident D. mistake
32. A. and B. so C. but D. or
33. A. uncomfortable B. allergic C. random D. close
34. A. laughter B. cry C. burst D. anger
35. A. Hope B. Belief C. Attitude D. Dream
36. Nobody (1) （like） to lose，but we must accept that losing is part of life.After all，we can't win all the time.Although losing is unpleasant，it can be a positive thing.We can learn from every failure，which may help us succeed in the future.But first we must know (2) to be a good loser.
For one thing，we should take a positive attitude towards it.We can begin by realizing that losing is sometimes unavoidable.Therefore，we don't need to be (3) （embarrass）.We must correct our mistakes and try again. (4) is known to all，practice makes perfect.If we practise (5) （lose） by creating challenges for (6) （we），we will never be afraid of failure.For another，we should be polite when we lose.If we offer our congratulations to the winner and share in his or her (7) （happy），our disappointment will (8) （definite） go away.
All (9) all，being a good loser will help us to succeed in life.It might be painful at first，but there are many benefits.Good losers (10) （respect） and admired and，most importantly，they win in the end.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
37. 假如你是李华，你的英国朋友 Judy 最近总是感觉身体不适，来信询问你如何保持身体健康。请你根据以下要点，鼓励她改善身体现状。要点包括：1.表示安慰；2.提出建议；3.表达祝愿。
注意：1.写作词数应为 80 左右；2.开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数；
Dear Judy，
______________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
(1)
(2)
(3)
38. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
Ella walked into the kitchen and twirled.She was wearing a new dress and felt like a famous model.Even better，it was a dress she made!Her very first piece of fashion! "What do you think？" she asked her family.They all gathered at the kitchen table for an early school breakfast.The scent of French Toast hung in the air and made Ella's stomach grumble.
"Is that the secret dress you've been working on？" Mom asked.
"Yes!This is it!Don't you love it？" Ella twirled again.
"It's very pretty，Ella.I can't believe you designed and sewed that all by yourself!"
"I'm so proud of you!How long did that take？" Dad said as he reached across the table for the syrup（糖浆） bottle.
Ella pulled out her chair and sat down. "Two weeks!But I think I could make the next one faster."
"Nice job，Ella!I can't believe you can sew like that!You're only eight years old!" Mom praised.
Ella smiled as she poured some syrup over the pancake on her plate.It was going to be a perfect day.
The kids at school were excited about her dress，and she got some nice comments from some girls，so she was happy about that.The day went by quickly，and before she knew it，she was outside for the last class break of the day.What a perfect day!She thought to herself as she swung on the swings.Ella leaned back in the swing and looked up at the blue sky full of white wispy clouds.She smiled.This would be the first dress of many that she would make.Some day she would have her very own fashion line with all kinds of clothes.She would be famous one day.
The school bell rang and the break was over.All the kids were moving slowly toward the door to go back inside.Ella sat up straight on the swing and waited for it to stop.When the swing was close to stopping，Ella jumped off.When she landed，she heard a loud rip. "Oh no!" she whispered as she moved her hand to the back of her dress.It was ripped（撕破） all the way down the back!Everyone would laugh at her.This was terrible!
Paragraph 1：
Ella spotted her teacher，Miss Miller，near the door，calling her into the classroom. Paragraph 2：
"What's wrong，Ella？" Miss Miller asked when she reached Ella.
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】D、C、A
【解析】（1）细节理解题。由文章第一段This project is well suited to volunteers who want to help with the reef species monitoring，sea turtle recovery and weekly beach plastic removal.（这个项目非常适合那些想要帮助监测珊瑚礁物种、海龟恢复和每周清理海滩塑料的志愿者。）可知在这个项目中，志愿者可以参与到帮助提高海龟数量的工作中。所以答案为D。
（2）细节理解题。由文章第二段Please note that you need to be able to float and swim at least 50 meters.（请注意，你需要能够漂浮和游泳至少50米。）可知志愿者需要具备在海洋中游泳的基本能力。所以答案为C。
（3）细节理解题。由小标题Volunteer schedule（志愿者计划）下面的段落中Volunteers typically work in morning and afternoon shifts that last around 3 to 5 hours each.（志愿者通常在上午和下午轮班，每次工作大约3到5个小时。）可知，志愿者不需要全天工作。所以答案为A。
这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了招募志愿者的一项目。
阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料；其次细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。
4~7.【答案】B、D、C、A
【解析】（1）推理判断题。由第一段I walked into my adviser's office，filled up with disappointment and confusion.The recent career workshop where I was given advice about following my dream didn't work for me again.（我走进导师的办公室，心中充满失望和困惑。在最近的职业研讨会上，我得到了关于追随梦想的建议，但这次对我还是没有用。）可知，作者感到失望和迷茫是因为从职业座谈会上得到了对他无用的建议。所以答案为B。
（2）观点态度题。由第三段Finally，I went to my adviser.After listening to my declaim，he calmly told me that instead of focusing on finding a dream job，I should think about what I was good at and what made me happy at least 80% of the time.He assured me there was seldom a perfect job and every job had its ugly bits.He also said it was important to find a job I was good at.（最后，我去找我的导师。听了我的豪言，他平静地告诉我，与其专注于找一份理想的工作，不如想想自己擅长什么，至少80%的时间是什么让我快乐。他向我保证，很少有完美的工作，每一份工作都有不完美的地方。他还说找到一份自己擅长的工作很重要。）以及第四段I was relieved to finally have helpful and practical advice.（终于有了有用而实用的建议，我松了一口气。）可知，作者认为导师的建议是有用的。所以答案为D。
（3）推理判断题。由第四段I was good at teaching，as evidenced by my friends before and favorable reviews when I was a teaching assistant，but I didn't like repeating the same content every year.（我很擅长教学，这是我以前的朋友和我做助教时的好评证明，但我不喜欢每年都重复同样的内容。）可知作者对教学不感兴趣。所以答案为C。
（4）推理判断题。通读全文尤其是最后一段To test the waters，during my "spare time" I started a blog about the history of scientific discoveries.I found that I loved the freedom to choose what to write about.As for whether I was any good at it，the signs were promising.My writing got noticed，eventually by people at my institution，and I was given chances to write press releases and stories for the university's news office.After 3 years of writing，I was offered a position as a science writer.It was nothing like my childhood dream.But I was happy—more than 80% of the time.（为了试水，我在"业余时间"开了一个关于科学发现历史的博客。我发现我喜欢选择写作内容的自由。至于我是否擅长这项工作，种种迹象表明我很有希望。我的写作得到了注意，最终得到了我所在机构的人的注意，我有机会为大学的新闻办公室撰写新闻稿和故事。写了3年之后，我得到了一个科普作家的职位。这一点也不像我儿时的梦想。但我很快乐---80%以上的时间都很快乐.）可知，作者不断尝试不同的职业，并根据导师的建议不断进行调整，最终找到了适合自己的职业。由此可推知，作者是一个积极且会变通的人。所以答案为A。
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者对自己的事业方向感到迷茫和困惑，在导师的建议下，作者开始寻找自己擅长什么，以及至少80%的时间可以让自己快乐的事情。
阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料；其次细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。
8~11.【答案】D、C、D、A
【解析】（1）细节理解题。由第一段A series of fast-moving global trends，motivated by trillion-pound investments（投资），indicates that humanity might be able to avoid the worst influences of global warming.（在数万亿英镑投资的推动下，一系列快速变化的全球趋势表明，人类或许能够避免全球变暖带来的最坏影响。）可知大量资金被用于阻止全球变暖带来的恶劣影响。所以答案为D。
（2）推理判断题。由第三段However，just in the last year，a potential solution has burst on to the market：plant-based meat，which has a tiny environmental footprint.（然而，就在去年，一种潜在的解决方案突然出现在市场上：植物性肉，这种肉对环境的影响很小。）可知，植物肉的发明是一个为保护环境所做的小小举措。由此推知，发明植物肉为了减少温室气体排放量。所以答案为C。
（3）段落大意题。由第五段Perhaps even more telling is that major meat and dairy companies are now piling in with investments，such as the US's biggest meat processor，Tyson，and multinational giants Danone and Nestlé.The Chinese government in 2017 put ﹩ 300 million into Israeli companies producing lab-grown meat，which could also cut emissions.（也许更能说明问题的是，大型肉类和乳制品公司正在大举投资，比如美国最大的肉类加工商泰森食品（Tyson），以及跨国巨头达能（Danone）和Nestlé。2017年，中国政府向生产实验室培育肉类的以色列公司投资3亿美元，这也可以减少排放。）可知，本段主要介绍了美国最大的肉类加工企业和中国政府已加大对新型肉类和奶制品公司的投资，而这些举措都能减少碳排放。由此推知，本段的作用是列举一些致力于减少碳排放的例子。所以答案为D。
（4）文章出处题。由第一段A series of fast-moving global trends，motivated by trillion-pound investments （投资），indicates that humanity might be able to avoid the worst influences of global warming.（在数万亿英镑投资的推动下，一系列快速变化的全球趋势表明，人类或许能够避免全球变暖带来的最坏影响。）可知本文主要介绍为了避免全球变暖带来的最糟糕的影响，人们采取的各种举措。由此推知，在网页的环境部分可以看到这篇文章。所以答案为A。
这是一篇说明文。主要介绍为了避免全球变暖带来的最糟糕的影响，人们采取的各种举措。
阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料；其次细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。
12~15.【答案】B、D、C、A
【解析】（1）细节理解题。由第一段There's nothing better than a walk in the countryside for lifting our spirits.Connecting with nature has been proven to help our mental health.For some，the refreshing thing is to walk through a forest，but as we admire the trees that surround us，it's worth knowing these trees are doing more than just being nice things to look at.（没有什么比在乡间散步更能振奋精神的了。与大自然接触已被证明有助于我们的心理健康。对一些人来说，在森林中漫步是令人耳目一新的事情，但当我们欣赏周围的树木时，值得知道的是，这些树木不仅仅是赏心悦目的东西。）可知与大自然的联系已经被证明有助于我们的心理健康。所以答案为B。
（2）推理判断题。由第三段It's thought that trees talk and share resources right under our feet，using a fungal（真菌的） network.（人们认为，树木就在我们脚下，通过真菌网络交流和分享资源。）可知人们认为树木通过地下的真菌网络交流并共享资源。所以答案为D。
（3）细节理解题。由根据We found that the parent trees would favour those offspring by sending them more nutrients（我们发现，母树会给这些后代提供更多的营养。）可知亲本树木通过给后代输送更多的营养物质来照顾它们。所以答案为C。
（4）标题判断题。文章主要说明了研究人员已经发现证据证明树木实际上很聪明，它们通过真菌网络共享我们脚下的资源，母树还利用这个网络来帮助它们的后代。所以A．Clever Trees.（聪明的树）作为题目最合适。所以答案为A。
本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了研究人员已经发现证据证明树木实际上很聪明，它们通过真菌网络共享我们脚下的资源，母树还利用这个网络来帮助它们的后代。
阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料；其次细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。
16~20.【答案】G、A、E、B、C
【解析】（1）G.推理判断题。根据上文Are you stressed out，scared or worried all the time？Do you avoid going to certain places，seeing friends or doing certain things because of your worries？Do your worries keep you awake at night？你是否一直紧张、害怕或担心？你是否因为担心而避免去某些地方、见朋友或做某些事情？你的忧虑让你晚上睡不着吗？根据下文Anxiety is a normal part of life焦虑是生活中正常的一部分。选项承上启下。故G选项".If you've answered yes，you may be suffering from anxiety.（如果你的回答是肯定的，那么你可能正饱受焦虑的折磨）。"切题。故选G项。
（2）A.推理判断题。根据上文But if it gets out of hand，anxiety can get in the way of you getting on with life and can become a real problem.（但如果它失去控制，焦虑会阻碍你的生活，成为一个真正的问题。）可知上文说明了焦虑是生活中常见的现象，然后举例了生活中一些因为焦虑给人们生活带来的一些麻烦，可推知下文说明控制焦虑的方法：A.If this is the case for you，treatment may be a helpful way for you to get your anxiety under control.（如果你也有焦虑失去控制的情况，治疗可能是一种有效的方法来控制你的焦虑）。故选A。
（3）E.推理判断题。根据上文Anxiety is a normal part of life.（焦虑是生活中正常的一部分。）可推知下文说明日常生活中哪些情况会导致焦虑的发生，故E选项"Some people may feel uneasy if moving to a new place and some may get overly anxious in certain situation.（如果搬到一个新的地方，有些人可能会感到不安，有些人可能会在某些情况下变得过度焦虑。）"能起到承上启下的作用，符合语境。故选E。
（4）B.标题归纳题。结合本段内容If your parents suffer from anxiety，then you are more likely to be anxious too.This is probably partly due to genetics，and partly because of how things are when you're growing up.（如果你的父母患有焦虑症，那么你也更有可能焦虑。这可能部分是由于基因，部分是由于你成长的环境。）可知是在说明焦虑在家庭中发生的情况。所以"B.Being anxious also probably runs in families.（焦虑也可能有家族遗传。）"切题。故选B。
（5）C.推理判断题。根据下文These include talking therapies（疗法）and drugs.（这些包括谈话疗法和药物。）可知是在说明治疗焦虑的方法，包括谈话疗法和药物治疗。故C选项"好消息是有很多治疗焦虑的好方法。"符合语境。故选C。
这是一篇说明文。每个人在某些情况下都会有一定程度的焦虑，短文介绍了焦虑产生的原因和治疗方法。
七选五阅读是完成性阅读，和完形填空很类似，不同的是一个选词，一个选句子。解题时，要注意上下文语境，充分考虑信息词（选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的词），选出最符合语境的句子。
21~35.【答案】B、D、B、C、C、A、A、B、B、D、A、D、B、A、C
【解析】（1）考查形容词及语境理解。A.interesting有趣的；B.positive积极乐观的；C.ridiculous荒唐的；D.special特殊的。句意：他总是心情很好，总是有积极的事情要说。根据上文的"He was always in a good mood"和下文"You can't be a positive person all the time."中的"positive person"可知，他心情总是很好，是一个乐观的人，所以应该是总是会说一些积极乐观的事。B项意为"积极乐观的"，符合语境。故选B。
（2）考查形容词及语境理解。A.embarrassed尴尬的；B.confused困惑的；C.amazed十分惊奇的；D.curious好奇的。句意：看到这种风格的人让我很好奇，我问他："我不明白！你不可能一直都是一个积极的人。你是怎么做到的？"根据下文的"How do you do it？"可知，作者对Jerry发出了疑问，说明Jerry的生活方式使作者感到好奇。D项意为"好奇的"，符合语境。故选D。
（3）考查动词及语境理解。A.obtain获得；B.get理解，明白；C.admire钦佩；D.pay偿还。句意：看到这种风格的人让我很好奇，我问他："我不明白！你不可能一直都是一个积极的人。你是怎么做到的？"根据上文的curious和下文的"How do you do it？"可知，此处表示作者不理解Jerry的生活态度。B项意为"理解"，符合语境。故选B。
（4）考查名词及语境理解。A.chances机会；B.ways方法；C.options选择；D.ideas主意。句意：看到这种风格的人让我很好奇，我问他："我不明白！你不可能一直都是一个积极的人。你是怎么做到的？"根据下文"I can choose to be a ________ or to learn from it."中的"to be"和"to learn"以及or可知，这是两种选择。此处表示每当不好的事情发生时，他都有两种选择。C项意为"选择"，符合语境。故选C。
（5）考查名词及语境理解。A.survivor幸存者；B.rescuer救援人员；C.victim受害者；D.leader领导者。句意：我可以选择成为受害者，也可以从中吸取教训。根据上文中的"something bad happens"和后文Jerry家被抢劫并且受伤可推测出，在遇到不好的事情时，Jerry可以选择成为一名受害者或是从中学习。C项意为"受害者，牺牲品"，符合语境。故选C。
（6）考查形容词及语境理解。A.latter后面的；B.former前者的；C.best最好的；D.latest最近的。句意：我选择后者。根据前文可知，Jerry是一个非常积极乐观的人，因此他做出的选择也应该是积极向上的。很显然"to learn from it"是乐观向上的选择，Jerry会选择后面一个。A项意为"后面的"，符合语境。故选A。
（7）考查动词及语境理解。A.protested反对，抗议；B.declared声明；C.approved支持；D.assumed假设。句意："是的，没错，但没那么容易，"我抗议道。根据上文中的"Yeah，right，but it's not that easy"的but可知，作者并不是很认可Jerry的观点，所以这里应该是反驳Jerry的话。A项意为"反对，抗议"，符合语境。故选A。
（8）考查动词及语境理解。A.devote致力于；B.react反应；C.contribute捐献；D.attend参加，出席。句意：你可以选择如何应对各种情况。根据上文Jerry提到面对不好的事情发生时，他会有两种选择可知，此处讲的是面对各种各样的情况你会做出什么样的反应。B项意为"回应"，符合语境。故选B。
（9）考查动词及语境理解。A.check检查；B.affect影响；C.reply回复；D.explain解释。句意：你可以选择人们会如何影响你的情绪。根据上文"Life is all about choices."和下文"It's your choice how you live life."可知，此处讲的是你的选择也会导致人们如何影响你的情绪和生活。B项意为"影响"，符合语境。故选B。
（10）考查动词及语境理解。A.beat击败；B.arrested逮捕；C.followed跟随；D.shot射伤。句意：抢劫犯开枪打中了他。根据上文中的"Jerry's home was held up by three armed robbers.（杰瑞的家被三个持枪的劫匪抢劫了。）"及下文中的"Luckily，Jerry was rushed to the local hospital.（幸运的是，杰瑞被紧急送往当地医院。）"和"Bullets（子弹）"可推测出，抢劫犯开枪射伤了Jerry。D项意为"射伤"，符合语境。故选D。
（11）考查名词及语境理解。A.robbery抢劫，盗窃；B.killing谋杀；C.accident意外遭遇；D.mistake错误。句意：当他康复后，我问他，当抢劫发生时，他脑子里想的是什么。根据上文中的"Jerry's home was held up by three armed robbers.（杰瑞的家被三个持枪的劫匪抢劫了。）"可知，此处表示作者询问的是，当被抢劫时，Jerry在想什么。A项意为"抢劫"，符合语境。故选A。
（12）考查连词及语境理解。A.and和；B.so因此；C.but但是；D.or或者。句意：当我躺在地板上时，我有两个选择：我可以选择生存，也可以选择死亡。根据空格前的to live和空格后的to die可知，当Jerry躺在地上时，他有两个选择：选择活下去或者死亡，但是他只能选其中的一个，所以此处用"或者"符合逻辑。D项意为"或者"，符合语境。故选D。
（13）考查形容词及语境理解。A.uncomfortable不舒服的；B.allergic过敏的；C.random随机的；D.close亲近的。句意：护士问我有没有对什么东西过敏。根据常识可知，在病人进行救治或使用药物前，医生都会问病人是否对什么药物过敏，所以此处护士应该是询问Jerry是否对什么（药物）过敏。B项意为"过敏的"，符合语境。故选B。
（14）考查名词及语境理解。A.laughter笑声；B.cry呼喊；C.burst爆裂；D.anger愤怒。句意：在他们的笑声中，我告诉他们，"我选择活着。给我做手术。"根据上文"I took a deep breath and yelled， 'Bullets（子弹）'!"可知，当护士问Jerry有没有过敏的药物时，Jerry的回答却是"子弹"，这体现了Jerry的幽默，所以听到Jerry的话后，护士们会放声大笑。A项意为"笑，笑声"，符合语境。故选A。
（15）考查名词及语境理解。A.Hope希望；B.Belief信仰；C.Attitude态度；D.Dream梦想。句意：毕竟，态度决定一切。根据Jerry被劫匪击中，但是在医院却积极乐观接受治疗这件事可知，Jerry面对生活的态度是积极乐观的。结合后文"I learned from him that every day we have the choice to live fully.（我从他那里学到，我们每天都可以选择充实地生活。）"可知，作者从Jerry身上学到的应该是他对待生活的态度，所以感悟到：态度决定一切。C项意为"态度"，符合语境。故选C。
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的朋友Jerry是一个非常乐观的人，即使在遇到十分凶险的情况时也依然保持着积极乐观的心态，这种处事态度深深感染了作者，也要作者受到启发。
做完形填空题之前，必须先浏览全文，了解短文的大意，这是非常重要的一个步骤。通过短文所提供的信息，借助语感及相关知识的推断，可以从整体上把握短文的轮廓。在通读全文，了解大意的基础上，便可着手答题。根据习惯用法、固定搭配，并从上下文中找关键性暗示，注意前后对照，逐句精读，逐题分析选项。所有的答案选出之后，应再次通读全文，对所选的答案进行核实调整。
36.【答案】【小题1】likes
【小题2】how
【小题3】embarrassed
【小题4】As
【小题5】losing
【小题6】ourselves
【小题7】happiness
【小题8】definitely
【小题9】in
【小题10】are respected
【解析】（1）likes.考查主谓一致。句意：没有人喜欢失败，但我们必须接受失败是生活的一部分。结合句意可知，此处在讲述一般事实，句子用一般现在时，主语为nobody，谓语动词用三单形式，故填likes。
（2）how.考查特殊疑问词加不定式的结构。句意：但首先我们必须知道如何成为一个好的失败者。how to do表示"如何做某事"符合句意，故填how。
（3）embarrassed.考查形容词。句意：因此，我们不必感到尴尬。分析句子可知，此处作表语，表示"感到尴尬的"，故用形容词embarrassed，故填embarrassed。
（4）As.考查定语从句。句意：众所周知，熟能生巧。as is known to all表示"众所周知"，其中as引导非限制性定语从句，修饰后面一句话，置于句首，首字母大写，故填As。
（5）losing.考查动名词。句意：如果我们通过给自己制造挑战来练习失败，我们将永远不会害怕失败。practise doing表示"练习做某事"符合句意，故填losing。
（6）ourselves.考查反身代词。句意：如果我们通过给自己制造挑战来练习失败，我们将永远不会害怕失败。结合句意可知，此处表示"给自己制造挑战"，故用反身代词，故填ourselves。
（7）happiness.考查名词。句意：如果我们向获胜者表示祝贺，分享他或她的快乐，我们的失望肯定会消失。分析句子可知，此处作介词in的宾语，故用名词作宾语，故填happiness。
（8）definitely.考查副词。句意：如果我们向获胜者表示祝贺，分享他或她的快乐，我们的失望肯定会消失。分析句子可知，此处用副词修饰动词go，故填definitely。
（9）in.考查介词。句意：总之，做一个好的失败者将帮助我们在生活中取得成功。all in all表示"总之"符合句意，故填in。
（10）are respected.考查动词时态及语态。好的失败者受到尊重和钦佩，最重要的是，他们最终会赢。结合句意可知，此处在讲述客观事实，句子用一般现在时，主语Good losers与respect之间是被动关系，且主语为复数形式，故填are respected。
本文为说明文，主要讲述接受失败是生活中的一部分。
解答此类题目应先浏览全文，概括大意，再根据句子间的提示以及括号内的汉语提示或首字母提示，依据语法规则和行为逻辑来推测并填写合适的词语。
37.【答案】【小题1】Dear Judy ，
I'm delighted to hear from you，but sorry to have learned you aren't feeling well these days．In your letter you asked me how to stay healthy．Here is my advice．（对Judy表示关切）
Firstly，you'd better keep a balanced diet．It can be beneficial to avoid eating food high in fat or with too much sugar．Instead，have more fresh vegetables and fruits．Secondly，taking exercise every day helps a lot to build up a strong body．As is known，regular exercise，such as jogging，is an essential approach to keeping fit．【高分句型一】Finally，I wonder if you always stay up late at night．If so，please get rid of this habit，for never will we be healthy without enough sleep．【高分句型二】（提出合理建议）
All these count a lot for keeping your body at a proper weight and staying healthy．I truly hope you will find my advice helpful and get well soon．（期望Judy的不适状况早日好转）
Yours，
Li Hua
【小题2】略
【小题3】略
【解析】高分句型一：As is known，regular exercise，such as jogging，is an essential approach to keeping fit．
译文：众所周知，有规律的运动，如慢跑，是保持身体健康的重要途径。
分析：这句话使用as引导非限制性定语从句。
高分句型二：If so，please get rid of this habit，for never will we be healthy without enough sleep．
译文：如果是的话，请改掉这个习惯，因为没有足够的睡眠我们永远不会健康。
分析：这句话使用if引导的省略的时间状语从句，for后面使用了never位于句首的部分倒装句。
提纲作文在写作时要注意内容是否包含了所有要点。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次，平时需注意积累短语和重要句型。
38.【答案】Paragraph 1：
Ella spotted her teacher，Miss Miller，near the door，calling her into the classroom.Ella stood still，wondering what to do. 【高分句型一】She put her hands behind her and tried to pull up her clothes.Ella shook her head violently，blushing with embarrassment.Her first fashion creation failed!Now，all the children are in the building.Ella took a hand from her clothes and waved Miss Miller to her.Miss Miller sensed Ella's uneasiness and began to walk towards her.（描写Ella不知所措，看到Miller小姐后向她求助）
Paragraph 2：
"What's wrong，Ella？" Miss Miller asked when she reached Ella. "My clothes.The back split. " Ella murmured，feeling very ashamed.Miss Miller looked at the back of Ella's skirt and found the hole.She immediately told Ella not to move，and brought a needle and thread.Before long，it turned into a beautiful skirt.The uneasiness was replaced by excitement，and Ella jumped up and down，spinning again and again.Although this is not a perfect day，Ella has not stopped her efforts to become a famous fashion designer.【高分句型二】（描写Miller小姐发现Ella的裙子被撕破后帮助Ella把裙子缝补好）
【解析】本文讲述了Ella早上穿着自己做的第一件衣服询问父母的意见，听到父母的夸赞后Ella非常开心，学校里的孩子们也对她的裙子评价很高，Ella觉得这一天过得很美好，在最后一个课间休息时，她坐在秋千上想象着以后自己会有自己的时装品牌，当上课铃响起Ella从秋千上跳下来时听到一声巨响，裙子被撕破了。
高分句型一：Ella stood still，wondering what to do.
翻译：埃拉站在那里，不知道该怎么办。
分析：运用了现在分词作伴随状语。
高分句型二：Although this is not a perfect day，Ella has not stopped her efforts to become a famous fashion designer.
翻译：虽然这不是一个完美的日子，但埃拉并没有停止她成为著名时装设计师的努力。
分析：运用了although引导的让步状语从句。
解题方法点拨
（1）品读原文，确定文章线索
每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章的写作线索。如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等这样有利于考生"顺藤摸瓜（结尾）"。
（2）仔细审题，明确续写要求
一般短文后面的"注意"都有对此次短文续写的具体要求，如词数限制使用几处标有下划线的关键词语。续写段落的首句提示，这样考生可以做到"心中有数"。
（3）回扣原文，揣摩续写思路
根据文章后面的要求，再次快速阅读短文，抓住文章的思路结合段首的提示语最终确定续写段落的思路。同时结合文章画线词语提示，确定续写段落的内容。
（4）拟写草稿，修改错词病句
在确定了思路和内容之后，最关键的就是结合提示语或者文中画线的关键词拟写草稿。拟写时，注意句子结构的多样性，语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。
2022-2023学年河南省洛阳市孟津第一高级中学高一（上）期末英语试卷（B卷）
A
Great Barrier Reef （礁）
Marine Conservation Volunteer Program — Cairns
Are you looking for meaningful travel opportunities that put the focus on the protection of easily-damaged ecosystems and threatened marine species？This project is well suited to volunteers who want to help with the reef species monitoring，sea turtle recovery and weekly beach plastic removal.
Volunteers must be at least 18 years old，unless volunteering with a friend or family member who is 18 or older.You aren't required to have any specialized experience，as you'll receive comprehensive training to prepare for carrying out research-based activities at sea.Please note that you need to be able to float and swim at least 50 meters.Please be sure to rate your swimming ability when you apply to volunteer in Australia.All volunteers will be tested upon arrival to the program.
Volunteer schedule
First Day：On your first day of volunteering，you will be accompanied to your project by our local staff.Volunteers typically work in morning and afternoon shifts （换班） that last around 3 to 5 hours each.
Weekdays：A typical volunteer day is as follows：
7：30 AM Breakfast at the volunteer accommodation.
8：00 AM Volunteers leave home and travel to their project.
8：30 AM-1：00 PM Volunteer work and a lunch break.
1：00 PM-3：30 PM Volunteer work.
6：30 PM Dinner at the volunteer accommodation.
Please note this schedule will vary depending on the needs of your particular project.To ensure the safety of our volunteers and respect of others in the volunteer apartment，a curfew （宵禁） of 11：00 PM has been put in place from Sunday to Thursday and a 2：00 AM curfew for Friday and Saturday.
1. What can you do in this project？ ______
A. Do daily beach clean-ups.
B. Count the number of reefs.
C. Do research on ecosystems.
D. Help improve turtles' population.
2. Which of the following is the requirement of the program？ ______
A. Previous training experience.
B. Adequate professional knowledge.
C. Basic swimming ability in the ocean.
D. Participation with a family member.
3. What do we know about the volunteer schedule？ ______
A. You don't need to work all day long.
B. You have to follow the fixed schedule.
C. You take all meals at the accommodation.
D. You are guided by the local staff every day.
B
I walked into my adviser's office，filled up with disappointment and confusion.The recent career workshop where I was given advice about following my dream didn't work for me again.
To become a professor of biology had been my dream for 22 years.However，after about 4 years in a program，I decided I did not want to go after a career in research after all.I began to attend career workshops，hoping they would have the magical answers I needed，but without success.
Finally，I went to my adviser.After listening to my declaim，he calmly told me that instead of focusing on finding a dream job，I should think about what I was good at and what made me happy at least 80% of the time.He assured me there was seldom a perfect job and every job had its ugly bits.He also said it was important to find a job I was good at.
I was relieved to finally have helpful and practical advice.But I discovered that finding common ground between what I liked and what I was good at was not easy.I loved diving，but the physical demands were challenging.I was good at teaching，as evidenced by my friends before and favorable reviews when I was a teaching assistant，but I didn't like repeating the same content every year.Through my teaching experience，however，I also learned that I loved telling stories about science.Maybe science communication would offer what I was looking for.
To test the waters，during my "spare time" I started a blog about the history of scientific discoveries.I found that I loved the freedom to choose what to write about.As for whether I was any good at it，the signs were promising.My writing got noticed，eventually by people at my institution，and I was given chances to write press releases and stories for the university's news office.After 3 years of writing，I was offered a position as a science writer.It was nothing like my childhood dream.But I was happy—more than 80% of the time.
4. Why was the author disappointed and confused？ ______
A. His life-long dream to be a professor didn't come true.
B. The advice he received from the workshop had no use.
C. He didn't learn the magic from the workshop successfully.
D. The program he did wasted him four years of time.
5. What did the author think of the adviser's suggestion？ ______
A. It was temporarily useful. B. It sounded quite average.
C. It seemed challenging. D. It was of use to practice.
6. What can we infer about the author from the fourth paragraph？ ______
A. He didn't like biology.
B. He didn't have a strong body.
C. He had no interest in teaching.
D. He had good communication skills.
7. What kind of person is the author？ ______
A. Active and flexible. B. Focused and humorous.
C. Determined and easy-going. D. Hard-working and independent.
C
A series of fast-moving global trends，motivated by trillion-pound investments （投资），indicates that humanity might be able to avoid the worst influences of global warming.From renewable energy to mass-market electric cars，to plant-based alternatives to meat，these trends show that greenhouse gas emissions （排放） can be stopped.
No one is saying the battle to prevent catastrophic climate change — floods，droughts，famine — has been won. "The important thing is to recognize that we're seriously challenged，" says Christina Figueres，former UN Climate Chief. "At the same time，the fact is we're already seeing many positive trends."
The world's appetite for meat and dairy foods is rising as people's incomes rise，but unless this is entirely changed，there's no way to beat global warming.The task looks discouraging — people hate being told what to eat.However，just in the last year，a potential solution has burst on to the market：plant-based meat，which has a tiny environmental footprint.
A food that looks and tastes just as good as meat or dairy products but is made from plants — has attracted heavy investment.It is particularly obvious in the US，where Bill Gates has backed two plant-based burger （汉堡） companies.
Perhaps even more telling is that major meat and dairy companies are now piling in with investments，such as the US's biggest meat processor，Tyson，and multinational giants Danone and Nestlé.The Chinese government in 2017 put ﹩ 300 million into Israeli companies producing lab-grown meat，which could also cut emissions.
Will these trends move fast enough to avoid the worst of climate change？The LSE's Nicholas Stern is cautiously optimistic，saying that what has changed in recent years is the realization that green economic growth is the only long-term option.
8. According to Paragraph 1，a large amount of money is used to ______ .
A. develop the economy of the world
B. promote the sales of electric cars
C. raise awareness of environmental protection
D. stop the bad influence of global warming
9. What is the main purpose of the invention of plant-based meat？ ______
A. To change the eating habit of humans.
B. To meet the increasing demand of meat.
C. To reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
D. To solve food shortage of the world.
10. What is the function of Paragraph 5 in this text？ ______
A. To explain the background. B. To introduce the topic.
C. To summarize the text. D. To list some examples.
11. In which part of a website can the text be found？ ______
A. Environment. B. Society. C. Technology. D. Education.
D
There's nothing better than a walk in the countryside for lifting our spirits.Connecting with nature has been proven to help our mental health.For some，the refreshing thing is to walk through a forest，but as we admire the trees that surround us，it's worth knowing these trees are doing more than just being nice things to look at.
We're already aware of the benefits of trees—they produce oxygen and clean the air we breathe by absorbing about a quarter of all human-caused carbon dioxide emissions（排放）.But there's more to these impressive forms of vegetation than we might think.Researchers have discovered evidence that proves they are actually intelligent.
It's thought that trees talk and share resources right under our feet，using a fungal（真菌的） network.Under the ground are tree roots，and mixed among them，are thousands of superfine threads of fungi.And research has shown that they are all interconnected.They can help each other by sharing nutrients，and they can even warn of approaching threats.Scientists say it's like the trees are talking to one another.
Ecologist Suzanne Simard has called this network the Wood Wide Web.She discovered that parent trees use this network to help their offspring（后代）.She said， "We found that the parent trees would favour those offspring by sending them more nutrients." She also found that trees are smart enough to change their behaviour and have managed to adapt and survive in a changing environment.
So it seems trees really are the stars of our natural world，and with around a huge number of them on our planet，it's time to show them some respect if we want them to grow healthily.
12. What's the benefit of being surrounded by trees？ ______
A. Increasing our intelligence. B. Improving our mental health.
C. Lowering the risk of diseases. D. Developing our taste for beauty.
13. How do trees talk to each other？ ______
A. By changing their behavior.
B. By changing their environment.
C. By waving to each other with their leaves.
D. By using threads of fungi under the ground.
14. What's the possible way for parent trees to help their offspring survive？ ______
A. They interconnect all the trees.
B. They choose the smartest offspring.
C. They send their offspring more nutrients.
D. They warn their offspring of approaching threats.
15. What's the best title of the text？ ______
A. Clever Trees. B. The Functions of Trees.
C. Natural Selection. D. Environmental Protection.
Are you stressed out，scared or worried all the time？Do you avoid going to certain places，seeing friends or doing certain things because of your worries？Do your worries keep you awake at night？ (1)
Anxiety is a normal and necessary part of life.Anxiety is your brain's way of telling you about danger.It is anxiety that helps you jump out of the way if a car is speeding towards you.But if it gets out of hand，anxiety can get in the way of you getting on with life and can become a real problem. (2)
Anxiety is a normal part of life. (3) There are lots of reasons for this.One main reason is after stressful thing which has happened in your life .So if you are involved in a car crash，it's quite likely that you will be more worried than other people around cars and driving.
(4) If your parents suffer from anxiety，then you are more likely to be anxious too.This is probably partly due to genetics，and partly because of how things are when you're growing up.
Even though people don't talk about it much，anxiety is one of the most common mental health problems.About 1 in 4 people will have an anxiety problem at some time in their life.
If you have an anxiety problem，it's hard for other people to understand why something that doesn't worry them，like being in a crowd of people，can be so scary for you.This can make you feel separated and lonely，as way become worse and worse.
(5) These include talking therapies（疗法）and drugs.
A.If this is the case for you，treatment may be a helpful way for you to get your anxiety under control.
B.Being anxious also probably runs in families.
C.The good news is there are lots of excellent treatments available for anxiety.
D.Almost everybody has a certain degree of anxiety in certain situations.
E.Some people may feel uneasy if moving to a new place and some may get overly anxious in certain situation.
F.Those suffering from anxiety need others' understanding badly.
G.If you've answered yes，you may be suffering from anxiety.
16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
Jerry was the kind of guy you love to hate.He was always in a good mood and always had something(21)to say.
Seeing this style made me(22)，I asked him， "I don't(23)it!You can't be a positive person all the time.How do you do it？"
Jerry replied， "Each time something bad happens，I have two(24).I can choose to be a(25)or to learn from it.I choose the(26)."
"Yeah，right，but it's not that easy，" I(27).
"Yes，it is，" Jerry said. "Life is all about choices.You choose how you(28)to situations.You choose how people will(29)your mood.It's your choice how you live life."
Several years later，I heard that Jerry's home was held up by three armed robbers.The robbers(30)him.
Luckily，Jerry was rushed to the local hospital.After 18 hours of surgery and weeks of good care，Jerry was released.When he recovered，I asked him what had existed in his mind as the(31)took place.
Jerry replied， "As I lay on the floor，I had two choices：I could choose to live， (32)to die.I chose to live.A nurse asked if I was(33)to anything.I took a deep breath and yelled， 'Bullets（子弹）'!Over their(34)，I told them， 'I am choosing to live.Operate on me'."
I learned from him that every day we have the choice to live fully. (35)，after all，is everything.
21. A. interesting B. positive C. ridiculous D. special
22. A. embarrassed B. confused C. amazed D. curious
23. A. obtain B. get C. admire D. pay
24. A. chances B. ways C. options D. ideas
25. A. survivor B. rescuer C. victim D. leader
26. A. latter B. former C. best D. latest
27. A. protested B. declared C. approved D. assumed
28. A. devote B. react C. contribute D. attend
29. A. check B. affect C. reply D. explain
30. A. beat B. arrested C. followed D. shot
31. A. robbery B. killing C. accident D. mistake
32. A. and B. so C. but D. or
33. A. uncomfortable B. allergic C. random D. close
34. A. laughter B. cry C. burst D. anger
35. A. Hope B. Belief C. Attitude D. Dream
36. Nobody (1) （like） to lose，but we must accept that losing is part of life.After all，we can't win all the time.Although losing is unpleasant，it can be a positive thing.We can learn from every failure，which may help us succeed in the future.But first we must know (2) to be a good loser.
For one thing，we should take a positive attitude towards it.We can begin by realizing that losing is sometimes unavoidable.Therefore，we don't need to be (3) （embarrass）.We must correct our mistakes and try again. (4) is known to all，practice makes perfect.If we practise (5) （lose） by creating challenges for (6) （we），we will never be afraid of failure.For another，we should be polite when we lose.If we offer our congratulations to the winner and share in his or her (7) （happy），our disappointment will (8) （definite） go away.
All (9) all，being a good loser will help us to succeed in life.It might be painful at first，but there are many benefits.Good losers (10) （respect） and admired and，most importantly，they win in the end.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
37. 假如你是李华，你的英国朋友 Judy 最近总是感觉身体不适，来信询问你如何保持身体健康。请你根据以下要点，鼓励她改善身体现状。要点包括：1.表示安慰；2.提出建议；3.表达祝愿。
注意：1.写作词数应为 80 左右；2.开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数；
Dear Judy，
______________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
(1)
(2)
(3)
38. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
Ella walked into the kitchen and twirled.She was wearing a new dress and felt like a famous model.Even better，it was a dress she made!Her very first piece of fashion! "What do you think？" she asked her family.They all gathered at the kitchen table for an early school breakfast.The scent of French Toast hung in the air and made Ella's stomach grumble.
"Is that the secret dress you've been working on？" Mom asked.
"Yes!This is it!Don't you love it？" Ella twirled again.
"It's very pretty，Ella.I can't believe you designed and sewed that all by yourself!"
"I'm so proud of you!How long did that take？" Dad said as he reached across the table for the syrup（糖浆） bottle.
Ella pulled out her chair and sat down. "Two weeks!But I think I could make the next one faster."
"Nice job，Ella!I can't believe you can sew like that!You're only eight years old!" Mom praised.
Ella smiled as she poured some syrup over the pancake on her plate.It was going to be a perfect day.
The kids at school were excited about her dress，and she got some nice comments from some girls，so she was happy about that.The day went by quickly，and before she knew it，she was outside for the last class break of the day.What a perfect day!She thought to herself as she swung on the swings.Ella leaned back in the swing and looked up at the blue sky full of white wispy clouds.She smiled.This would be the first dress of many that she would make.Some day she would have her very own fashion line with all kinds of clothes.She would be famous one day.
The school bell rang and the break was over.All the kids were moving slowly toward the door to go back inside.Ella sat up straight on the swing and waited for it to stop.When the swing was close to stopping，Ella jumped off.When she landed，she heard a loud rip. "Oh no!" she whispered as she moved her hand to the back of her dress.It was ripped（撕破） all the way down the back!Everyone would laugh at her.This was terrible!
Paragraph 1：
Ella spotted her teacher，Miss Miller，near the door，calling her into the classroom. Paragraph 2：
"What's wrong，Ella？" Miss Miller asked when she reached Ella.
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】D、C、A
【解析】（1）细节理解题。由文章第一段This project is well suited to volunteers who want to help with the reef species monitoring，sea turtle recovery and weekly beach plastic removal.（这个项目非常适合那些想要帮助监测珊瑚礁物种、海龟恢复和每周清理海滩塑料的志愿者。）可知在这个项目中，志愿者可以参与到帮助提高海龟数量的工作中。所以答案为D。
（2）细节理解题。由文章第二段Please note that you need to be able to float and swim at least 50 meters.（请注意，你需要能够漂浮和游泳至少50米。）可知志愿者需要具备在海洋中游泳的基本能力。所以答案为C。
（3）细节理解题。由小标题Volunteer schedule（志愿者计划）下面的段落中Volunteers typically work in morning and afternoon shifts that last around 3 to 5 hours each.（志愿者通常在上午和下午轮班，每次工作大约3到5个小时。）可知，志愿者不需要全天工作。所以答案为A。
这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了招募志愿者的一项目。
阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料；其次细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。
4~7.【答案】B、D、C、A
【解析】（1）推理判断题。由第一段I walked into my adviser's office，filled up with disappointment and confusion.The recent career workshop where I was given advice about following my dream didn't work for me again.（我走进导师的办公室，心中充满失望和困惑。在最近的职业研讨会上，我得到了关于追随梦想的建议，但这次对我还是没有用。）可知，作者感到失望和迷茫是因为从职业座谈会上得到了对他无用的建议。所以答案为B。
（2）观点态度题。由第三段Finally，I went to my adviser.After listening to my declaim，he calmly told me that instead of focusing on finding a dream job，I should think about what I was good at and what made me happy at least 80% of the time.He assured me there was seldom a perfect job and every job had its ugly bits.He also said it was important to find a job I was good at.（最后，我去找我的导师。听了我的豪言，他平静地告诉我，与其专注于找一份理想的工作，不如想想自己擅长什么，至少80%的时间是什么让我快乐。他向我保证，很少有完美的工作，每一份工作都有不完美的地方。他还说找到一份自己擅长的工作很重要。）以及第四段I was relieved to finally have helpful and practical advice.（终于有了有用而实用的建议，我松了一口气。）可知，作者认为导师的建议是有用的。所以答案为D。
（3）推理判断题。由第四段I was good at teaching，as evidenced by my friends before and favorable reviews when I was a teaching assistant，but I didn't like repeating the same content every year.（我很擅长教学，这是我以前的朋友和我做助教时的好评证明，但我不喜欢每年都重复同样的内容。）可知作者对教学不感兴趣。所以答案为C。
（4）推理判断题。通读全文尤其是最后一段To test the waters，during my "spare time" I started a blog about the history of scientific discoveries.I found that I loved the freedom to choose what to write about.As for whether I was any good at it，the signs were promising.My writing got noticed，eventually by people at my institution，and I was given chances to write press releases and stories for the university's news office.After 3 years of writing，I was offered a position as a science writer.It was nothing like my childhood dream.But I was happy—more than 80% of the time.（为了试水，我在"业余时间"开了一个关于科学发现历史的博客。我发现我喜欢选择写作内容的自由。至于我是否擅长这项工作，种种迹象表明我很有希望。我的写作得到了注意，最终得到了我所在机构的人的注意，我有机会为大学的新闻办公室撰写新闻稿和故事。写了3年之后，我得到了一个科普作家的职位。这一点也不像我儿时的梦想。但我很快乐---80%以上的时间都很快乐.）可知，作者不断尝试不同的职业，并根据导师的建议不断进行调整，最终找到了适合自己的职业。由此可推知，作者是一个积极且会变通的人。所以答案为A。
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者对自己的事业方向感到迷茫和困惑，在导师的建议下，作者开始寻找自己擅长什么，以及至少80%的时间可以让自己快乐的事情。
阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料；其次细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。
8~11.【答案】D、C、D、A
【解析】（1）细节理解题。由第一段A series of fast-moving global trends，motivated by trillion-pound investments（投资），indicates that humanity might be able to avoid the worst influences of global warming.（在数万亿英镑投资的推动下，一系列快速变化的全球趋势表明，人类或许能够避免全球变暖带来的最坏影响。）可知大量资金被用于阻止全球变暖带来的恶劣影响。所以答案为D。
（2）推理判断题。由第三段However，just in the last year，a potential solution has burst on to the market：plant-based meat，which has a tiny environmental footprint.（然而，就在去年，一种潜在的解决方案突然出现在市场上：植物性肉，这种肉对环境的影响很小。）可知，植物肉的发明是一个为保护环境所做的小小举措。由此推知，发明植物肉为了减少温室气体排放量。所以答案为C。
（3）段落大意题。由第五段Perhaps even more telling is that major meat and dairy companies are now piling in with investments，such as the US's biggest meat processor，Tyson，and multinational giants Danone and Nestlé.The Chinese government in 2017 put ﹩ 300 million into Israeli companies producing lab-grown meat，which could also cut emissions.（也许更能说明问题的是，大型肉类和乳制品公司正在大举投资，比如美国最大的肉类加工商泰森食品（Tyson），以及跨国巨头达能（Danone）和Nestlé。2017年，中国政府向生产实验室培育肉类的以色列公司投资3亿美元，这也可以减少排放。）可知，本段主要介绍了美国最大的肉类加工企业和中国政府已加大对新型肉类和奶制品公司的投资，而这些举措都能减少碳排放。由此推知，本段的作用是列举一些致力于减少碳排放的例子。所以答案为D。
（4）文章出处题。由第一段A series of fast-moving global trends，motivated by trillion-pound investments （投资），indicates that humanity might be able to avoid the worst influences of global warming.（在数万亿英镑投资的推动下，一系列快速变化的全球趋势表明，人类或许能够避免全球变暖带来的最坏影响。）可知本文主要介绍为了避免全球变暖带来的最糟糕的影响，人们采取的各种举措。由此推知，在网页的环境部分可以看到这篇文章。所以答案为A。
这是一篇说明文。主要介绍为了避免全球变暖带来的最糟糕的影响，人们采取的各种举措。
阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料；其次细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。
12~15.【答案】B、D、C、A
【解析】（1）细节理解题。由第一段There's nothing better than a walk in the countryside for lifting our spirits.Connecting with nature has been proven to help our mental health.For some，the refreshing thing is to walk through a forest，but as we admire the trees that surround us，it's worth knowing these trees are doing more than just being nice things to look at.（没有什么比在乡间散步更能振奋精神的了。与大自然接触已被证明有助于我们的心理健康。对一些人来说，在森林中漫步是令人耳目一新的事情，但当我们欣赏周围的树木时，值得知道的是，这些树木不仅仅是赏心悦目的东西。）可知与大自然的联系已经被证明有助于我们的心理健康。所以答案为B。
（2）推理判断题。由第三段It's thought that trees talk and share resources right under our feet，using a fungal（真菌的） network.（人们认为，树木就在我们脚下，通过真菌网络交流和分享资源。）可知人们认为树木通过地下的真菌网络交流并共享资源。所以答案为D。
（3）细节理解题。由根据We found that the parent trees would favour those offspring by sending them more nutrients（我们发现，母树会给这些后代提供更多的营养。）可知亲本树木通过给后代输送更多的营养物质来照顾它们。所以答案为C。
（4）标题判断题。文章主要说明了研究人员已经发现证据证明树木实际上很聪明，它们通过真菌网络共享我们脚下的资源，母树还利用这个网络来帮助它们的后代。所以A．Clever Trees.（聪明的树）作为题目最合适。所以答案为A。
本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了研究人员已经发现证据证明树木实际上很聪明，它们通过真菌网络共享我们脚下的资源，母树还利用这个网络来帮助它们的后代。
阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料；其次细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。
16~20.【答案】G、A、E、B、C
【解析】（1）G.推理判断题。根据上文Are you stressed out，scared or worried all the time？Do you avoid going to certain places，seeing friends or doing certain things because of your worries？Do your worries keep you awake at night？你是否一直紧张、害怕或担心？你是否因为担心而避免去某些地方、见朋友或做某些事情？你的忧虑让你晚上睡不着吗？根据下文Anxiety is a normal part of life焦虑是生活中正常的一部分。选项承上启下。故G选项".If you've answered yes，you may be suffering from anxiety.（如果你的回答是肯定的，那么你可能正饱受焦虑的折磨）。"切题。故选G项。
（2）A.推理判断题。根据上文But if it gets out of hand，anxiety can get in the way of you getting on with life and can become a real problem.（但如果它失去控制，焦虑会阻碍你的生活，成为一个真正的问题。）可知上文说明了焦虑是生活中常见的现象，然后举例了生活中一些因为焦虑给人们生活带来的一些麻烦，可推知下文说明控制焦虑的方法：A.If this is the case for you，treatment may be a helpful way for you to get your anxiety under control.（如果你也有焦虑失去控制的情况，治疗可能是一种有效的方法来控制你的焦虑）。故选A。
（3）E.推理判断题。根据上文Anxiety is a normal part of life.（焦虑是生活中正常的一部分。）可推知下文说明日常生活中哪些情况会导致焦虑的发生，故E选项"Some people may feel uneasy if moving to a new place and some may get overly anxious in certain situation.（如果搬到一个新的地方，有些人可能会感到不安，有些人可能会在某些情况下变得过度焦虑。）"能起到承上启下的作用，符合语境。故选E。
（4）B.标题归纳题。结合本段内容If your parents suffer from anxiety，then you are more likely to be anxious too.This is probably partly due to genetics，and partly because of how things are when you're growing up.（如果你的父母患有焦虑症，那么你也更有可能焦虑。这可能部分是由于基因，部分是由于你成长的环境。）可知是在说明焦虑在家庭中发生的情况。所以"B.Being anxious also probably runs in families.（焦虑也可能有家族遗传。）"切题。故选B。
（5）C.推理判断题。根据下文These include talking therapies（疗法）and drugs.（这些包括谈话疗法和药物。）可知是在说明治疗焦虑的方法，包括谈话疗法和药物治疗。故C选项"好消息是有很多治疗焦虑的好方法。"符合语境。故选C。
这是一篇说明文。每个人在某些情况下都会有一定程度的焦虑，短文介绍了焦虑产生的原因和治疗方法。
七选五阅读是完成性阅读，和完形填空很类似，不同的是一个选词，一个选句子。解题时，要注意上下文语境，充分考虑信息词（选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的词），选出最符合语境的句子。
21~35.【答案】B、D、B、C、C、A、A、B、B、D、A、D、B、A、C
【解析】（1）考查形容词及语境理解。A.interesting有趣的；B.positive积极乐观的；C.ridiculous荒唐的；D.special特殊的。句意：他总是心情很好，总是有积极的事情要说。根据上文的"He was always in a good mood"和下文"You can't be a positive person all the time."中的"positive person"可知，他心情总是很好，是一个乐观的人，所以应该是总是会说一些积极乐观的事。B项意为"积极乐观的"，符合语境。故选B。
（2）考查形容词及语境理解。A.embarrassed尴尬的；B.confused困惑的；C.amazed十分惊奇的；D.curious好奇的。句意：看到这种风格的人让我很好奇，我问他："我不明白！你不可能一直都是一个积极的人。你是怎么做到的？"根据下文的"How do you do it？"可知，作者对Jerry发出了疑问，说明Jerry的生活方式使作者感到好奇。D项意为"好奇的"，符合语境。故选D。
（3）考查动词及语境理解。A.obtain获得；B.get理解，明白；C.admire钦佩；D.pay偿还。句意：看到这种风格的人让我很好奇，我问他："我不明白！你不可能一直都是一个积极的人。你是怎么做到的？"根据上文的curious和下文的"How do you do it？"可知，此处表示作者不理解Jerry的生活态度。B项意为"理解"，符合语境。故选B。
（4）考查名词及语境理解。A.chances机会；B.ways方法；C.options选择；D.ideas主意。句意：看到这种风格的人让我很好奇，我问他："我不明白！你不可能一直都是一个积极的人。你是怎么做到的？"根据下文"I can choose to be a ________ or to learn from it."中的"to be"和"to learn"以及or可知，这是两种选择。此处表示每当不好的事情发生时，他都有两种选择。C项意为"选择"，符合语境。故选C。
（5）考查名词及语境理解。A.survivor幸存者；B.rescuer救援人员；C.victim受害者；D.leader领导者。句意：我可以选择成为受害者，也可以从中吸取教训。根据上文中的"something bad happens"和后文Jerry家被抢劫并且受伤可推测出，在遇到不好的事情时，Jerry可以选择成为一名受害者或是从中学习。C项意为"受害者，牺牲品"，符合语境。故选C。
（6）考查形容词及语境理解。A.latter后面的；B.former前者的；C.best最好的；D.latest最近的。句意：我选择后者。根据前文可知，Jerry是一个非常积极乐观的人，因此他做出的选择也应该是积极向上的。很显然"to learn from it"是乐观向上的选择，Jerry会选择后面一个。A项意为"后面的"，符合语境。故选A。
（7）考查动词及语境理解。A.protested反对，抗议；B.declared声明；C.approved支持；D.assumed假设。句意："是的，没错，但没那么容易，"我抗议道。根据上文中的"Yeah，right，but it's not that easy"的but可知，作者并不是很认可Jerry的观点，所以这里应该是反驳Jerry的话。A项意为"反对，抗议"，符合语境。故选A。
（8）考查动词及语境理解。A.devote致力于；B.react反应；C.contribute捐献；D.attend参加，出席。句意：你可以选择如何应对各种情况。根据上文Jerry提到面对不好的事情发生时，他会有两种选择可知，此处讲的是面对各种各样的情况你会做出什么样的反应。B项意为"回应"，符合语境。故选B。
（9）考查动词及语境理解。A.check检查；B.affect影响；C.reply回复；D.explain解释。句意：你可以选择人们会如何影响你的情绪。根据上文"Life is all about choices."和下文"It's your choice how you live life."可知，此处讲的是你的选择也会导致人们如何影响你的情绪和生活。B项意为"影响"，符合语境。故选B。
（10）考查动词及语境理解。A.beat击败；B.arrested逮捕；C.followed跟随；D.shot射伤。句意：抢劫犯开枪打中了他。根据上文中的"Jerry's home was held up by three armed robbers.（杰瑞的家被三个持枪的劫匪抢劫了。）"及下文中的"Luckily，Jerry was rushed to the local hospital.（幸运的是，杰瑞被紧急送往当地医院。）"和"Bullets（子弹）"可推测出，抢劫犯开枪射伤了Jerry。D项意为"射伤"，符合语境。故选D。
（11）考查名词及语境理解。A.robbery抢劫，盗窃；B.killing谋杀；C.accident意外遭遇；D.mistake错误。句意：当他康复后，我问他，当抢劫发生时，他脑子里想的是什么。根据上文中的"Jerry's home was held up by three armed robbers.（杰瑞的家被三个持枪的劫匪抢劫了。）"可知，此处表示作者询问的是，当被抢劫时，Jerry在想什么。A项意为"抢劫"，符合语境。故选A。
（12）考查连词及语境理解。A.and和；B.so因此；C.but但是；D.or或者。句意：当我躺在地板上时，我有两个选择：我可以选择生存，也可以选择死亡。根据空格前的to live和空格后的to die可知，当Jerry躺在地上时，他有两个选择：选择活下去或者死亡，但是他只能选其中的一个，所以此处用"或者"符合逻辑。D项意为"或者"，符合语境。故选D。
（13）考查形容词及语境理解。A.uncomfortable不舒服的；B.allergic过敏的；C.random随机的；D.close亲近的。句意：护士问我有没有对什么东西过敏。根据常识可知，在病人进行救治或使用药物前，医生都会问病人是否对什么药物过敏，所以此处护士应该是询问Jerry是否对什么（药物）过敏。B项意为"过敏的"，符合语境。故选B。
（14）考查名词及语境理解。A.laughter笑声；B.cry呼喊；C.burst爆裂；D.anger愤怒。句意：在他们的笑声中，我告诉他们，"我选择活着。给我做手术。"根据上文"I took a deep breath and yelled， 'Bullets（子弹）'!"可知，当护士问Jerry有没有过敏的药物时，Jerry的回答却是"子弹"，这体现了Jerry的幽默，所以听到Jerry的话后，护士们会放声大笑。A项意为"笑，笑声"，符合语境。故选A。
（15）考查名词及语境理解。A.Hope希望；B.Belief信仰；C.Attitude态度；D.Dream梦想。句意：毕竟，态度决定一切。根据Jerry被劫匪击中，但是在医院却积极乐观接受治疗这件事可知，Jerry面对生活的态度是积极乐观的。结合后文"I learned from him that every day we have the choice to live fully.（我从他那里学到，我们每天都可以选择充实地生活。）"可知，作者从Jerry身上学到的应该是他对待生活的态度，所以感悟到：态度决定一切。C项意为"态度"，符合语境。故选C。
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的朋友Jerry是一个非常乐观的人，即使在遇到十分凶险的情况时也依然保持着积极乐观的心态，这种处事态度深深感染了作者，也要作者受到启发。
做完形填空题之前，必须先浏览全文，了解短文的大意，这是非常重要的一个步骤。通过短文所提供的信息，借助语感及相关知识的推断，可以从整体上把握短文的轮廓。在通读全文，了解大意的基础上，便可着手答题。根据习惯用法、固定搭配，并从上下文中找关键性暗示，注意前后对照，逐句精读，逐题分析选项。所有的答案选出之后，应再次通读全文，对所选的答案进行核实调整。
36.【答案】【小题1】likes
【小题2】how
【小题3】embarrassed
【小题4】As
【小题5】losing
【小题6】ourselves
【小题7】happiness
【小题8】definitely
【小题9】in
【小题10】are respected
【解析】（1）likes.考查主谓一致。句意：没有人喜欢失败，但我们必须接受失败是生活的一部分。结合句意可知，此处在讲述一般事实，句子用一般现在时，主语为nobody，谓语动词用三单形式，故填likes。
（2）how.考查特殊疑问词加不定式的结构。句意：但首先我们必须知道如何成为一个好的失败者。how to do表示"如何做某事"符合句意，故填how。
（3）embarrassed.考查形容词。句意：因此，我们不必感到尴尬。分析句子可知，此处作表语，表示"感到尴尬的"，故用形容词embarrassed，故填embarrassed。
（4）As.考查定语从句。句意：众所周知，熟能生巧。as is known to all表示"众所周知"，其中as引导非限制性定语从句，修饰后面一句话，置于句首，首字母大写，故填As。
（5）losing.考查动名词。句意：如果我们通过给自己制造挑战来练习失败，我们将永远不会害怕失败。practise doing表示"练习做某事"符合句意，故填losing。
（6）ourselves.考查反身代词。句意：如果我们通过给自己制造挑战来练习失败，我们将永远不会害怕失败。结合句意可知，此处表示"给自己制造挑战"，故用反身代词，故填ourselves。
（7）happiness.考查名词。句意：如果我们向获胜者表示祝贺，分享他或她的快乐，我们的失望肯定会消失。分析句子可知，此处作介词in的宾语，故用名词作宾语，故填happiness。
（8）definitely.考查副词。句意：如果我们向获胜者表示祝贺，分享他或她的快乐，我们的失望肯定会消失。分析句子可知，此处用副词修饰动词go，故填definitely。
（9）in.考查介词。句意：总之，做一个好的失败者将帮助我们在生活中取得成功。all in all表示"总之"符合句意，故填in。
（10）are respected.考查动词时态及语态。好的失败者受到尊重和钦佩，最重要的是，他们最终会赢。结合句意可知，此处在讲述客观事实，句子用一般现在时，主语Good losers与respect之间是被动关系，且主语为复数形式，故填are respected。
本文为说明文，主要讲述接受失败是生活中的一部分。
解答此类题目应先浏览全文，概括大意，再根据句子间的提示以及括号内的汉语提示或首字母提示，依据语法规则和行为逻辑来推测并填写合适的词语。
37.【答案】【小题1】Dear Judy ，
I'm delighted to hear from you，but sorry to have learned you aren't feeling well these days．In your letter you asked me how to stay healthy．Here is my advice．（对Judy表示关切）
Firstly，you'd better keep a balanced diet．It can be beneficial to avoid eating food high in fat or with too much sugar．Instead，have more fresh vegetables and fruits．Secondly，taking exercise every day helps a lot to build up a strong body．As is known，regular exercise，such as jogging，is an essential approach to keeping fit．【高分句型一】Finally，I wonder if you always stay up late at night．If so，please get rid of this habit，for never will we be healthy without enough sleep．【高分句型二】（提出合理建议）
All these count a lot for keeping your body at a proper weight and staying healthy．I truly hope you will find my advice helpful and get well soon．（期望Judy的不适状况早日好转）
Yours，
Li Hua
【小题2】略
【小题3】略
【解析】高分句型一：As is known，regular exercise，such as jogging，is an essential approach to keeping fit．
译文：众所周知，有规律的运动，如慢跑，是保持身体健康的重要途径。
分析：这句话使用as引导非限制性定语从句。
高分句型二：If so，please get rid of this habit，for never will we be healthy without enough sleep．
译文：如果是的话，请改掉这个习惯，因为没有足够的睡眠我们永远不会健康。
分析：这句话使用if引导的省略的时间状语从句，for后面使用了never位于句首的部分倒装句。
提纲作文在写作时要注意内容是否包含了所有要点。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次，平时需注意积累短语和重要句型。
38.【答案】Paragraph 1：
Ella spotted her teacher，Miss Miller，near the door，calling her into the classroom.Ella stood still，wondering what to do. 【高分句型一】She put her hands behind her and tried to pull up her clothes.Ella shook her head violently，blushing with embarrassment.Her first fashion creation failed!Now，all the children are in the building.Ella took a hand from her clothes and waved Miss Miller to her.Miss Miller sensed Ella's uneasiness and began to walk towards her.（描写Ella不知所措，看到Miller小姐后向她求助）
Paragraph 2：
"What's wrong，Ella？" Miss Miller asked when she reached Ella. "My clothes.The back split. " Ella murmured，feeling very ashamed.Miss Miller looked at the back of Ella's skirt and found the hole.She immediately told Ella not to move，and brought a needle and thread.Before long，it turned into a beautiful skirt.The uneasiness was replaced by excitement，and Ella jumped up and down，spinning again and again.Although this is not a perfect day，Ella has not stopped her efforts to become a famous fashion designer.【高分句型二】（描写Miller小姐发现Ella的裙子被撕破后帮助Ella把裙子缝补好）
【解析】本文讲述了Ella早上穿着自己做的第一件衣服询问父母的意见，听到父母的夸赞后Ella非常开心，学校里的孩子们也对她的裙子评价很高，Ella觉得这一天过得很美好，在最后一个课间休息时，她坐在秋千上想象着以后自己会有自己的时装品牌，当上课铃响起Ella从秋千上跳下来时听到一声巨响，裙子被撕破了。
高分句型一：Ella stood still，wondering what to do.
翻译：埃拉站在那里，不知道该怎么办。
分析：运用了现在分词作伴随状语。
高分句型二：Although this is not a perfect day，Ella has not stopped her efforts to become a famous fashion designer.
翻译：虽然这不是一个完美的日子，但埃拉并没有停止她成为著名时装设计师的努力。
分析：运用了although引导的让步状语从句。
解题方法点拨
（1）品读原文，确定文章线索
每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章的写作线索。如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等这样有利于考生"顺藤摸瓜（结尾）"。
（2）仔细审题，明确续写要求
一般短文后面的"注意"都有对此次短文续写的具体要求，如词数限制使用几处标有下划线的关键词语。续写段落的首句提示，这样考生可以做到"心中有数"。
（3）回扣原文，揣摩续写思路
根据文章后面的要求，再次快速阅读短文，抓住文章的思路结合段首的提示语最终确定续写段落的思路。同时结合文章画线词语提示，确定续写段落的内容。
（4）拟写草稿，修改错词病句
在确定了思路和内容之后，最关键的就是结合提示语或者文中画线的关键词拟写草稿。拟写时，注意句子结构的多样性，语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。
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