2023年中考英语新热点时文阅读

这是一份2023年中考英语新热点时文阅读，共11页。
2023年中考英语新热点时文阅读-走近中国历史人物 题型主要内容1短文选词填空讲述了诸葛亮“草船借箭”的故事。2完形填空介绍了中国历史上伟大的教育家孔子的生平、他的教育理念、他对中国教育所做的贡献及人们对他的评价。3完形填空俞伯牙和钟子期知音难求的感人故事。4阅读理解介绍了王维和他的诗《送元二使安西》。5阅读理解讲述了李时珍的人生故事。 01（2022·辽宁锦州·中考真题）根据短文内容，用方框中所给词的正确形式填空，使短文完整、正确，并将答案写在答题卡的相应位置（每个词只能用一次）。fill, through, possible, turned, much, drum, hear, three, these, othersThis is a story about two wise men — Zhuge Liang and Zhou Yu. The Chinese people have been telling the story for many years.One day, Zhou Yu gave Zhuge Liang an ____1____ task. He asked him to make 100,000 arrows (箭) in ten days. “No problem,” Zhuge Liang said at once. “I’ll bring you 100,000 arrows in ____2____ days.”Zhuge Liang asked his soldiers (士兵) to ____3____ 20 large boats with many straw (稻草) men. On the early morning of the third day, he also asked the soldiers to sail (航行) the boats to the camps of Cao Cao’s army on the ____4____ side of the river. The soldiers shouted and beat their drums loudly.When Cao Cao’s soldiers ____5____ the sounds, they thought they were under attack (攻击). However, they could not see enemies ____6____ the thick fog (雾) on the river. Cao Cao ordered his soldiers to shoot arrows towards the sounds of the ____7____ and the shouting. Zhuge Liang’s boats were soon full of arrows.Zhuge Liang’s soldiers then ____8____ the boats around and shouted, “Thank you for your arrows, Cao Cao.” Zhuge Liang took all ____9____ arrows to Zhou Yu. He finished the task successfully. There were ____10____ than 100,000 of them. It is the story of Borrow Arrows with Straw Boats.02（2022·内蒙古鄂尔多斯·二模）Who is the greatest teacher in Chinese history? You may think of Confucius (孔子), September 28 was his birthday. Although he lived over 2,000 years ___11___, people today still remember and respect him.Confucius lived in the Kingdom of Lu during the Spring and Autumn Period. He had a ___12___ childhood. His father died when he was only 3, so he had to ___13___ to help his mother, but young Confucius never ____14____ studying. He visited many famous teachers and learned music, history, poetry and sports.Later, he became a teacher and started the first public school in China. At that time only children from ___15___ families could go to school, but Confucius believed everyone ___16___ go to school if they wanted to learn. He had about 3,000 students in his lifetime.Today, people still ____17____ Confucius’ lessons. He told us that we all have something worthy (值得) to be learned. “When I am with three people, one of them must be better than me in some ___18___. I choose their good qualities and follow them.” He also taught us that ___19___ is very important in study. “All study but no thinking makes people puzzled (困惑的). All thinking but no study makes people lazy.”Confucius is not only a great teacher, but also a famous thinker with wise thoughts about the world and society. His most important teachings are about ____20____ and good manners. “A person should be strict with himself, but be kind to others.” he said.11．A．before B．ago C．after D．later12．A．hard B．happy C．simple D．pleasant13．A．study B．write C．sing D．work14．A．gave in B．gave away C．gave up D．gave out15．A．rich B．poor C．big D．small16．A．could B．might C．must D．should17．A．realize B．influence C．study D．listen18．A．subjects B．periods C．areas D．places19．A．thinking B．reading C．teaching D．learning20．A．happiness B．kindness C．strictness D．safeness03（2022·四川·眉山天府新区兴盛学校一模）Have you ever heard of the story about Yu Boya and Zhong Ziqi? Their friendship is a typical ____21____ of the ideal（理想的）Chinese friendship. Here is the story.During the Spring and Autumn Period, there lived a great musician named Yu Boya. He played the musical instrument guqin very well. Unluckily, few people could ____22____ his music.One day, Boya went traveling by boat. On his way, he met with a big ____23____ and stopped the boat by the riverside. When the rain stopped, seeing the beautiful scenery（景色）, he was very ____24____. So he took out his guqin and began to play. As he was throwing himself into playing music, he suddenly noticed that ____25____ was listening to him by the riverside. Boya came out the of the boat and saw a person enjoying his music. That person was Zhong Ziqi. Boya ____26____ him to his boat and played for him. He played one tune（曲子）that described the high mountain and another that described the running water. Zhong understood both of them and admired Boya for his musical ____27____. Boya was very excited, and said, “Dear friend! Only you can understand my music!”They ____28____ that they would meet again in the same place the next year. The following year, Boya arrived on time, ____29____ he didn’t see Zhong. Later, he learned that Zhong had died of an illness. Boya was so sad that he broke his guqin and decided ____30____ to play it again.Later, the term “zhiyin” began to be used to describe a very close friend.21．A．rule B．part C．example D．character22．A．forget B．believe C．realize D．understand23．A．rain B．boat C．instrument D．fish24．A．bored B．excited C．proud D．sad25．A．somebody B．everybody C．anybody D．nobody26．A．sent B．invited C．refused D．threw27．A．rule B．talent C．journey D．score28．A．agreed B．doubted C．minded D．wondered29．A．if B．so C．but D．because30．A．only B．just C．once D．never04（2022·江苏·盐城市盐都区实验初中一模）A Farewell SongWang Wei ①No dust is raised on the road wet with morning    ▲   ②The willows by the hotel look so fresh and green.③I invite you to drink a cup of wine again.④West of the sunny pass no more friends will be seen.(Translated by Xu Yuanchong)With the temperature rising, spring is a good time to go out and travel far away. Tang Dynasty poet Wang Wei bid farewell to his friend in this season. The poem A Farewell Song describes his experience.On a spring morning, Wang has to say goodbye to his friend—Yuan Er who would leave for a faraway place called Anxi, in today’s Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region. Wang hopes that his friend Yuan will safely return from Anxi, although he knows that they might not see each other again. Even with this knowledge, the poet is not willing to show much sorrow or sadness for Yuan’s departure(离开). Instead, he wants to take the time to treasure their friendship and invites Yuan to drink a cup of wine. In the poem, Wang uses the skill of exchanging roles. On the surface, the poet says goodbye to his friend. But the fact is that the two likely have no chance to see each other again. So it is that Yuan says goodbye to the poet as well.Wang Wei is considered one of the greatest poets of the Tang Dynasty, along with Du Fu and Li Bai. Of the three, Wang Wei was the only one who had a successful career in the bureaucracy(官场). When he was free, he spent much time in the countryside thinking about nature. Wang is best known for describing quiet scenes of water and mist, with few details and little human presence. He has been praised for “putting painting into his poetry and poetry into his painting.”31．Which word can be put in    ▲   ?A．fog B．wind C．rain D．sun32．In A Farewell Song, which sentences point out the place and time of farewell?A．②③ B．②④ C．①② D．③④33．What did Wang Wei express by writing this poem?A．His happiness of enjoying the scene. B．His greetings to his friend.C．His sadness of departure. D．His wish for his friend.34．What can we learn about Wang Wei according to the passage?A．He didn’t feel very sad about Yuan’s departure.B．He was a great success in both work and poetry.C．He is best known for describing humans with rich details.D．He enjoyed writing poems and painting at the same time.05（2022·山东·曹县教学研究室二模）Li Shizhen was one of the most famous doctors in Chinese history. He was born in Qichun, Hubei in 1518. Both of Li Shizhen’s father and grandfather were doctors. Li Shizhen’s grandfather was a country doctor who traveled in the countryside with a bag of herbs(药草)and cured(治愈)people. His father was a doctor who wrote several books. Li Shizhen used to help his father in his medical practice when he was young. Li Shizhen’s father wanted him to enter politics(从政). Li Shizhen studied for the exams and passed the country—level examination, but he was never able to pass the imperial(帝国的)examination. When he was 38, he cured the son of the Prince of Chu and was invited to be an official in that court(宫廷). A few years later, he became an official at the Imperial Medical Institute. Even though he fulfilled his father’s dream, he didn’t want to continue working for the court. One year later, he left the court and returned to be a doctor again. Li Shizhen was famous for his book, Compendium of Materia Medica(《本草纲目》). He spent 27 years writing the book. Unluckily, Li Shizhen died before the book was officially published. It is such a successful book. Now it is still one of the most important medical books in China.35．What did Li Shizhen’s father want Li Shizhen to do?A．To be a doctor. B．To write a book. C．To enter politics.36．When he was 38, Li Shizhen cured ________.A．his grandfather B．the son of the Prince of Chu C．an official in that country37．According to the passage, what was Li Shizhen famous for?A．Working for the court.B．Curing a lot of people.C．The book, Compendium of Materia Medica.38．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A．Li Shizhen’s grandfather was a country doctor and wrote several books.B．Li Shizhen studied for the exams and passed the imperial examination.C．Compendium of Materia Medica is one of the most important medical books in China.39．What does the passage mainly talk about?A．Li Shizhen’s life. B．Li Shizhen’s book. C．Li Shizhen’s herbs.  参考答案： 1．impossible    2．three    3．fill    4．other    5．heard    6．through    7．drums    8．turned    9．these    10．more 【导语】本文主要讲述了诸葛亮“草船借箭”的故事。1．句意：一天，周瑜交给诸葛亮一项不可能完成的任务。根据“He asked him to make 100,000 arrows (箭) in ten days”可知在10天内制作10万支箭是不可能的，impossible“不可能的”，形容词，故填impossible。2．句意：我将在三天内给你带来十万支箭。根据“days”可知此处应用基数词修饰名词，three“三个”符合语境，故填three。3．句意：诸葛亮让他的士兵们在20艘大船上装上稻草人。根据“20 large boats with many straw (稻草) men”可知是在船上装满稻草人，fill“装满”符合语境，空前有不定式符号，动词用原形，故填fill。4．句意：第三天一大早，他又叫士兵们把船开到河对岸曹操军队的营地。根据“on the...side of the river.”可知是指河岸的另一边，the other side“另一边”，故填other。5．句意：当曹操的士兵们听到声音时，他们认为他们遭到了攻击。根据“When Cao Cao’s soldiers...the sounds”可知是指曹军听到了声音，hear“听见”，动词，句子是一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填heard。6．句意：然而，他们透过河上的浓雾看不到敌人。根据“However, they could not see enemies...the thick fog (雾) on the river.”可知此处是指透过浓雾看敌人，through“通过”，介词，符合语境，故填through。7．句意：曹操命令他的士兵朝着鼓声和喊叫声射箭。根据“Cao Cao ordered his soldiers to shoot arrows towards the sounds of the”以及上文“beat their drums loudly.”可知是指鼓的声音，故填drums。8．句意：诸葛亮的士兵把船转过来。根据“Zhuge Liang’s soldiers then...the boats around and shouted”可知是指把船转过来，开回去，turn符合语境，句子是一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填turned。9．句意：诸葛亮把这些箭都带给了周瑜。根据“Zhuge Liang took all...arrows to Zhou Yu”结合备选词可知是指这些箭，these“这些”符合语境，故填these。10．句意：有超过10万支箭。根据“There were...than 100,000 of them.”可知此处是指箭的数量超过10万支，故填more。 11．B    12．A    13．D    14．C    15．A    16．D    17．C    18．C    19．A    20．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国历史上伟大的教育家孔子的生平、他的教育理念、他对中国教育所做的贡献及人们对他的评价。11．句意：尽管他生活在 2000 多年前，但今天的人们仍然记得和尊重他。before在……之前；ago以前；after在……之后；later之后。根据“Although he lived over 2,000 years…”可知，此处表示在“2000 多年前”，应用“ago”。故选B。12．句意：他有一个艰难的童年。hard艰难的；happy开心；simple简单的；pleasant令人愉快的。根据“His father died when he was only 3”可知，他有一个艰难的童年。故选A。13．句意：父亲在他三岁的时候就去世了，所以他不得不工作来帮助母亲，但年轻的孔子从未放弃学习。study学习；write写；sing唱歌；work工作。根据“so he had to…to help his mother,”可知，他不得不工作来帮助母亲。故选D。14．句意：父亲在他三岁的时候就去世了，所以他不得不工作来帮助母亲，但年轻的孔子从未放弃学习。gave in屈服；gave away泄露；gave up放弃；gave out分发。根据“He visited many famous teachers and learned music, history, poetry and sports”可知，孔子从未放弃学习。故选C。15．句意：那时，只有富家子弟才能上学，但孔子认为每个人想学习就应该上学。rich富有的；poor贫穷的；big大的；small小的。根据“At that time only children from…families could go to school”可知，那时只有富家子弟才能上学。故选A。16．句意：那时，只有富家子弟才能上学，但孔子认为每个人想学习就应该上学。could可以；might可能；must必须；should应该。根据“Confucius believed everyone…go to school if they wanted to learn.”可知，孔子认为每个人想学习就应该上学。故选D。17．句意：现在，人们还在学习孔子的课程。realize意识到；influence影响；study学习；listen听。根据“He told us that we all have something worthy（值得）to be learned.”可知，现如今人们还在学习孔子的课程。故选C。18．句意：当我和三个人在一起时，他们中的一个在某些方面一定比我好。subjects科目；periods时期；areas方面；places地方。根据“I choose their good qualities and follow them.”可知，三人行必要我师焉，所以他们中的一个在某些方面一定比我好。故选C。19．句意：他还告诉我们，思考在学习中非常重要。thinking思考；reading阅读；teaching教；learning学习。根据“All thinking but no study makes people lazy.”可知，孔子认为思考在学习中非常重要。故选A。20．句意：他最重要的教导是关于善良和良好的举止。happiness开心；kindness善良；strictness严格；safeness安全。根据“A person should be strict with himself, but be kind to others.”可知，他最重要的教导是关于善良和良好的举止。故选B。 21．C    22．D    23．A    24．B    25．A    26．B    27．B    28．A    29．C    30．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是俞伯牙和钟子期知音难求的感人故事。21．句意：他们的友谊是理想的中国友谊的典型例子。rule规则；part部分；example例子；character性格。根据“Have you ever heard of the story about Yu Boya and Zhong Ziqi? Their friendship is a typical…of the ideal（理想的）Chinese friendship. Here is the story.”可知，此处是用俞伯牙和钟子期举了一个例子。故选C。22．句意：不幸的是，很少有人能听懂他的音乐。forget忘记；believe相信；realize意识到；understand理解。根据“Zhong understood both of them and admired Boya”可知，此处没人能听懂他的音乐。故选D。23．句意：在路上，他遇到了一场大雨，把船停在河边。rain雨；boat船；instrument仪器；fish鱼。根据“When the rain stopped”可知，遇到了一场大雨。故选A。24．句意：雨停了，看到美丽的景色，他非常激动。bored乏味的；excited兴奋的；proud自豪的；sad悲伤的。根据“When the rain stopped, seeing the beautiful scenery（景色）”“和So he took out his guqin and began to play.”可知，此处他应该非常激动。故选B。25．句意：当他全神贯注地演奏音乐时，他突然注意到河边有人在听他演奏。somebody某人；everybody每个人；anybody任何人；nobody没有人。根据“Boya came out the of the boat and saw a person enjoying his music. ”可知，有人在听他演奏。故选A。26．句意：伯牙邀请他到他的船上为他演奏。sent寄送；invited邀请；refused拒绝；threw扔。根据“Zhong understood both of them and admired Boya”可知，伯牙邀请他到他的船上。故选B。27．句意：钟子期听懂了这两首曲子，并钦佩伯牙的音乐才能。rule规则；talent才能；journey旅行；score分数。根据“Zhong understood both of them and admired Boya”和“Boya was very excited, and said, ‘Dear friend! Only you can understand my music!’”可知，子期钦佩伯牙的音乐才能。故选B。28．句意：他们约定明年再在同一个地方见面。agreed同意，约定；doubted怀疑；minded介意；wondered想知道。根据“ they would meet again in the same place the next year”可知，此处表两个人的约定。故选A。29．句意：第二年，伯牙准时到达，但他没有见到钟子期。if如果；so因此；but但是；because因为。前后句之间为转折关系，使用连词but。故选C。30．句意：伯牙非常伤心，他把鼓琴摔断了，决定再也不弹了。only只；just仅仅；once一次，曾经；never从不。根据“Boya was so sad that he broke his guqin”可知，决定再也不弹了。故选D。31．C    32．C    33．C    34．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了王维和他的诗《送元二使安西》。31．细节理解题。根据“No dust is raised on the road wet”可知，路湿了，应是早晨的雨把路面弄湿的，故选C。32．细节理解题。诗第一句中“morning”指出了时间，诗第二句中“by the hotel”可知指出了地点。故选C。33．细节理解题。根据“the poet is not willing to show much sorrow or sadness for Yuan’s departure(离开). Instead, he wants to take the time to treasure their friendship and invites Yuan to drink a cup of wine.”可知，王维写这首诗表达了他对朋友的依依惜别之情。故选C。34．细节理解题。根据“He has been praised for ‘putting painting into his poetry and poetry into his painting.’”可知，王维喜欢同时写诗和绘画。故选D。35．C    36．B    37．C    38．C    39．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了李时珍的人生故事。35．细节理解题。根据第二段“Li Shizhen’s father wanted him to enter politics”可知，李时珍的父亲想他从政。故选C。36．细节理解题。根据第二段“When he was 38, he cured the son of the Prince of Chu and was invited to be an official in that court(宫廷).”可知，在李时珍38岁的时候，他治好了楚王的儿子。故选B。37．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Li Shizhen was famous for his book, Compendium of Materia Medica(《本草纲目》).”可知，李时珍因为他的书《本草纲目》而出名。故选C。38．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Now it is still one of the most important medical books in China.”可知，李时珍的《本草纲目》仍然是中国医学上最重要的医学书之一，选项C是正确的。故选C。39．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Li Shizhen was one of the most famous doctors in Chinese history. He was born in Qichun, Hubei in 1518.”及全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了李时珍的生平经历。故选A。