热点08 特殊句式的运用-十年（2013—2022）高考英语热门考点梳理与变式练

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十年（2013—2022）高考英语热门考点梳理与变式练
热点08 特殊句式的运用

1.(2010﹒全国卷I)I have seldom seen my mother ___ pleased with my progress as she is now .
A. so B. very C. too D. rather
【答案】A
【解析】此题考查so…as….的固定结构。句意：我很少看到妈妈像现在一样为我的进步如此开心。此题考查so…as….的固定结构, 题干中的关键词是as, 译为 “像…..一样, 正如…..一样”。因此选择A。
2.(2010﹒安徽)It was from only a few supplies that she had bought in the village _______ the hostess cooked such a nice dinner.
A. where B. that C. when D. which
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查强调句型。迷惑点在于强调部分中含有一个定语从句that she had bought in the village。
3.(2010﹒湖南)John’s success has nothing to do with good luck. It is years of hard work has made him what he is today.
A. why B. when C. which D. that
【答案】D
【【解析】考查强调句型。题干为强调句型, 被强调部分为years of hard work, 故选D项。
4.(2010﹒江苏)—I have tried very hard to find a solution to the problem, but in vain. w_
—why not consult with Frank? You see, _________.
A. great minds think alike
B. two heads are better than one
C. a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush
D. it’s better to think twice before doing something
【答案】B
【解析】考查谚语。表示三个臭皮匠凑成诸葛亮./ A 英雄所见略同./C 一鸟在手胜于二鸟在林./ D.三思而后行.
5.(2010﹒江苏)—Is everyone here?
—Not yet……Look , there_______ the rest of our guests!
A. come B. comes C. is coming D. are coming
【答案】A
【解析】考查倒装句及主谓一致。在there be句型中，谓语动词根据后面的主语而定。
6.(2010﹒四川)If you have a job, yourself to it and finally you’ll succeed.
A. do devote B. don’t devote C. devoting D. not devoting
【答案】A
【解析】考查谓语动词的强调及 “祈使句+and+将来时句子”的固定搭配。此处应是祈使句, 又有谓语动词的强调要借助助动词do, 故选A。句意为：“如果你有了一份工作, 付出努力去做它, 最后你定能成功。”
7.(2010﹒四川)We laugh at jokes, but seldom about how they work.
A. we think B. think we C. we do think D. do we think
【答案】D
【考点】考查倒装。
seldom为否定副词放句首, 用部分倒装, 故选D。句意为 “我们因笑话而笑, 但很少去思考笑话怎样让我们笑。”
8.(2010﹒陕西)John opened the door . There _____ he had never seen before.
A. a girl did stand B. a girl stood C. did a girl stand D. stood a girl
【答案】D
【解析】考查特殊句式。Here, There, Thus, Then等副词位于句首, 且当句子的主语是名词时, 句子用全部倒装句, 选D。
9.(2010﹒浙江)The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if regularly, can improve our health.
A. being carried out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查if条件句中的省略情况。本句的句子的主语是the experiment；谓语动词是shows；that引导宾语从句, 宾语从句的主干事：proper amounts of exercise can improve our health, if_____ regularly是插入的条件从句, 从句的主语是proper amounts of exercise, 此时应用it代替前面提到的主语, 条件句的主语与主句的主语一致, 并且含有is, 故省略了it is, 完整形式是：if it is carried out。句意为：这项实验表明, 适当的运动, 如果有规律的进行, 能够有助于我们的身体健康。
10.(2010﹒江西)Not until he left his home ___ to know how important the family was for him.
A did he begin B had he begun C he began D he had begun
【答案】A
【解析】考查倒装。not until放在句首要用部分倒装, 翻译为直到, 所以begin发生在left之后或同时发生
11.(2010﹒重庆)At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River______, one of the ten largest cities in China.
A. lies Chongqing B. Chongqing lies C. does lie Chongqing D. does Chongqing lie
【答案】A
【解析】考查倒装。表示方位的地点状语提前, 句子完全倒装, 所以选A项。
12.(2010﹒湖北)Only if people of all the countries are united ________（我们才能解决）the existing problems in the world. (solve)
【答案】will we be able to solve/can we solve.
【解析】考查倒装。only位于句首修饰状语从句要倒装。根据 “主将从现”的原则可以确认主句的助动词是“will”, 或者使用情态动词“can”。
13.(2011﹒全国卷I)Try____ she might, Sue couldn’t get the door open.
A. if B. when C. sine D. as
【答案】D
【解析】本题考察倒装。As引导的让步状语从句，应将状语、表语甚至谓语提前构成形式上的倒装。题目前半句说，她试过；后半句说Sue不能打开门，明显前后两句意思相反。As表示虽然，尽管。
14.(2011﹒全国卷I)Only when he reached the tea-house ______it was the same place he’d been in last year.
A. he realized B. he did realize C. realized he D. did he realize
【答案】D
【解析】本题考察倒装句。Only引导的状语从句位于句首，应把主句中动词的助动词提前构成部分倒装。
15.(2011﹒福建)—It’s nice. Never before____ such a special drink!
—I’m glad you like it.
A.I have had B. I had C. have I had D. had I
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态及倒装。never是否定副词，置于句首，句子要部分倒装；由语意可知说话人以前从未喝过这样特别的饮料，应该用现在完成时，故选C项。
16.(2011﹒湖南)Only after they had discussed the matter for a few hours _______a decision
A. they reached B. did they reach C. they reach D. do they reach
【答案】B
【解析】本题考察only前置的倒装句。Only引导状语从句前置，主句主谓要部分倒装。又因为从前文中的"had discussed"判断出是过去时间，故选B；句意：只有在他们讨论这个问题好几个小时之后他们才作出决定。
17.(2011﹒四川)Was it on a lonely island ______ he was saved one month after the boat went down?
A. where B. that C. which D. what
【答案】B
【解析】考查强调句。此处强调的是句子的地点状语on a lonely island，是强调句的一般疑问句句型：Was it + 被强调部分+ that +句子？句意：“他是不是在小船沉没一个月后在一个孤岛上被营救的？”
18.(2011﹒陕西)It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do____benefits our work most.
A. who B. which C. that D. what
【答案】C
【解析】考查强调句。强调句型:It is/was +被强调部分+that连接句子的其他部分。答案选择C。
19.(2011﹒重庆)I told them not everybody could run as fast as you did, ______ ?
A. could he B. didn’t I C. didn’t you D. could they
【答案】B
【解析】考查反义疑问句。反义疑问句的基本原则就是与主句主谓保持一致。陈述部分为肯定，故附加部分为否定，本句含有一个宾语从句且主句为“I told them……，所以选择B。句意：我告诉他们并非每个人都可以跑得和你一样快，不是吗？
20.(2011﹒重庆)—Have you seem the film Under the Hawthorn Tree?
— Of course, I have. It was in our village _______ it was made.
A.that B.where C.when D.which
【答案】A
【解析】考查强调句。问话人询问对方是否看过《山楂树之恋》这部电影，答话人回答说当然看过，这部电影是在自己的村庄拍摄的。本句是强调句，被强调的部分是地点状语in our village。强调状语in our village。
21.(2011﹒湖南)It’s not what we do once in a while ______ shapes our lives, but what we do consistently
A .which B. that C. how D. when
【答案】B
【解析】本题考察强调句型。本题考察强调句型。强调主语。故选B。句子意思：决定我们生活的东西不是我们偶尔所做的事情而是那些我们自始至终所做的事情。
22.(2011﹒全国卷II)Jane won’t join us for dinner tonight and .
A. neither won’t Tom B. Tom won’t either
C. Tom will too D. so will Tom
【答案】B
【解析】考查特殊句式。句意：简不会来参加我们今晚的宴会，汤姆也不会来。此处是否定句，故使用either，而too一般用于肯定句中。此处也可以用so倒装的否定式，即neither/nor will Tom.注意A项中neither表否定意义，所以不能用won’t。
23.(2011﹒江苏)It sounds like something is wrong with the car’s engine._______ , we’d better take it to the garage immediately.
A. Otherwise B. If not C. But for that D. If so
【答案】D
【解析】考查省略和替代。句意：听起来车的发动机好像有问题，如果那样的话，我们最好立刻把它弄到汽修厂去。前后两句话之间是顺承关系。Otherwise否则，要不然；if not要不，不然；but for that若不是因为那件事；if so若是这样。
24.(2011﹒辽宁)_____ a strange plant! I've never seen it before.
A. Which B. What C. How D. Whether
【答案】B
【解析】考查感叹句。句意：多么奇怪的植物啊！我以前从没见过。此处为“What+a/an十adj.+n.+it is/was”的省略结构，故B项正确。
25.(2011﹒上海)It doesn’t matter if they want to come to your party, _______?
A. doesn’t it B. does it C. don’t they D. do they
【答案】B
【解析】考查反义疑问句。反义疑问句的基本原则就是与主句主谓保持一致。陈述部分为否定，故附加部分为肯定，句意：他们是否来参加你的派对，没有关系，是吗？
26.(2012﹒江西)Never before seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert.
A.had she B.she had C.has she D.she has
【答案】C
【解析】考查部分倒装。句首有关键词Never，否定词提前到句首，句子部分倒装。排除B,D。再根据句子时态，应用现在完成时，故选C。
27. (2012﹒江西)He seems to be giving the impression that he didn’t enjoy himself in Paris. , he had a wonderful time.
A.Above all B.What’s more C.As a result D.On the contrary
【答案】D
【解析】句意为他似乎给人们留下一种在巴黎玩得不开心的印象______他玩得很开心。前后句有转折之意，故选D恰恰相反。A首先，B此外，C结果是。
28.(2012﹒浙江)Had they known what was coming next, they________ second thoughts.
A. may have B. could have C. must have had D. might have had
【答案】D
【解析】本句是一个倒装句，可还原为：if they had known what was coming next, they might have had second thought。根据had known提示，可知是与过去事实相反，因此虚拟语气主句中应该用would/might +have done，由此可见答案D符合语境。
29.(2012﹒江苏)There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent, _______________?
A. is there B. isn't there C. is he D. isn't he
【答案】A
【解析】根据前面there be 句里含有否定意义的词little，所以反意疑问句用肯定形式，其主谓应与陈述部分的主谓保持一致，故选A项。
30.(2012﹒重庆)The headmaster will not permit the change in the course, nor______ it a thought.
A. does he even given B. he even gives C. whether D. he will even given
【答案】C
【解析】空白处前为否定词“nor”位于句首，句子应该使用部分倒装结构，而且根据语境空白处应使用一般将来时，C选项符合题意。因此，正确答案为C选项。
31. (2012﹒重庆)It was 80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic______ Zheng sailed to East Africa
A. when B. that C. after D. since
【答案】B
【解析】句子虽然比较长，但是其主干为强调句型，是对“80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic”进行了强调，由此可知，空白处应该填写“that”。因此，正确答案为B选项。
32.(2012﹒辽宁)Not until he retired from teaching three years ago having a holiday abroad.
A. he had considered B. had he considered
C. he considered D. did he consider
【答案】D
【解析】Not until位于句首时句子要倒装，consider having a holiday abroad这个动作发生在retire之后，所以用一般过去时。
33. (2012﹒四川)At school, some students are active ______ some are shy, yet they can be good friends with one another.
A. while B. although C. so D. as
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查并列连词。题干句意为：在学校，一些学生很活跃而一些却很害羞，然而他们都可能彼此成为好朋友。根据句意选while，表示两个分句中两种情况的对比。
34.(2012﹒四川)This is not my story, nor ______ the whole story. My story plays out differently.
A. is there B. there is C. is it D. it is
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查倒装句。nor位于句首引起部分倒装，排除B、D；再根据句意“这并不是（关于）我的故事，它也不是故事的全部。我的故事的结局不同。”选代词it。故答案选C。
35.(2012﹒陕西)The basketball coach, as well as his team , ______interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.
A. were B. was C. is D. are
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。主语中心词是the basketball coach，是单数，根据shortly after the match可以推断出题干时态是一般过去时，故选B。
36.(2012﹒北京)______ at the door before you enter my room, please.
A. Knock B. Knocking C. Knocked D. To knock
【答案】A
【解析】祈使句考点，用动词原形。
37.(2013﹒北京)The famous musician, as well as his students, ____ to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.
A. were invited B. was invited C. have been invited D. has been invited
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查主谓一致。这个著名的音乐家和他的学生被邀请在2012年的台北花展上演出。主语是The famous musician，尽管后面跟有介词或介词词组作附属修饰语，谓语动词仍用单数形式。排除A和C；2012 Taipei Flower Expo是一个过去的时间，动作已经发生，和现在没有关系，没必要用现在完成时，排除D。
38.(2013﹒福建)Don’t turn off the computer before closing all programs ______ you could have problems
A. or B. and C. but D. so
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查并列句的连词。在关闭所有程序之间不要关电脑，否则可能会出问题。考查句式：祈使句+and/or+陈述句，根据句意，选A。
39.(2013﹒福建) Not until he went through real hardship _____the love we have for our families is important.
A. had he realized B. did he realize C. he realized D. he had realized
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查倒装结构。直到他经历了真正的艰难之后才意识到我们对家庭的爱是很重要的。含有否定意义的副词、连词或短语放在句首时，要用部分倒装结构。由he went through real hardship可知动作已经发生，与现在的动作没有关系，用一般过去式，所以B正确。D选项的意思是先认识后经历，不符合本文所表达的意思。
40.(2013﹒江苏) Generally, students’ inner motivation with high expectations from others ______ essential to their development.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查主谓一致用法。一般说来，他人对其期望值高的学生的内在动机对自身的发展是至关重要的。分析句子结构，主语为students’ inner motivation with high expectations from others，中心词为inner motivation，显然为第三人称单数。再根据generally（一般说来），可见讲通常情况，所以用一般现在时。故选择A。
41.(2013﹒江苏) Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and ______ to ruins, the city took on a new look.
A. reducing B. reduced C. being reduced D. having reduced
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查时间状语从句的省略用法。在遭受大地震，沦为废墟之后不久，这座城市就呈现出新的面貌。Shortly after在……之后不久，引导时间状语从句。时间状语从句中，当主语与主句主语一致时，为避免重复，从句可用省略句。根据短语reduce the city to ruins（使城市沦为废墟），可见reduce与逻辑主语the city构成被动关系，排除A，D；而and连接两个并列成分，suffering from a massive earthquake and ______ to ruins，根据suffering的形式，确定答案为being reduced。故选C。
42.(2013﹒江西) Only when he apologizes for his rudeness ____to him again.
A. I will speak. B. will I speak. C. do I speak. D. I speak.
【答案】B
【解析】考查倒装句。只有当他为他的粗鲁道歉的时候，我才会再跟他说话。本题的第一个关键词是only。当only放在句首，修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句时，主句用部分倒装。第二个关键点是when引导的时间状语从句，有“主将从现”的用法，本题中从句用的是一般现在时，因此主句用一般将来时。
43.(2013﹒江西) If _____ to look after luggage for someone else, inform the police at once.
A. asked B. to ask C. asking D. having asked
【答案】A
【解析】考查省略句。如果有人让你替别人照看行李，请马上通知警察。在if引导的从句中，如果从句的主要动词是be，常将主语和be省略。解题关键：观察题目与选项。本题主句是祈使句，祈使句通常是动词原形开头，省略主语you，再观察选项，ask与you是动宾关系，因此从句的完整表达方式是if you are asked……。因此，锁定答案A.与if用法一样的还有when、though、as if等连词。
44.(2013﹒湖南) Every day ________ a proverb aloud several times until you have it memorized.
A.read B.reading C.to read D.reads
【答案】A
【解析】考查祈使句。每天朗读几遍谚语知道你记住为止。解题关键：区分谓语与非谓语。1.去掉until引导的状语从句，主句要有谓语动词，就可排除B、C两个答案；2.主句缺主语，判断出本句为祈使句，排除D。
45.(2013﹒湖南) The university estimates that living expenses for international students ________ around $8，450 a year, which ________ a burden for some of them.
A.are；is B.are，are C.is，are D.is，is
【答案】A
【解析】考查主谓一致。这所大学估算国际学生的生活费用大约一年8450美元，这对一些国际学生来说是一种负担。for international students 修饰主语的中心语the living expenses ，谓语动词要选are，排除C、D；which在从句中从当主语指代$8450 a year，以及a burden可判断出后一个空格选择is。
46.(2013﹒湖南) Not once ________ to Michael that he could one day become a top student in his class.
A.occurred it B.it did occur C.it occurred D.did it occur
【答案】D
【解析】考查倒装句。迈克尔从来没想到他居然会成为班上的拔尖学生。否定副词not位于句首，句子应该使用部分倒装结构。部分倒装：（1）以否定词开头的句子要求部分倒装；（2）以“only+状语”开头的句子；（3）以“so+形容词或副词”开头的句子；（4）so表示“也，也是”的意义。如：She worked hard, so did her husband.
Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake.
Not until yesterday did little John change his mind.
47.(2013﹒辽宁) At no time _____ the rules of the game. It was unfair to punish them.
A. they actually broke B. do they actually break
C. did they actually break D. they had actually broken
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查动词时态和倒装用法。事实上他们绝对没有违反游戏规则。惩罚他们是不公平的。当否定词或具有否定含义的短语置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装。at no time意为“绝不，在任何时候都不”，置于句首用部分倒装，故排除A，D。再根据已知时态was，可知讲的是过去的情况，所以选择C。
48.(2013﹒上海) Among the crises that face humans ______ the lack of natural resources.
A. is B. are C. is there D. are there
【答案】A
【解析】考查倒装和主谓一致。自然资源的缺乏是人类面临的危机之一。根据介词短语不可以做主语的原则，可判断出这是一个倒装句，主语为the lack of natural resources，中心词为lack，所以用单数的is。这是典型的“主系表”倒装为“表系主”，介词短语among the crises that face humans做表语。
49.(2013﹒四川) Read this story, ______ you will realize that not everything can be bought with money.
A. or B. and C. but D. so
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查并列句。看看这个故事，你就会明白不是所有的东西都可以用钱买到的。“祈使句 + and/or +陈述句”是一个固定句式，根据句意，选B。
50.(2013﹒天津) It was not until near the end of the letter ______ she mentioned her own plan.
A. that B. where C. why D. when
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查强调句型。直到在这封信的末尾他才提到自己的计划。强调句的基本机构：It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子的其他部分，本句中强调的是时间状语从句所以用that。本题个别考生易误解成定语从句。
51.(2013﹒全国卷II) I was glad to meet Jenny again, ____ I didn't want to spend all day with her.
A. but B. and C.so D. or
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查并列句。我很高兴再次见到詹尼，但是，我不想一整天都跟她一起度过。解题关键是弄清前后句子之间的逻辑关系。前面说见面高兴，后面却说不想整天跟她呆在一起，明显是转折关系，要用连词but。
52.(2013﹒全国卷II) It was only after he had read the papers ______ Mr. Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete.
A when B. that C. which D. what
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查强调句型。Gross先生读了这些报告之后才意识到，他面前的这个任务非常难完成。“It is/was + 被强调部分 + that 从句”是一个固定的句式，当被强调的部分是物时，连词只能用that，因此锁定正确答案。
53.(2013﹒全国卷II) Only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent ______ properly in this hospital.
A. can be the patients B. can the patients be treated
C. the patients can be treated D. treated can be the patients
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查倒装句。在这个医院里，只有把医生的数量增加50%，才够治疗所有的病人。only 开头，后面紧跟一个介词短语，后面的谓语动词要部分倒装，即把其中的助动词或者情态动词提到主语的前面，因此正确答案是B。
54.(2013﹒浙江) There are some health problems that, when ______ in time, can become bigger ones later on.
A. not treated B. not being treated
C. not to be treated D. not have been treated
【答案】A
【解析】考查省略和非谓语动词。有些健康问题如果不及时治疗 ，不久可能就变成大问题。when 后面如果用完整的句子表达，它的主语就是problems，因此主语和它后面的be 动词可以一起省略，相当于“ when they are not treated”。
55.(2013﹒重庆) It's not easy to change habits, ______ with awareness and self-control, it is possible.
A. for B. or C. but D. so
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查并列句。改变习惯不容易，但如果是有意识的并且自控，就可能做到。空处前面说的是不容易，后面说的是可能，显然是转折关系。
56.(2013﹒重庆) It was with the help of the local guide ______ the mountain climber was rescued.
A. who B. that C. when D. how
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查强调句型。在当地导游的帮助下，登山者才得以获救。
It is/was+被强调部分+that/who(m)是固定的强调句型，被强调的部分无论是人是物，都可以用that；被强调部分如果是人，可以用who或者whom。本句中被强调的部分并不是the local guide，而是介词短语“with the help of the local guide”，所以不能用who，而必须用that。
57.(2014﹒大纲卷) ________the nurses want a pay increase, they want reduced hours as well.
A. Not do only B. Do not only
C. Only not do D. Not only do
【答案】D　
【解析】考查倒装句。句意：护士们不仅要求涨工资而且也要求减少劳动时间。此处后面的but also被省略，not only引导的句子置于句首时，要部分倒装。故选D。
58.(2014﹒大纲卷) ________ me tomorrow and I'll let you know the lab result.
A. Calling B. Call C. To call D. Having called
【答案】B　
【解析】考查特殊句式。句意：明天给我打电+话，我会告诉你实验的结果。此句是祈使句，故用动词原形。故选B。
59.(2014﹒福建) The climate here is quite pleasant, the temperature rarely, ________， reaching 30℃ in summer.
A.if not B.if ever C.if any D.if so
【答案】B　
【解析】考查特殊句式(省略)。句意：这儿的气候很宜人。在夏天时，气温很少达到30℃，如果曾经有过的话。根据句意可知，条件句应该是if the temperature ever reaches 30℃ in summer，其省略形式是if ever，故选择B项。 if not如果不；if any如果(有)任何(……)；if so如果这样。
60.(2014﹒福建)It was the culture, rather than the language, ________made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.
A.where B.why C.that D.what
【答案】C　
【解析】考查特殊句式(强调句型)。句意：正是文化而非语言使得他很难适应国外的新环境。本句去掉it was和that之后，剩余部分仍然能够构成一个结构正确、意义完整的句子，故确定其为强调句型，选择C项。
61.(2014﹒湖南)Only when you can find peace in your heart ____ good relationships with others.
A. will you keep B. you will keep C. you kept D. did you keep
【答案】A　
【解析】考查倒装句。句意：只有当你内心感觉平和时，你才能与别人保持良好的关系。副词only位于句首，引起部分倒装，可排除B、C；根据时间状语从句中的时态可排除D项。
62.(2014﹒湖南)________what you're doing today important, because you're trading a day of your life for it.
A. Make B. To make C. Making D. Made
【答案】A　
【解析】考查祈使句。句意：使你今天正在做的变得重要，因为你正在用你生命中的一天与之交换。题干中逗号后是一个原因状语从句，因此前面必须是一个主句才能成立。只有用动词原形才能构成一个祈使句，才是一个完整的句子。
63.(2014﹒湖南﹒T33)It's not doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to do ________ makes life happy.
A. that B. which C. what D. who
【答案】A　
【解析】考查强调句型。句意：使生活变得更加快乐的不是做我们喜欢的事，而是喜欢我们必须要做的事。这里是强调句型，把it's和that去掉之后，句子仍成立。
64.(2014﹒陕西) No sooner ________ stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.
A. had Mo Yan B. Mo Yan had C. has Mo Yan D. Mo Yan has
【答案】A　
【解析】考查特殊句式。no sooner…than…引导时间状语从句，且当no sooner位于主句句首时，主句用部分倒装形式，即将主句谓语中的助动词、系动词或情态动词提到其主语前，故选A。
65.(2014﹒四川)Was it because Jack came late for school ________ Mr Smith got angry?
A.why B.who C.where D.that
【答案】D　
【解析】考查特殊句式。此题考查的是强调句的一般疑问句，所强调的成分为原因状语从句because Jack came late for school，故用that。句意：是不是因为杰克上学迟到老师才生气的？
66.(2014﹒天津) Give me a chance, ________ I'll give you a wonderful surprise.
A. if　　　　B. or C. and D. while
【答案】C　
【解析】考查并列句。句意：给我一个机会，我会给你一个绝妙的惊喜。本句是一个表示顺接关系的句子，故用and连接。if表示“如果”，引导条件状语从句；or表示“否则，要不然”，表示一种相反的假设；while意为“当……时候”，引导时间状语从句，若意为“虽然，尽管”，则引导让步状语从句。
67.(2014﹒重庆)—I spent two weeks in London last summer.
—Then you must have visited the British Museum during your stay, ________ you?
A. mustn't B. haven't C. didn't D. hadn't
【答案】C　
【解析】考查特殊句型的用法。在“…must have done…”这个表示对过去的推测的句型中，反义疑问句不可用must的任何形式，因为must用于表推测时仅能用于肯定句。若语境中有明确地表示过去的时间状语，反义疑问句必须用过去时的否定式，若没有明确地表示过去的时间状语且强调现状则用完成时。该题中上句有last summer，故选C。
68.(2015﹒湖南)It is important to remember that success ________ a sum of small efforts made each day and often ________ years of achieve.
A. is; takes B. are; takes C. are; take D. is; take
【答案】A
【解析】试题分析：主谓一致指“人称”和“数”方面的一致关系。根据分析，第一空的谓语要填一个单数，因为此宾语从句：…that success a sum of…day.的主语是success，一个单数名词，故谓语要用is；后面的句子：often years to achieve.的主语也是success，故第二空的谓语也是一个单数形式。句意：成功是将每天一小点努力积累起来，是需要多年的努力去达到，记住这些很重要。
69.(2015﹒湖南)Always ________ in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly.
A. to keep B. to have kept C.keep D.have kept
【答案】C 　
【解析】考查祈使句。这是一个完整的句子，而that引导的是宾语从句，因此只能是祈使句。故选C。句意：永远记住，你的主要任务就是让这个公司平稳运行。
70.(2015﹒天津)Only when Lily walked into the office __ that she had left the contract at home.
A. she realized B. has she realized
C. she has realized D. did she realize
【答案】D
【解析】试题分析：句意：只有当莉莉走进办公室的时候，她才意识到她把合同忘家里了。本题考查only位于句首，引导的时间状语从句，主句要主谓倒装。根据时态和句意可知选D。
71.(2015﹒湖南)Only after talking to two students ________ that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals.
A. I did discover B. did I discover C. I discovered D. discovered
【答案】B
【解析】试题分析:副词only置于句首，强调方式状语、 条件状语、地点状语、时间状语等状语时，主句要进行部分倒装。如果被only所强调的状语为状语从句，该状语从句不倒装，只对主句进行倒装。 此题中only作为副词放在句首修饰时间状语after talking to two student, 所以主句要进行部分倒装。部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do,does或did,并将其置于主语之前。句意:在和两个学生交谈之后我才意识到拥有强烈的动机是达到目标的最大因素。故选B
72.(2015﹒湖南)It was when we were returning home ________ I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.
A. which B. that C. where D. how
【答案】B
【解析】试题分析：B； 根据分析：此句是It was…开头且去掉It was，when we were returning home I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.是一个完整意义上的句子，故判断此句是一个强调句，强调when we were returning home；强调句常用句型：It is (was) +被强调部分+that(who)… 。句意：正是在我回家的时候我才意识到帮助别人于危难之时感觉是多么令人愉悦。故选B
73.(2015﹒重庆)Bach died in 1750, but it was not until the early 19th century____ his musical gift was fully recognized.
A. while B. though C. that D. after
【答案】C
【解析】试题分析:句意:马赫死于1750年，但直到19世纪他的音乐天赋才被承认。强调句与not until 连用。It be not until that... 故选C项。not until 引起的时间状语置于句首时，句子的主谓应部分倒装。由not until 引导的时间状语从句位于句首时，主句应部分倒装,从句语序不变。如:Not until 1998 did he return to his hometown.直到1998年他才回到家乡注意:当not until引导的状语或状语从句用于强调句型时，句子的主语不倒装。如将上两句改为强调句应为:It was not until 1998 that he returned to his hometown.
74.(2016﹒江苏)Not until recently ______the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.
A. they had encouraged B. had they encouraged
C. did they encourage D. they encouraged
【答案】C
【解析】试题分析:考查部分倒装。当not until 所引导的时间状语放在句首的时候，主句要使用部分倒装句。排除AD项，B项为过去完成时，上下文中并没有体现出过去的过去的时间。句意:直到最近他们才鼓励在农村地区开展与旅游业有关的活动。故C正确。
75. (2016﹒天津)You are waiting at a wrong place. It is at the hotel ____ the coach picks up tourists.
A. who B. which C. where D. that
【答案】D
【解析】试题分析：句意：你在一个错误的地方等待。大客车是在旅店接送游客的。使用强调句，结构是：It is/was+强调部分+that+其余部分，如果强调部分是人，也可以用who，这句话强调的是地点状语at the hotel。故选D。
76.(2017﹒江苏)The publication of Great Expectations, which _______ both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens’ status as a leading novelist.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
【答案】C
【解析】试题分析:考查主谓一致。先行词是Great Expectations,“Great Expectations”是书名,看做单数，所以定语从句的谓语也要使用单数形式;根据‘strengthened"可知,说的是过去，故选C。句意:《远大前程》的出版获得了广泛的认可和高度的赞扬，这坐实了狄更斯作为前沿小说家的地位。
77.(2017﹒天津)It was when I got back to my apartment ______ I first came across my new neighbors.
A. who B. where C. which D. that
【答案】D
【解析】试题分析：句意：当我回到我的公寓的时候，我第一次遇见了我的新邻居。本句中去掉It was 和空格，句意完整，所以本句是强调句型，强调的是时间状语，应用that。故选D。
78.(2018﹒北京)In any unsafe situation, simply _________ the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need.
A. press B. to press C. pressing D. pressed
【答案】A
【解析】考查祈使句。句意：在任何不安全的情况下，仅仅摁一下这个按钮，一个训练有素的特工就会使你得到你需要的帮助。and是连词，连接并列结构，and后面是一个句子，那么，前面也应是句子，选项中只有动词原形可以构成祈使句，其余的都是非谓语动词，无法构成句子。故A选项正确。
79.(2018﹒天津) It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house ___________we saw Lily in the passenger seat.
A. which B. that C. when D. where
【答案】B
【解析】考查强调句。句意：只有当汽车在我们房子前停下来我们才看到在乘客位置的莉莉。这里考查强调句，强调句型结构为：It is/ was + 被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+ that/ who(当强调主语且主语指人)+ 其他部分。本题强调时间状语only when the car pulled up in front of our house。故选B。
80.(2019﹒天津)The professor warned tie students that on no account _____________ use mobile phones in his class.
A. should they B. they should C. dare they D. they dare
【答案】A
【解析】考查部分倒装。句意：这位教授警告学生们，在他的课堂上，决不应该使用手机。on no account决不，否定词放在句首，句子使用部分倒装，应该做should do,敢于做dare do，根据句意表示”应该“，故选A。
81.(2020﹒全国卷II﹒语法填空)This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers 62 (carry) special significance.
【答案】carries
【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：这就是为什么用植物、水果和鲜花装饰具有特殊意义的原因。这是一个表语从句，从句主语为动名词短语decorating with plants, fruits and flowers，所以谓语动词用单数形式。故填carries。
82.(2020﹒全国卷III﹒短文改错)My dad don’t like the soup and I don’t enjoy apples.
【答案】
【解析考查主谓一致。句意：我爸爸不喜欢汤，我也不喜欢苹果。表示经常或反复发生的事情，用一般现在时。主语my dad是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数，所以don’t改成doesn’t。
83.（2021·天津）Feeling fearful is healthy ________ it helps you slow down and evaluate risks properly.
A．because B．until C．before D．although
【答案】A
【解析】考查连词词义辨析。句意：感到恐惧是有益于健康的，因为它能帮助你慢下来，正确评估风险。A. because因为；B. until直到；C. before在……之前；D. although虽然。根据语境，主句提到healthy（有益于健康的），连词引导的从句部分则在具体描述为何说是有益于健康的，这是一个原因状语从句，适用because（因为）引导，故选A。

回顾一 强调句
强调句知识结构
强调句型
注意点
例 句
It is (was) +
被强调部分+that(who)…
为了强调句子的某一成分（通常是主语、宾语或状语），常用强调结构：It is(was) +被强调部分+that(who)…；
表示强调的it在这种结构的句子中作主句的主语，it本身没有词义。
一般讲，原句的谓语动词如果是现在或将来各种时态，用It is…that (who)…；如果原句谓语动词是过去各种时态，则用It was… that(who)…。
原句：Last night I saw a film in the Youth Palace.
强调主语：It was I that (or: who) saw a film in the Youth Palace last night.
强调宾语：It was a film that I saw in the Youth Palace last night.
强调地点状语：It was in the Youth Palace that I saw a film last night.
强调时间状语：It was last night that I saw a film in the Youth Palace.
谓语动词的强调
It is/ was … that …结构不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语时，要用助动词do/does或did。
注意：
①do用于对肯定的祈使句的强调以及对实义动词一般现在时肯定句（除主语是第三人称单数）的强调；
②does用于对实义动词一般现在时肯定句主语是第三人称单数的强调；
③did用于对实义动词一般过去时肯定句的强调。
①Do be careful when you cross the street.
过马路时，务必（千万）要小心啊！
They do work hard at maths.
他们对数学的学习确实很努力。
②He does send an email to me every day.
他确实每天都给我发电子邮件。
③He did do his homework yesterday.
昨天他确实做了家庭作业。
It is (was) +被强调部分+that(who)…句型的变式
It is (was) +
被强调部分+that(who)…
句式基本特征：
Is/ Was it +被强调部分+ that…；
或情态动词+ it + be + 被强调部分 + that…
①Was it in 1969 ________ the American astronauts succeeded _______ landing on the moon ?
A. when; on B. that; on C. when; in D. that; in
②Could it be in the restaurant in _______ you had dinner with me yesterday _______ you lost your handbag?
A. that; which B. which; that
C. where; that D. that; where
特殊疑问句形式
句式基本特征：特殊疑问词+is/was it that…？或特殊疑问词 + 情态动词 + it + be + 被强调部分 + that…
—_______ is it _______ has made Peter _______ he is today?
—Determination.
A. What; that; that B. That; that; what
C. What; what; that D. What; that; what
反意疑问句形式
句式基本特征：It is/was+被强调部分+that…，isn’t / wasn’t it？
It was Alice and her boyfriend who sent the old man to the hospital, _______?
A. do they B. didn’t they C. wasn’t it D. was it
强调句与其它句型的结合
与名词从句的结合句式特征为：整个强调句型用作名词性从句或者在强调句型中含有名词性从句。
①I’ve already forgotten _________ you put the dictionary.
A. that it was there B. where was it that [来源:学.科.网Z.X.X.K][来源:学&科&网]
C. that where it was D. where it was that
【解析】D。本题是经过变形的强调句型用作宾语从句的体现，为了更好地理解，我们分三步对其进行讨论。
第一步：复原→It was on the desk that I put the dictionary.
第二步：对划线部分提问→Where was it that you put the dictionary?
第三步：变为陈述语序，将其用作forgotten的宾语从句则变为：I’ve already forgotten where it was that you put the dictionary.
②It was at the very beginning _______ Mr. Fox made the decision _______ we should send more firefighters there.
A. when; which B. where; what [来源:Zxxk.Com][来源:Zxxk.Com]
C. then; so D. that; that
【解析】D。 第一个that为强调句型中的that；第二个that引导同位语从句，说明the decision的内容。
与定语从句的结合句式特征为：在强调句型的被强调部分或其他部分中找出一个先行词，附上修饰该部分的定语从句。
①It was in the small house _______ was built with stones by his father _______ he spent his childhood.
A. which; that B. that; where
C. which; which D. that; which
【解析】A。本题含义为＂是在这间小房子里他度过了童年＂，the small house作先行词，其后的定语从句缺做主语的关系代词；第二空所缺的应是强调句型中的结构词that，故答案选A。
②Is _______ three hours _______ the boy _______ family is poor to come to school on foot?
A. it; that; whose B. it; that it takes; whose
C. it for; that it takes; whose D. it; when; that;
【解析】B。本题结构复杂，是定语从句、强调句型的一般问句形式和句式It takes sb. some time to do sth.的糅合。我们也分几步来看这个句子：
第一步：基本句式It takes the boy three hours to come to school on foot.
第二步：以the boy为先行词，后面附上定语从句，则变为：
It takes the boy whose family is poor three hours to come to school on foot.
第三步：用强调句型对上句中的划线部分进行强调，则变为：It is three hours that it takes the boy whose family is poor to come to school on foot.
第四步：将上句变为一般疑问句可知答案。
强调句型的省略形式
句式特征为：在一定的上下文中，强调句型的that(who)及其后面的部分可以省略。作题时要特别注意将其复原并加以比较。
①—Who is making so much noise in the garden?
—________ the children.
A. It is B. They are C. That is D. There are
【解析】答案为A。强调句型在具体的语境中的省略，其完整形式应是：It is the children who are making so much noise in the garden.。
②—He was nearly drowned once.
—When was that?
—_______ was in 1998 he was in middle school.
A. That; that B. it; when C. This; that D. It; that
【解析】B。强调句的一种省略，完整形式是：It was in 1998 when he was in middle school that he was nearly drowned.
强调句型的构成是：It is (was) + 被强调部分+ that (who) + 句子的其他成分。被强调的部分放在 It is (was) 之后，其它部分置于that之后。被强调部分可以是主语，宾语，表语或状语。强调的主语如果是人，可以由who代替that。
1. 被强调的成分举例：
　　原句：Tom found my pen in the classroom yesterday.
　　强调主语：It was Tom who / that found my pen in the classroom yesterday.
　　强调宾语：It was my pen that Tom found in the classroom yesterday.
　　强调地点状语：It was in the classroom that Tom found my pen yesterday.
　　强调时间状语：It was yesterday that Tom found my pen in the classroom.
2. 强调句型的一般疑问式：
　　直接把is或was提到it之前即可。如：
　　Was it Tom that found your pen in the classroom yesterday?
3. 强调句型的特殊疑问式：
　　特殊疑问词+ is (was) it + that +句子的其他成分。特殊疑问词即是被强调的成分。如：
　　Who was it that found your pen in the classroom yesterday?
4. that (who) 有时可以省略：
　　这种强调句型中的that或who有时可以省略。如：
　　It was my brother (that / whom) you saw the other day.
5. 强调原因状语从句要注意：
　　若从句由as或since引导，强调时则改为because，这是因为，because引导的原因从句表示的意义非常强烈，符合强调句的目的。例如：
　　As she got up late, she missed the first bus. 变为：
　　It was because she got up late that she missed the bus.
　　6. 强调句的否定转移：
　　有些否定句在变成强调句时，要把否定转移到被强调的词语之前。尤其是not... until...；句式的强调要特别注意。例如：
　　He didn’t realize his mistake until the teacher had told him. 变为：
　　It wasn’t until the teacher had told him that he realized his mistake.
　　【注意】 在强调句式中，虽然not被提前，但not... until...句型不要倒装。
回顾二 倒装句
全部倒装
把谓语全部提到主语前面，叫全部倒装。主要有：
1.there be 句型：
可以用在这类句型中的动词除be外，还可用 live，happen，exist，remain，stand等等作这类句型的谓语。如：
There are many students in the classroom. 教室里有许多学生。
Long, long ago there lived a king who loved horses very much.
很久很久以前，有一位国王，他非常喜欢马。
There happened to be nobody in the bedroom when the fire broke out.
起火的时候，碰巧房间里面没有人。
2.Here/There/Now＋vi.（常为come, go）＋主语（必须是名词）
此句型中here/there用来唤起注意意思是＂喂，注意了＂。如：
Here comes Mary. → I can see Mary coming. 玛丽来了。
There goes the bell. 铃响了。→I can hear the bell ringing.
Here comes the bus. 汽车来了。
There he comes. 他来了。
这种句型不能用现在进行时。
here句中也可用系动词。如：
Here are some story books I want. →Here is what you asked for, or you are looking for. 这就是我要的故事书。（我找了好久）
Here we are. This is the station.咱们到了，这就是火车站。
＂Give me some paper.＂ ＂Here you are.＂＂给我点纸。＂ ＂给你。＂
3.then引起谓语为 come，follow的句子。如：
Then came a new difficulty. 然后产生了一个新的困难。
Then followed eight years of the Anti-Japanese War. 接着是八年抗战。
4.out，in，up, down，away之类的副词作状语放在句首，主语比较长，也就是说主语不能是很短的人称代词，谓语为不及物动词come， go，run，rush，etc。句式为：副词＋ vi.＋主语（必须是名词）。如：
Out rushed the tiger from among the bushes. 老虎从灌木丛里冲了出来。
In came the rose fragrance through the windows. 玫瑰花香透过窗户飘了进来。
5.介词短语作状语放在句首，谓语为不及物动词，主语比较长，也就是说主语不能是很短的人称代词。句式为：介词短语＋vi.＋主语（必须是名词）。如：
In the middle of our school stands a high building.在学校中央有一座高楼。
6.表语放在句首，表语常为形容词、分词、副词、介词短语。要求主语比较长，也就是说主语不能是很短的人称代词。句式为：表语＋系动词＋主语（必须是名词）。
Gone are the days when the teachers were looked down upon.
老师地位低下的年代一去不复返了。
On the both sides of the street are beautiful flowers. 街道两旁有美丽的花。
South of city are two big lakes. 城市的两边有两个大湖。
7.直接引语中间或后面，表示某人说这意思的插入语（特别是谓语较短时）。
＂They must be in the fields now,＂ thought Xiao Lin.＂他们准是下地了。＂小林想道。
＂Help! Help!＂ cried the little girl.小姑娘叫道：＂救命！救命！＂
如果主语不比谓语长，或是它后面有宾语，主语就仍然多放在前面。
＂Take your seats，gentlemen,＂ Wilson shouted.威尔逊嚷道：＂先生们坐好。＂
部分倒装
只把助动词/系动词/情态动词提到主语前面，叫部分倒装。主要有：
1.＂only＋副词/ 介词短语/ 状语从句＂开头的句子。如：
Only then did I realize the importance of English.
直到那时我才意识到英语的重要性。
Only in this way can you make progress in your English.
只有通过这种方式你学英语才会取得进步。
注意：
１）在only＋状语从句＋主句结构中，主句用倒装结构但从句用正常语序。
２）only修饰主语，不倒装。
【典例分析】
Only after talking to two students ________ that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals.
A. I did discover B. did I discover C. I discovered D. discovered
特别提示：
副词only置于句首， 强调方式状语、 条件状语、 地点状语、 时间状语等状语时， 主句要进行部分倒装。 但若位于句首的不是only+状语，而是only+宾语等，通常则无需倒装。
►Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.在被邀请了三次之后，他才出席会议。
►Only in this way can you master English.只有用这种方式你才能掌握英语。
►Only when he returned did we find out the truth.只有当他返回时，我们才能发现真相。
2. 否定词（短语）开头的句子要用部分倒装。
表示否定的副词never，nor，neither，表示半否定意义的副词hardly，few，seldom，little，含有no和not的词组by no means（决不），in no time（很快），at no time（在任何时候都不），（在任何情况下都不）not until，not only...but also，no sooner...than＝hardly...when/scarcely...
即＂否定词＋助动词/情态动词＋主语＋其他＂。如：
Never have I been in this city. 我从没到过这座城市。
Little/Seldom do I watch TV. 我很少看电视。
Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.
直到我参加了工作我才意识到我浪费了多少时间。
注意：
1)关联词的搭配。
2)前一分句倒装，后一分句不倒装。
3. 以so开头，用 ＂so＋助动词/情态动词/系动词＋主语＂表示前面叙述的情况也适合于另一个人或物，意为＂也，同样，也如此＂。表示前面叙述的否定情况也适合于另一个人或物，用＂neither/nor＋助动词/情态动词/系动词＋主语＂。
Society has changed and so have the people in it. 社会变了，人也变了。
注意：
1)当so表示对前句内容的肯定、符合，或进一步强调前面所说的情况，或者赞同前面的说法时，应用自然语序。意为 ＂的确，正是＂。
—Tom works hard. 汤姆工作很卖力。
—So he does and so do you. 的确如此，你也是。
2）倒装部分的助动词、情态动词、连系动词的时态和形式要与前句相一致。
If you don’t go, neither/nor shall I.（If you don’t go, I shall not go.）你不去，我也不去。
注意：表示前面的多种情况也适合于另一人或物，或者既有肯定又有否定情况或涉及到不同类型的动词时可用：It is the same with sth./sb.或 So it is with sth./sb.句型。
She does well in English, but is poor in maths. So it is with Lucy.
她英语学得好，但数学学得差，露茜也是如此。
4.由as引导让步状语从句要用部分倒装或前置。句式为：表语/状语/动词原形＋as＋主语＋其他。如：
Clever as he is，he doesn’t study well.
虽然他很聪明，但他学习不好。
Child as he is， he knows a lot.
虽然他是个孩子，但他懂得不少事情。
Much as I like it，I won’t buy it.
虽然我非常喜欢它，但我不买。
Try as she might， she failed.
虽然她试过了，但还是失败了。
注意：表语前的名词无形容词修饰时冠词要省略
5. 在so...that从句中，如果so＋adj./adv.放在句首，其主句要倒装。
So loudly did he speak that everyone could hear him.
他讲话声音足够大，以至于每个人都能听得见。
【典例分析】
________ about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research.
A. So curious the couple was B. So curious were the couple
C. How curious the couple were D. The couple was such curious
6. 如果虚拟条件句的谓语含有were，should ，were可以把if省略而将这三个词放于条件句主语前构成倒装。
If it hadn’t been for their help, we couldn’t have finished the work on time.
＝Hadn’t it been for their help, we couldn’t have finished the work on time.
要不是由于他们的帮助，我们不可能按时完成那项工作。
If there should be a flood, what would we do?
＝Should there be a flood, what would we do?
要是发了洪水，我们该怎么办呢？
7. 频度副词及短语often, always, now and then, many a time, every other day等放在句首时有时也倒装。
Many a time has he come to comfort me.他来安慰了我好多次。
Often did he warn them not to do so.他经常告诫他们不要那样去做。
8. 某些表示祝愿句子也用倒装语序。
May you succeed. 祝你成功！
Long live the Communist Party of China!中国共产党万岁！
回顾三 祈使句
一、祈使句的句式特征
祈使句常常是表达说话人对对方的劝告、叮嘱、请求或命令等。因此，祈使句中一般没有主语，但根据其句意，实际上是省略了主语you。祈使句句末用感叹号或句号，朗读时，常用降调。在表达请求或劝告时，在祈使句前或句末可加上please，以使句子的语气更加缓和或客气。祈使句一般没有时态的变化，也不能与情态动词连用。
Keep off the grass! 勿踩踏草地！
Put the boxes in the small room. 把那些盒子放到那个小房间里。
二、祈使句的肯定句式
祈使句的肯定句式一般分为以下三种类型：
1. 行为动词原形+其他成分。
Make sentences after the model. 根据例句造句。
2. Be动词+其他成分（形容词、名词或介词短语等）。
Be careful when crossing the street. 过马路时要小心。
3. Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其他成分。
Let him go back now. 让他现在回去吧。
三、祈使句的否定句式
祈使句的否定句式，通常情况下在句首加上Don’t或Never，一般分为以下四种类型：
1. 在祈使句的肯定句式前加Don’t，构成＂Don’t+行为动词原形+其他成分＂。
Don’t say that again! 别再那样说了！
2. 在Be动词引起的肯定祈使句前加Don’t，构成＂Don’t be+其他成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等)＂。
Don’t be careless. 不要粗心。
注意：在这种句型中be不能省略；否定副词not不可置于be之后。
3. Let引起的祈使句的否定形式有两种：(1)Let开头的祈使句，如果后面跟第一、第三人称名词或代词的宾格，可在Let前加Don’t，也可在Let后宾格的名词或代词后面加not。(2)如果以Let’s开头的祈使句，必须在Let’s后加not。
Don’t let me go with her tomorrow. =Let me not go with her tomorrow. 不要让我明天跟她一起去。
Let’s not tell her the truth whenever we meet her. 无论什么时候我们碰到她，都不要告诉她真相。
4. 在公共场合的提示语中，否定祈使句常用＂No+名词/V-ing形式＂结构，表示＂禁止做某事＂。
NO PHOTOS! 禁止拍照!
四、祈使句的反意问句
祈使句的反意疑问句须按其句子结构及讲话人的语气来决定其疑问部分。通常有以下三种形式：
1. 祈使句为肯定句式，其反意疑问句表示请求时，通常用will you；表示邀请、劝说时，用won’t you。
Be sure to write to us, will you? 你一定要给我们写信，好吗？
Come to have dinner with us this evening, won’t you? 今晚来和我们一起吃饭，好吗？
2. 祈使句为否定句式，其反意疑问句通常只用will you。
Don’t smoke in the meeting room, will you? 不要在会议室抽烟，好吗？
3. Let开头的祈使句构成反意疑问句时，除Let’s用shall we外，其他均用will you。
Let the boy go first, will you? 让个那男孩先走，好吗？
Let’s take a walk after supper, shall we? 晚饭后我们去散步，好吗？
五、祈使句的回答
祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作，所以回答祈使句时，一般用will或won’t。在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时，要注意两点：一是＂形式一致＂，即Yes与will保持一致；No与won’t保持一致。二是＂意思相反＂，即Yes是＂不＂的意思；No是＂是＂的意思。在回答时，要注意分析上下文语境中所提供的条件。
—Don’t go out, please. It’s raining heavily outside. 请不要出去。外面雨下得很大。
—Yes, I will. I have to meet my brother at the airport. 不行，我得去机场接我弟弟。
六、祈使句与陈述句的并列使用
祈使句后接陈述句时，须用连接词连接。如果祈使句与陈述句表示的是一种顺承关系时，要用并列连词and来连接；如果祈使句与陈述句存在一种否定条件关系时，要用并列连词or来连接。
Leave it with me and I will see what I can do. 把它留给我吧，我想想有没有办法。
Hurry up, or we’ll be late. 快点，否则我们要迟到了。
七、祈使句与条件状语从句的连用
祈使句与条件状语从句连用时，条件状语从句可置于祈使句前或后。
Tell him to make a phone call to me if he comes here tomorrow. 如果他明天来这儿的话，叫他给我来个电话。
八、祈使句的强调形式
祈使句的强调形式通常在肯定祈使句式前加上助动词Do(Do在句中无意义)。
Do shut up! 快住口！
九、特殊形式的祈使句
在英语中，有些祈使句不是以动词原形来引起一个祈使句，而是以一个名词短语来充当，且后接一个带有并列连接词的分句。实际上，这个充当祈使句的名词短语相当于一个条件状语从句。
More water and the young trees couldn’t have died. =If you had given them more water, the young trees couldn’t have died. 如果你给那些小树多浇点水的话，它们就不会死了。
十、运用祈使句的误区
祈使句往往容易与不定式、分词或条件状语从句相混淆。在平时的练习或测试中，如果稍不留神，就会出错。因此，要认真审题，认真分析句子结构，并根据上下文语境，作出正确判断。
回顾四 感叹句
感叹句表示说话时的惊讶、喜悦、赞赏和愤怒等情绪。大多数感叹句是由what和how引导，其句型结构为＂What(或How)+感叹部分+主语+谓语!＂。也有少量其他形式的感叹句，现一并归纳如下：
　　(1)What 引导的感叹句
　　What用作定语，修饰名词，其引导的感叹句句型结构为：
　　①What+a(an)+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!如：What an orphan he is!他是个多么可怜的孤儿啊!
　　②What+a (an)+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!如：What a beautiful voice she has!她的声音多美啊!
　　③What+形容词+可数名词复数+主语+谓语!如：What kind doctors they are!他们是多好的医生啊!
　　④What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语!如：What good news it is!
　　(2)How引起的感叹句
　　How用作状语，修饰形容词、副词和动词，其引导的感叹句句型结构为：
　　①How+形容词+主语+谓语! How clever you are!
　　②How+副词+主语+谓语! How well she dances!
　　③How +形容词+a(an)+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!如： How good a student he is!
　　④How+主语+谓语!如： How the teachers worked!教师们工作多么努力啊!
　　⑤How+many(few)+可数名词的复数+主语+谓语!如： How many books you have read!
　　⑥How much(little)+不可数名词+主语+谓语!如： How little money the coat cost!
　　(3)＂What+a(an)+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!＂句型可转换为＂How+形容词+a(an)+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!＂句型。如：What a clever boy he is! How clever a boy he is!
　　(4)感叹句常将主语和谓语动词省略，以＂What+名词!＂或＂How+形容词!＂的形式构成。如：
　　What a fine student! What mountains! How wonderful! How brave!
　　(5)其他形式的感叹句
　　有时候，可不用what和how来表示感叹，而用陈述句、疑问句、祈使句，甚至一个词或词组来表示感叹。如：She is such a nice girl!她是一个多好的姑娘啊!(陈述句) Who do you think you are!你算老几!(疑问句) ＂Stop the train! Stop the train!＂(祈使句) Wonderful!(一个词) Happy New Year!(词组)

一、单项选择
1. It is known that water is not an endless resource, ________ can it be made once more, so we should save and protect it.
A. so B. as C. thus D. nor
2. “Only if we give them a high rating online, ________ a refund”, some customers complained.
A. we can get B. can we get
C. we had got D. had we got
3. When I try to understand _____prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect, it seems to me that there are two causes.
A. what it is that B. that it is what C. it is what D. what is it that
4. _____, we don't have to go home on foot.
A. There comes a bus B. Coming a bus there C. There coming a bus D. Because the bus coming
5. If ________to look after luggage for someone else, inform the police at once.
A. ask B. asking C. asked D. to ask
6. It was he ______ read the books in the library yesterday.
A. which B. who C. whose D. whom
7. Here ______ you.
A. is a ticket of B. a ticket is for
C. is a ticket for D. has a ticket of
8. ______ a heavy rain tomorrow morning.
A. There will have B. There will has
C. There is going to have D. There is going to be
9. Only very rarely ________ attack larger mammals.
A. will it be B. it will C. will it D. it will be
10. It was the trip to Tibet three years ago________completely changed his attitude towards life.
A. that B. when C. who D. how
11. ________for the free ticket, I would not have gone to see films so often.
A. If it is not B. Were it not C. Had it not been D. If it has not been
12. My parents always remind us that by no means ________ no respect for our teachers.
A. we show B. did we show
C. should we show D. we should show
13. There is no doubt ________ Dream of Red Mansions(《红楼梦》）is such a good novel that it is worth _______ again and again.
A. if; reading B. whether; being read
C. that; to be read D. that; reading
14. Hearing the cat coming, away ________.
A. ran all the mice B. running all the time
C. all the mice ran D. did all the mice run
15. ________ both sides accept the agreement will a lasting peace be established in this region.
A. As long as B. Only if C. If only D. Unless
16. It was only after experiencing the failure________ he began to train seriously and he won the championship in the 400-metcr freestyle a year later.
A. when B. whether C. that D. which
17. Though________ to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome.
A. surprising B. to surprise C. being surprised D. surprised
18. ________is the power of global warming that the climate goes from one extreme to the other.
A. Such B. This C. That D. So
19. —Will you go to the party?
—Of course I will if ________.
A. invited B. having invited C. I was invited D. I will be invited
20. If Tom’s wife won’t go to the party,________.
A. he will either B. neither will he C. he neither will D. either he will
21. When ________, the two methods can help us save much time and money.
A. being combined B. combined C. to be combined D. combining
22. Only when ________hard________realize your dream of going to a key university.
A. do you study; you can B. you study; you can C. do you study; can you D. you study; can you
23. Do you think ________ true that ________is hard work that leads to success?
A. it; it B. it; what C. that; it D. what; which
24. Anyone, once ______ positive for novel corona-virus, will receive free medical treatment from our government.
A. testing B. being tested C. tested D. to test
25. —He’s been to China.
—___________ I
A. So am B. Nor have C. So have D. Neither do
26. Misunderstandings ________ from lack of social communication, unless ________ properly, may lead to serious problems.
A. arisen; handling B. arising; handled
C. rising; handled D. risen; handling
27. It is what you do rather than what you say __________ matters.
A. that B. what
C. which D. this
28. ______ in the United States, St Louis has now become the 4th largest city.
A. It is the 24th biggest city B. It was the 24th biggest city
C. Once the 24th biggest city D. Before the 24th biggest city
29. He is only too ready to help others, seldom, ____, refusing them when they turn to him.
A. if never B. if ever C. if not D. if any
30. The climate here is quite pleasant, the temperature rarely, ________, reaching 30℃ in summer.
A. if not B. if ever C. if any D. if so
31. Not until many years later_______that many of his neighbors helped him when he suffered the loss of his parents at an early age.
A. he was informed B. he informed
C. was he informed D. did he informed
32. It was not until she collected enough material_______to create her new novel.
A. did she begin B. when she began
C. that she began D. that did she begin
33. —When is he willing to lend somebody some money?
—Only when hard enough.
A. to press B. pressing C. pressed D. presses
34. I didn’t know he was in the company. _______it, I_______then.
A. Had I known; would call on him
B. Should I know; would have called on him
C. If I knew; would call on him
D. Had I known; would have called on him
35. We had no food left in our backpacks, and things worse, it began to pour.
A. making B. to have made C. having made D. to make
36. Only if a teacher gives permission _________ to enter the room.
A. a student is allowed B. is a student allowed
C. does a student allow D. a student allowed
37. ________ in a tiny cabinet were four Mother’s Day poems I’d written for her in the 1960s.
A. Hidden B. Hiding C. Being hidden D. To be hidden
38. The Internet is one of the ways these feelings are conveyed and perhaps never before ______so much to connect different peoples and nations.
A. did it serve B. it has served C. was it served D. has it served
39. ______ the opening ceremony of the first China International Import Expo in Shanghai was President Xi, where he announced new measures to further expand opening-up,
A. Attending B. Attended C. To attend D. Having attended
40. Some institutions have established reading clubs to promote reading, but the effort, though ________, is far from enough.
A. appreciated B. appreciating C. having appreciated D. to appreciate
二、用单词的适当形式完成短文
1
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Teahouses have played an important role in Chinese society since ancient times. But ____41____ the rise of urbanization, people have grown accustomed to a fast-paced lifestyle and a wider variety of entertainment options. So, the old teahouse model ____42____ (become) scarce now.
Meanwhile, Chinese tea culture faces ____43____ (compete) from coffee, milk tea and other fashionable drinks. However, an ____44____ (increase) number of young Chinese tea lovers are rebranding the social value of teahouses. Besides, the demand for tea ____45____ (expect) to increase among younger generations.
“I came here in admiration after seeing many people on social media platforms suggest new Chinese ____46____ (teahouse),” says Liu Dan, a Changsha resident. “I like the age-old teahouse environment, ____47____ the process of boiling water to make tea makes me feel comfortable and ____48____ (relax).”
Some newer Chinese teahouses cater to young people by allowing customers to personalize their tea experience. “Young people are ____49____ (natural) drawn to trendy drinks, but milk tea can also serve as a channel for them to learn about traditional Chinese tea,” says Ting Zhang, a store manager of Guanji Teahouse in Changsha, a hot “check-in” place on Xiaohongshu, ____50____ social media platform.
2
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
As the saying goes, “Laughter is the best medicine.” In troubling times, good humour is in need more than ever. Doctors and medical staff are including it in ____51____ (they)care treatments. One product of this kind is the healthcare clown around the globe. There is even ____52____ organization that sets standards. The European Federation of Healthcare Clown Organizations ____53____ (found)in 2011. It says, “Healthcare clowns, ____54____ make contact through humour, bring moments of happiness to children and some adults with illness or special needs.”
After a COVID-19 ward opened in Jerusalem, one healthcare clown decided to help patients by ____55____ (use)her humour. She wanted to reduce the patients’ ____56____ (anxious)and improve their health. She enjoyed working alongside doctors and said, “ ____57____ (obvious), the doctors take care of the body and we come in and take care of the soul.”
Healthcare clowns are carefully chosen. Professional ____58____ (performer)have to receive special training before working with children in the healthcare environment. “I can see up close the effect the clowns have ____59____ sick children. I could not see a world without them. It’s necessary for the public ____60____ (realize)the role of healthcare clowns,” a doctor said.
3
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Hutongs, or narrow alleys lined by courtyards in downtown Beijing, have been one of the top attractions for most foreign visitors in Being. Recently, a new TV series, ____61____ reflects the change of household and lifestyle in hutongs during the past seven decades, ____62____ (broadcast) on CCTV-8 and streamed via Mango TV and Tencent Video since September 25.
The 36-episode TV series, ____63____ (consist) of three parts, is titled Hutong. It  ____64____ (respective) centers on three female heads of a neighborhood committee in a hutong area in 1950, 1980 and 2019. The first part starred actress Zhao Lusi as a ____65____ (devote) committee director. It tells ____66____ she helps local residents improve their cultural level and leads them to raise donations for supporting the country during a tough time. Casting actor Cai Wenjing as the head of the neighborhood committee, the second story retells the rise of self-employed people, ____67____ dynamic group to make China’s economic progress with the country’s reform and opening-up. ____68____ actress Guan Xiaotong being the Latest neighborhood committee director, the third story centers on the ____69____ (prevent) of illegal constructions to better preserve the hutongs’s historic flavor.
According to Kuyun, a TV rating tracer, the first series of Hutong has reached 1.61 percent of all Chinese television audience with _____70_____ (it) vivid display of the distinctive lifestyle of the Beijing hutong.
4
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
TV Drama Puts Spotlight on Ancient Tea Art
A Dream of Splendor, a 40-episode TV drama ___71___ (stream) on Tencent Video platform, has become a hit recently. The series features China’s traditional tea acrobatics (技巧), which is also one of the intangible cultural heritage ___72___ (item) in China.
Chinese tea culture ___73___ (witness) a long history. Starting from the Tang Dynasty (618-907), it flourished throughout the Song Dynasty,  ___74___ the popular way of having tea became dian cha—a kind of tea art. It is ___75___ delicate technique that starts from pouring hot water over fine powdered tea to make it mushy (糊状的). Then more hot water is added slowly while the tea is ___76___ (constant) stirred by hand with a bamboo stick to create froth (泡沫), which can be used ___77___ (draw) patterns on the surface of it. This action of pouring hot water is called dian, giving this art the name dian cha, while the art of using water to draw on the tea is called chabaixi.
This old practice not only makes drinking tea more ___78___ (enjoy), but also enhances the taste of it. It’s common to see coffee art in modern society,  ___79___ tea art is relatively little-known. This popular TV series brings this intangible cultural heritage to more audiences and ___80___ (spread) traditional Chinese tea culture.
5
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The abacus(算盘) was a great invention in ancient China. It ___81___ (invent) on the basis of small rods (棒). Later, ___82___ the development of productivity, a___83___(big)amount of calculation was in need. And calculation with counting rods limited the calculation. Thus, people invented a more ___84___ (advance) counter — the abacus.
With the application of the abacus, people concluded several abacus rules, making a higher calculating___85___(accurate). By the time of the Ming Dynasty, people could use the abacus on a regular basis, ___86___ improved the calculating efficiency significantly.
It was easy to obtain ___87___ abacus. And it was also easy to remember abacus rules. The abacus was widely used in ancient China. Later, the abacus was ___88___ (wide) used in Japan, Korea and some countries and regions in Southeast Asia.
People find that using abacuses can improve thinking and practical abilities in addition to ___89___(provide) convenient calculation. Since it ___90___ (need) cooperation of mind, eye and hand, it is a good way to improve the comprehensive reaction ability.