2023届高考英语二轮复习代词课件

这是一份2023届高考英语二轮复习代词课件，共44页。PPT课件主要包含了目录CONTENTS等内容，欢迎下载使用。

考点1 人称代词、物主代词和反身代词考点2 不定代词考点3 替代词和指示代词难点1 it的用法难点2 it构成的几个易混淆的句型 难点3 部分否定与全部否定
考点1 人称代词、物主代词和反身代词
人称代词的句法功能。在句中,人称代词作不同的成分对应其不同的格:►We all grew up hearing peple tell us t "g ut and get sme fresh air."人们告诉我们"出去呼吸点新鲜空气",我们都是听着这些长大的。[2019全国Ⅰ](主格We作主语,宾格us作tell的宾语)
特别提醒　　　　　1.在It 强调句型中,若被强调部分是人称代词,作主语用主格,作宾语用宾格。►It was we that met him at the schl gate. (主格we作主语)►It was him that we met at the schl gate.(宾格him作宾语)2.句中没有谓语动词时,人称代词常用宾格。 ►—I'd like t g t climb the muntain this weekend.—Me,t.3.当说话者不清楚或没必要知道谈论对象的性别时,常用it来表示。►What a lvely baby! Is it a by r a girl?
　　物主代词可分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。1.形容词性物主代词相当于形容词:置于名词之前,作定语,不可单独使用。 ►Thse peple are my schlmates.拓展延伸　　含形容词性物主代词的常用结构:1.形容词性物主代词+wn(+名词) 某人自己的(……)►I have my wn rm. ►I need a rm f my wn. 2.形容词性物主代词+v-ing,可作主语或宾语►His being ill made his mther wrried.
2.名词性物主代词相当于"形容词性物主代词+名词":可单独使用(作主语、表语和宾语),也可用"f+名词性物主代词"结构作后置定语。► Yur bike is black. Mine is red. (=My bike is red.)►There is smething wrng with my bike. May I use yurs?(= May I use yur bike?)►Kate went n hliday with a cusin f hers.
1.反身代词可作宾语:常在 enjy, teach, hurt, behave, intrduce(介绍)等动词后作动宾和by, fr, t, in, f等介词后作介宾。 ►He is teaching himself English. ►She was talking t herself.2.反身代词可作同位语:用于加强语气,强调"亲自,本人,亲身"。►He himself went t the bank.3.反身代词可作表语:常用于be, feel, lk, seem等系动词后作表语,表示身体或精神状态。►I'm nt myself tday. ►I am feeling myself again.
归纳总结　 含有反身代词的常用短语1.介词+反身代词：by neself 单独,独自　　 fr neself 亲自,为自己 in neself 本身,本来 t neself 独自拥有的,独享的2.动词+反身代词：enjy neself过得愉快 amuse neself自娱 seat neself就座 bast neself自夸 teach neself自学 express neself表达自己 behave neself举止得 hide neself自己藏 dress neself自己穿衣 apply/devte neself t致力于 feel neself觉得身体好 help neself t随便吃/用 lse neself in沉迷于make yurself at hme不拘束 adapt/adjust neself t使自己适应于
不定代词是高考考查的内容之一,考生一定要注意不定代词在具体语境中的用法。此外,大多数不定代词还可以作限定词(两者在用法上基本是相通的)。下面具体讲解一下常见的不定代词的用法。知识1　either, bth, neither, all, nne, any
考点2 不定代词
►There are tw ways leading t the wds. Either seems (=Bth seem) t be passable. 有两条路通往森林,任何一条/两条似乎都走得通。►Neither f the tw cars is mine.这两辆汽车都不是我的。►All f the fd has gne.所有食物都没了。►Nne f the mney is mine.钱都不是我的。►Mr. Smith refused t accept any f the three suggestins.史密斯先生拒绝接受三条建议中的任何一条。
知识2　the ther, anther, the thers, thers
特别提醒1.the ther还可作定语修饰可数名词,修饰可数名词复数时,表示"其余全部的"。如:the ther bk另一本书　 the ther bks其余的书2.anther也可作定语,后可跟"基数词/few(+可数名词复数)",表示"另外的……"。"anther+基数词+可数名词复数"相当于"基数词+mre+可数名词复数"。►I have been here fr tw weeks and I will stay here fr anther three weeks (=three mre weeks).
知识3　nne, nbdy/n ne, nthing
1.►—Hw much mney d yu have?你有多少钱?—Nne.一点也没有。►—Wh is in the rm?谁在屋里? —N ne/Nbdy.没有人。►—What are yu ding nw?你现在在做什么?—Nthing.什么也没有做。
2.对"sme/any/every+名词"进行全部否定的词是nne;smene/smebdy/everyne/everybdy/anyne/anybdy进行全部否定的词是nbdy/n ne;对smething/anything/everything 进行全部否定的词是nthing。►If I had sme mney, I wuld lend him, but unfrtunately, I have nne.如果我有些钱的话,我会借给他,但不幸的是,我一点钱也没有。
特别提醒1.nne作主语时谓语动词的单复数►We had three cats nce — nne is/are alive 可与f连用,作主语时谓语动词的单复数►Nne f the telephnes is/are wrking.
知识4　many,much,(a)few,(a)little
　　many,much,(a)few,(a)little既可作代词,又可作限定词,总结如下:
►Many wanted t change their life in the twn.►Yu have a lt f free time, but I dn't have much►A lt f guests were invited, but few came.►If yu have any spare milk, culd yu give me a little?
知识5　sme和any
　 sme常用于肯定句,any则常用于否定句和疑问句。►Sme f the milk has gne bad.►I need sme stamps. Are there any in yur bag? 特别提醒　any还可用于肯定句,表示"任一"。►I'll take any yu dn't want.
拓展延伸　sme和any均可作限定词,修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词。1.sme常用于肯定句,any常用于否定句和疑问句。►There's still sme wine in the bttle.►Are there any meat? I didn't eat any 也可用于疑问句。若疑问句表示请求、建议或邀请,或期望得到对方肯定的答复,用sme,不用any。►May I ask yu sme questins? (请求)►Wuld yu like sme cffee? (邀请)
【注意】　sme和any均可修饰可数名词单数。(1)"sme+可数名词单数"表示"某一……"。►Jhn, sme student is waiting fr yu dwnstairs. (2)"any+可数名词单数"表示"任一……"。►Take any bk yu like.
1.each可直接作主语,也可接“f+名词复数”作主语,此时,谓语动词用单数。►Each (f the students) has a 可作同位语,放在主语(复数)后,谓语动词用复数。►They each have a dictinary.
拓展延伸　each还可作限定词,修饰可数名词单数,常与every进行区别辨析:►There are lts f flwers n each side f the rad. 路两边有许多花。►She knws every student in the schl. 她认识学校里的每一个学生。
知识7　复合不定代词
1.常见的复合不定代词2.复合不定代词的基本用法(1)复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。►Everyne knws this. (2)当形容词修饰复合不定代词时,形容词通常后置。►There's smething wrng with the TV.
知识8　不定代词构成的固定搭配
anything but 决不,根本不　　　nthing but 仅仅,只有nne but=nly仅仅,只有 all but几乎,差不多; 除……外全部anybdy/everybdy but除……外的任何人nt anything=nthing没有什么(表示全部否定)nt everything并非每件东西(表示部分否定)nt much f a...不是很好,不怎么样 smething ……诸如此类的什么smething like... 有点像……,大概……,大约……
smething r ther 一件什么东西(事情)smething f a... 有些……,有几分……　►He is anything but a clerk.他根本不是一名职员。►He is a scientist r smething.他是科学家之类的人物。►I have smething like 20 dllars in cash.我大概有20美元现金。►His life is smething f a mystery. 他的生活有几分神秘。
知识1　替代词ne, the ne, that, it
续表
8 [2021江苏海安中学质量监测,58]In Canada,the tipping situatin is very similar t _______ f the US. 解析 分析语境及句子结构,尤其是空后的介词短语f the US,可知此处用that替代前面提到的the tipping situatin,表示同类事物。故填that。 9 The Chinese have knwn abut the benefits f green tea since ancient times, and they use _______ t treat varius diseases such as headaches and depressin. 解析 句意:自古以来中国人就知道绿茶的好处,并用绿茶来治疗各种疾病,如头痛和抑郁症。此处指代的是前面提到的green tea,故用it。
知识2　指示代词this, that, these, thse
1.指代前面提到过的事物,常用that或thse,起"承上"的作用;指代将要提及的事物,常用this或these,起"启下"的作用。►He was ill.That's why he didn't cme.►What d yu think f this? Jack brke my camera,but he refused t pay fr the repairs.(此句中this指代下文将要提到的事物,不能换成that)2.在打电话时,用this来介绍自己,用that来询问对方。►Hell. This is Tm. Wh is that speaking?
3.含有this, that的习惯用法。 知识3　指示代词such和the same 1.such指代如前所述的那样的人或事物。►Such is Albert Einstein, a simple man with great achievements.这就是阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦,一个简朴而又成就卓越的人。2.the same指同样的人或事物。 ►The same happened nce.同样的事情曾经发生过。
难点1 it的用法
1.it作形式主语it可以作形式主语,而把真正的主语后置。常用it作形式主语的句型有: (1)It+be+adj.+(fr sb.) t d sth.常用于此句型的形容词有:easy, difficult, hard, necessary, unnecessary, pssible等。►It is necessary t change yur jb.(2)It takes/tk sb.+一段时间+t d sth. 表示"做某事花费某人多长时间"。►It tk us half an hur t get t the twn.
(3)It+be+adj.+f sb. t d sth. 此句型中的形容词通常描述人的性格、品质等。常用于该句型的形容词有: kind, nice, wise, silly, plite, implite, friendly, flish, clever等。►It is friendly f the family t try t make me feel at hme.(4)It+be+n.+(fr sb./sth.)t d sth.常用于此句型的名词(短语)有: pity, shame, pleasure, fun, jy, gd/bad manners等。►It is bad manners fr the yung t take up the seats fr the ld.
(5)It+be+adj./n.+ding sth.常用于此句型的形容词和名词(短语)有: useless, fun, n/little use, n/much gd等。►It's n use crying ver spilt milk.为打翻的牛奶哭泣是没有用的。(覆水难收,悔恨无益。)(6)It+be+adj./n.+主语从句.在"It is necessary/imprtant+that从句"中,从句的谓语常用"shuld+动词原形",且shuld可以省略。►It's necessary and imprtant that ne shuld master the skills f perating cmputers.
(7)It+be+过去分词+that从句.say, reprt, think, believe, hpe, expect, agree, accept, decide, intend, plan, understand, knw, demand, request, require, rder, suggest, advise, recmmend等动词的过去分词常用于此句型。►It is reprted that anther satellite has been in rbit.特别提醒　 在"It's suggested/advised/ rdered/ requested/ insisted(坚决要求)/required/demanded+that从句"中,从句要用虚拟语气,即从句谓语要用"shuld+动词原形",shuld可省略。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
(8)It makes n difference/desn't matter+主语从句.►It makes n difference t me whether yu g r nt.你去或不去对我来说无所谓。(9)It seems/appears/happens+that从句.►It seemed that she had made sme mistakes in the design f the machine.她好像在机器的设计上出了一些错误。
2.it作形式宾语 (1)当宾语是动词-ing、动词不定式或that从句,且其后有宾语补足语时,为了保持句子结构的平衡,通常用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语置于句末。常用结构是:find/feel/think/believe/cnsider/make等+it+宾补+动词-ing/动词不定式/that从句。 ►I feel it hard t climb the muntain.►We find it useless waiting here all the time.
(2)某些及物动词(短语)后不能直接跟从句。此时应先用it作形式宾语,然后接宾语从句。常用结构是:hate/like/appreciate/depend n等+it+从句。►I wuld appreciate it if yu paid in cash. ►Yu may depend n it that all the gds will be shipped abrad in 构成强调句(It is/was…that/wh…)►It was I that/wh tld him abut it.是我告诉他这件事的。(it构成强调句型的具体用法详见"强调句型")
4.it的特殊用法 (1)it指天气、时间、环境、距离等 ►It is a lvely day tday, isn't it? ►It was nearly midnight when she came back.►It was very quiet in the cafe.►It is half an hur's walk t the city centre. (2)含有it的固定结构as it is事实上　　　　　　as sb. puts it 正如某人所说It depends.视情况而定。 Dn't mentin it.不客气。 
Take it easy.别紧张。 believe it r nt 信不信由你 see t it that…确保…… make it 成功,做到mean it说话算数 can't help it无能为力 call it a day到此为止 g fr it 大胆试一试take it fr granted that…认为……是理所当然的(3)it可以用来替代整个句子或句中谓语部分所表示的意思。►Mrs. Andersn is already past fifty, but she desn't lk it.安德逊夫人已经年过五十,可是看上去不像。
难点2 it构成的几个易混淆的句型
1.It+be+时间段+since引导的状语从句 "自……以来已多久了"。表示现在的情况时,主句多用一般现在时或现在完成时,从句多用一般过去时;表示过去的情况时,主句用一般过去时,从句用过去完成时。 ►It is three years since his father passed away.►It was 10 years since they had married. 2.It+be+时间段+befre引导的状语从句 过了...才...该句型中的"时间段"一般为sme time,…years,…mnths,…weeks,…days, …hurs, …minutes等。
主句可用一般过去时或一般将来时(will be):若主句用一般过去时,befre从句用一般过去时;若主句用一般将来时,befre从句常用一般现在时。 ►It was sme time befre I knew the truth.过了一段时间我才了解到真相。►It will be many years befre the situatin imprves.这种状况要过许多年才能得到改善。
3.It+be+时间点+when引导的状语从句 该句型中, it 指时间,而且表示时间点的词语前没有介词(时间一般为具体时间)。主句的谓语动词和从句的谓语动词在时态上一般是一致的,但若主句用将来时,从句常用一般现在时代替将来时。►It was already 8 'clck when we gt hme.►It will be next mrning when we finish ur wrk.
4.It+be+(high/abut)time+(that)引导的从句 "是做……的时候了"。从句要用虚拟语气,即从句的谓语动词用过去式(be动词用were)或"shuld+动词原形", shuld不可省略。  ►It is high time (that) she called her mther. 5.It+be+the first/secnd/third…time+(that)引导的从句"这/那是某人第几次做某事"。►It was the fifth time (that) he had paid a friendly visit t Africa.