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专题19 句型转换100题(知识讲解 重点训练)-2023年九年级英语上学期期末复习查缺补漏冲刺满分(人教版)
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(重点知识+难点易错点)
专题19 句型转换100题
主动句变被动句
主动句变被动句第一步:要看时态,时态必须保持一致。第二步:把主动句的宾语改为被动句的主语,谓语动词由主动形式改为被动形式,主动句的主语成为介词by的宾语,放在句尾。
People keep sheep for producing wool.
Sheep for producing wool people.
答案解析:在主动句中people 是主语,是动词keep动作的执行者,sheep就是keep的承受者。在变被动语态时,把主动句中的宾语sheep变成被动句中的主语,主动句中的主语变被动句的宾语,其前加介词by。谓语动词变过去分词。故正确答案为:are,kept,by。
单数句子变复数句子
单数句子变复数句子就是把句在中的名词或代词变成复数形式。如果主语变成了复数,相应地谓语动词也要注意其变化。如:
This is an English book.(变复数句子)
___ ___ ___ English _____.
解析:主语this应变为these。因此谓语动词由单数is变为复数are; an变为some用在肯定句中。名词book由单数变为books复数形式。
对划线部分提问
做题步骤:
1. 把原句改为一般疑问句;
2. 根据划线部分内容确定相对应的特殊疑问词并放于句首;
3. 省略划线部分(若划线部分是动名词、动词或动词词组则不能省略,要用doing或do代替划线部分),其余部分照抄。
若句子中有some要改为any,第一人称要改为第二人称。
(句尾问号别掉哦~)
Tim looks like his father.
____ _____ Tim _____ like?
解析:在原句中look是系动词,his father 指人做look的表语,对其提问故用who。语序为一般疑问句语序。根据时态是现在时因此助动词用does,系动词looks变为原形look.正确答案为:Who; does ;look.
同义句的相互转换
这是句子改写的一种重要形式,它涉及面广,语言点多,方式灵活,是中考命题的热点。同义句的相互转换除了考查主动句与被动句,复合句与简单句之间的转换,直接引语变间接引语外,还有一些词或短语的替换,仅仅通过替换几个词或短语,而使句子意思不变,就能达到异曲同工之妙。
(1) The snow was heavy last night.(改写同义句)
It snowed heavily last night.
思路解析:在(1)中snow是名词在句中做主语,was是be动词后跟形容词做表语。在(2)中snow是谓语动词,动词用副词来修饰。在本题中snow是多义词。
肯定句变否定句
A. 含有be动词(am/is/are)或情态动词(can/must...)的句子,直接在be动词或情态动词后加上not。
B. 含有实义动词(大部分动词)的句子:如果句子主语是第三人称单数,在实义动词前加上doesn’t,动词还原;如果句子主语不是第三人称单数,在实义动词前加上don’t。
肯定句变否定句时,如果肯定句中有some,要把some改为any。
1.He improves his English by joining an English club. (对划线部分提问)
________ ________ he improve his English?
2.The food is delicious. (变感叹句)
________ ________ the food is!
3.Where is the post office? Could you tell me?(合为一句)
Could you tell me ______ the post office ______?
4.Is she good at English? Do you know? (合为一句)
Do you know _______ she ______ good at English?
5.我想知道他为什么这么生气。(完成译句)
I ________ ________ he is so angry.
句型转换
6.To improve my speaking skills, I listen to tapes every day.(改为同义句)
I improve my speaking skills _________ _________ _________ tapes every day.
7.He didn’t go to school because he was ill.(改为同义句)
He didn’t go to school _________ _________ his illness.
8.What about borrowing some money from your friend?(改为同义句)
_________ _________ borrow some money from your friend?
9.He got up early in order to catch the early bus.(改为同义句)
He got up early _________ _________ he could catch the early bus.
10.He was too tired to move.(改为同义句)
He was _________ _________ _________ he couldn’t move.
11.The football match is very exciting. (改写成感叹句)
________ ________ exciting football match it is !
12.Hou Yi was very sad and he called out her name to the moon every night. (写同义句)
Hou Yi was ________ sad ________ he called out her name to the moon every night.
13.“ Betty, please help me carry the box,” said Susan. (写同义句)
Susan ________ Betty ________ help her carry the box.
14.I want to know if Lily does well in singing. (写同义句)
I ________ if Lily is ________ at singing.
15.The teacher said to the students, “ The sun is bigger than the moon.” (写同义句)
The teacher told the students ________ the sun _______ bigger than the moon.
句型转换
16.What a beautiful park it is!(改为同义句)
__________ __________ the park is!
17.(易错题)It is exciting news.(改为感叹句)
__________ __________ __________ it is!
18.“Is he a doctor?” I wonder.(改为含宾语从句的复合句)
I wonder __________ __________ __________ a doctor.
19.My father said to me, “The earth goes round the sun.”(改为含宾语从句的复合句)
My father said to me __________ the earth __________ round the sun.
20.Jim is going to Japan in two days.(对画线部分提问)
__________ __________ is Jim going to Japan?
根据括号内的要求完成下列各题,每空一词。
21.Alex will give the book to his cousin. (对划线部分提问)
_______ _______ will Alex give the book?
22.Excuse me, is there a supermarket nearby? (改为同义句)
_______ _______, is there a supermarket nearby?
23.Holly thinks the football match is more exciting than the volleyball match.(改为同义句)
Holly thinks the volleyball match is _______ _______ than the football match.
24.Whose mobile phone is on the sofa? Mom asked. (合并为含有宾语从句的复合句)
Mom asked _______ mobile phone _______ on the sofa.
25.How did they go to the zoo? Tim wondered. (合并为含有宾语从句的复合句)
Tim wondered _______ _______ _______ _______ the zoo.
句型转换
26.Go past the bank and take the first crossing on your left.(改为同义句)
_________ the bank and _________ _________ at the first crossing.
27.I don’t know how I can get the stamp.(改为简单句)
I don’t know _________ _________ _________ the stamp.
28.When does he come back? Please tell me.(改为含宾语从句的复合句)
Please tell me _________ _________ _________ _________.
29.It seems that Mike has few friends.(改为同义句)
Mike seems _________ _________ few friends.
30.I think you should tell your father the truth.(改为否定句)
I _________ think you _________ tell your father the truth.
句型转换
31.Water covers most of the earth’s surface.(改为被动语态)
Most of the earth’s surface __________ ____________ by water.
32.The boy eat two bananas each day. (改为被动语态)
Two bananas _________ ___________ the boy each day.
33.The postman brings some newspapers to my home every week.(改为被动语态)
Some newspapers __________ __________to my home every week by the postman.
34.We celebrate the Spring Festival every year.(改为被动语态)
The Spring Festival __________ __________ us every year.
35.My parents don’t use silver chopsticks.(改为被动语态)
Silver chopsticks __________ __________ __________ by my parents.
36.The teacher sees his students as his own children.(改为被动语态)
The students ___________ __________ ___________the teacher as his own children.
37.Sometimes we use mobile phones to take pictures instead of cameras.(改为被动语态)
Sometimes mobile phones _________ _________to take pictures instead of cameras.
38.We use the camera to take photos.(改为被动语态)
The camera _____________ _____________to take photos by us.
39.This orphan is taken care of by an old lady.(改为一般疑问句)
__________ this orphan __________ care of by an old lady?
40.The rice is grown in the south of China.(对划线部分提问)
_____________ _____________ the rice _____________?
句型转换
41.Whatever you do, I will try to help you.(改为同义句)
____ ____ ____ you do, I will try to help you.
42.They send the apples to the factory for processing.(改为被动语态)
The apples ____ ____ to the factory for processing.
43.China is famous for the Great Wall.(改为同义句)
China is ____ ____ the Great Wall.
44.Do you wash the dishes every day?(改为被动语态)
____ the dishes ____ by you every day?
45.What language do people speak in that country?(改为被动语态)
What language ____ ____ in that country?
句型转换
46.Potato chips were invented by mistake.(对画线部分提问)
________ ________ potato chips ________?
47.John went to bed after he finished his homework.(改为同义句)
John ________ go to bed ________ he finished his homework.
48.They didn't clean the classroom last week.(改为被动语态)
The classroom ________ ________ last week.
49.The hot ice-cream scoop is used for serving really cold ice-cream.(对画线部分提问)
________ ________ the hot ice-cream scoop ________ ________?
50.People believe that the story is true.(改为同义句)
________ ________ ________ that the story is true.
按要求完成句子
51.You should finish the work at the end of the week.(改为被动语态)
The work should __________ __________ at the end of the week.
52.We can use the water for washing rice again to water flowers. (改为被动语态)
The water for washing rice can __________ __________ again to water flowers by us.
53.Tom is a man. He is eighteen years old.(合并为一句)
Tom is __________ __________ man.
54.My parents don't allow me to go out on school nights.(改为被动语态)
I __________ not __________ to go out on school nights by my parents.
55.I think the old must be looked after well.(改为同义句)
I think the old must be __________ __________ __________ __________.
按要求完成句子
56.Mary is allowed to practice playing the piano every day by her parents.(改为同义句)
Her parents _________ _________ _________ _________ playing the piano every day.
57.My son brushes his teeth every morning.(改为被动语态)
His teeth _________ _________ by my son every morning.
58.You must get up as early as possible.(改为同义句)
You must get up _________ _________ _________ _________ _________.
59.My aunt paid $300 for the computer yesterday. (改为同义句)
My aunt _________ $300 _________ the computer yesterday.
60.Very few people can become famous scientists.(改为反意疑问句)
Very few people can become famous scientists, _________ _________?
把下列简单句改为含定语从句的复合句。
61.I'll never forget the farm. I visited it in 2003.
I'll never forget the farm ________ ________ __________in 2003.
62.The building is a middle school. It stands near the post office.
The building ________ ________ near the post office __________a middle school.
63.The man teaches us English. He comes from Hainan.
The man ________ ________ ________ ________comes from Hainan.
64.The book is interesting. You lent it to me yesterday.
The book __________ __________ __________ to me yesterday is interesting.
65.My grandfather doesn't like these songs. These songs are too long.
My grandfather doesn't like these songs __________ __________too long.
按要求完成下列句子。
66.China is a great country with a long history of 5, 000 years. (改为同义句)
China is a great country________ ________a long history of 5, 000 years.
67.He likes singers. They write their own songs. (改为含定语从句的主从复合句)
He likes singers________ ________their own songs.
68.I like English better than math. (改为同义句)
I ________ English ________ math.
69.Mike likes the movies that make him happy. (改为同义句)
Mike likes the movies that ________ him________.
70.Linda likes clothes. The clothes are unusual. (改为含定语从句的主从复合句)
Linda likes clothes________ ________unusual.
句型转换。
71.This isTom’sbike.(就画线部分提问)
_______ bike is this?
72.This book is Mary’s.(改为同义句)
This book ________ _________ Mary.
73.Tina can sing. She can dance.(合为一句话)
Tina can ______ _______ sing _______ ______ dance.
74.Healthy lifestyle can prevent children from catching common diseases.(改为同义句)
Healthy lifestyle can ______ children _______catching common diseases.
75.He must be at work at the moment.(改为否定句)
He_______ be at work at the moment.
76.This person must be a Chinese teacher. (改为否定句)
This person _________ be a Chinese teacher.
77.The dictionary might belong to Carla.(改为同义句)
The dictionary might be _________.
78.That woman could cry for help. (改为进行时态)
That woman could _______ __________ for help.
79.May be there is something strange in the sky. (改为同义句)
There __________ _________ something strange in the sky.
80.The man could be running for exercise. (对划线部分提问)
_________ _________ the man be running for?
81.The man outside the door must be Mr. Green.(改否定)
The man outside the door _____ ____ Mr. Green.
82.Do you know whose the computer is ? (写同义句)
Do you know _____ the computer ________ ________?
83.He didn`t go to school because it rained heavily. (写同义句)
He didn`t go to school ______ ______ the _______ rain.
84.This may be Jim`s pen (就划线部分提问) ______ ________ may this be?
85.There are some children who are playing on the playground. (改为同义句)
There are some children ___________ on the playground.
句型转换
86.To go out with strangers is dangerous.(改为同义句)
________ ________to go out with strangers.
87.My brother wants to learn some table manners in England.(对画线部分提问)
________ ________your brother want to learn?
88.He hopes that he will be an astronaut in the future.(改为同义句)
He ________ ________be an astronaut in the future.
89.If there were no water, fish couldn't live.(改为同义句)
Fish couldn't_________ ________ water.
90.They used to be very outgoing.(改为一般疑问句)
________they ________ to be very outgoing?
句型转换
91.People in China are supposed to shake hands when they meet friends.(对画线部分提问)
________ ________ people in China supposed ________ ________ when they meet friends?
92.It is impossible that he can lift such a heavy box.(改为同义句)
It is impossible ________ ________ ________ ________ such a heavy box.
93.You shouldn't make a noise while eating noodles.(改为同义句)
You ________ ________ ________ make a noise while eating noodles.
94.He looks forward to meeting her again.(改为同义句)
He ________ ________ ________ her again.
95.You should come here as soon as you can.(改为同义句)
You should come here as soon as ________.
96.Both his parents and he have heard about the program before. (改为否定句)
________his parents__________he________heard about the program before.
97.The music is so sad that it makes me want to leave. (改为简单句)
The music is________ _________ _________make me want to leave.
98.The loud music made the baby cry.(改为被动语态)
The baby was made________ ________by the loud music.
99.He looks sad because he lost his bike.(就画线部分提问)
_________ _________he look sad?
100.I want to stay at home with my parents at weekends. (改为同义句)
I________ ________ ________at home with my parents at weekends.
参考答案
1.How does
2.How delicious
3.where is
4.if/whether is
5.wonder why
【解析】
【分析】
试题分析:
1.根据划线部分是by joining an English club可知用how来提问。故答案是How does。
2.根据题意可知感叹句的构成是How+形容词+主语+be。故答案是How delicious。
3.根据题意可知是改成宾语从句用where引导且要用陈述的语序。故答案where is
4.根据题意可知是改成宾语从句,注意用if或whether来引导;故填if/whether is
5.根据汉语提示及语境可知I wonder表示我想知道,根据汉语提示是why引导的宾语从句。故答案是wonder why。
考点:单词拼写。
6. by listening to
7. because of
8. Why not
9. so that
10. so tired that
【解析】
6.由原句句意“为了提高我说的技能,我每天听磁带。”可知,听磁带是我提高说的技能的方式。故用“by+v.-ing”结构表示方式;by doing sth.通过做某事。故答案:(1). by (2). listening (3). to 。
7.because因为,后跟句子;because of因为,介词短语,后跟名词(短语)或代词等。空格后的his illness是名词短语,不是句子,故用because of。故答案:(1). because (2). of 。
8.“What about doing sth.”与“Why not do sth.?”都是表示向对方提出建议的句型,可以进行同义句转换。故答案:(1). Why (2). not 。
9.in order to do sth.为了做某事;so that意为“为了;以便”,后面接目的状语从句。故答案:(1). so (2). that 。
10.原句中too...to...表示太……不能……,可与so...that...进行同义句转换;其中,so后跟形容词或副词,that引导从句。故答案:(1). so (2). tired (3). that。
11. What an
12. so that
13. told/asked to
14. wonder good
15. that is
【解析】
11.根据名词词组exciting football match,可知本句使用what引导感叹句;exciting第一个音素是元音元音,所以使用an。所以答案为:What an。
12.原句意“后羿很伤心,每天晚上都向月亮喊她的名字”, 句型 “so+形容词/副词+that+句子” 如此...以至于..., 引导结果状语从句。所以答案为:so,that。
13.原句意:“贝蒂,请帮我搬这个箱子,”苏珊说,也就是说“苏珊告诉/让贝蒂帮她提箱子”。tell/ask sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事,told是tell的过去式,asked是ask的过去式。根据语境可知,本句使用一般过去时态。所以答案为:told/asked;to。
14.原句意:我想知道莉莉唱歌唱得好不好。wonder动词,想知道,与want to know意思相近。be good at擅长与“do well in”意思相近。所以答案为: wonder;good。
15.原句意:老师对学生说:“太阳比月亮大”。可以把原句改为宾语从句,that为宾从句的引导词;当宾语从句陈述的内容为“真理、客观事实”时,其时态始终用一般现在时态,所以使用be动词is。所以答案为:that;is。
16. How beautiful
17. What exciting news
18. if/whether he is
19. that goes
20. How soon
【解析】
16.句意:它是多么美丽的公园啊!
what引起的感叹句可与how引起的感叹句相互转换,只是what后的中心词为名词,how后的中心词为形容词或副词。故这里填How beautiful。
17.句意:它是一个令人兴奋的消息。
题干中news为不可数名词,在改为感叹句时用What +adj.+不可数名词+主语+谓语!的结构,注意切勿加冠词an。故填What exciting news。
18.句意:“他是一个医生吗?”我想知道。
一般疑问句改为宾语从句时,引导词用if或whether,宾语从句用陈述语序,故填if/whether he is。
19.句意:我的爸爸对我说:“地球围着太阳转。”
陈述句改为宾语从句时,应用that引导,当宾语从句表达客观真理时,时态不受主句影响,常用一般现在时,故第二个空填goes。
20.句意:Jim打算两天后去日本。
句中划线部分以外“两天后”,对in+一段时间提问,用疑问短语how soon,意为“多久”。
【点睛】
这个题目是句型转换,考查了同义句、感叹句、宾语从句和特殊疑问句。第3小题和第4小题考查的是宾语从句,即把原来的直接引语变为间接引语,应根据直接引语的句式分成三种:1.直接引语的祈使句,应把其变为tell/ask/order sb. to do sth.这一句型;2.直接引语是陈述句,应将其变为that引导的宾语从句,如第4小题,这个题目还应注意宾语从句中表达的是客观真理,从句中的时态不受主句的影响,应用一般现在时。3.直接引语的疑问句:(1)是一般疑问句,应将其变为whether或if引导的宾语从句;(2)特殊疑问句,应将其变为特殊疑问句引导的宾语从句。这两个句式都应注意语序的改变,在宾语从句中应用陈述语序。如第3小题,应填whether/if he is。
21. To whom
22. Pardon me
23. less exciting
24. whose was
25. how they went to
【分析】
21.句意:亚历克斯将把这本书给他的表弟。对某人提问用疑问词who或whom,此处用whom作介词to的宾语,故答案为(1). To (2). whom。
22.句意:打扰了,附近有超市吗?Excuse me一般用在打扰别人或麻烦别人做某事之前,表示说话者对受话者的尊敬和礼貌。Pardon me 也有类似的用法。
23.句意:霍莉认为这场足球赛比排球赛更激动人心。more exciting更令人兴奋的,是exciting的比较级形式,当两个比较的对象交换位置时,就用降级比较less exciting,意思是“不够兴奋的”。
24.句意:“谁的手机在沙发上?”妈妈问。whose作为宾语从句的引导词,在从句中作定语,宾语从句的时态受主句一般过去时态的影响,is要变为was,故答案为(1). whose (2). was 。
25.句意:他们是怎么去动物园的?提姆想知道。原句是特殊疑问句,原来的特殊疑问词how作为宾语从句的引导词,宾语从句的主语是they,语序要用陈述句的语序,时态为一般过去时,故答案为(1). how (2).they (3). went (4). to
点睛:宾语从句是中考必考的语法项目,主要考查三个方面的内容:语序,连接词和时态。
1. 语序 无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句,宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序,即“主句+连词+宾语从句(主语+谓语+……)”句式。
2. 连接词 1)当由陈述句充当宾语从句时,用that引导,that无词义,在口语或非正式文体中常省略。
2)当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时,用if或whether引导,意为“是否”。
3)如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句,只需用原来的特殊疑问词引导。
3. 时态 含宾语从句的复合句,主、从句谓语动词的时态呼应包括以下三点内容:
1)如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时,从句的谓语动词可根据需要,选用相应的任何时态。
2)如果主句的谓语动词是过去时,宾语从句的谓语动词只可根据需要,选用过去时态即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时的某一种形式。
3)如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等,不管主句用什么时态,从句时态都用一般现在时。
26. Pass turn left
27. how to get
28. when he comes back
29. to have
30. don’t should
【解析】
26.原句go past意思是“经过”,相当于pass;take the first crossing on your left(在你左边的第一个十字路口拐弯)意思是turn left at the first crossing(在第一个十字路口向左转)。本句是祈使句结构,动词需用原形;and连接并列结构,根据句意结构,可知填(1). Pass (2). turn (3). left。
27.原句特殊疑问句how I can get the stamp是宾语从句,可换用“疑问词+不定式”结构做动词know的宾语。根据句意结构,可知填(1). how (2). to (3). get。
28.tell sb. sth.告诉某人某事,固定结构。When does he come back?是问时间的特殊疑问句,可做动词tell的间接宾语。宾语从句需用陈述句语序,根据句意结构,可知填(1). when (2). he (3). comes (4). back。
29.seem to do看起来似乎,固定结构。has的原形动词是have,根据句意结构,可知填(1). to (2). have。
30.本句动词是think(believe, except等),其后接一个否定意义的宾语从句时,其否定通常转移到主句。I是第一人称,需用助动词do加not即don’t构成否定句。根据句意结构,可知填(1). don’t (2). should。
【点睛】
句型转换,综合考查句式结构,动词形式、时态和语态,需要考生结合句子的主语确定动词形式,根据时间状语的提示确定时态,根据主语和动词之间的关系确定语态。同时注意各种从句和固定句式的运用。例如小题2,原句特殊疑问句how I can get the stamp是宾语从句,可换用“疑问词+不定式”结构做动词know的宾语。根据句意结构,可知填,how; to; get。
31. is covered with
32. are eaten
33. are brought
34. is celebrated
35. are not used
36. are seen by
37. are used
38. is used
39. Is taken
40. Where is grown
【分析】
请在此填写整体分析!
31.解析:句意:水覆盖了地球表面的大部分。此处表示一般常识,故应该用一般现在时。
一般现在时被动语态的构成是:主语+am/is/are+动词的过去分词,主语是Most of the earth’s surface,be动词用is,cover的过去分词是covered。故答案填(1). is (2). covered
32.解析:句意:这男孩每天吃两根香蕉。根据题干可知应该用一般现在时的被动语态,其构成为“be+动词过去分词”,two bananas为复数,所以be用are,eat的过去分词为eaten。故答案填(1). are (2). eaten
33.解析:句意:邮递员每周给我家里送一些报纸。根据题干可知应该用一般现在时的被动语态,主语为复数,bring的过去分词为brought。故答案填(1). are (2). brought
34.解析:句意:我们每年都庆祝春节。根据题干可知应该用一般现在时的被动语态,谓语动词用is ,celebrate的过去分词为celebrated。故答案填(1). is (2). celebrated
35.解析:句意:我父母不用银制的筷子。根据题意可知应该用一般现在时的被动语态,Silver chopsticks为复数,所以be用are。一般现在时被动语态的否定句直接在be后加not即可,use的过去分词为used。故答案填(1). are (2). not (3). used
36.解析:句意:老师把他的学生看作自己的孩子。根据题意可知应该用一般现在时的被动语态,The students为复数,所以be用are。see…by “被..看成”see的过去分词为seen。故答案填(1). are (2). seen (3). by
37.解析:句意:有时我们使用手机拍照而不是相机。根据题干可知描述的是客观事实,故用一般现在时态。主语phones是复数,所以be用are,use的过去分词为used。故答案填(1). are (2). used
38.解析:句意:我们使用相机拍照。根据句子中“use”可知本句是一般现在时,一般现在时被动语态的构成是:主语+am/is/are+动词的过去分词,被动语态的主语 “The camera” 是第三人称单数,所以be用is,use的过去分词为used。故答案填(1). is (2). used
39.解析:句意:这个孤儿被一个老太太照料。变一般疑问句的方法:将系动词、助动词或情态动词提到主语之前,分析句子可知,这是一个含有被动语态的句子,句中有系动词is,所以要将系动词is提到主语this orphan之前。故答案填(1). Is (2). taken
40.解析:句意:这种大米生长在中国的南部。根据题干可知对划线部分in the south of China提问用特殊疑问词where,分析句子可知,这是一个含有被动语态的句子,句中有系动词is,所以变一般疑问句要将系动词is提到主语the rice之前。故答案填(1). Where (2). is (3). grown
点睛:本题主要考查主动语态变为被动语态。首先要知道被动语态的构成1、助动词be+及物动词的过去分词2、情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词。然后再按下面的步骤完成即可。第一步是把主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语;第二步是把主动句的谓语变成“be+过去分词”,be时态要与原句保持一致;第三步是把主动句的主语变为by的宾语,放在被动句的谓语之后,by短语可以省略。如,第8题,根据主动语态和被动语态句子的对照,主动语态中的宾语the camera变为了被动语态中的主语,主动语态中的主语变为了被动语态中的宾语by us,缺少第二步主动句的谓语变成“be+过去分词”,而主动语态中的谓语动词是“use”,其过去分词为used,故答案填(1). is (2). used
41. No matter what
42. are sent
43. known for
44. Are washed
45. is spoken
【分析】
41.根据上下句,whatever=no matter what,且位于句首,故填No matter what。
42.根据上下句,被动语态的结构为be done,且apples为复数,故填are sent。
43.根据上下句,be known for=be famous for。故填known for。
44.根据上下句,被动语态结构为be done,且dishes为复数,故填Are washed。
45.根据上下句,被动语态结构为be done,且language为单数,故填is spoken。
46. How were invented
47. didn't until
48. wasn't cleaned
49. What is used for
50. It is believed
【解析】
46.对画线句子提问是变特殊疑问句的一种提问方式,特殊疑问句=特殊疑问词+一般疑问句,在本题中“by mistakes错误地”,应该用hou来代替,剩下的句子变成一般疑问句。这里将助动词ware提前,谓语动词不变,故填:How,were,invented。
47.句意:他昨晚直到做完作业后才去睡觉了。
根据句意可知,因为原句是一般过去时,结合词组not...yntil(直到...才)可知,第一个空格要填didn't,第二个空格要填until,符合要求,故填:didn’t,until。
48.原句句意:他们上周没有打扫教室。被动句句意:上周教室没有被打扫。
考查被动语态,由yesterday昨天,可知,用一般过去时态的被动语态。结构是was/were+动词的过去分词,主语classroom教室,单数,用was,否定形式在was后加not,缩写为wasn't,clean的过去分词是cleaned打扫,故填:wasn't ,cleaned。
49.本题考查特殊疑问句,由画线部分serving really cold ice-cream,可知讲的是热冰激凌勺的用途,所以疑问词用what,再把剩余部分变为一般疑问句,直接把is提前,故填:What;is;used;for。
50.考查“it is believed that…”的句型。It是形式主语,真正的主语是that从句,it’s believed that…是指that引导的从句是被大家公信的,所以用被动语态(be+v.过去分词),从上句believe和is可知时态为一般现在时,故填:It;is;believed。
51. be finished
52. be used
53. an eighteen-year-old
54. am allowed
55. taken good care of
【分析】
51.句意:你应该在这周末完成这项工作。这句话中主语变成了动作的承受者the work,因此和动词finish构成了被动关系,应使用被动语态,空前有情态动词should,故填be finished。
52.句意:我们能用洗米水再去浇花。根据句意可知,原句中动作的承受者the water for washing rice成为了句子的主语,因此和动词构成了被动关系,所以这句话应使用被动语态,空前有情态动词can,含有情态动词的被动语态是情态动词+be+动词的过去分词。故填be used。
53.句意:Tom是一个男人,他18岁了。此题要求我们将这两句话合并成为一句话,因此我们可以说Tom是一个18岁的男人,eighteen-year-old是合成词,18岁的,作定语,修饰名词man。因为第一个音是元音/ei/,故用不定冠词an修饰。
54.句意:我的父母不允许我在上学日的晚上外出。原句中动作的承受者me变成了句子的主语,和动词allow构成了被动关系,所以这句话应使用被动语态,be+动词的过去分词。原句用的是一般现在时态,在变被动语态的时候,不能改变原句的时态,故填am allowed。
55.句意:我认为老人必须被照顾好。原句中look after的意思是照顾,同义短语是take care of,照顾得好,应是take good care of。原句使用了被动语态,这里不变,故填taken good care of。
点睛:这个题目是句型转换,主要考查了被动语态的用法。被动语态是当句子的主语是谓语动词的承受者的时候来使用,它跟时态密切相关,第1小题和第2小题都是考查了含有情态动词的被动语态,其构成是情态动词+be+动词的过去分词形式。第4小题是一般现在时的被动语态。第5小题考查了同义短语的互换,原句的被动语态形式不变。
56. allow Mary to practice
57. are brushed
58. as early as you can
59. spent on / buying
60. can they
【分析】
56.句意:玛丽被父母允许每天练习弹钢琴。题干的同义句实际上将原来的被动语态变成主动语态,上下句的时态不变,allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事,故答案为(1). allow (2). Mary (3). to (4). practice 。
57.句意:我儿子每天早上刷牙。题干的句子为一般现在时态,因此要改为一般现在时态的被动语态,构成为:am/is/are +及物动词的被动语态,主语 His teeth为复数形式,要用are,故答案为(1). are (2). brushed 。
58.句意:你必须尽可能早起床。as… as possible=as…as one can 尽可能地……,one要与主语保持一致,故答案为(1). as (2). early (3). as (4). you (5). can 。
59.句意:我姑姑昨天花了300美元买了这台电脑。pay money for sth.= spend money on sth./in doing sth. 花钱某买某物,上下句要时态一致,故答案为 (1). spent (2). on / buying 。
60.句意:很少有人能成为著名的科学家。反义疑问句的原则是“前肯后否,前否后肯”,few几乎没有,表示否定,故答案为(1). can (2). they 。
61. that/which I visited
62. that/which stands is
63. who/that teaches us English
64. that/which you lent
65. that/which are
【解析】
61.句意:我永远不会忘记这个农场。我在2003年参观了它。
根据先行词“the farm”,是物,在从句中作“visited”的宾语,所以此处是用“that/which”,结合“in 2003”可知此句是一般过去时,故答案为that/which I visited。
62.句意:这是一所中学。它在邮局附近。
根据先行词“The building”,是物,在从句中作主语,所以此处是用“that/which”,主语是单数,所以从句谓语动词用三单,主句谓语动词用is,故答案为that/which stands is。
63.句意:那个人教我们英语。他来自海南。
根据先行词“The man”,是人,在从句中作主语,所以此处是用“who/that”,主语是单数,所以从句谓语动词用三单,动词后面接宾格,所以用“us”,故答案为who/that teaches us English。
64.句意:这本书很有趣。你昨天把它借给我了。
根据先行词“The book”,是物,在从句中作“lent”的宾语,所以此处是用“that/which”,结合“yesterday”所以从句谓语动词用过去式,故答案为that/which you lent。
65.句意:我爷爷不喜欢这些歌。这些歌太长了。
根据先行词“these songs”,是物,在从句中作主语,所以此处是用“that/which”,结合主语是复数,所以用“are”,故答案为that/which are。
【点睛】
做定语从句相关题目时需先找到先行词,看先行词是人还是物,再看在从句作什么成分,判断用关系代词还是关系副词。时刻牢记定语从句关系词在从句中作主语时,从句的谓语要根据先行词的单复数来确定,保持主谓一致。例如第五小题先行词是“these songs”,看先行词是物,判断是作主语,选关系代词,再看从句的谓语动词时态即可。
66. that/which has
67. who/that write
68. prefer to
69. cheer up
70. that/which are
【解析】
66.句意:中国是一个有着5000年悠久历史的伟大国家。
题目要求改为同义句。分析句子可知,此处可改写为定语从句,先行词是a great country指物,在其后的从句中作主语,可用that/which引导;“有”可用have表示,又因为本句时态是一般现在时,主语是a great country表单数,所以此处应用动词三单形式。故填(1). that/which (2). has。
67.句意:他喜欢歌手。他们自己写歌。
题目要求改为含定语从句的主从复合句。分析句子可知,改写为定语从句,先行词是singers指人,在其后的从句中作主语,可用who/that引导;“写”可用write表示,又因为本句时态是一般现在时,主语是singers表复数,所以此处应用动词原形形式。故填(1). who/that (2). write。
68.句意:我喜欢英语胜过数学。
题目要求改为同义句。分析句子可知,挖空处表示“与……相比更喜欢……”的含义,根据空格数,可用“prefer…to…”表示;又因为主语是I,所以此处用动词原形即可。故填(1). prefer (2). to。
69.句意:迈克喜欢使他快乐的电影。
题目要求改为同义句。分析句子可知,挖空处表示“使……快乐”的含义,根据空格数,可用“cheer sb up”表示;又因为主语是the movies表复数,所以此处用动词原形即可。故填(1). cheer (2). up。
70.句意:琳达喜欢衣服。这些衣服很特别。
题目要求改为含定语从句的主从复合句。分析句子可知,改写为定语从句,先行词是clothes指物,在其后的从句中作主语,可用that/which引导;又因为本句时态是一般现在时,主语是clothes表复数,所以此处应用表复数的be动词are。故填(1). that/which (2). are。
71. Whose
72. belongs to
73. not only; but also
74. keep; from
75. can’t
【解析】
71.对名词所有格的提问要用whose。
72.belong to 属于,belong to sb.指某物属于某人。
73.not only…but also…不但……而且……,用与连接两个并列的成分。
74.prevent…from doing sth.相当于keep…from doing sth.,意为“阻止某人做某事”。
75.can’t 表示“不可能”,注意:mustn’t 意为“禁止、不允许”。
76.can’t
77.Carla’s
78. be crying
79. may be
80. What could
【分析】
76.This person must be a Chinese teacher. (改为否定句) must在这里表示推测,意思是“一定”,mustn’t必须不能;变否定应该用“不可能”,can’t意思是“不可能”,故填can’t
77.The dictionary might belong to Carla.(改为同义句)这个词典可能属于Carla,也可以用名词所有格形式来表达,这个词典可能是Carla的,名词所有格是在名词后面加’s;故填Carla’s
78.That woman could cry for help. (改为进行时态)含有情态动词的进行时态结构是:情态动词+be+doing;故填be crying
79.Maybe there is something strange in the sky. (改为同义句) maybe副词,也许,大概;may情态动词,也许,后用动词原形;there be有,there may be也许有;故填 may be
80.The man could be running for exercise. (对划线部分提问)句子成了特殊疑问句,结构是:疑问词+一般疑问句?变疑问句时把情态动词提前,对exercise提问,用what;故填what could
81. mustn’t be
82. who belongs to
83. because of heavy
84. Whose pen
85.playing
【分析】
81.原句是含有情态动词must的肯定句,变为否定句时,在情态动词后加not。故填(1)mustn’t (2)be。
82.原句句意:你知道这台电脑是谁的吗?其同义句为:你知道这台电脑属于谁吗?属于belong to sb.。根据句意,可知填(1)who (2)belongs (3)to。
83.原句句意:他没去上学,因为雨下得很大。because因为,连词,后接句子表原因;because of因为,后接名词表原因。根据句意,可知填(1)because (2)of (3)heavy。
84.原句对Jim’s划线,是问物主(谁的),需用疑问词whose提问,根据句意,可知填(1)Whose (2)pen。
85.句意:有一些孩子在操场上玩。原句是who引导的定语从句,关系代词who做从句的主语,这时可以用现在分词形式代替从句作定语。根据句意,可知填playing。
点睛:这是句型转换题。一般是同义转换(同义句)和对划线部分提问,主要考察对句意和句子结构的理解能力。做同义转换的题目,首先要弄清楚原句句意,根据句意再转换成意义相近的句子。例如第2小题,原句句意:你知道这台电脑是谁的吗?其同义句为:你知道这台电脑属于谁吗?属于belong to sb.。根据句意,可知填(1)who (2)belongs (3)to。
86. It's dangerous
87. What does
88. hopes to
89. live without
90. Did use
【解析】
86.原句“To go out with strangers和陌生人出去”是不定式做主语,可用it代替做形式主语。根据句子结构,可知填(1). It's (2). dangerous。
87.原句对some table manners in England(英国的一些餐桌礼仪)划线,是问事情,需用what提问。my brother是单数第三人称,助动词需用does;句首单词的首字母需大写,根据句子结构,可知填(1). What (2). does。
88.原句hope后面是宾语从句,可换用hope to do sth.(希望做某事)结构。he是单数第三人称,动词需用三单形式;根据句子结构,可知填(1). hopes (2). to。
89.without没有,表伴随,原句no water(没有水)义同without water;couldn't不能,情态动词后接原形动词;根据句子结构,可知填(1). live (2). without。
90.used to do过去常常做某事,本身就是过去时态,助动词需用did。一般疑问句中的谓语动词需用原形,根据句子结构,可知填(1). Did (2). use。
【点睛】
句型转换,综合考查句式结构,动词形式、时态和语态,需要考生结合句子的主语确定动词形式,根据时间状语的提示确定时态,根据主语和动词之间的关系确定语态。同时注意各种从句和固定句式的运用。例如第1小题,本句适用固定句型“It’s +adj. + to do”结构,it做形式主语,不定式是真正主语;根据句子结构,可知填It's; dangerous。
91. What are to do
92. for him to lift
93. aren't supposed to
94. expects to meet
95.possible
【解析】
91.句意:在中国,人们遇到朋友时应该握手。在中国,当人们遇到朋友时他们应该做什么?由画线部分shake hands握手,可知此处应用疑问代词what提问,后接一般疑问句,同时用do来代替画线部分;本句用一般现在时,句中含有系动词are,一般疑问句需要把are提前;故答案为:(1). What (2). are (3). to (4). do。
92.句意:他不可能提起这么重的箱子。对他来说,提起这么重的箱子是不可能的。
根据题干可知,原句可以转换为固定句型:“It's+adj. +for sb. +to do sth.”意为“对某人来说做某事是……的”,其中it是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的动词不定式,故答案为:(1). for (2). him (3). to (4). lift。
93.句意:你吃面条时不应该发出声音。你不应该在吃面条的时候发出声音。
根据题干可知,原句中需要替换的部分是shouldn't,可以用be not supposed to来替换,意为“不应该”;故答案为:(1). aren't (2). supposed (3). to。
94.句意:他期待着再次见到她。他希望能再见到她。
根据题干可知,原句中需要替换的部分是look forward to doing sth.意为“期待做某事”,相当于expect to do sth.,句子时态是一般现在时,主语为第三人称单数,声音谓语动词也要用第三人称单数形式,故答案为:(1). expects (2). to (3). meet。
95.句意:你应该尽快到这里来。你应该尽快来这里
根据题干可知,原句中需要替换的部分是as...as one can,意为“尽可能……”,相当于as...as possible,故答案为:possible。
96. Neither nor has
97. sad enough to
98. to cry
99. Why does
100. feel like staying
【分析】
96.句意:他和他的父母以前听说过这个计划。因为原句用的是现在完成时,both...and...连接的两个并列的主语,如果变成否定的含义,应该用否定连词Neither...nor ,谓语动词用肯定的形式。
97.句意:这个音乐如此地让人伤心以至于它使我想要离开。so...that当that后的句子的主语与主句的主语同一个时,可以与形容词或副词+enough+to do的形式来互换。
98.句意:大声的音乐使婴儿哭了。短语make sb do sth使某人做某事;被动形式为sb be made to do ,这里baby与make之间是被动关系。在主动语态中用省略to的动 词不定式作宾补,但在其被动语态中,不要省略动词不定式符号to。
99.句意:他因为丢了自行车看起来很伤心。因为划线的表示的是原因,所以应该用疑问词why来问。原句的动词是look,所以应该用助动词来帮助构成疑问句。
100.句意:在周末我想和我的父母呆在家里。want to do sth=would like to do sth=feel like doing sth喜欢做某事。
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