2022-2023 英语仁爱版新中考精讲精练 考点02冠词

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考点02冠词考点总结考点01 不定冠词有两个。即：a和an。             a用于以辅音音素或半元音开头的词前面，如：a pen一支笔， a European一个欧洲人， a house一幢房子；       an用于以元音音素开头的词前面。如：an egg一个鸡蛋， an hour一个小时。       由上面的例子可知，不定冠词在名词前用a 还是用an是由单词首音节读辅音还是读元音决定的，而不是由单词的首字母是辅音字母还是元音字母决定的。考点02 不定冠词用于：1）泛指某人或某物。A girl is singing there.一个女孩正在那里唱歌。Can you see a picture on the wall?你能看到墙上有一幅画吗？2）泛指人、事或物的类别。A knife is a very useful tool.刀是非常有用的工具。A car is a machine that can travel very fast.汽车是能行进很快的机器。3）表示one或every的含义。Rome was not built in a day.罗马不是一天建成的。Take this medicine four times a day.每天吃四次药。4）不定冠词还用于某些固定短语中。如：a little / a few / a lot 考点03定冠词的用法：1）表示特定的或上下文提到过的人或物。Were you interested in the film you saw yesterday?你对昨天看的电影感兴趣吗？I happened to meet a man last week. The man is my old friend.上周我偶遇一个人。这个人是我的老朋友。2）表示世界上独一无二的东西。the sun（太阳），the earth（地球），the moon（月亮）3）用在序数词、形容词最高级前。I’m the first man to tell you the secret.我是第一个告诉你这个秘密的人。Do you know who is the greatest person in the world?你知道谁是世界上最伟大的人吗？4）用在表示乐器词前。I like playing the guitar while my brother likes playing the piano.我喜欢弹吉他，而我哥哥喜欢弹钢琴。5）用“the＋单数可数名词或形容词”表示一类人或物。The compass was invented in China.指南针是中国发明的。The rich shouldn’t look down upon the poor.富人不应该歧视穷人。6）用于姓氏的复数名词之前表示一家人。The Davids are watching TV.大卫一家人正在看电视。7）用于逢十的复数数词前，指世纪的某个年代。She was born in the 1990s.她生于二十世纪九十年代。8）用于对某人或某物的特指。Give me the dictionary.给我这本词典。Who is the girl running over there?在那里跑的女孩是谁？9）用于由普通名词构成的专有名词前。He joined the Communist Party of China.他加入了中国共产党。The United States is a developed country.美国是一个发达国家。10）用于一些固定用法中。如：in the morning (afternoon，evening)/ the day after tomorrow/ the day before yesterday/ the next morning/ in the sky (water，field，country)/ in the dark/ in the rain/ in the middle (of)/ in the end/ by the way/ go to the theatre考点04 下列情况下，适用于零冠词。即不使用冠词。1）专有名词，物质名词和抽象名词前常不用冠词。Time is money.时间就是金钱。Failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之母。2）泛指的复数名词表示一类人或事物时，该复数名词前不用冠词。They are students.他们是学生。Dogs are loyal animals.狗是忠诚的动物。3）有限定词的可数名词前不用冠词。This question isn’t difficult.这个问题不难。John’s watch was lost.约翰的手表丢了。4）表示“季节，月份，星期，节日，三餐，假日”等的词前不用冠词。Summer is coming.夏天来了。Today is Friday.今天是周五。We are celebrating Christmas Day.我们正在庆祝圣诞节。5）表示“称呼”或只有一个人担当的“职位”或“头衔”的名词前不用冠词。What are you doing, Mother?母亲，你正在做什么？Peter was elected monitor of our class.比特被选为我们班的班长。（monitor是表示职位的词，所以其前面没用冠词。表示只有一个人担任的职位或头衔的名词在句中作表语，同位语，宾语补足语或主语补足语时，其前面不使用冠词。6）表示“学科”，“球类”，“棋类”等名词前不用冠词。He is good at maths.他擅长数学。He likes playing football but doesn’t like playing basketball.他喜欢踢足球，但是不喜欢打篮球。Do you like playing chess?你喜欢下象棋吗？7）在as引导的让步状语从句中作表语的名词前不用冠词。Child as she is, she wrote many poems.尽管她是一个小孩，但是她写了很多诗。8）系动词turn后作表语的单数可数名词前不用冠词。She turned professor four years later.四年后她变成了一名教授。9）在某些固定短语中不用冠词。如：take part in/ in time/ on time/  first of all/ at work等。考点演练 一、单项选择1．Stephen William Hawking is ________ European scientist, who is famous ________ physics.A．a, for B．an, for C．a, as2．Have you heard of Li Lanjuan, __________unusual woman in China, who spares no effort to develop a vaccine(疫苗) against COVID-19.A．most B．a most C．the more3．________ interesting person our English teacher is!A．How B．What C．What an4．He came ______ first in the race. I think you can’t find ______ better runner.A．/; a B．the; a C．the; the D．/; the5．—What’s that on the desk?—It’s _______ school ID card.A．a B．an C．the D．/6．— Have you seen ________ film My People, My Homeland?— Yes. I haven’t seen such a heart-warming film for a long time.A．a B．the C．an D．/7．To his parents’ joy, Peter has made ________ rapid progress in maths with ________ help of his teacher.A．不填; the B．不填; 不填 C．a; the D．as; 不填8．—Is Dongting Lake __________ lake in China?—No, it’s __________ of all the lakes in China.A．the largest; the second large B．the largest; the second largerC．the larger; the second larger D．the largest; the second largest9．—Can we play ________ after class?        —Of course.A．drums B．chess C．soccer ball D．game10．Can you ________ as ________?A．give some milk for me; a treat B．give me some milk; treatC．give some milk to me; a treat D．give any milk to me; a treat11．—Is this ________ new computer your mother gave you as your birthday present?—Yes. I have never seen ________ better one before.A．the; a B．a; a C．a; the D．the; the12．Biden, ________ president of the USA, will visit Britain ________second time next month.A．the; the B．the; a C．/; a D．/; the13．This is ________ eraser and that is ________ UFO.A．a； an B．an；an C．an； a D．a； a14．—When do you have your P.E. lessons?  —On ________.A．the morning              B．the Friday morning          C．Friday morning          D．the morning Friday15．Mary’s going to be an elder sister. Her parents are planning to have ________ child.A．one B．the first C．two D．a second