2021益阳高二上学期期末考试英语含解析（含听力）

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益阳市2020年下学期普通高中期末考试
高二英语试题卷
注意事项：
1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试题卷上无效。
3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节 (共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?
A. ￡19.15. B. ￡9.18. C. ￡9.15.
答案是C。
1. What will Alice do next?
A. Hand in her composition.
B. Correct her spelling mistakes.
C. Rewrite her composition.
2. What can we know from the conversation?
A. The speakers are good friends.
B. Mr. Smith is very busy now.
C. Mr. Jones has taken over Mr. Smith.
3. What does the girl think of her parents?
A. Strict. B. Open-minded. C. Generous.
4. What does the man want the girl to do?
A. Talk with her teachers.
B. Play with her phone more.
C. Pay more attention to her work.
5. What are the speakers talking about?
A. Online classes. B. School subjects. C. Sports.
第二节 (共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题 5 秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What is the woman doing?
A. Driving a car.
B. Looking at a paper map.
C. Using a phone to give directions.
7. Where are the speakers?
A. On a boat. B. In a car. C. In a plane.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8 How does the boy feel about making a speech?
A. Excited. B. Nervous. C. Confident.
9. How did the girl prepare for her speech?
A. She wrote down every word.
B. She wrote down the main point.
C. She wrote a 1000-word passage.
听第8段材料，回答第10至第12题。
10. How did the man get to the special device show?
A. By bus. B. on foot. C. By subway.
11. What is the man’s favorite?
A. The 3D theatre. B. The Test Space. C. The Games Hall.
12. When did the man get into the hall?
A. At 8:00. B. At 9:00. C. At 10:30.
听第9段材料，回答第13至第16题。
13. What is the man’s major?
A. Marketing. B. International business. C. Tourism.
14. What is a requirement of the job?
A. Living abroad. B. Traveling a lot. C. Being married.
15. What does the man think of the job?
A. Challenging. B. Pleasant. C. Boring.
16. How soon will the man get a reply?
A. In six days. B. In seven days. C. In ten days.
听第10段材料，回答第17至第20题。
17. What is the speaker?
A. He sells things. B. He makes things. C. He repairs things.
18. How does the speaker feel if an old table has been repaired many times?
A. He still loves it.
B. He will use it carelessly.
C. He will throw it away immediately.
19. According to the speaker, which of the following sentences is TRUE?
A. The furniture made today can last longer.
B. The furniture in the past was more beautiful.
C. More care was taken making furniture in the past.
20. What is the passage mainly about?
A. Old days. B. Furniture. C. Technology.
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Who can be the most dangerous one on the street the car driver, the cyclist or the pedestrian? Now let’s take a look at some people’s opinions.
William Lang
In my opinion, I believe many cyclists behave dangerously. Many drivers are disrespectful of cyclists. But pedestrians are probably the worst offenders.
People of all ages happily walk along the pavement with eyes and hands glued to the mobile phone, quite unaware of what is going on around them. They may even do the same thing while crossing a road at a pedestrian crossing or elsewhere. The rest of us have to give way to them or just stand still to wait for the unavoidable collision.
The real problem is that some pedestrians seem to be, at least for the moment, in worlds of their own that are, to them, much more important than the welfare of others.
Hemingway
I am afraid nowadays the cyclists seem to think they own the roads.
I was walking across Renmin Road one morning when a cyclist went round me and on being asked what he was doing, he shouted at me.
The government built a cycle lane on the road but it is hardly used
The police do nothing. What a laugh they are!
The cyclists should all have to be made to use the cycle lanes and wear helmets, fluorescent (发荧光的) jacket and tights at night and in the morning. They should pay some sort of tax and be fined for not wearing them.
Gary
Cyclists jump on and off pavements (which are meant for pedestrians), ride at speed along the pavements, and think they have a special right to go through traffic lights when they are on red.
I was almost knocked down recently by a cyclist riding on the pavement when there was a cycle lane right next to him.
Other road users, including horse riders, manage to obey the rules, so why not cyclists?
It’s about time they had to be registered and insured, so when they do hit a pedestrian or a vehicle, or cause an accident, at least they can be traced and there might be an opportunity to claim.
1. The purpose of the question in paragraph one is to .
A. introduce a topic B. set an example
C. show an attitude D. draw a conclusion
2. William thinks that .
A. some pedestrians are a threat to road safety B. drivers should be polite to cyclists
C. walking while using phones harms one’s eyes D. road accidents can actually be avoided
3. Both Hemingway and Gary suggest that cyclists should .
A. be fined for laughing at policemen B. be provided with enough roads
C. be made to pay less tax for cycling D. be asked to ride on their own lanes
【答案】1. A 2. A 3. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章就“谁可能是街上最危险的人，汽车司机、骑自行车的人还是行人？”这个问题，陈述了几个人的观点。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。由第一段“Who can be the most dangerous one on the street, the car driver, the cyclist or the pedestrian? Now let’s take a look at some people’s opinions. (谁可能是街上最危险的人，汽车司机、骑自行车的人还是行人？现在让我们来看看一些人的看法)”和下文3人对这个问题的看法可知，第一段中问题的目的在于介绍一个主题——一些人对此问题的看法。故选A项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。由William Lang下第一段的“In my opinion, I believe many cyclists behave dangerously. (在我看来，我认为很多骑车人的行为都很危险)”和第二段的“People of all ages happily walk along the pavement with eyes and hands glued to the mobile phone, quite unaware of what is going on around them. They may even do the same thing while crossing a road at a pedestrian crossing or elsewhere. (各个年龄段的人都快乐地沿着人行道行走，眼睛和手紧紧地盯着手机，完全不知道周围发生了什么。他们甚至可以在人行横道或其他地方横穿马路时做同样的事情)”可知，William认为一些行人对道路安全构成威胁。故选A项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。由Hemingway下最后一段中的“The cyclists should all have to be made to use the cycle lanes and wear helmets, fluorescent (发荧光的) jacket and tights at night and in the morning. (骑自行车的人都必须使用自行车道，晚上和早上都要戴头盔、穿荧光夹克和紧身衣)”和Gary下第一段中的“Cyclists jump on and off pavements (which are meant for pedestrians) (骑自行车的人在人行道上跳上跳下（这是为行人准备的）)”及第三段中的“Other road users, including horse riders, manage to obey the rules, so why not cyclists? (其他道路使用者，包括骑马的人，都遵守了规则，那么骑车的人为什么不遵守呢？)”可知，Hemingway和Gary都建议骑自行车的人应该被要求在自己的车道上骑行。故选D项。
B
The French have lost a number of famous battles with the British over the centuries. But they always feel proud of themselves when in the kitchen. France has for centuries had a reputation for cooking excellence, and Britain for some of the worst cooking in the world. But according to a recent survey, that reputation may no longer reflect reality.
In the survey, 71% of the Britons said they cook at home every day, while only 59% of the French said they cook daily. British home cooks spend more time cooking each week and also produce a greater variety of dishes than French home cooks.
The reaction in London was predictably enthusiastic. British food has greatly improved since the 1990s. Once upon a time, the menu for many family meals would have been roast beef, potatoes and over-cooked vegetables, but not now. Home cooks are experimenting with the huge range of ingredients(材料) now available in British supermarkets and are preparing all kinds of new dishes, using the cookbooks that sell millions of copies every year. As a result, there’s much more diversity in British food now, compared to French food, which tends to be very traditional.
Some French people say that the survey did not show the whole picture. They agree that during the week French women don’t cook as much as they used to because most of them work and don’t have much time. They tend to buy ready-made or frozen dishes, but many of them make up for it on the weekend. There’s also a difference between Paris and the countryside. It’s true that people in Paris don’t cook much, but elsewhere, cooking is still at the heart of daily life.
For many French people, opinions about British food have not changed. When Bernard Blier, the food editor at a magazine, was asked about British food, he replied: “I don’t go out of my way to try it. It is not very refined. You can say that I’m not a fan at all. ”
4. From the article we know that nowadays British people ______.
A. buy more cookbooks than French people do
B. cook less at home than the French every day
C. no longer eat roast beef and over-cooked vegetables
D. are more fond of trying cooking all kinds of new foods
5. What can we infer from paragraph four?
A. French women seldom cook on the weekend.
B. The French prefer ready-made dishes.
C. French women cook less often on weekdays now.
D. Cooking is at the heart of people’s life in Paris.
6. What is Bernard’s attitude towards British food?
A. He considers it better than before. B. He shows no interest in it.
C. He considers it worse than before. D. He would love to try it.
7. What does the passage mainly talk about?
A. The change in French food. B. The history of French food.
C. The change in British food. D. The history of British food.
【答案】4. D 5. C 6. B 7. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。几个世纪以来，法国在烹饪方面有着卓越的声誉，英国的烹饪方式则是世界上最糟糕的。但根据最近的一项调查显示，这种声誉可能不再反映现实。在调查中，71%的英国人说他们每天在家做饭，而只有59%的法国人说他们每天都做饭。英国的家庭厨师每周花更多的时间做饭，也比法国的家庭厨师制作更多种类的菜肴。现在英国食物的多样性要比传统的法国食物多得多。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“British home cooks spend more time cooking each week and also produce a greater variety of dishes than French home cooks.(英国家庭厨师每周花更多的时间做饭，也比法国家庭厨师做出更多种类的菜肴)”可知，现如今，英国人更愿意烹饪更多类型的菜肴了。故选D。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“They agree that during the week French women don't cook as much as they used to because most of them work and don't have much time.(他们一致认为，在一周内，法国女性不像过去那样经常做饭，因为她们大多数人都在工作，没有太多的时间)”可推知，现在，法国女性在工作日做饭的频率降低了。故选C。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“When Bernard Blier, the food editor at a magazine, was asked about British food, he replied: “I don’t go out of my way to try it. It is not very refined. You can say that I’m not a fan at all. ”(当一家杂志的美食编辑Bernard Blier被问及英国美食时，他回答说：“我不会刻意去尝试。它不是很精致。你可以说我根本不是你的粉丝。”)”推知，Bernard对英国食物并不感兴趣。故选B。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。纵观全文，文章讲述几个世纪以来，法国在烹饪方面有着卓越的声誉，英国的烹饪方式则是世界上最糟糕的。但根据最近的一项调查显示，这种声誉可能不再反映现实。在调查中，71%的英国人说他们每天在家做饭，而只有59%的法国人说他们每天都做饭。英国的家庭厨师每周花更多的时间做饭，也比法国的家庭厨师制作更多种类的菜肴。现在英国食物的多样性要比传统的法国食物多得多。由此可知，本文介绍了英国食物的变化。故选C。
C
At the end of 2018, the Beidou Navigation Satellite System (BDS北斗卫星导航系统) started to provide global services. “This marked Beidou’s entering a ‘global era’ from its ‘regional era’, ” BDS Spokesman Ran Chengqi said at a news conference.
Now with two more Beidou satellites launched on Dec.16th, 2019, BDS has 53 satellites in orbit－more than US government’s Global Positioning System(GPS), which has 31 active satellites. That launch means the core of Beidou’s third-generation network is now in place. It is expected to greatly improve the system’s ability to serve users worldwide.
A signal receiver on Earth－your smart phone, for example, measures its distance from at least three satellites by recording the amount of time it takes to receive their signals. Then it can calculate its location. With so many satellites, BDS can provide a more accurate calculation. While GPS calculates locations to within a few meters, BDS reduces the error to centimeters. This high-precision service is useful for land surveying, mapping, agriculture and automated driving.
China is willing to share BDS with the world. According to Ran, BDS products have been exported to more than 120 countries and regions. “The Beidou system will always stick to the development idea of ‘China’s Beidou, the world’s Beidou and the first-class Beidou’, serving the world and benefiting mankind,” Ran told reporters after the latest launch. He added that future plans call for a smarter and more accessible system with Beidou as its core, to come online by 2035.
8. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?
A. BDS develops step by step. B. BDS is only used in China.
C. GPS has more satellites than BDS. D. The first Beidou satellite provided global services.
9. The third paragraph mainly talks about .
A. why people prefer BDS B. how the signal is received
C. what BDS is D. how BDS works
10. By now, BDS can provide service in many fields EXCEPT .
A. motor vehicle driving B. land surveying
C. healthcare D. agriculture
11. What can we infer from Ran’s words in the last paragraph?
A. BDS is perfect at present. B. Other countries refuse to use BDS.
C. It is challenging to export BDS products. D. The system is expected to improve in the future.
【答案】8. A 9. D 10. C 11. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了北斗卫星导航系统的发展、工作方式以及应用。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“At the end of 2018, the Beidou Navigation Satellite System (BDS北斗卫星导航系统) started to provide global services.(2018年底，北斗卫星导航系统开始提供全球服务)”以及第二段中“Now with two more Beidou satellites launched on Dec.16th, 2019, BDS has 53 satellites in orbit－more than US government’s Global Positioning System(GPS), which has 31 active satellites.(现在，随着2019年12月16日又发射了两颗北斗卫星，北斗系统有53颗卫星在轨运行，超过了美国政府的全球定位系统（GPS），后者有31颗活跃卫星)”可知，北斗系统的发展是循序渐进的。故选A。
【9题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段“A signal receiver on Earth－your smart phone, for example, measures its distance from at least three satellites by recording the amount of time it takes to receive their signals. Then it can calculate its location. With so many satellites, BDS can provide a more accurate calculation. (例如，地球上的一个信号接收器——你的智能手机——通过记录接收信号所需的时间来测量它与至少三颗卫星的距离。然后它可以计算出自己的位置。有了这么多卫星，北斗系统可以提供更准确的计算)”可知，第三段主要讲北斗系统如何工作。故选D。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“This high-precision service is useful for land surveying, mapping, agriculture and automated driving.(这种高精度服务适用于土地测量、测绘、农业和自动驾驶)”可知，北斗系统无法提供医疗服务。故选C。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“He added that future plans call for a smarter and more accessible system with Beidou as its core, to come online by 2035.(他补充说，未来的计划要求以北斗为核心的更智能、更易于使用的系统，到2035年上线)”可推知，系统有望在未来得到改进。故选D。
D
It is a truth universally acknowledged that water is tasteless. But it happens from time to time: you pick up the bottle of water you didn’t finish yesterday, and it tastes strange. Most often, you tend to drop the bottle in the trash bin, believing that the water has gone bad. But is it true?
According to Time, taste has little to do with quality of water. When water is exposed for 12 hours, carbon dioxide interacts with the H2O in the water, and the pH value lowers slightly. As a result, the water has a different taste.
“But it’s most likely safe to drink,” Norwegian expert Truls Krogh told Science Nordic. “If the water is covered and of good quality to start with, in principle it can last a thousand years. That’s because when water is fresh, it contains little organic matter. As long as water is held in clean glasses or bottles, no pollutants will enter it to harm our health.”
People in countries like the US, the UK and Australia usually drink tap water. According to Time, if tap water is drunk within six months, the chlorine in the water will be enough to kill any bacteria and keep it safe to drink.
However, there are also some exceptions. If you accidentally put your fingers into water or store water in unclean containers day after day, microorganism will enter the water. With the help of surrounding temperature, and sunlight streaming through windows, these microorganisms multiply quickly. Sooner or later, the water will be in the charge of the unfriendly bacteria. And if you drink the water too often, then you’re more likely to be ill.
And what about water in plastic bottles? Heat and plastic are a bad combination, US researcher Kellogg Schwab stresses. When plastic bottles are used at high temperatures, they produce a chemical called BPA. BPA is something that affects hormones and research has tentatively linked it to “several health damage, including heart disease and cancer”, Time reported.
Schwab suggests replacing disposable plastic bottles with the refillable containers made of metal or glass to deal with BPA.
12. Truls Krogh would agree that .
A. covered water can last for a thousand years
B. if the water tastes different, we shouldn’t drink it
C. the water held in a clean container is likely safe to drink
D. although kept fresh, water may still have much organic matter
13. The underlined word “multiply” in paragraph five probably means .
A. reproduce B. recycle C. change D. compete
14. What can we infer from the passage?
A. Tap water is always safe to drink.
B. Microorganisms are easy to produce in the heat.
C. Disposable plastic bottles have been banned already.
D. BPA does little harm to our health.
15. What can be the best title of the passage?
A. Why is Water Tasteless? B. Does Water Really Go Bad?
C. How to Get Clean Water? D. How to Protect Water?
【答案】12. C 13. A 14. B 15. B
【解析】
【导语】本文为说明文。本文就喝剩下的水是否会变坏进行了研究。研究表明没喝完的水虽然味道有点怪，但只要水质是好的，保存恰当不被细菌污染，是不会变坏的。但专家建议不要用塑料杯要用金属或玻璃制品装热水。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段““But it’s most likely safe to drink,” Norwegian expert Truls Krogh told Science Nordic. “If the water is covered and of good quality to start with, in principle it can last a thousand years. That’s because when water is fresh, it contains little organic matter. As long as water is held in clean glasses or bottles, no pollutants will enter it to harm our health.”(挪威专家Truls Krogh告诉北欧科学：“但饮用它很可能是安全的。如果水一开始就被盖好，而且质量很好，原则上它可以持续一千年。这是因为当水是新鲜的时候，它含有很少的有机物质。只要水装在干净的玻璃杯或瓶子里，就不会有污染物进入水中危害我们的健康。”)”可知，只要水质好，保存在干净的容器内，就不会有污染物，都是安全可饮用的。故选C。
【13题详解】
词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“Sooner or later, the water will be in the charge of the unfriendly bacteria.(水迟早会被不友好的细菌控制)”可知，水迟早会被不友好的细菌控制，说明微生物迅速繁殖。故画线词意思是“繁殖”。故选A。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段中“With the help of surrounding temperature, and sunlight streaming through windows, these microorganisms multiply quickly.(在周围温度和阳光的帮助下，这些微生物迅速繁殖)”可推知，微生物在高温下容易产生，故选B。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“It is a truth universally acknowledged that water is tasteless. But it happens from time to time: you pick up the bottle of water you didn’t finish yesterday, and it tastes strange. Most often, you tend to drop the bottle in the trash bin, believing that the water has gone bad. But is it true?(水无味是举世公认的真理。但这种情况时常发生：你拿起一瓶昨天没喝完的水，它的味道很奇怪。大多数情况下，你倾向于把瓶子扔进垃圾桶，认为水已经变坏了。但这是真的吗？)”，即在第一段讲述昨天没有喝完的水虽然味道有点怪，水质真的坏了吗？结论是味道会变，味道当然与水的质量没有多大关系。接着对这个问题“But is it true?”进行了大量的研究调查，证明只要水质好，保存在干净的容器内，不被污染都是安全可饮用的。由此可推断出B项（水真的会坏吗？）符合题意，故选B。
第二节 (共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Though to forgive is a virtue, no one regards it as an easy thing. If you are deeply hurt by someone, it can be extremely difficult to let go of your hate. However, forgiveness is possible, and it can be surprisingly beneficial to your physical and mental health. According to a recent research, people who forgive show less sadness, anger and stress and more hopefulness.
____16____ Try the following steps.
Never wait for an apology. Many times the person who hurt you does not intend to apologize. They may have wanted to hurt you or they just don’t see things the same way. ____17____ Keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean becoming friends again with the person who upset you.
Calm yourself. ____18____ You can take a couple of breaths and think of something that gives you pleasure: a beautiful scene in nature, or someone you love.
Take the control away from your offender. Rethinking about your hurt gives power to the person who caused you pain. Instead of focusing on your wounded feelings, learn to look for the love, beauty and kindness around you.
____19____ If you understand your offender, you may realize that he or she was acting out of unawareness, fear, and even love. You may want to write a letter to yourself from your offender’s point of view.
Don’t forget to forgive yourself. ____20____ But it can rob you of your self-confidence if you don’t do it.
A. Why do you have to forgive?
B. How should you start to forgive?
C. Recognize the benefits of forgiveness.
D. Try to see things from your offender’s angle.
E. For some people, forgiving themselves is the biggest challenge.
F. To make your anger die away, try a simple stress management technique.
G. If you wait for people to apologize, you could be waiting an awfully long time.
【答案】16. B 17. G 18. F 19. D 20. E
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一些开始原谅的步骤。
【16题详解】
根据后文“Try the following steps.(试试下面的步骤)”可知，本句为设问句，引出后文开始原谅的步骤。故B选项“你应该如何开始原谅？”符合语境，故选B。
【17题详解】
根据上文“Never wait for an apology. Many times the person who hurt you does not intend to apologize. They may have wanted to hurt you or they just don’t see things the same way.(永远不要等待别人的道歉。很多时候，伤害你的人并不打算道歉。他们可能是想伤害你，也可能只是和你看问题的方式不同)”可知，本段主要是关于不要等待别人道歉，G选项中wait for people to apologize对应上文中Never wait for an apology.故G选项“如果你等着别人来道歉，你可能会等很长时间”符合语境，故选G。
【18题详解】
根据后文“You can take a couple of breaths and think of something that gives you pleasure: a beautiful scene in nature, or someone you love.(你可以做几次深呼吸，想一些让你快乐的事情：大自然的美丽风景，或者你爱的人)”可知，后文提到了压制愤怒的小方法。故F选项“为了让你的愤怒消失，尝试一个简单的压力管理技巧”符合语境，故选F。
【19题详解】
根据后文“If you understand your offender, you may realize that he or she was acting out of unawareness, fear, and even love. You may want to write a letter to yourself from your offender’s point of view.(如果你理解冒犯你的人，你可能会意识到他或她的行为是出于无意识、恐惧，甚至是爱。你可能想从冒犯你的人的角度给自己写一封信)”可知，后文提到了理解冒犯你的人，即站在对方的立场看问题。故D选项“试着从冒犯你的人的角度看问题”符合语境，故选D。
【20题详解】
根据上文“Don’t forget to forgive yourself.(不要忘记原谅自己)”可知，本段的主旨是原谅自己，E选项中forgiving themselves能够对应forgive yourself。故E选项“对一些人来说，原谅自己是最大的挑战”符合语境，故选E。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
For a herder (放牧人) in Africa, the hardest part of the job is searching for cattle lost in the bush. But for Andrew, a herder at a farm in Zimbabwe, it’s not a____21____. Once he____22____Toro, he knows the rest of the herd is nearby. That’s because Toro isn’t an ordinary member of the herd. He’s a giraffe. In____23____weather, cattle rest in the shade under his belly to keep cool. And because of his height, Toro can spot lions long before they come close to the herd.
Toro’s____24____situation came about after his mother was killed by lions. Toro survived the attack, but he was left with no one to protect him or give him milk. About two days later, some herders spotted and rescued him. With the____25____of the Department of Wildlife, the herders moved Toro to Andrew’s farm. Since giraffes and cattle are both plant-eating animals that live in____26____, their behaviors are much the same. Toro was accepted into the herd and____27____among the cattle as they ate grass.
Toro doesn’t always behave like the other members of his new herd. Like many kinds of animals, cattle____28____leadership. Standing more than 13 feet tall, Toro is more than three times taller than the____29____bull, but Toro_____30_____tries to be “the boss”. “He is very used to their _____31_____,” Andrew said. When the herd enters the kraal (家畜栏), the cows and bulls_____32_____each other. “But thanks to his height, Toro does not need to join the_____33_____,” said Andrew.
When asked if Toro would ever be_____34_____to the wild, Munetsi, an officer of the Department of Wildlife said no. “In the wild, he would find it difficult to be accepted into another herd or defend himself from being killed by other animals,” he added. “He seems very much at home and is respected by the_____35_____.”
21. A. solution B. method C. survival D. problem
22. A. receives B. spots C. separates D. urges
23. A. rainy B. windy C. cold D. hot
24. A. unusual B. natural C. ashamed D. frightened
25. A. relief B. worry C. pity D. permission
26. A. individuals B. buildings C. groups D. camps
27. A. discovered B. wandered C. performed D. explored
28. A. compete for B. spread out C. move around D. put forward
29. A. rarest B. fastest C. biggest D. best
30. A. often B. sometimes C. never D. accidentally
31. A. company B. competitor C. instructor D. enemy
32. A. match B. improve C. pull D. push
33. A. anxiety B. sadness C. mess D. effort
34. A. adopted B. hunted C. returned D. cured
35. A. people B. cattle C. owners D. lions
【答案】21 D 22. B 23. D 24. A 25. D 26. C 27. B 28. A 29. C 30. C 31. A 32. D 33. C 34. C 35. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了，在非洲的津巴布韦，一头落单的长颈鹿托罗（Toro）与牛群生活在一起，同吃同住，相处得非常和谐。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但对安德鲁来说，这不是问题，他是津巴布韦一家农场的牧民。A. solution解决方法；B. method方法；C. survival生存；D. problem问题。由上文的“For a herder (放牧人) in Africa, the hardest part of the job is searching for cattle lost in the bush. (对于一个非洲的牧民来说，工作中最困难的部分是寻找在灌木丛中丢失的牛)”和表转折的But可知，“寻找在灌木丛中丢失的牛”是工作中一个问题，该句意义与上文相反，即“寻找在灌木丛中丢失的牛”对安德鲁来说，不是问题。故选D项。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一旦他发现托罗，他就知道其余的牛群就在附近。A. receives收到；B. spots发现；C. separates分开；D. urges敦促。由下文的“Toro was accepted into the herd (托罗被接纳进牛群)”可知，托罗和牛群生活在一起，所以一旦发现托罗，就能知道其余牛群在哪。故选B项。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在炎热的天气里，牛群在托罗肚子下面的阴凉处休息以保持凉爽。A. rainy阴雨的；B. windy有风的；C. cold寒冷的；D. hot炎热的。由下文的“cattle rest in the shade under his belly to keep cool”可知，天气炎热才需找荫蔽处保持凉爽。故选D项。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：托罗的母亲被狮子杀死后，托罗出现了不同寻常的情况。A. unusual不同寻常的；B. natural自然的；C. ashamed羞愧的；D. frightened害怕的。由下文的“Toro survived the attack, but he was left with no one to protect him or give him milk. (托罗在袭击中幸存下来，但没有人保护他或给他奶水)”可知，此处指托罗幸存下来但无法独自为生的不同寻常的情况。故选A项。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在野生动物部的许可下，牧民们把托罗搬到了安德鲁的农场。A. relief解脱；B. worry担心；C. pity遗憾；D. permission许可。由下文的“of the Department of Wildlife”和常识可知，需要野生动物部的许可，牧民才可以在牧场养长颈鹿。故选D项。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于长颈鹿和牛都是群居的以植物为食的动物，它们的行为非常相似。A. individuals个人；B. buildings建筑；C. groups组、群；D. camps营地。由下文的“their behaviors are much the same”和“Toro was accepted into the herd (托罗被接纳进牛群)”可知，托罗和牛群生活在一起，可得出长颈鹿和牛都是群居动物。故选C项。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：托罗被接纳进牛群，在吃草的牛群中漫步。A. discovered发现；B. wandered漫游、闲逛；C. performed表演；D. explored探索。由上文的“Toro was accepted into the herd”可知，托罗成为牛群一份子，可以在吃草的牛群中漫步。故选B项。
【28题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：和许多种类的动物一样，牛群也在争夺领导权。A. compete for争夺；B. spread out分散；C. move around经常搬迁；D. put forward提出。由下文的“leadership”和“tries to be “the boss” (试图成为“老大”)”可知，牛群也在争夺领导权。故选A项。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：托罗身高超过13英尺，是最大公牛的三倍高，但托罗从不试图成为“老大”。A. rarest最珍贵的；B. fastest最快的；C. biggest最大的；D. best最好的。此处将托罗与最大公牛的身高作比较。故选C项。
【30题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：托罗身高超过13英尺，是最大公牛的三倍高，但托罗从不试图成为“老大”。A. often经常；B. sometimes有时；C. never绝不；D. accidentally意外地。由表转折的but可知，此处表托罗从不试图成为“老大”，与上文的“cattle____8____leadership (牛群也在争夺领导权)”形成鲜明对比。故选C项。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：安德鲁说：“他很习惯他们的陪伴。”A. company连队，陪伴；B. competitor竞争者；C. instructor导师；D. enemy敌人。呼应上文的“cattle rest in the shade under his belly to keep cool (牛群在托罗肚子下面的阴凉处休息以保持凉爽)”可知，托罗与牛群相处友好，所以他很习惯自己与牛群在一起，即它们的陪伴。故选A项。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当牛群进入家畜栏时，奶牛和公牛相互推挤。A. match匹配；B. improve提高；C. pull拉；D. push推。由上文的“When the herd enters the kraal (家畜栏), the cows and bulls”和常识可知，家畜栏就那么大，所以牛群进入家畜栏时，会相互推挤。故选D项。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：安德鲁说：“但由于他的身高，托罗不需要加入混乱。”A. anxiety焦虑；B. sadness悲伤；C. mess混乱；D. effort努力。由上文语境可知，托罗身为长颈鹿，因为长得高，所以不需要加入牛群进入家畜栏时相互推挤的混乱中。故选C项。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当被问及托罗是否会被送回野外时，野生动物部的一名官员穆内西表示不会。A. adopted采用；B. hunted捕猎；C. returned返回，送回；D. cured治愈。由下文的“to the wild, Munetsi, an officer of the Department of Wildlife said no”和“In the wild, he would find it difficult to be accepted into another herd or defend himself from being killed by other animals (在野外，他会发现很难被其他动物接纳，也很难保护自己不被其他动物杀死)”可知，此处指就把长颈鹿托罗送回野外这一事情。故选C项。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他看起来自在，受到牛群的尊敬。A. people人们；B. cattle牛群；C. owners主人；D. lions狮子。由上文语境可知，托罗能给牛群预警，牛群在托罗肚子下面的阴凉处休息以保持凉爽，有成为牛群老大的潜力，可得出他会受到牛群的尊敬。故选B项。
第二节 (共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The COVID-19 pandemic (流行病) reduced global greenhouse gas emissions by 7 percent this year, released by the Global Carbon Project on Friday.
“The amount fell by 2.4 billion metric tons____36____the current level of 34 billion metric tons of carbon dioxide (CO2)”, said the study____37____(publish) in the journal Earth Systems Science Data. “The drop occurs___38___(chief) because people are staying home and traveling____39____(little) by car and plane, and emissions____40____(expect) to jump back up after the pandemic ends”, the research team said. The data show that ground transportation makes up about one-fifth of emissions of carbon dioxide. Though the record____41____(drop), the world on average put 1,075 metric tons of CO2 into____42____air every second. The scientists of the study said that long-term emissions trends would be heavily influenced by how____43____(country) power their pandemic recovery plans.
UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres on Tuesday appealed for ambitious climate action,____44____(say) 2021 must be the year_____45_____the world leaps forward into a net-zero emissions future.
【答案】36. to 37. published
38. chiefly
39. less 40. are expected
41. dropped
42. the 43. countries
44. saying 45. when
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了全球碳项目周五公布，新冠肺炎疫情今年使全球温室气体排放量减少了7%并介绍了其背后的原因。
【36题详解】
考查介词。句意：发表在《地球系统科学数据》杂志上的这项研究称，“这一数量减少了24亿吨，达到目前的340亿吨二氧化碳（CO2）水平”。to the (adj.) level of…(达到……的水平)。故填to。
【37题详解】
考查过去分词。句意：发表在《地球系统科学数据》杂志上的这项研究称，“这一数量减少了24亿吨，达到目前的340亿吨二氧化碳（CO2）水平”。本句已有谓语fell且无连词，动词publish用非谓语形式，逻辑主语the study与动词publish是被动关系，用过去分词作后置定语。故填published。
【38题详解】
考查副词。句意：研究小组表示：“下降主要是因为人们呆在家里，开车和飞机旅行减少，预计在疫情结束后，排放量会回升。”副词chiefly作状语，修饰后面的原因状语从句。故填chiefly。
【39题详解】
考查比较级。句意：研究小组表示：“下降主要是因为人们呆在家里，开车和飞机旅行减少，预计在疫情结束后，排放量会回升。”暗含比较含义，意为“相比疫情前，疫情期间开车和飞机旅行减少”，用副词比较级less作状语，修饰动词traveling。故填less。
【40题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：研究小组表示：“下降主要是因为人们呆在家里，开车和飞机旅行减少，预计在疫情结束后，排放量会回升。”be expected to do sth. (预计做某事)，并列句谓语occurs用一般现在时，该空也用一般现在时，主语emissions复数，谓语复数形式。故填are expected。
【41题详解】
考查时态。句意：尽管这一纪录有所下降，但世界平均每秒向空气中排放1075公吨二氧化碳。事情已发生，谓语动词drop用一般过去时。故填dropped。
【42题详解】
考查冠词。句意：尽管这一纪录有所下降，但世界平均每秒向空气中排放1075公吨二氧化碳。用定冠词the，特指空气。故填the。
【43题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：这项研究的科学家表示，长期排放趋势将受到各国如何推动疫情恢复计划的严重影响。根据宾语从句谓语power复数形式，宾语从句主语也是复数形式，用可数名词country的复数形式。故填countries。
44题详解】
考查现在分词。句意：联合国秘书长安东尼奥·古特雷斯（Antonio Guterres）周二呼吁采取雄心勃勃的气候行动，称2021一定是世界迈向净零排放未来的一年。本句已有谓语appealed且无连词，动词say用非谓语形式，逻辑主语UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres与动词say是主谓关系，say用现在分词，表主动，作状语。故填saying。
【45题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：联合国秘书长安东尼奥·古特雷斯（Antonio Guterres）周二呼吁采取雄心勃勃的气候行动，称2021一定是世界迈向净零排放未来的一年。该空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是the year，关系词在从句中作时间状语，用关系副词when。故填when。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华，今天是周六，原定于今天上午和你的朋友小明相约去打篮球，但你们班临时安排今天上午去敬老院(Nursing Home)开展志愿者活动。请根据以下提示给他写一张留言条表达歉意。
内容包括：
1)表达你的歉意；
2)阐述爽约的原因；
3)再约时间。
注意：
1)词数80左右。开头已给，不计入总词数；
2)可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Xiaoming,
We planned to play basketball together this morning.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Xiaoming,
We planned to play basketball together this morning. But I feel so sorry to tell you that I will have to break my promise. This morning, when I was ready to leave home, I got a phone call from my teacher that our class would go to do volunteer work to help the old people in Nursing Home.
I wish you would accept my apologies and understand my situation. Besides, I would appreciate it if you would like to play basketball with me next weekend.
Wish you a good time this morning!
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生就“你们班临时安排今天上午去敬老院(Nursing Home)开展志愿者活动，所以今天上午无法和你的朋友小明相约去打篮球”一事写一张留言条表达歉意；内容包括：1)表达你的歉意；2)阐述爽约的原因；3)再约时间。
【详解】1.词汇积累
违背诺言：break one’s promise→go back on one’s words
帮助：help→assist
理解：understand→make sense of
此外：besides→what’s more
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：But I feel so sorry to tell you that I will have to break my promise.
拓展句：However, I feel so sorry, because I will have to break my promise.
【点睛】【高分句型1】But I feel so sorry to tell you that I will have to break my promise. (运用了that引导的宾语从句)
【高分句型2】This morning, when I was ready to leave home, I got a phone call from my teacher that our class would go to do volunteer work to help the old people in Nursing Home. (运用了when引导的定语从句和that引导的同位语从句)
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
Pets are always an attraction to people, especially when it comes to children. Daniel and his sister Ella always want to have their own pets. One day, under the permission of their parents, the brother and sister decided to buy a pet dog. They headed down to the local pet store and had a look around. It was a very small pet store that did not have many animals.
Mr. Johnson, the owner of the shop, was a nice old man. He walked over and greeted Daniel and Ella.
“What can I do for you?” he asked.
“We would like to buy a pet dog.” Ella responded.
“Ah, well, we are not a big pet shop,” Mr. Johnson told her. “So we only have two dogs to choose from.”
They asked Mr. Johnson to show them the dogs.
Mr. Johnson led them to the back of the store where the two dogs were. One of them was a very big Norwegian Elkhound named Buddha. It looked strong and fierce. The other was a very tiny Papillon named Hiccup. It looked cute and lovely.
Ella wanted the tiny Hiccup, while Daniel wanted Buddha. To make a decision, they walked outside to discuss.
Even after they had a discussion, they couldn’t agree on a dog. Ella suggested they race home for it. The winner of the race would choose the dog.
Daniel agreed. Before the race started, Daniel told Ella that her left shoe was broken. When Ella looked down and realized she was cheated by her brother, Daniel had run off.
Daniel ran as hard as he could. He really wanted that Norwegian Elkhound as a pet. He looked back. Ella was so far behind that he couldn’t even see her.
Daniel finally got home. He was tired but he was happy. He knew he was the winner.
Paragraph 1:
Ella arrived a few minutes after Daniel.
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Paragraph 2:
Mr. Johnson told them that as soon as they left, a little boy and his mom came to his store.
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【答案】Paragraph 1:
Ella arrived a few minutes after Daniel. She looked angry at first, because Daniel cheated her to get a head start. Daniel apologized for cheating her, and explained that he really liked the Elkhound. Ella accepted his apology. They returned to the pet store to purchase Buddha the Elkhound. However, when they arrived at the pet store, they could only see Hiccup the Papillon. They were surprised and asked Mr. Johnson where the other pet dog was.
Paragraph 2:
Mr. Johnson told them that as soon as they left, a little boy and his mom came to his store. That boy liked the Elkhound very much and bought it at a good price. Daniel looked at Ella, and she held back a smile. Both of them did not expect that would happen within a short time. Daniel sighed. He turned back to Mr. Johnson. “Sometimes you win the race, but not the prize!” Daniel said sadly, and pointed to the only dog left, “we’ll take her, please.” Carrying the pet dog, the brother and sister left for their home.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了丹尼尔和他的妹妹艾拉一直想拥有自己的宠物。有一天，在父母的允许下，兄妹俩决定买一只宠物狗。他们来到宠物店，却就选择哪只狗出现了分歧，艾拉和丹尼尔比赛谁先到家谁就选狗。结果丹尼尔作弊，先跑了。结果最后店里只剩下了妹妹想要的那只狗。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“艾拉比丹尼尔晚到几分钟。”可知，第一段可描写兄妹二人回去买狗的经过。
②由第二段首句内容“约翰逊先生告诉他们，他们刚离开，一个小男孩和他的妈妈就来到了他的商店。”可知，第二段可描写两人最后选择的狗以及店主的感悟。
2.续写线索：艾拉因为丹尼尔作弊晚到——解释——接受道歉——到宠物店——发现想要的狗被买走——店主感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
返回：return/go back
购买：purchase /buy
询问：ask/inquire
情绪类
生气：angry /annoyed
惊讶：surprised /amazed
【点睛】[高分句型1] She looked angry at first, because Daniel cheated her to get a head start. (运用了because引导原因状语从句)
[高分句型2] However, when they arrived at the pet store, they could only see Hiccup the Papillon. (运用了when引导时间状语从句)
听力答案：1-5 BCACA 6-10 CBBBC 11-15 ACBBA 16-20 BAACB