【中考一轮复习】2023年中考英语复习学案——第五讲 数词与主谓一致（原卷版+解析版 ）

这是一份【中考一轮复习】2023年中考英语复习学案——第五讲 数词与主谓一致（原卷版+解析版 ），文件包含中考一轮复习2023年中考英语复习学案第五讲数词与主谓一致解析版doc、中考一轮复习2023年中考英语复习学案第五讲数词与主谓一致原卷版doc等2份学案配套教学资源，其中学案共35页， 欢迎下载使用。
考点分析
一、数词
中考对数词的考查主要围绕基数词和序数词的用法、时刻表达法、年、月、日表达法、电话号码及编号、分数的表达法、百分数的表达法、加减乘除表示法、hundred、thusand、millin、billin的用法。卷面中数词所占分值约为 2-3分左右，一般分布在单选、完形填空、翻译中。
二、主谓一致
主谓一致是中考英语的重要语法项目之一，从近年来中考的试题来看，中考主谓一致方面的考题主要考知识的记忆情况。考查主谓一致的常见题型有单项选择，完型填空等。做这类题时，必须找出句子的真正主语，然后根据记忆的知识作出判断。同时，要遵循三个原则：语法一致、意义一致和就近原则。
知识梳理
一、数词
一、基数词和序数词的构成规则
思维导图记知识点
主要掌握1-13及20、21等的序数词的形式，其它序数词都是在基数词末尾加-th，是有规律可循的。
ne—firstsix—sixtheleven—eleventh
tw—secndseven—seventhtwelve—twelfth
three—thirdeight—eighththirteen—thirteenth
fur—furthnine—ninthtwenty—twentieth
five—fifthten—tenthtwenty-ne—twenty-first
thirty—thirtieth
另外，序数词的缩略形式是由阿拉伯数字加序数词的最后两个字母构成。例如：1st, 25th。
基数词记忆口诀：
基数词很容易，0至12词各异，单独记。13至19，以teen结尾不要丢；20至90，整十后面有个ty；几十几，也容易：先说几十，再说几，中间短杠“-”加上去。hundred是一百，
百内数字记心怀。几百几，挺容易：先说几百，再说几，中间and加上去。thusand是一千，
千内数字记心间。
序数词记忆口诀：
基变序，很容易，基后th跟上去，第一、二、三要牢记，因为它们是特殊的（first、secnd、third）。8去t，9去e；ve要用f替，5 和12记心里；y尾单词变ie，此类词都是整十的；上述变化要牢记，th后面跟上去。要变几十几，也是很容易：只变个位就可以。
二、时刻表达法。
思维导图记知识点
表示时刻有两种说法：
1) 先说分钟，后说钟点。几点过几分，分钟不超过三十分钟时用past。例如：
It’s five past eight nw. 现在是八点（过）五分。
几点差几分或差几分几点，差的分钟数不超过二十九分钟时,用t。例如：
It’s twenty-nine t eight. 八点差二十九分。
It’s a quarter t eight. 差一刻八点。
2)先说钟点，后说分钟。在日常生活中，为了简便，常用这种说法。例如：
It’s eight thirty. 八点三十分。
三、年、月、日表达法
思维导图记知识点
年份用基数词表示，一般写为阿拉伯数字，读时可以以hundred为单位，也可以以世纪、年代为单位分别来读。如：1949 读作 nineteen hundred and frty-nine 或 nineteen frty-nine；2000读作twenty hundred，或tw thusand。
表示在哪一年，一般在年份前加介词in，使用year时，year放在数词之前。如：in the year tw fifty-three B.C. 在公元前253年。但是，通常采用in加表示年份的阿拉伯数字。
2）在哪个月用介词in加月份词表示。例如：in May在五月。
3）日期用定冠词the加序数词表示。在哪一天要用介词n。例如：
Natinal Day is n Oct. 1. (=Natinal Day is n the 1st f Octber．) 国庆节是十月一日。
4）美国英语的月份在日期前面, 如：2008年8月3日表达为August 3, 2008；英国英语的习惯是日在月前, 如：3 August 2008或3rd August 2008.
四、电话号码及编号。
编号既可以用序数词，也可用基数词。例如： the first lessn -- Lessn One 第一课
the fiftieth page -- page 50第五十页
有的编号习惯上常用基数词。例如： Rm 829 (读作eight tw nine) 829号房间 
Tel. N. 2793586 (读作Telephne number tw seven nine three five eight six)
五、分数的表达法
分数由基数词和序数词合成。分子用基数词，分母用序数词。分子是1 时，分母用单数形式；分子大于1时，分母用复数形式。例如：1/3 → ne third；2/3 → tw thirds
六、加减乘除表示法。
思维导图记知识点
1)“加”用plus，and或add表示；“等于”用is，make，equal等词表示。
1+2=? 可表示为：Hw much is ne plus tw?
If we add ne t/and tw, we get three．一加二等于三。
2）“减”用 minus表示。
10－6＝? Hw much is ten minus six?
Take six frm ten and the remainder is fur. 十减去六等于四。
3） “乘”用time（动词）或multiply表示。
3X7＝? Hw much is three times seven?
Three multiplied by seven makes twenty-ne．三乘以七等于二十一。
4） “除”用divide的过去分词形式表示。
12 ÷ 4=? Hw much is twelve divided by fur?
Twelve divided by fur equals/gives/makes three．十二除以四等于三。
二、主谓一致
思维导图记知识
主谓一致概述：
谓语受主语支配，须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这叫做主谓一致。主谓一致一般遵循三条原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
1. 语法一致的原则
(1)以单数名词或代词，动词不定式短语作主语时，谓语动词要用单数;主语为复数时，谓语用复数，例如：
He ges t schl early every mrning.
The children are playing utside.
T wrk hard is necessary fr a student.
(2)由and或bth……and连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：
Bth he and I are right.
Mr Black and Mrs Black have a sn called Tm.
但并列主语如果指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数。例如：
His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl.
The pet and writer has cme.
(3)由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each, every修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。例如：
In ur cuntry every by and every girl has the right t receive educatin.
Each man and each wman is asked t help.
(4)主语是单数时，尽管后面跟有 but ,except, besides, with 等介词短语，谓语动词仍用单数。例如：
The teacher with his students is ging t visit the museum.
Nbdy but tw bys was late fr class.
Bread and butter is a daily fd in the west.
(5) 一些只有复数形式的名词，如peple, plice, cattle, clthes等作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。例如：
A lt f peple are dancing utside.
The plice are lking fr lst by.
(6)由each, sme, any, n, every 构成的复合代词作主语时，谓语动词都用单数。例如：
Is everybdy ready?
Smebdy is using the phne.
(7)有两部分构成的物体的名词，如glasses, shes, trusers, chpsticks, scissrs 等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：
Where are my shes? I can’t find them.
Yur trusers are dirty. Yu’d better change them.
如果这类名词前用了a pair f等，则往往用作单数，谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于pair的单复数形式。例如：
Here are sme new pairs f shes.
My new pair f scks is n the bed.
2. 意义一致的原则
(1)表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。例如：
Twenty years is nt a lng time.
Ten dllars is t dear.
(2)有些集合名词，如family, team等作主语时，如作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数;如指其中每个成员，则用复数。例如：
My family is big ne.
My family are watching TV.
(3)不定代词由all, mst, mre, sme, any, nne作主语时，也要依这些代词表示的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果代词代表复数可数名词，谓语动词用复数;如果代词代表单数可数名词或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。例如：
All f the wrk has been finished.
All f the peple have gne.
(4)疑问代词作主语时，其谓语动词也有两种情况：主语表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数;主语表示单数意义，则谓语动词用单数。例如：
Wh is yur brther?
Wh are League members?
(5)“分数或百分数+f+名词”构成的词组作主语时，其谓语动词要以f后面的名词而定。名词是复数，谓语动词用复数：名词是单数，谓语动词用单数。例如：
It is said that 35 per cent f the dctrs are wmen.
Three -furths f the surface f the earth is sea.
(6)half, the rest等表示不定数量的名词作主语时，如果所指为复数意义，动词用复数;如果所指为单数意义，动词用单数。例如：
I have read a large part f the bk, the rest is mre difficult.
Only ten students attended the class because all the rest were ff sick.
(7)由what 引导地主于从句作主语时，通常谓语动词用单数形式。但如果所指内容为复数意义时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：
What she said is crrect.
What she left me are a few ld bks.
(8)凡是以“定冠词+形容词(或分词)”作主语，往往根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果这种主语指的是一类人，谓语动词用复数;如果指的是一个人或抽象概念，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：
The sick have been cured and the lst have been fund.
The dead is a famus persn.
3. 邻近一致的原则
(1)由连词r, either……r, neither……nr, nt nly…but als,等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，则谓语动词按就近一致原则，与最靠近它的主语一致。例如：
Either yu r I am right.
Neither the children nr the teacher knws anything abut it.
(2)在“There be” 句型中,谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。
There are tw apples and ne egg in it.
(3)as well as 和名词连用时,谓语动词和第一个名词相一致。
He as well as I is respnsible fr it.
不但是我，他对这件事也有责任。
(4)以here开头的句子，其谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。
Here is a letter and sme bks fr yu.
三年中考真题
1．（2020·四川资阳·中考真题）The Yangtze River is ________ lngest river in the wrld.
A．threeB．thirdC．the threeD．the third
2．（2020·辽宁朝阳·中考真题）— Hw ld is yur daughter, Mr. Brwn?
— ________. We had a special party fr her ________ birthday last Friday.
A．Twelve; twelfthB．Twelfth; twelveC．Twelve; twelveD．Twelfth; twelfth
3．（2020·广西河池·中考真题）—I have three sft tys in the living rm and twelve in my bedrm.
—Oh dear! S yu have________ sft tys!
A．threeB．nineC．fifteenD．thirty-six
4．（2020·西藏·中考真题）The new bridge is ________ metres lng.
A．six hundred, fifty and fiveB．six hundreds and fifty-five
C．six hundred, fifty-fiveD．six hundred and fifty-five
5．（2021·西藏·中考真题）Qmlangma is the highest muntain in the wrld. It is ver eight ________ meters high.
A．thusands fB．thusand fC．thusandsD．thusand
6．（2021·内蒙古内蒙古·中考真题）The Cmmunist Party f China is 100 years ld this year. We will celebrate her ________ birthday n July 1st.
A．hundredB．the hundredC．hundredthD．the hundredth
7．（2021·青海西宁·中考真题）—I like number “9” best, because I think it stands fr “lng lasting”.
—Me t. S I chse ________ flr t live n.
A．nineB．ninthC．the ninthD．nineteen
8．（2022·西藏·中考真题）The ________ day f Octber is Natinal Day.
A．neB．twC．firstD．secnd
9．（2022·山东东营·中考真题）Dentist: Madam, twenty-five dllars fr pulling yur sn’s tth, please.
Madam: Twenty-five dllars! But yu tld me five dllars each patient.
Dentist: Yes. But yur sn cried s lud. He scared away (吓跑)________ ther patients.
A．furB．fiveC．twentyD．twenty-five
10．（2022·辽宁鞍山·中考真题）—Did yu watch the secnd “Tiangng lecture” (天宫课堂) n March 23, 2022?
—Yes, abut tw ________ students in ur schl watched it.
A．thusandB．thusands fC．millinD．millins f
11．（2022·山东济南·中考真题）The cuple have tw kids. They are happy that they’ll have the ________ ne sn.
A．firstB．secndC．thirdD．furth
12．（2022·广西河池·中考真题）Nwadays, ________ birds fly t the warm suth in winter.
A．millinB．millinsC．tw millinsD．millins f
13．（2020·甘肃兰州·中考真题）Be quiet, please. They _________ a meeting nw.
A．haveB．hadC．are havingD．were having
14．（2020·内蒙古内蒙古·中考真题）The pht________ taken by my classmate last week is very nice.
A．which wereB．that isC．that wereD．which was
15．（2020·广西贺州·中考真题）—Wh can take part in ur schl singing cmpetitin?
—________ Lucy ________ Lily are OK. They’re gd at singing.
A．Either; rB．Neither; nrC．Nt nly; but alsD．Bth; and
16．（2020·广西河池·中考真题）—Where is Mr. Smith?
—He isn't here. He ________Shanghai.
A．has gne tB．has been t
C．have gne tD．have been t
17．（2021·四川巴中·中考真题）—Amazing! Tm gt the best grade in the test last week.
—Nthing ________ impssible. He studies really hard this term.
A．isB．areC．haveD．has
18．（2021·贵州黔西·中考真题） A number f wild elephants are mving twards the nrth in Yunnan Prvince.
A．FewB．SeveralC．LittleD．Much
19．（2021·西藏·中考真题）Sme peple think ne f the mst useful inventins ________ the smartphne.
A．areB．isC．wereD．be
20．（2021·江苏淮安·中考真题）Bth Sandy and Millie ________ interested in cking. They ften learn t ck at weekends.
A．amB．isC．areD．be
21．（2022·西藏·中考真题）The number f the students in ur class ________ fifty-fur.
A．beB．isC．areD．am
22．（2022·贵州黔东南·中考真题）In ur schl library, there _________ a number f bks n art. The number f the bks _________ still grwing larger and larger.
A．is; isB．are; isC．is; areD．are; are
23．（2022·贵州黔西·中考真题）Neither Saturday nr Sunday________ OK because I will be quite busy these tw days.
A．areB．isC．amD．be
24．（2022·贵州铜仁·中考真题）—Using public chpsticks ______ necessary when eating with thers.
—That’s right.
A．isB．areC．wasD．were
两年模拟演练
25．（2021·广西·都安瑶族自治县教学研究室三模）________ f the wrld’s bks and newspapers are written in English.
A．Thirds furB．Threes furthC．Three quarterD．Three quarters
26．（2021·辽宁沈阳·二模）—There are sixty students in ur class. And _________ f us are bys.
—Ww! Yu have thirty-six girls.
A．tw thirdsB．tw fifthsC．ne thirdD．ne furth
27．（2021·广西·平乐县教育局教研室二模）The envirnment here becmes better and better. ________ birds are cming back.
A．Thusands fB．Thusand fC．Thusands
28．（2021·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·二模）— The Cmmunist Party f China will celebrate her ________ birthday this year.
— That’s really exciting.
A．ne hundredsB．ne hundredthC．ne hundred
29．（2021·辽宁·丹东市第十七中学二模）—Dad, Culd yu tell me ________?
—Well, it’s large and full f water. It cvers abut ________ f the earth.
A．hw the sea is; ne thirdB．what the sea is like; three quarters
C．hw’s the sea; three-furthD．what the sea is like; three quarter
30．（2022·青海·治多县第二民族寄宿中学模拟预测）In her ________, she wrte many famus nvels and wn a big prize.
A．thirtyB．thirtiesC．thirtieth
31．（2022·江苏连云港·模拟预测）Ten years later, China’s Qieyang Shijie finally gt the Olympic gld medal(奖牌). She came ________ in the wmen’s 20km race walk at the Lndn 2012 Olympics.
A．the thirdsB．thirdC．threeD．the three
32．（2022·山东·无棣县教育科学研究中心二模）—________ peple prefer HUAWEI phnes, and abut ________ f them are adults.
—Yes. HUAWEI is very ppular nwadays.
A．The number f; fur-fifthsB．A number f; fur-fifth
C．A number f; fur-fifthsD．The number f; fur-five
33．（2022·山东·阳信县教育科学研究中心一模）The cake is delicius. Culd yu give me ________ ne?
A．therB．the therC．antherD．thers
34．（2022·湖北咸宁·模拟预测）The number f the cars in ur neighburhd ________ abut eight ________.
A．is; hundredB．are; hundredC．is; hundredsD．are; hundreds
35．（2021·广西·都安瑶族自治县教学研究室三模）Nt nly Jenny’s parents but als her brther ________ Lndn. They will cme back in a mnth.
A．has been tB．have been tC．has gne tD．have gne t
36．（2021·广西·都安瑶族自治县教学研究室二模）________ the yung ________ the ld are getting interested in WeChat.
A．Nt nly; but alsB．Neither; nrC．Nt; butD．Either; r
37．（2021·山东青岛·一模）Tea ________ in many different areas in China.
A．is plantingB．are grwnC．is prducedD．are picking
38．（2021·山东青岛·一模）Jhn ________ phts with his classmates when it began t rain heavily.
A．were readingB．was takingC．is buyingD．are cleaning
39．（2021·贵州毕节·二模）I hear there ________ a new middle schl in Guiyang next year.
A．will haveB．is ging t be
C．is ging t haveD．are ging t be
40．（2022·陕西·无一模）________ the teachers in ur schl is mre than ne hundred, and ________ f them are wmen teachers.
A．A number f; three furthB．A number f; three furths
C．The number f; three quarterD．The number f; three quarters
41．（2022·重庆江津·一模）The mvie THE BATTLE AT LAKE CHANGJIN is ________ a dcumentary ________ a cmedy. It’s a war mvie.
A．neither; nrB．either; r
C．nt nly; but alsD．bth; and
42．（2022·江苏·常州市武进区星辰实验学校二模）—In fact, everyne has a lamp in himself.
—We shuld light it actively ________ fr thers, ________ fr urselves!
A．either; rB．neither; nrC．nt nly; but alsD．nt; but
43．（2022·甘肃平凉·二模）My sister with my parents ________ dumplings frm seven t nine last night.
A．was makingB．are making
C．is makingD．were making
44．（2022·江苏连云港·模拟预测）—Ww, hw clean and tidy ur streets are nw.
—Dn’t yu knw that Mr. Zhang, tgether with ther cleaners ________?
A．tidies them upB．tidied them up
C．have tidied them upD．has tidied them up