【中考一轮复习】2023年中考英语复习学案——第十讲 非谓语动词（原卷版+解析版）

这是一份【中考一轮复习】2023年中考英语复习学案——第十讲 非谓语动词（原卷版+解析版），文件包含中考一轮复习2023年中考英语复习学案第十讲非谓语动词解析版doc、中考一轮复习2023年中考英语复习学案第十讲非谓语动词原卷版doc等2份学案配套教学资源，其中学案共32页， 欢迎下载使用。


考点分析
动词的非谓语形式包括动词不定式、动名词和分词三种形式；其中分词又包含现在分词和过去分词两种形式。它们在句子中不能单独作谓语，非谓语动词为中考必考考点，考点有动名词、动词不定式的基本用法；动名词、动词不定式作宾语的固定搭配等。考题常在单项填空、完形填空、单词填空中设置1－3分的题。
知识梳理
一、动词不定式
思维导图记知识
1、形式：动词不定式基本形式由“不定式记号t+动词原形”构成。它的否定形式只要在“t” 前面加上“nt”。它的疑问形式是：“wh-疑问词+t+动词原形”。*它的被动形式：“t be +过去分词”。*它的完成形式：“t have +过去分词”。
2、 动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,即可以在句子中作主语、宾语、定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语。但不定式也保留动词的某些特征,即不定式后面可以跟宾语、表语和状语。动词不定式加上相关成分就构成不定式短语。
3、动词不定式可以放在谓语前句子作主语。但是通常将作主语的动词不定式或不定式短语放在谓语后面,而在主语位置用“it”作形式主语(有时在不定式的前面还会用fr sb.表示不定式的逻辑主语)。
如：T help animals is helping peple.(帮助动物就是帮助人)
It is very difficult (fr us) t learn Chinese well.((对于我们而言)学好汉语是非常的困难)
It tk me half an hur t wrk ut this prblem.(解出这道题花了我一个小时的时间)
4、 动词不定式可以作谓语动词(及物动词)的宾语。
1）谓语动词(vt.)+不定式(作宾语)的词有：
want(想) / try(试图) / decide(决定) / wuld like(想要) / hpe(希望)/ lve(喜爱) / learn(学会) / affrd(提供)/ agree(同意) / fail(失败、未能) / mean(意味着) / prefer(宁愿) / wish(希望) + t (d)(无)/help(帮助)t可以省略/begin(开始)/ start(开始)/hate(憎恨) 也可跟动名词,意义变化不大
frget(忘记) / remember(记得)/ like(总爱) 也可跟动名词,意义变化较大
如：I wuld like t have a rest at the mment.(我现在想休息一下)
They began t search the rm fr the thief.(他们开始在屋子里搜寻小偷)
He liked t have a swim in the pl near his huse.(他喜爱在靠家的水塘里面游泳)
When did yu learn t speak English?(你什么时候开始学英语的？)
Dn’t frget t clse the dr when yu leave.(你离开时别忘了关门
[比较] He frgt t turn ff the light.(他忘了关灯.) (没关)
He frgt turning ff the light.(他忘记关过灯.)(关了)
Please remember t ring me up.(记得给我打电话.)(还没打电话)
I remember calling yu yesterday but yu frgt.(我记得昨天给你打电话了,但是你忘记了.)(打过电话)
2）谓语动词+疑问词+不定式的词有：
tell (告诉) / shw (显示) / knw (知道) / ask (问) / find ut (发现) / understand (明白) / wnder(疑惑) / learn(学会) / frget(忘记) / remember(记得) / teach sb.(教某人) / discuss(商讨)what /where/hw + t (d)不定式疑问形式还可以作句子的主语、表语等。
如：He des nt knw which ne t take.(他不知道该选哪个)
Tell me hw t get t the statin.(告诉我怎么样去火车站)
She asked me what t d fr tday’s hmewrk.(她问我今天家庭作业做什么)
Can yu teach me hw t search the internet?(你能教我怎样上网吗？)
3)不定式作宾语而后面又有宾语补足语时,通常用it代替作形式宾语,而不定式则后置。
如： I fund it nt very easy t learn t ride a bike.(我发现学骑车不很容易)
4)动词不定式可以在句子中用作定语,放在名词或代词后面。
a key t lck the dr锁门的钥匙a bxt hld these things装这些东西的箱子
give her a bk t read给她一本书读
Is there any (+名词/代词)t (d)? 有…要(做的)吗?
It’s time t g.是走的时间了。/ 该走了。
D yu have any wrkt d?你有工作要做吗?
I’d like smethingt eat.我要点儿吃的。
I have nthingt say.我没有话要说。
Wuld yu like smethingt drink?你要点儿喝的吗？
5) 动词不定式可以在句子中用 \l "动词的非谓语形式" 作状语,有下列几种情况：
[A] 放在不及物动词(cme, g, stp, finish, wait等词)的后面。
如：He came t see her yesterday.(他昨天来看望她)(表示来的目的)
I stpped t have a rest.(我停下来休息一会儿)(表示停下来的目的)
放在完整的谓语之后(即“谓语+宾语”、“谓语+宾语+补语”、“动词+表语”之后)。
如：We cleaned the rm t let him play in it.(我们打扫了房间以便让他在里面玩)
I pened the windw t see mre clearly.(我打开窗子以便看得更清楚点儿)
有时表示目的的不定式短语可以放在句首。
如：T arrive there n time,I gt up ne hur earlier than usual.(为了按时到达,我们比平时早起了一个小时)(表示早起的目的)
[注意] stp t d 与stp ding的不同。
如：They stpped t have a lk.(他们停下来看看)(不定式作“停下来”的目的状语)
They stpped lking ut f the windw and began t listen t the teahcher.(他们停止向窗外望,开始听老师讲课)(动名词作宾语,表示“停止”的内容)
动词不定式可以在句子中用作表语,限用于连系动词之后。
如：My jb is t keep the gal.(我的工作就是守住球门)
7)动词不定式可以在句子中用作复合宾语中的宾语补足语。
如：Mum asked me t help her with the cking.(妈妈叫我帮助她做饭)
I wuld like yu t see my parents.(我想要你见见我的父母)/
The bss ften made the wrkers wrk 14 hurs a day.(老板常让工人们一天工作14小时)
Nw let me hear yu play the vilin.(现在让我来听你拉小提琴)
[注意] help之后做宾补的不定式符号t可以省略；hear / see / feel / watch之后的宾补用不定式与现在分词时,含义不同,需特别注意,(参见现在分词部分)。试比较：
I heard her crying when I walked past.(我路过时听到她正在哭)(指当时瞬间的情况)
I sat near her and heard her sing the new sng.(我坐在她附近听她唱新歌)(指整个过程)
二、动名词
1、动名词由动词原形加词尾“ing”构成。动名词有动词的特征,可以跟宾语,可以被状语修饰；它也有名词的特征,在句子中可以作主语、宾语(包括介词宾语)等。动名词加相关词语(宾语或状语等)构成动名词短语。
2、动名词可以作主语。一般可用it作形式主语而将动名词短语后移。
如：Learning English all by yurself is nt s easy.(自学好英语不那么容易)
=It is nt s easy learning English all by yurself.
3、动名词可以作宾语。
[A] want / need之后用动名词时,含有被动意思。
如：Yur car needs reparing badly.(你的车急需修理。)(被修)
My hair needs cutting.(我要理发。)(头发被理)
remember / frge / stp / finish之后用动名词时,与用不定式含义不同。
如：I frgt t write a letter t him.(我忘了给他写封信)(根本没写)
I frgt writing a letter t him.(我忘了给他写过信)(写了却忘了)
They stpped t lk back.(他们停下来向后看)(停下的目的是向后看)
They stpped lking back.(他们停止向后看)(不向后看了)
enjy / mind / keep / hate/ g等词一般用动名词作宾语。
如：D yu mind my clsing the dr?(把门关上你介意吗？)/
She hates travelling by air.(她讨厌坐飞机旅行)
They went swimming every afternn.(他们每天下午去游泳)
I enjy walking arund the twn.(我喜欢在镇上转悠)
like / lve / start / begin / learn后面用动名词时,与用不定式意思相近或相同。
如：We began t study English when we were at primary schl.(我们在小学时就开始学英语了) We began studying English when we were at primary schl. (我们在小学时就开始学英语了)
动名词可以作表语,此时特别注意不要与现在进行时混淆。
如：My jb is putting these parts tgether.(我的事情是把这些部件拼起来)
I am putting these parts tgether.(我正在把这些部件拼起来)
动名词与现在分词构成相同,但是含义不同,动名词主要表示事情,而现在分词则主要表示进行着的动作。
如：Eating t much is nt gd fr yur health. (动名词短语,作主语)
Seeing is believing.(动名词短语,分别作主语和表语) /
He ran after a mving bus and gt nt it.(现在分词,作定语) /
His father saw him sitting n sme eggs.(现在分词,作宾补)
三、分词： 包含现在分词和过去分词
1、主要区别：现在分词一般有主动的意思或表示动作正在进行的意思；过去分词有被动或动 作已经完成的意思。分词可以有自己的宾语或状语。
2、分词或分词短语在句子中作定语、状语和复合宾语等。
[A] 作定语：分词作定语时,一般要放在修饰的名词之前,分词短语作定语时,则要放在所修饰的名词之后。
如：I have gt a running nse.(我流鼻涕)
The wman running after the thief shuted very ludly,“Stp the thief!”(跟着小偷追的妇女大喊：捉小偷！)
Yesterday I met a man called Mr. Black.(昨天我遇见了一个名叫布莱克先生的人)
He nly gave me a brken glass,s I was very angry with him.(他只给了我一个坏玻璃杯,所以我很生他的气)
[B] 现在分词可以作下列动词的宾语补足语。(参考不定式作宾语补足语)
如：Mum kept me wrking all the week.(妈妈让我一个星期都在工作)/
When I entered the rm,I saw Jack eating a big pear.(我进入房间时看到杰克正在吃一只大梨子)
In the dark I felt smething very cld mving n my ft.(黑暗之中我感到有个冷的东西在我的脚上移动)
现在分词可以作状语,表示伴随情况。
如：She came int the classrm,hlding a pile f papers in her hand.(他走进教室,手上抓着一沓纸)
I am very busy these days getting ready fr the cming ral test.(这些日子我正忙着准备即将来到的口语考试)
[D] 过去分词可以作表语,放在连系动词后面,但要注意不要与被动语态混淆,“主系表”主要表示状态,而被动语态则表示动作。常用过去分词作表语的结构有：be wrried (焦虑) / be pleased (高兴) / be tired (疲劳) / get dressed (打扮好) / get lst (迷路) / get caught (遭遇) / beme frustrated (沮丧) / becme intereted in (对…感兴趣)等等。例略。
[E] 过去分词可以作宾语补足语。
如：I had my hair cut this mrning.(今天早上我让人给我理了发)(注意：have sth. dne表示动作由别人来做,而have dne sth.则为现在完成时的结构,两个结构不可以混淆)
三年中考真题
1．（2020·青海·中考真题）—Lily is intelligent and hard-wrking, she ________ d well in the singing cmpetitin.
—Sure. She was brn t be a singer.
A．shuldB．mightC．can’t
2．（2020·河北·中考真题） yu smell smething burning? G and see what's happening.
A．CanB．MayC．MustD．Need
3．（2020·江苏连云港·中考真题）If we dn’t prtect nature, sme wildlife___________ die ut in the future.
A．needB．mayC．can’tD．shuldn’t
4．（2020·黑龙江大庆·中考真题）Mr. Jnathan ________ yur new English teacher.
A．maybeB．be mightC．may beD．might is
5．（2020·辽宁朝阳·中考真题）—Culd yu hang ut with me, Kate?
—Srry, I ________. I have t d my hmewrk.
A．culdn'tB．needn'tC．can'tD．shuldn't
6．（2020·四川巴中·中考真题）This bk ________ be Jim’s. His name is n it.
A．mustB．mightC．can’tD．mustn’t
7．（2020·西藏·中考真题）—Lk at that girl! Is it Zhuma?
—N. It ________ be her. Zhuma has gne t her hmetwn.
A．mustn’tB．needn’tC．canD．can’t
8．（2020·广西百色·中考真题）—Must I hand in the reprt nw, sir?
—_____________. Yu can hand it in tmrrw.
A．Yes, yu canB．Yes, yu must
C．N, yu needn'tD．N, yu mustn't
9．（2020·湖南株洲·中考真题）That _________be Mary. She has gne t Changsha n business.
A．can'tB．mustC．may
10．（2020·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）—What a lvely present! Wh sent it? __________it be yur brther?
—It __________be my brther. He desn't knw tday is my birthday.
A．Can; can'tB．Can; mustn't
C．Must; mustn'tD．Must; can't
11．（2021·贵州黔西·中考真题）If farmers ________ start planting rice in salty water, China’s fd supply will surely rise.
A．can’tB．canC．mustn’tD．must
12．（2021·四川资阳·中考真题）—Lucy, culd yu give me sme suggestins n reading?
—OK. My first suggestin is that yu ________ have a gd reading habit.
A．willB．canC．mightD．shuld
13．（2021·四川雅安·中考真题）________ yu hear smene crying? Let’s g and see what’s happening.
A．MayB．NeedC．CanD．Must
14．（2021·西藏·中考真题）—Have yu seen my schl ID card, mum? I can’t find it.
—Oh, it ________ be in yur bkcase. I saw yu put it there last night.
A．can’tB．wuldC．mustn’tD．must
15．（2021·江苏徐州·中考真题）________ yu raise yur feet ff the flr? I’d like t see if my pen is under the desk.
A．MustB．CanC．ShuldD．May
16．（2021·上海·中考真题）—________ I have tw tickets fr the Chinese Farmers’ Painting Exhibitin?
—Srry. The tickets are sld ut.
A．MustB．NeedC．ShuldD．May
17．（2021·江苏无锡·中考真题）Listen up, guys! Everyne ________ wear a mask. G and buy ne if yu dn’t have ne.
A．can’tB．canC．mustn’tD．must
18．（2021·黑龙江牡丹江·中考真题）There is n light n.They _______ be at hme.
A．mustn’tB．can’tC．needn’t
19．（2021·江苏常州·中考真题）—Culd yu play the pian at the age f five?
—N, I ________. I started at six.
A．can’tB．shuldn’tC．needn’tD．culdn’t
20．（2021·山东滨州·中考真题）—Must I study medicine and be a dctr like yu, Dad?
—N, yu ______, sn. Yu’re free t make yur wn decisin.
A．can’tB．mustn’tC．shuldn’tD．needn’t
21．（2022·广西河池·中考真题）As we knw, sixteen-year-lds ________ drive a car in ur cuntry.
A．mustB．culdC．mustn’tD．culdn’t
22．（2022·辽宁盘锦·中考真题）—I can’t find my dictinary. ________ I use yurs?
—Sure, here yu are.
A．NeedB．MayC．MustD．Shuld
23．（2022·四川达州·中考真题）— Exercising is gd fr ur health.
— Yu’re right. S I’d rather ________ an hur’s walk than ________ in frnt f the cmputer.
A．t take; sitB．take; sitC．take; sittingD．t take; sitting
24．（2022·江苏常州·中考真题）T achieve ur dream, we ________ rest n what we have dne.
A．may ntB．shuld ntC．need ntD．culd nt
25．（2022·湖北荆州·中考真题）—Mike, I can’t stp playing cmputer games.
—Fr yur eyes, my dear friend, I’m afraid yu ________ .
A．culdB．mayC．wuldD．have t
26．（2022·贵州黔东南·中考真题）When ur parents becme t ld t take care f themselves ne day, they __________ be lked after well by us.
A．shuldB．shuldn’tC．mayD．may nt
27．（2022·河北·中考真题）—D I have t hand in my reprt nw?
—Of curse, yu ________. We’re ging t discuss it.
A．canB．can’tC．mustD．mustn’t
28．（2022·湖北武汉·中考真题）—Alex, cme dwn t play ftball.
—I can’t. Mm said I ________ clean my bedrm befre ding anything else.
A．had tB．willC．used tD．can
29．（2022·浙江温州·中考真题）—Thmas, where are my pstcards? I ________ find them.
—They’re n the bkshelf.
A．can’tB．needn’tC．mustn’tD．shuldn’t
30．（2022·江苏连云港·中考真题）The public sign in the library means peple ________ smke there.
A．culdB．mustC．culdn’tD．mustn’t
两年模拟演练
31．（2021·贵州毕节·二模）—Wh’s that by in a black mask in the pht, Jhn？
—It’s my brther. This pht ________ in February when he was a vlunteer.
A．might takeB．can tk
C．is takenD．might be taken
32．（2021·浙江·温州市瓯海区潘桥中学二模）Since Mary has lent me the crayns fr my art lessn, I ________ fetch them frm hme.
A．shuldn’tB．needn’tC．culdn’tD．mustn’t
33．（2021·湖北武汉·二模）—I thught yu tld Amy what wuld happen if she didn’t fllw the rules.
—I did. But she just ________ listen t me n matter what I tld her.
A．mustn’tB．shuldn’tC．culdn’tD．wuldn’t
34．（2021·安徽亳州·三模）—Can we walk acrss the rad nw, dad?
—N, we _________. We have t wait until the light turns green.
A．culdn’tB．shuldn’tC．needn’tD．mustn’t
35．（2021·四川乐山·二模）—Mum, I’m ging climbing. Must I clean the rm nw?
—N, yu _________. Yu can d it this evening.
A．can’tB．mustn’tC．needn’t
36．（2021·江苏淮安·二模）Hw nice the fd smells! I’m sure it ________ taste delicius.
A．mustB．canC．mayD．shuld
37．（2021·江苏徐州·二模）Yu shuld ________ making a nise in the public places.
A．admireB．allwC．avidD．affect
38．（2021·新疆·模拟预测）—Whse ntebk is this?
—It ________ be Alan’s. It lks like his.
A．mustB．can’tC．mightD．mustn’t
39．（2021·湖北黄石·一模）Life is invaluable. This is a price we ________ pay and a price is wrth ________.
A．can; payB．might; paidC．must; payingD．will; pays
40．（2021·云南临沧·一模）—Where is my raincat, mum?
—It’s such a fine day tday. Yu ________ take a raincat with yu.
A．can’tB．mustn’tC．needn’tD．shuldn’t
41．（2022·四川自贡·一模）A hard-wrking man ________ becme a great scientist, but a great scientist ________ be a hard-wrking man.
A．can’t; canB．may nt; mustC．may nt; can
42．（2022·四川乐山·模拟预测）—Is that Mr. Smith ver there?
—It _________be him! He has gne t Chengdu fr a meeting.
A．mustn’tB．can’tC．may nt
43．（2022·江苏镇江·二模）Yu ________ pay t much attentin t yur prnunciatin, as it is s imprtant in ral test.
A．shuldn’tB．mustn’tC．can’tD．needn’t
44．（2022·江苏·无锡市蠡园中学二模）We ________ never pay t much attentin t prtecting urselves frm catching the virus.
A．shuldB．mustC．mayD．can
45．（2022·江苏镇江·二模）Omicrn is much mre serius than we thught. We ________ g n carrying ut “the dynamic clearing plicy”（清零政策）.
A．canB．mustC．mayD．culd
46．（2022·江苏南通·模拟预测）— Lily, why des ur teacher always ask us t practise handwriting?
— Because it’s imprtant in exams. We ________ pay t much attentin t it.
A．mustn’tB．shuldn’tC．needn’tD．can’t
47．（2022·河北保定·二模）—Wh is the girl singing in the music rm? Is it Mary?
— N, it________be her. She is nw n business in Shanghai.
A．mustB．can’tC．canD．mustn’t
48．（2022·江苏苏州·二模）With their new lck, yu __________ search fr keys in yur bag any mre. Isn’t it cl?
A．needn’tB．can’tC．mustn’tD．shuldn’t
49．（2022·青海·西宁市第十二中学二模）—Lk! It ________ be Linda in the music hall.
—It ________ be her. Because I saw her in the library a mment ag.
A．may; mustn’tB．must; can’tC．can; can’tD．can; mustn’t
50．（2022·浙江·温州外国语学校三模）—I’m afraid I can’t finish the paper n time.
—Dn’t wrry. Yu ________ cmplete it tday. Yu can hand it in tmrrw.
A．can’tB．mustn’tC．shuldn’tD．needn’t
谓 语 动 词(vt.)
+ 宾语 (人 / 物)
+不定式 (作宾语补足语)
ask(请) / tell(关照) / teach(教) / want(想要) / wuld like(想要) / get(让) / help(帮) / invite(邀请) / like(喜欢) / warn(警告) /
+sb. / sth.
+t (d)
make(使得) / let(让) / hear(听) / see(看) / feel(感觉) / watch(观看)/ have(使得) / help(帮助)
+sb. / sth.
+ (d)
谓语动词(vt.)
宾语
宾语补足语
keep(保持) / see(看到) / hear(听到) / watch(注意到) / feel(感觉到)
sb./sth.
(d)ing