专题16 阅读理解 考点4 议论文-2022年中考英语真题分项汇编 （全国通用）

专题16 阅读理解

考点4 议论文

（一）（2022·湖北十堰·中考真题）

There is no doubt that technology has had a big influence on our lives. People from all around the world can now talk to each other almost at once on mobile phones and the Internet. People can easily solve their problems with the help of computers and the world wide web. With this technology, it seems that the world is more connected now than ever before. Even so, there have been worries about technology making people feel lonely and disconnected from others around them.

So does this mean that technology makes us lonely?

In my opinion, it is hard to say Yes or No.

It’s true that humans need communication with each other. If we depend on technology too much to communicate, this can badly impact our mental (心理的) health. For me, technology is a tool. And just like any other kind of tool — like scissors, a pencil or a ruler, for example, it depends on how we use it: in a right way or in a right place. Take social media (社交媒体) as an example. If you only use it to compare yourself with others, you might feel sad and lonely. But if you use it as a tool to connect with friends and family or to start a new community to talk about your hobbies and interests, the loneliness will turn into love and friendship.

When you feel lonely after staring at your computer screen all day, maybe you can use that technology to reach out to a reliable (可靠的) friend and invite him or her out for lunch or a coffee.

36．According to the writer, technology is ________ .

A．a tool B．an influence

C．a pair of scissors D．a way of communication

37．What’s the meaning of the underlined word “impact” in Paqugraph 4?

A．帮助 B．促进 C．影响 D．进入

38．According to the passage, if people use technology too much, people may ________ .

A．sleep less B．live longer C．feel lonely D．get more jobs

39．When we use technology to________ others, we can find love and friendship.

A．argue with B．compete with C．connect with D．compare with

40．What’s the main idea of the passage?

A．Social media is important to us. B．Technology can be good and bad to us.

C．People need to communicate with each other. D．Computers and the Internet help us with our work.

（二）（2022·河北·中考真题）

Nobody wants to lose, but we must accept that losing is a part of life. After all, we can’t win all the time. However, we can learn something valuable from every failure（失败）. This may help us succeed in the future. So we must know how to be a good loser.

We must not be afraid of losing. When we lose, just take it with a smile and look on the bright side of it. Failure can’t be avoided in our life. Edison failed 10,000 times before he invented the light bulb（灯泡）. When he was asked how he felt, he said that he hadn’t failed 10,000 times but had learned 10,000 things which didn’t work. We must know that history is full of examples of men and women who achieved success although they failed many times.

Losing is not very disgraceful. We must accept our failure and learn to take advantage of it. Remember that it can be helpful. Take action to walk out of it. When we lose, think about what we did and how we can improve. If someone else can help, we’ll be lucky enough. Maybe he or she has been through the same experience before. Many people enjoy helping others solve problems. This can save us a lot of time in learning how to avoid the same mistakes in the future.

We should face our failure when we lose. There is only one winner in every competition. Some win, while some lose. That is a usual way of life. If we offer our congratulations（祝贺）to the winners and share in their happiness, we won’t feel sorry for our failure.

In a word, being a good loser will help us to succeed in life. It might be painful at the beginning, but there are many advantages. Good losers set examples to us, and most importantly, they finally win.

31．What can we learn from every failure according to the text?

A．A way of life. B．A valuable thing. C．A general rule. D．A secret of success.

32．In the writer’s eyes, why did Edison achieve success?

A．He got help from others. B．He happened to make it.

C．He avoided possible mistakes. D．He saw the bright side of losing.

33．What does the underlined word “disgraceful” probably mean?

A．Bad. B．Personal. C．Dangerous. D．Interesting.

34．What does the writer advise the losers to do in a competition?

A．Express the regrets. B．Forget the failure.

C．Share in the winners’ enjoyment. D．Join in another competition.

35．What is the best title for the text?

A．Ideas about How to Avoid Mistakes B．Experience in Dealing with Problems

C．Advice on How to Be a Good Loser D．Advantages of both Success and Failure

（三）（2022·山东泰安·中考真题）

Counting the hairs on your head would be very difficult. Many have tried, but most people give up after losing count or getting bored! However, scientists say people have more than 100,000 hairs on their heads on average. Of course, this number is different from person to person. Some people have much more hair than others.

What causes hair loss? There are many reasons, such as stress, illness and styling. It also runs in families. Besides, many people simply lose hair as they grow older. To avoid losing hair, you should wash your hair correctly and condition（养护）your hair to help keep your hair healthy. It’s also important to be gentle when brushing or combing hair.

Hair loss is not the same as daily shedding（脱落）. People lose an average of 50 to 100 hairs a day. It’s normal. If you are losing more hair than average, talk to the adults you trust. They can help you decide whether to ask a doctor for help.

Why do humans have hair on their heads? Most other mammals（哺乳动物）have thick fur（毛）covering their whole bodies. While humans grow small and fine（细微的）hairs on much of their skin, it’s much thicker on the top of the head. Scientists say the answers come down to evolution. Humans probably evolved without fur because they have more sweat glands（汗腺）than other mammals. Humans walk upright on two legs. Therefore, the top of their heads needs protection from the sun. This is why people have more hair on their heads than on the rest of their bodies. The hair also helps keep heat in cold weather and keep a healthy body temperature.

18．How many reasons for hair loss are mentioned in Paragraph 2?

A．3 B．4 C．5 D．6

19．You can take the following measures（措施）to avoid losing hair except ________.

A．wearing a hat all the time B．washing your hair correctly

C．brushing or combing hair gently D．conditioning your hair

20．What does the underlined word “evolution” mean in the last paragraph?

A．进化 B．发育 C．天生 D．训练

21．What can we learn from the passage?

A．In general, it’s easier for young people to lose hair than old people.

B．The hair on human heads helps keep heat in cold weather.

C．If you lose 50 to 100 hairs every day. you must ask a doctor for help.

D．All the mammals have thick fur covering their whole bodies because they have no sweat glands.

（四）（2022·浙江湖州·中考真题）

①There are lots of things that cause stress (压力) in our lives, such as school problems, arguments with friends and sometimes bad feelings about ourselves. We all experience stress at times, but it’s important to manage it properly and reduce (减少) its influence. Here are some helpful tips for dealing with stress.

②Sometimes we feel stressed without understanding the reason. So whenever you’re stressed, you should stop and think. What is really happening? How can you improve the situation? Try keeping a diary about your problems and the possible causes.

③Do you always wait until Sunday evening to do homework? This bad habit can cause “ last-minute ” stress, as well as poor grades. To avoid that, time management is greatly needed. Plan your studies and other activities with a calendar. You can also divide big projects into smaller tasks. In this way, you’ll always know how much time you really have.

④Besides, healthy habits are very important for reducing stress. Be sure to eat healthy meals and get at least eight hours of sleep. Avoid checking your mobile phone or using the computer before bedtime. It will keep you awake!

⑤When you’re feeling stressed, it’s helpful to speak to someone who understands your situation, such as your friends and families. Sometimes it’s enough to talk about your problems and share your feelings. Other times, however, you might need advice or suggestions. Don’t keep your worries to yourself.

⑥Finally, relaxation is important, Find some free time for activities that you enjoy, such as sports, hobbies and meeting with friends. For example, seeing a film or hanging out after 5 days’ study could be a good choice. If you find some time to relax and enjoy yourself, you’ll feel refreshed, have more energy, and reduce your level of stress.

19．What advice does the writer give to reduce stress in Paragraph 3?

A．Stop and think. B．Manage your time. C．Watch your health. D．Reach out for help.

20．How does the writer develop Paragraph 6?

A．By telling stories. B．By listing numbers. C．By asking questions. D．By giving examples.

21．Which of the following is the structure of the passage?

A． B． C． D．

（五）（2022·浙江宁波·中考真题）

Recently, many people think it’s risky to use credit (信用) card numbers online. However, from time to time, we all use passwords and ID numbers on the Internet. We think we are safe, but that may not be true! A new kind of attack (攻击) is being used by dishonest people to steal IDs and credit card numbers from web surfers. This new kind of attack is called “phishing”.

Phishing sounds the same as the word “fishing”, and it means that a thief is trying to trick people into giving away valuable information. Like real fishermen, phishers use bait (诱饵) in the form of great online deals or services. For example, phishers might use false emails and websites to trick people into revealing (透露) credit card numbers, account usernames, and passwords. They imitate (模仿) well-known banks, online sellers, and credit card companies. Successful phishers may make as many as 5% of the people believe and give away their personal information.

It’s really a big problem! Actually, tricking 5% of the online population is huge. Now more than 4.6 billion people have access (进入权) to the Internet, and 75% of those Internet users live in the wealthiest countries on Earth. It has been reported that phishers send more than 40 billion false messages each year. Even by tricking only 5% of the people, phishers can make a lot of money.

Amy, 18, from California, received an email. A man told Amy that she could get a million dollars in her account as a reward if she sent a thousand dollars to him. Amy did as the man said at once. The “thief” used Amy’s Social Security number to get credit cards in her name and transferred her money.

How can people avoid being cheated online? Above all, they have to learn to recognize the email that has been sent by a phisher. Always be careful with any email with urgent (紧急的) requests for personal information. Phishers typically write upsetting or exciting, but false, statements in their emails so that people will reply right away. Never give out personal information to phishers. And if an offer sounds too good to be true, it is.

27．Phishing is compared to ________ according to the passage.

A．making money B．playing games C．catching fish D．writing emails

28．Which writing skill is used in Para. 3?

A．Giving examples. B．Listing numbers. C．Raising questions. D．Using sayings.

29．Which of the following in the dictionary best explains the underlined word “transfer” in Para. 4?

transfer v. (transferred, transferring)

①to move from one place, school, job etc to another

②to connect the call of someone to someone else’s

③to move money from one account to another

④to change from one bus, plane etc to another

A．① B．② C．③ D．④

30．Besides introducing what phishing is, the writer also tells us how to ________.

A．help to catch phishers B．reply to urgent emails

C．pay by credit card D．protect ourselves online

（六）（2022·安徽·中考真题）

The Search-for-Lost-Birds list has come to public attention recently. It lists ten kinds of birds that have not been seen in the wild for at least fifteen years. The list is calling on people to search for the rarest (最珍稀的) birds on Earth.

There could be several reasons for the long disappearances of the birds on the list. Maybe there have been no studies in areas where they live. Maybe people don’t know where or how to find them. Maybe there are changes to their natural homes because of human activities.

This year, four expeditions (考察队) are planning to find eight kinds of birds. If any of these lost birds are found, ways can be found to protect them and help their populations grow. This has happened with birds like the Madagascar pochard. The number of this once-lost kind of bird is now increasing.

38．How many kinds of birds are on the Search-for-Lost-Birds list?

A．Four. B．Eight. C．Ten. D．Fifteen.

39．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?

A．Changes of the living areas of the birds. B．Suggestions on how to protect the birds.

C．Reasons for the disappearances of the birds. D．Steps of building natural homes for the birds.

40．What can we learn about the Madagascar pochard?

A．It has not been found till now. B．It has a larger population than before.

C．It needs to live close to humans. D．It provides protection for other birds.

41．What is the best title (标题) for the text?

A．Ways to Raise Rare Birds B．Bird-lovers Around the World

C．Searches for the Lost Birds D．Stories About Birds in the Wild