【备考2023】高考英语热点+重难点专题特训学案（全国通用）——名校模拟练01阅读理解

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名校模拟练01阅读理解
应用文




（每篇限时7分钟）
（2022·江西·临川一中模拟预测）The COVID-19 pandemic is causing worldwide concern for elementary and secondary school students’ mental condition. The following are some possible activities that can be carried out to help them and also create a safe and healthy school environment.
John’s and Mary’s thoughts
Students are presented with a picture which says that John and Mary have different thoughts after they have heard of the coronavirus (冠状病毒). Then students are invited to guess and write the characters’ thoughts on the picture. This activity uses a “projective” method, as students are not asked what their feelings are, but instead, they project their feelings onto the characters.
When I’m worried
After talking about what the characters may think, students can now turn their attention to themselves. They are asked to list their common worries, but most importantly, they are directed to think about some response measures and the helpful relationships they can rely on. This is a vital exercise, for it shifts students’ focus from their worries to the coping strategies.
Seeking a balance
Students are asked to provide three key recommendations to prevent infection. Teachers can pick out the positive behavior and correct any incorrect suggestions. It’s also important to strike a balance between the recommended healthy behavior and the concept that microorganisms are a natural part of the environment and that many of them play a key role in sustaining human life.
Videos to know and understand viruses
It is advisable to plan science lessons on microorganisms. Students can know more about the pandemic by studying microbial (微生物的) life, and thus they can understand what viruses are and how they spread. But be careful not to bring anxiety—avoid talking about scary messages.
20．Which activity helps students express their feelings indirectly?
A．Seeking a balance. B．John’s and Mary’s thoughts.
C．When I’m worried. D．Videos to know and understand viruses.
21．Why is the second activity important to reduce students’ worries?
A．It puts students at ease.
B．It enables students to share experiences.
C．It directs students’ attention to the solutions.
D．It helps students to establish good relationships.
22．What can students learn from the last two paragraphs?
A．The concept of science. B．Suggestions to prevent infection.
C．Knowledge about microorganisms. D．Positive behavior to stay healthy.
20．B    21．C    22．C
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了疫情期间可在学校开展的四项有利于为学校创造一个更为健康的学习环境的活动。
20．细节理解题。根据文章第一个活动 John’s and Mary’s thoughts 中的最后一句“This activity uses a “projective” method, as students are not asked what their feelings are, but instead, they project their feelings onto the characters.(这个活动采用了一种“投射”的方法，学生不会被问到他们的感受是什么，而是把他们的感受投射到人物身上。)”可知，学生需要将自己的感受投射到图片中的人物中去，所以是间接表达自己的感受。故选B项。
21．细节理解题。根据文章第二个活动 When I’m worried 中的最后一句“This is a vital exercise, for it shifts students’ focus from their worries to the coping strategies.(这是一个非常重要的练习，因为它将学生的注意力从担忧转移到应对策略上。)”可知，这一活动的重要意义在于帮助学生将注意力从焦虑转移到寻找应对策略上。故选 C项。
22．细节理解题。根据文章第三个活动 Seeking a balance中的“It’s also important to strike a balance between the recommended healthy behavior and the concept that microorganisms are a natural part of the environment and that many of them play a key role in sustaining human life.(同样重要的是，要在推荐的健康行为和微生物是环境的自然组成部分，并且其中许多微生物在维持人类生命方面发挥着关键作用的概念之间取得平衡。)”和第四个活动 Videos to know and understand viruses中的“Students can know more about the pandemic by studying microbial(微生物的)life, and thus they can understand what viruses are and how they spread.(学生们可以通过研究微生物生命来更多地了解大流行，从而了解什么是病毒以及它们是如何传播的。)”可知，学生在这两个活动中都能学习到关于微生物的知识。故选C项。
记叙文



（河北省石家庄二中2021-2022学年高三联考）
The bell rang. Jada sighed, slowly moved from the lockers where she had been leaning, and headed down the hall to her chemistry class. Honors Chemistry! Jada couldn't believe that her mom was making her take the class because Jada's counselor had said that she had real talent in science.
Jada had to admit that she liked science and that last year's class was a breeze, but come on, Honors Chemistry? She wouldn’t know anyone in the class，and they probably wouldn't know anyone like her.
The good thing about being late is that it shortened the period a bit. The bad thing is that it made her seem like she was making a grand entrance. To make matters worse, the only two seats left in class were at the lab table at the very front of the room.
Jada held her breath and walked in. Everyone's eyes were on her. She just knew it. They were staring at her coal black hair (freshly dyed), her black lipstick, her black fingernail polish, and her thrift-store black leather jacket. All she saw were polo shirts and khaki pants.
This can’t get any worse, Jada thought. But at least she didn't get shouted at by the teacher. He was too busy talking to a new kid, a HUGE new kid, who had to weigh at least 250 pounds. A football player, probably. She hated football players. They thought they were so great. That group of jocks that hung out by the cafeteria always made fun of her.
The new kid made his way over to her table with his head down. He had to squeeze into the seat, and his legs wouldn't fit under the lab table. He shot Jada a glance and turned red.
Mr. Martin, the teacher, began class with this announcement: "Okay, everyone. I know most of you know each other from last year's Honors Physical Science class." Jada sighed loudly."But just take a minute and introduce yourself to the person sitting at your table. You'll be partners. You'll be working closely together all year."
Jada rolled her eyes and stared straight ahead. Then she heard a surprisingly soft voice from next to her. "Hi, I'm Robert. I'm new here."...
4．What can you learn about Jada from the first two paragraphs?
A．She found she didn't like science as she thought.
B．She was angry that her mother made her go to school.
C．She wasn't willing to take the Honors Chemistry class.
D．She thought this year's chemistry class would be a breeze,
5．The writer described Jada's appearance in paragraph 4 in order to_______.
A．reveal how different she was from her classmates
B．explain why she was late for school that morning
C．imply that she felt sorry for making a grand entrance
D．give readers a general impression of science students
6．In paragraph 5, the phrase "that group of jocks" refers to _______.
A．the new kid B．football players
C．Jada's teacher D．Jada's classmates
7．What can we learn about the new kid according to the passage2?
A．He was shy. B．He was rude.
C．He liked sports. D．He looked sad.

【答案】
4．C
5．C
6．B
7．A
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Jada第一次上化学课迟到的经历以及她的心理活动。
4．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“The bell rang. Jada sighed, slowly moved from the lockers where she had been leaning, and headed down the hall to her chemistry class.（铃声响了。杰达叹了口气，慢慢地从她一直倚靠的储物柜里走出来，朝走廊走去上化学课）”和文章第二段“Jada had to admit that she liked science and that last year's class was a breeze, but come on, Honors Chemistry? She wouldn’t know anyone in the class，and they probably wouldn't know anyone like her.（Jada不得不承认她喜欢科学，去年的课很轻松，但是得了吧，荣誉化学?她不认识班里的任何人，他们可能也不认识像她这样的人）”可知，Jada对于上化学课有些抵触，所以才会在第一次上课时，响铃之后，慢悠悠的起身去教室，并且在新班级也没有任何认识的人。由此可推知，她不愿意上化学课。故选C。
5．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“The bad thing is that it made her seem like she was making a grand entrance.（糟糕的是，这让她看起来像是在隆重登场）”和第四段“They were staring at her coal black hair (freshly dyed), her black lipstick, her black fingernail polish, and her thrift-store black leather jacket.（他们盯着她乌黑的头发(刚染的)，黑色的口红，黑色的指甲油，还有她在旧货店买的黑色皮夹克）”可知，Jada已经预料到了迟到会让她的出现看起来很隆重，第四段里作者描述Jada与众不同的外表，更能凸显出她因为迟到受到大家的注意而感到心虚和抱歉。故选C。
6．词句猜测题。根据上文“She hated football players. They thought they were so great.（她讨厌足球运动员。他们觉得自己很了不起）”以及该词组所在的句子“That group of jocks that hung out by the cafeteria always made fun of her.（在自助餐厅附近闲逛的那群运动员总是取笑她）”可知，that group of jocks指代前文的“football players”。故选B。
7．推理判断题。根据文章第六段“The new kid made his way over to her table with his head down.（新来的孩子低着头向她的桌子走去）”以及“He shot Jada a glance and turned red.（他朝杰达瞥了一眼，脸就红了）”可推知，新来的孩子很害羞。故选A。
（山东省济南外国语学校2021-2022学年高三月考）The idea of getting a tattoo (纹身) copy popped into Prue’s head when he noticed that his 8-year-old son refused to take his shirt off in the swimming pool. Prue realized that his son was starting to be aware of his birthmark, which covers a huge part of his chest.
Prue secretly went to a tattoo shop. The tattoo he wanted had to be identical to his son’s birthmark, so they had to do it in nine sessions. “The first sitting was close to four hours. And I didn’t really look to see what was going on,” said Prue. “’So I thought at the end of four hours it was done. So I asked, ‘Is it almost done?’ and he said, ‘I’m almost done the outline.”
It has been a bit of a process for Prue as well as painful experience. Because of the size and the position of the birthmark he was trying to copy, he had to suffer a lot of pain. Tony Gibert, the tattoo artist, said that the area has very sensitive nerve endings which gave Prue so much discomfort and undesirable sensations. Pain hours added up to nearly thirty hours in total.
In a video where the son saw his dad’s tattoo, he can be heard saying, “that’s cool.” This time, without any hesitation, he took off his shirt and jumped in the swimming pool. Apparently, his dad’s action changed his perspectives, which made him feel confident again. As expected, his son was so happy to see it but also a little confused, not expecting his dad would do it.
Despite all the pain and long hours of waiting, Prue never felt discouraged. What mattered to him was to make his son happy and help bring back his self-confidence.
1．Where was Prue’s tattoo?
A．On the face. B．On the neck. C．On the chest. D．On the leg.
2．How long did Prue take on the tattoo in all?
A．Four hours. B．Twelve hours. C．Twenty hours D．Thirty hours.
3．How did the son feel on seeing the tattoo?
A．Painful. B．Delighted. C．Sensitive. D．Discouraged.

【答案】
1．C
2．D
3．B
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了作为爸爸的Prue在意识到8岁的儿子因为胸部的胎记自卑后，花了30个小时纹身（和儿子胎记一模一样），这帮助儿子找回了自信。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Prue realized that his son was starting to be aware of his birthmark, which covers a huge part of his chest. (Prue意识到他的儿子开始在意他胸部很大一块的胎记)”和第二段中“The tattoo he wanted had to be identical to his son’s birthmark, so they had to do it in nine sessions. (他想要的纹身必须和他儿子的胎记一模一样，所以他们必须分9个阶段完成)”可知，Prue的纹身在胸部。故选C项。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Pain hours added up to nearly thirty hours in total. (疼痛时间加起来总共将近30个小时)”可知，Prue在纹身上共花了30个小时。故选D项。
3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“As expected, his son was so happy to see it but also a little confused, not expecting his dad would do it. (不出所料，儿子看到后很高兴，但也有点困惑，没想到父亲会这么做)”可知，儿子看到纹身后很高兴。故选B项。


说明文



（2022·河南·模拟预测）Parents annoyed by their little ones’ picky food choices often sigh in anger, thinking, “They’ll grow out of it by college.” Maybe not, suggests a new study from Bowling Green State University in Ohio. Some young people continue their picky eating into early adulthood, often restricting their diets to 10 foods or even fewer. Such a deficient diet can mean they’re not getting the fibre and vegetables they need, which could be a health problem. They study also suggests picky eaters may also be experiencing other challenges such as social phobias (恐惧症), including around eating. The social phobia is the fear of being judged by others during everyday activities, often resulting in fear or embarrassment.
For the study, researchers surveyed 488 Midwestern college students. About 40% of the students were identified as picky eaters. And about 65% of those respondents said they ate fewer than 10 foods. “We asked participants to just tell us what challenges around picky eating might have had or any benefits they might see, and people answered differently in terms of what has an effect on them,” said co-author Lauren Dial, a doctoral student at Bowling Green State at the time of the study.
Many indicated they’d eat less or not at all outside the home. One 19-year-old man said he’d drink water half the time “due to my picky eating”, according to the study. Another 18-year-old said, “Sometimes there are some awkward comments when I am eating with my girlfriend and her family.” A 23-year-old woman said her parents would get frustrated at her refusal to try the foods she was served.
“Picky eating does have a lot to do with the presentation of foods (how they’re presented on a plate), and the texture (口感) of foods (is it a consistent texture),” Dial Said, “but there’s also fear of trying new foods and that might play into picky eating.” By learning more about picky eating in adults, the researchers said they may be able to determine how best to intervene (干预) before the problem becomes more severe for some people.
1．What can best replace the underlined word “deficient” in paragraph 1?
A．Limited. B．Low-fat. C．Balanced. D．High-fibre.
2．What were the participants asked to do during the research?
A．Record how often they eat out. B．Ignore what influences their eating.
C．Express how picky eating affects them. D．Count how many kinds of foods they prefer.
3．How does the author mainly develop paragraph 3?
A．By presenting data. B．By providing examples.
C．By following time order. D．By making comparisons.
4．What can be inferred about picky eating the last paragraph?
A．It has something to do with family traditions.
B．It can be easily cured by researchers.
C．It often comes along with serious mental illnesses.
D．It can have both physical and mental reasons.
1．A    2．C    3．B    4．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。一项关于大学生的研究表明，那些自认为挑食的人往往伴随着社交恐惧症。
1．词义猜测题。根据第一段的“Some young people continue their picky eating into early adulthood, often restricting their diets to 10 foods or even fewer. (一些年轻人在成年早期仍然挑食，经常把他们的饮食限制到10种食物，甚至更少)”可知，这是有限的饮食。由此推知，划线词deficient与limited(有限的)意思接近。故选A项。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段的“We asked participants to just tell us what challenges around picky eating they might have had or any benefits they might see, and people answered differently in terms of what has an effect on them(我们请参与者告诉我们他们关于挑食遇到的难题以及他们看到的益处，在能够影响到他们的因素上，他们的回答不尽相同)”可知，参与者需要表达挑食是如何影响他们的。故选C项。
3．推理判断题。根据第三段“One 19-year-old man said he’d drink water half the time “due to my picky eating”, according to the study. Another 18-year-old said, “Sometimes there are some awkward comments when I am eating with my girlfriend and her family.” A 23-year-old woman said her parents would get frustrated at her refusal to try the foods she was served. (根据这项研究，一名19岁的男子说，他有一半的时间是喝水的，“因为我挑食”。另一位18岁的网友说：“当我和女朋友及其家人一起吃饭时，有时会听到一些尴尬的评论。”一名23岁的女子说，如果她拒绝尝试他们提供给她的食物，她的父母会感到沮丧)”可知，作者主要是通过提供例子展开第三段的。故选B项。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段的““Picky eating does have a lot to do with the presentation of foods (how they’re presented on a plate), and the texture (口感) of foods (is it a consistent texture),” Dial Said, “but there’s also fear of trying new foods and that might play into picky eating.”(“挑食确实与食物的摆放（它们在盘子里的摆放方式）和食物的质地（它的质地是否一致）有很大关系，戴尔说，“但人们也害怕尝试新食物，这可能会导致挑食。”)”可推断，挑食既有物理上的原因又有心理上的原因。故选D项。
（2022·河南省叶县高级中学模拟预测）Chang’e-5 returned to Earth on December 16, 2020, carrying around 2 kilograms of rocks and soils from the moon. The successful mission (任务) marks a big step forward for China’s space industry.
“These samples will be a treasure chest!” Brad Jolliff, director of the McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences at Washington University, wrote in an email, “My hat is off to our Chinese colleagues for accomplishing a very difficult task.”
The newly collected rocks come from a place close to the Mons Rumker that was believed to have been volcanic in ancient times. By comparison, the age of these samples are thought to be billions of years younger than those brought to Earth by Apollo astronauts in the 1970s. They will help scientists fill in a gap in knowledge about the history of the moon between roughly one billion and three billion years ago. They may also help scientists study the useful materials on the moon.
Chang’e-5 is the third phase of the Chinese lunar exploration project started in the early 2000s. Orbiters Chang’e-1 and 2 and the landing and roving missions Chang’e-3 and 4 marked the first two stages.
Chang’e-5 mission is much more challenging than previous missions. New challenges include the sampling and following stages. “We usually completed the rocket launching (发射) on the earth at a fixed point. We have a proven technique in this field. But we still have difficulties in the liftoff of a lunar lander. We have never tried this before,” said Yu Dengyun, deputy chief designer of China’s lunar exploration program.
The success of Chang’e-5 sample return mission has shown that China is able to carry out its plan to build a long-term crewed International Lunar Research Station (ILRS) in the lunar south pole region during 2036~2045. Success of Chang’e-5 will also see Chang’e-6 repurposed for a landing at the lunar south pole around 2023. Chang’e-6 is a sample return spacecraft engineered at the same time as Chang’e-5 to provide a backup in the event of failure.
5．Why is Brad Jolliff so excited about the lunar samples returned by Chang’e-5?
A．They are collected for the first time. B．They are from a live volcano.
C．They will provide more valuable data. D．They are billions of years older.
6．What can be inferred from paragraph 5?
A．China has overcome the difficulties in building ILRS.
B．Yu was worried about Chang’e-5 sample return mission.
C．China is ready for more challenging lunar explorations.
D．The 2036~2045 mission will be much more challenging.
7．Which spacecraft is very similar to Chang’e-5?
A．Chang’e-2. B．Chang’e-3. C．Chang’e-4. D．Chang’e-6.
8．What is the best title for the text?
A．China’s Great Win Over the United States
B．China’s Lunar Explorations in Twenty Years
C．Future Exploration Programs for Chang’e Spacecrafts
D．Chang’e-5 Lunar Sample Return Mission Accomplished
5．C    6．B    7．D    8．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了嫦娥五号探月成果及意义。
5．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“By comparison, the age of these samples are thought to be billions of years younger than those brought to Earth by Apollo astronauts in the 1970s. They will help scientists fill in a gap in knowledge about the history of the moon between roughly one billion and three billion years ago. They may also help scientists study the useful materials on the moon.(相比之下，这些样本的年龄被认为比20世纪70年代阿波罗宇航员带到地球的样本年轻数十亿年。它们将帮助科学家填补大约10亿到30亿年前月球历史知识的空白。它们还可以帮助科学家研究月球上的有用物质。)”可知这次的样本意义重大，将为科学家进一步了解月球进化及未来开发利用月球资源提供更多有价值的信息。所以Brad Jolliff非常激动。故选C项。
6．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“Chang’e-5 mission is much more challenging than previous missions. New challenges include the sampling and following stages. “We usually completed the rocket launching (发射) on the earth at a fixed point. We have a proven technique in this field. But we still have difficulties in the liftoff of a lunar lander. We have never tried this before,” said Yu Dengyun, deputy chief designer of China’s lunar exploration program.(嫦娥五号的任务比以前的任务更具挑战性。新的挑战包括取样和后续阶段。“我们通常在一个固定点完成火箭发射。我们在这个领域有成熟的技术。但是我们在登月器的升空上仍然有困难。我们以前从未尝试过这种方法,”中国探月计划副总设计师余登云表示。)”可知本段提到了我们在登月器的升空上仍然有困难，即从月球返回地球时，登月器的升空上有困难，可知B项“Yu was worried about Chang’e-5 sample return mission.(余担心嫦娥五号的返程使命)”符合题意。故选B项。
7．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Chang’e-6 is a sample return spacecraft engineered at the same time as Chang’e-5 to provide a backup in the event of failure.(嫦娥六号是与嫦娥五号同时设计的返回航天器样本，在发生故障时提供备份。)”可知与嫦娥五号相似的是嫦娥六号，故选D项。
8．主旨大意题。文章第一段“Chang’e-5 returned to Earth on December 16, 2020, carrying around 2 kilograms of rocks and soils from the moon. The successful mission (任务) marks a big step forward for China’s space industry.(嫦娥五号于2020年12月16日返回地球，携带了大约2公斤来自月球的岩石和土壤。这次成功的任务标志着中国航天事业向前迈出了一大步。)文章开头提出了中心话题，文章接下来的段落皆是围绕嫦娥五号成功完成任务这个话题来写的，包括对它的发射背景以及所含的重大意义的介绍，故选项D“Chang’e-5 Lunar Sample Return Mission Accomplished（嫦娥五号月球样本返回任务完成）”适合作为本文标题。故选D项。
（2022·安徽·芜湖一中一模）Icehouse and ice ticket
As early as Pre-Qin Dynasty, people used natural ice to keep food fresh and make cold drinks. The Zhou royal court had a specialized department called “ice administration”. They collected natural ice blocks each December to store in the icehouse. During the Qing Dynasty, “ice tickets” were used and they were available only to officials and the rich.
Ice container
The most commonly used cooling tool is called “Jian”, which is a big container filled with ice. It was made of clay in early Chinese history, and was later made of copper (铜). The “Jian” can be seen as an ancient refrigerator, which can be used to make cold drinks.
Hiding food in the well
During the Qin and Han dynasties, for common people, the most common way to cool off is by using their wells. Some families put a pot in the well as a cold closet, or put food in a basket and lowered the basket into the well with a rope.
Herbal drinks
During the Qing Dynasty, taking Chinese herbal medicine was popular in Beijing. In hot summer, some people preferred to drink ice water, some boiled perilla leaves, and liquorice as summer soup to keep off the heat. Ancient people also loved to make lotus seed soup in summer for the benefit of strengthening the body.
9．What does “Jian” have the same function as?
A．Container. B．Refrigerator. C．Clay. D．Copper.
10．Which of the following is unavailable to common people?
A．Ice tickets. B．Ice container. C．Hiding food in the well. D．Herbal drinks.
11．What’s the common purpose of the above four ways?
A．To strengthen the body. B．To keep food fresh.
C．To escape the summer heat. D．To make cold drinks.
9．B    10．A    11．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了古代人在炎炎夏日的避暑方略。
9． 细节理解题。从文章第二段“The ‘Jian’ can be seen as an ancient refrigerator, which can be used to make cold drinks.(“Jian”可以被视为一种古老的冰箱，可以用来制作冷饮。)”可知，“Jian”与现在的冰箱用途一样。故选B项。
10．细节理解题。从文章第一段“During the Qing Dynasty, ‘ice tickets’ were used and they were available only to officials and the rich.(在清朝，“冰票”被使用，并且只对官员和富人开放。)”可知，在古代普通人无法得到冰票。故选A项。
11．细节理解题。由小标题“Icehouse and ice ticket(冰屋和冰票)”，“Ice container(放冰容器)”，“Hiding food in the well(把食物藏在井里)”，和文章最后一段“During the Qing Dynasty, taking Chinese herbal medicine was popular in Beijing. In hot summer, some people preferred to drink ice water, some boiled perilla leaves, and liquorice as summer soup to keep off the heat. Ancient people also loved to make lotus seed soup in summer for the benefit of strengthening the body.(在清朝，服用中草药在北京很流行。在炎热的夏天，一些人喜欢喝冰水，一些煮熟的紫苏叶和甘草作为夏天的汤来保暖。古人也喜欢在夏天做莲子汤，以强身健体。)”以及结合上面内容可知，本文主要讲述了古人是如何避暑的，A、B和D选项只是其中一种或两种方略的目的，不能以偏概全。故选C项。
（2022·江西南昌·模拟预测）During COVID’s first wave, the streets of New York and other major cities became empty. The sound of cars decreased, but urban citizens heard something new: an abundance of birdsong. During walks outside, they breathed cleaner air. Lockdowns had meant fewer cars on the roads, and the effects were unmissable. Levels of nitrogen dioxide-a by-product of fossil fuels burned in cars and in electricity generation—were 30 percent lower along the road from Washington D．C．to Boston in March 2020 compared with previous years. Summer coming, people sat at outdoor extensions of restaurants built in parking zones and moved around on newly added bike lanes. These incidental adaptations to the pandemic allowed citizens to experience the benefits of moving away from the “car is king“ situation in a way that policies for climate-friendly equipment never could, explains Christian Brand, an environmental scientist with the Transport Studies Unit at the University of Oxford. Now, he says, “they know what’s possible.”
Some fought to keep it that way. Paris has been a leader of this conversion. The French capital already had plans to press down car use and encourage cycling before COVID appeared, but in late spring 2020 some 50 kilometers of pop-up bike lanes, called coronapistes, were added almost overnight. They are now a permanent part of Paris’s cycling network, with more in the works.
These measures, Brand says, came in no small part because of political will. Paris Mayor Anne Hidalgo made climate change a focus of her reelection campaign. Besides providing subsidies(补贴)for purchasing and repairing bicycles, she emphasized the health benefits of reducing car emissions. In other cities, like New York, changes were more modest or temporary. Shutdowns may have presented the possibility of safer, healthier streets-but it was often a fleeting(飞逝的)vision.
16．What happened during COVID’s first wave?
A．Most people were infected with the virus:
B．City environment became better.
C．People drove cars instead of walking outside.
D．People no longer went to restaurants.
17．What does the underlined word “conversion” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Condition. B．Competition.
C．Change. D．Struggle.
18．What did Anne Hidalgo pay special attention to?
A．Protecting citizens’ safety. B．Fighting the pandemic.
C．Measuring people’s political will. D．Dealing with climate issues.
19．What can be a suitable title for this text?
A．The Pandemic Led to Greener Cities Unexpectedly
B．More and More Bicycles Ended ”Car Is King“ Time
C．Political Leaders Took Measures to Reduce Pollution
D．Covid-19 Brought Benefits to People’s Health
16．B    17．C    18．D    19．A

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了由于应对新冠疫情，纽约主要城市的街道变得空无一人，汽车的使用也大幅度减少。这件事使得空气的质量变好。越来越多的人愿意保持这种状态。可是官方认为这一现象是出于政治意愿，这种对环境所带来的效果只是短暂的。
16．细节理解题。根据第一段第二、三句话“The sound of cars decreased, but urban citizens heard something new: an abundance of birdsong. During walks outside, they breathed cleaner air.(汽车的声音减少了，但城市居民听到了新的东西：大量的鸟鸣声。在户外散步时，他们呼吸到了更清新的空气）”可知，第一波疫情期间，环境变得更好了。故选B。
17．词句猜测题。根据划线单词前一句话“Some fought to keep it that way. (有些人为了保持这种状态而斗争)”以及划线单词后面一句话“The French capital already had plans to press down car use and encourage cycling before COVID appeared, but in late spring 2020 some 50 kilometers of pop-up bike lanes, called coronapistes, were added almost overnight. (新冠出现之前，法国首都已经有了减少汽车使用和鼓励骑自行车的计划，但在2020年春末，几乎一夜之间增加了约50公里的弹出式自行车道，称为coronapistes）”可知，新冠疫情的措施给环境带来了很多的好处，有些人为了保持这种改变而斗争，巴黎就是这种改变的领导者。所以划线单词的意思是“改变”。故选C。
18．细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句话“Paris Mayor Anne Hidalgo made climate change a focus of her reelection campaign.(巴黎市长安妮·伊达尔戈将气候变化作为她竞选连任的重点)”可推知，巴黎市长安妮·伊达尔戈将气候变化作为她竞选连任的重点，所以她关注的焦点是如何处理气候问题。故选D。
19．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了由于应对新冠疫情，纽约主要城市的街道变得空无一人，汽车的使用也大幅度减少。这件事使得空气的质量变好。越来越多的人愿意保持这种状态。可是官方认为这一现象时出于政治意愿，这种对环境所带来的效果只是短暂的。所以这篇文章的标题为“这场大流行病意外地导致了更绿色的城市”。故选A。

（2022·黑龙江·哈九中三模）After winning the bid to host the 2022 Winter Olympics, China has been striving to hold a high-tech Winter Games. Now, as the games are approaching, the viewers can learn how innovative technologies are being used, especially in the construction of venues.
For example, how the National Aquatics Center, also known as the “Water Cube”, was turned into the “Ice Cube”. The main change is to turn the four-lane swimming pool into a curling rink (冰场). According to Xinhua, the “transformation” will be completed by using a quick-disassembly (快速拆除的) system. Simply put, the water will be drained (抽干) from the pool and then a convertible (可移动的) frame will be built and put inside. The frame is made up of 2,600 H-shape steel columns and has a height of three meters and a length of two meters, China News Service reported.
Another major technology applied can be seen at the National Speed Skating Oval (NSSO) , known as the “Ice Ribbon”. Traditionally, freon, which harms the ozone layer, was used in the ice-making process. But NSSO adopts an environmentally friendly technology, which uses carbon dioxide to make ice.
For another new venue, the National Sliding Center, the design team was confronted with a tricky problem. The center features a 1.9m sliding track. The center is located on the southern slope of Xiaohaituo Mountain in Yanqing. The sunlight in the southern slope is stronger than that in the northern slope. What’s more the Yanqing competition zone has complex terrain (地形) and strong wind,” Li Bo, a professor at Beijing Jiaotong University, told CGTN. “Wind resistance is the key to the construction of buildings,” Li added.
So they studied the wind filed date in the zone, analyzed the sun’s height in different seasons, and used computer models to simulate (模拟) and determine the awning (遮阳篷) coverage on the track. Finally, the team developed a system combining the terrain and awning to reduce the impact of solar radiation.
27．What’s the meaning of the underlined word “striving” in paragraph 1______?
A．fighting bravely B．criticizing severely C．working hard D．thinking highly
28．What can learn about the frame used to transform the “Water Cube” into the “Ice Cube”.
A．It is as long as three meters. B．It is in the shape of letter A．
C．It can be taken apart easily. D．It can turn water into ice automatically.
29．What is the benefit of the technology used to build the National Sliding Center?
A．It can cut carbon emissions significantly.
B．It can absorb harmful chemicals freon releases.
C．It helps athletes quickly familiarize themselves with the complex terrain.
D．It can reduce the impact of strong wind and solar radiation.
30．What is the text mainly about?
A．A comparison of some Beijing Winter Olympic venues.
B．Technologies used to build the Beijing Winter Olympic venues.
C．China’s mission of holding the Beijing Winter Olympics.
D．The difficulties of venue transformation for the Beijing Winter Olympics.
27．C    28．C    29．D    30．B

【导语】这是一篇说明文。作者以“冰立方”“冰丝带”和“国家滑冰中心”为例，讲了科技在冬奥会场馆中的应用。
27．词义猜测题。根据第一段“Now, as the games are approaching, the viewers can learn how innovative technologies are being used, especially in the construction of venues. (现在，随着奥运会的临近，观众可以了解到创新技术是如何使用的，尤其是在场馆建设中。)”可知，中国一直在努力举办一场高科技的冬奥会。A. fight bravely勇敢战斗；B. criticize severely严厉批评；C. work hard努力工作；D. think highly高度评价。故选C项。
28．细节理解题。根据第二段“According to Xinhua, the “transformation” will be completed by using a quick-disassembly system. (据新华社报道，“改造”将通过使用快速拆卸系统完成。)”可知，水立方变成冰立方的拆卸过程非常快速简洁。故选C项。
29．细节理解题。根据第四段“Wind resistance is the key to the construction of buildings (抗风是建筑施工的关键)”，最后一段“So they studied the wind filed date in the zone, analyzed the sun’s height in different seasons, and used computer models to simulate and determine the awning coverage on the track. Finally, the team developed a system combining the terrain and awning to reduce the impact of solar radiation. ( 因此，他们研究了该地区的风场数据，分析了不同季节的太阳高度，并使用计算机模型模拟和确定轨道上的遮阳篷覆盖率。最后，该团队开发了一个结合地形和遮阳篷的系统，减少了太阳辐射的影响。)”可知，国家滑冰中心开发新系统减少了太阳辐射和强风的影响。故选D项。
30．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Now, as the games are approaching, the viewers can learn how innovative technologies are being used, especially in the construction of venues. (现在，随着奥运会的临近，观众可以了解创新技术是如何被使用的，尤其是在场馆建设中。)”的总起概括，以及下文介绍新科技在“冰立方”“冰丝带”和“国家滑冰中心”的应用，可知文章是“总——分”结构，主要讲了科技在冬奥会场馆中的应用。故选B项。
（2022·陕西·模拟预测）A new test for COVID-19 is coming to store shelves throughout the U.S. This is the first test for the disease that you can do at home. It does not need a prescription, or doctor’s approval, to use.
Currently, the U.S. is testing nearly 2 million people daily, and most health experts agree the country needs to be testing many more people than that. Most tests still require a nasal swab (鼻拭子) performed by a health professional, followed by processing at a laboratory. That typically means you have to wait days for the test results.
For months, health experts have stressed the need for fast, widespread home testing, which allows people to screen themselves and avoid contact with others if they have an infection. With this new home test, people can “swab their nose, run the test and find out their results in as little as 20 minutes,” said FDA commissioner Stephen Hahn.
The test kit includes a small tool to help you to take nasal swab, or sample from inside your nose. Once you swab your nostril (鼻孔) you place the swab onto a small cartridge. This cartridge analyzes the sample and sends the results to an app on your smartphone. The app displays the results and then helps you interpret them. Users can also connect with a health professional through the app.
Ellume’s test works differently than other tests. Most tests look for the genetic material of the virus. This is the material that hakes up its genes, which influence how the virus looks and acts. However, Ellume’s test looks for proteins that the virus sheds (散发). These viral proteins are large molecules that can trigger a response from your immune system, which is the collection of cells and their responses that help the body fight off infections.
Like other COVID-19 tests that look for proteins, Ellume’s test still has a shall chance of errors. FDA officials say that people who get a negative result but still have coronavirus symptoms should follow up with a doctor.
Although the price of the test could prevent some people from using it, Dr. Michael Mina, a professor at Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts, called the new test “a great addition” to existing options.
31．What is the problem with current testing in the U.S.?
A．It is not efficient enough. B．It leads to poor management.
C．It based on nasal swabs. D．It results in outbreak of virus.
32．What is the right procedure for home testing?
a. analyze the sample
b. send the result to an app
c. take a nasal swab
d. place the swab on a cartridge
e. interpret the result
A．cadbe. B．cdabe. C．dcbae. D．dcabe.
33．What is a negative factor of the new test?
A．It’s unaffordable for some people.
B．It has a great chance of errors.
C．It’s an addition to existing options.
D．It causes people to get infected.
34．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A．Smartphone apps for analysis.
B．A tool for taking Nasal swab.
C．More options for recovering.
D．Home test for COVID-19.
31．A    32．B    33．A    34．D

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新的COVID-19病毒检测方法，这种新的方法简单易操作，使用者可在家自行进行家庭检测，而且检测结果很快。
31．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Currently, the U.S. is testing nearly 2 million people daily, and most health experts agree the country needs to be testing many more people than that. Most tests still require a nasal swab (鼻拭子) performed by a health professional, followed by processing at a laboratory. That typically means you have to wait days for the test results.(目前，美国每天检测近200万人，大多数健康专家认为，美国需要检测的人要多得多。大多数检测仍然需要由卫生专业人员进行鼻拭子检测，然后在实验室进行处理。这通常意味着你要等几天才能得到测试结果)”可推断，目前的检测方法无法满足检测的人数需求，而且需要很久才能得到检测结果，所以是低效的。故选A。
32．细节理解题。根据第四段“Once you swab your nostril (鼻孔) you place the swab onto a small cartridge. This cartridge analyzes the sample and sends the results to an app on your smartphone. The app displays the results and then helps you interpret them. (当你用棉签擦拭鼻孔时，把棉签放在一个小墨盒上。这个墨盒分析样本，并将结果发送到您的智能手机上的应用程序。该应用程序显示结果，然后帮助你解释它们)”可知，应先擦拭鼻孔，然后放到墨盒上，墨盒分析样本，把结果发到APP上，最后解读结果。故选B。
33．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Although the price of the test could prevent some people from using it, Dr. Michael Mina, a professor at Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts, called the new test “a great addition” to existing options.(尽管这种测试的价格可能会使一些人望而却步，但马萨诸塞州剑桥市哈佛大学教授Michael Mina博士称，这种新测试是对现有选择的“一个很好的补充”)”可知，这种测试的弊端就是价格昂贵，有些人负担不起。故选A。
34．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“A new test for COVID-19 is coming to store shelves throughout the U.S. This is the first test for the disease that you can do at home. It does not need a prescription, or doctor’s approval, to use.(一种新的COVID-19检测方法即将在美国各地的商店上架。这是你可以在家里进行的首个检测方法。它不需要处方或医生的批准就可以使用)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍了一种新的COVID-19检测方法。所以“Home test for COVID-19.(COVID-19家庭检测)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选D。
（2022·陕西宝鸡·二模）Although the weather is very hot now, the carnival of ice and snow is getting closer. The preparation work for Beijing Winter Olympic Games, which are expected to begin on Feb 4, 2022, has entered its final stage. In January, 2021, the ice-making work on the Ice Ribbon, a landmark venue for the Beijing Winter Olympics, was completed.
In the Winter Olympics, where races can be won or lost by a small-time gap, tiny imperfections in the ice can make a big difference. “It’s not just a hunk of ice like you’d normally think of, like ice cubes sitting in your freezer,” told Kenneth Golden, a US mathematician who studies the structures of ice. “It’s a much more fascinating and complex substance than people would normally think.”
The first step for building any ice rink is to purify the water to remove dissolved solids like salts and minerals. Such impurities don’t fit in the regular hexagonal (六边形的) structure of ice that forms as water freezes. The purer the water is, the more consistent the ice surface.
In addition to the need for excellence in the raw materials of ice-making, technology is also very important. As one of the most advanced technologies for winter sports venues, a carbon dioxide (CO2) cooling technology has been applied on a large scale for the Beijing Winter Olympic Games. CO2 is not new when it comes to ice-making. However, it has been gradually replaced by the man-made refrigerant (制冷剂) like Freon.
With increasing attention toward climate change, the old refrigerant has come into use again. As an element of the atmosphere, CO2 doesn’t damage the ozone layer. Although CO2 is a greenhouse gas, its greenhouse effect is much lower than that of other man-made refrigerants. The Winter Olympics venues adopted CO2 instead of Freon as a refrigerant in ice-making, which will reduce carbon dioxide emissions greatly.
“We believe these technological innovations will bring Beijing 2022 to spectators all over the world in a more impressive way,” told Gao Bo from the Media Operations Department of the Organizing Committee of the Beijing Winter Olympic Games.
39．What is the result of impurities in water for ice-making?
A．The water isn’t able to freeze completely.
B．The quality of the ice will be affected.
C．The ice surface will be more consistent.
D．It’s likely for athletes to fall on the ice.
40．Why has CO2 cooling technology been applied for the Winter Olympic Games?
A．It’s the most advanced technologies for ice-making.
B．CO2 is more efficient than other refrigerants.
C．CO2 is more environmentally-friendly than Freon.
D．CO2 has already existed in the atmosphere.
41．What is Gao’s attitude to CO2 being applied to ice-making?
A．Unclear. B．Opposed. C．Doubtful. D．Favourable.
42．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A．The Beijing Winter Olympic Games Is Coming.
B．Beneath Olympic Ice.
C．The Use of Refrigerants in Olympic Games.
D．The Structure of Ice.
39．B    40．C    41．D    42．B

【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了北京冬奥会在制冰的原料和技术上的精益求精。
39．细节理解题。根据第三段“Such impurities don’t fit in the regular hexagonal structure of ice that forms as water freezes. The purer the water is, the more consistent the ice surface.”（这些杂质不适合水结冰时形成规则的六边形冰结构。水越纯净，冰面越稳定。）可知，制冰用水中有杂质，冰的质量会受到影响。故选B项。
40．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“As an element of the atmosphere, CO2 doesn’t damage the ozone layer. Although CO2 is a greenhouse gas, its greenhouse effect is much lower than that of other man-made refrigerants. The Winter Olympics venues adopted CO2 instead of Freon as a refrigerant in ice-making, which will reduce carbon dioxide emissions greatly.”（作为大气的一种成分，二氧化碳不会破坏臭氧层。虽然二氧化碳是一种温室气体，但其温室效应远低于其他人造制冷剂。冬奥会场馆在制冰过程中采用二氧化碳代替氟利昂作为制冷剂，这将大大减少二氧化碳的排放。）可知，二氧化碳冷却技术被应用于冬奥会是因为二氧化碳比氟利昂更加环保。故选C项。
41．推理判断题。根据最后一段“We believe these technological innovations will bring Beijing 2022 to spectators all over the world in a more impressive way”（我们相信，这些技术创新将以更令人印象深刻的方式将北京2022年冬奥会带给世界各地的观众。）可知，高波对于二氧化碳用于制冰持有支持态度。故选D项。
42．主旨大意题。根据第一段“In January, 2021, the ice-making work on the Ice Ribbon, a landmark venue for the Beijing Winter Olympics, was completed.”（2021年1月，北京冬奥会标志性场地“冰带”的制冰工作已经完成。）以及文章内容可知，文章主要介绍了北京冬奥会在制冰的原料和技术上的精益求精，所以“Beneath Olympic Ice”（冬奥会滑冰场的秘密）可以作为文章标题。故选B项。
议论文



（2022·安徽·合肥市第八中学模拟预测）We are a culture drowning in our possessions. We take in more and more ( holiday, birthdays, sales, needs ),but rarely find an opportunity to get rid of it. As a result, our homes fill up with so much stuff. And because we believe the best solution is to find organizational tools to manage all of it, we seek out bigger containers or more efficient organizational tips and tricks. But simply organizing our stuff must be repeated over and over.
At its heart, organizing is simply rearranging. And though we may find storage solutions today, we are quickly forced to find new ones as early as tomorrow. Additionally, organizing has some other major shortcomings that are rarely considered. For example, it doesn’t benefit anyone else. The possessions we rarely use sit on shelves in our basements or garages, even while some of our closest friends desperately need them.
On the other hand, the act of getting rid of stuff from our home accomplishes many purposes. It is not a temporary solution. It is an action of permanence — once an item has been removed, it is removed completely. Whether we re-sell our possessions, donate them to charity, or give them to a friend, they are immediately put to use by those who need them.
Removing possessions begins to turn back our desire for more as we find freedom and happiness in owning less. And removing ourselves from the all-consuming desire to own more creates opportunities for significant life changes to take place.
If you’re struggling with how to get rid of stuff, you can first challenge yourself to remove the unneeded things in your home, carry a trash bag from room-to-room, see how big of a donation pile you can make, and even eliminate debt by selling what you no longer need.
It doesn’t matter how you remove them, for it is far better to remove than to always organize.
12．What is the problem with simply organizing stuff?
A．Few tools and tricks are available. B．It needs to be repeated very often.
C．People cannot save money by organizing. D．Desire to buy more disappears by organizing.
13．How can we remove unnecessary possessions?
A．By reselling them to others. B．By keeping them in trash bags.
C．By storing them in the garage. D．By piling them on the shelves.
14．What does the underlined word “eliminate” mean in Paragraph 5?
A．get rid of B．get over C．add to D．take charge of
15．What is the purpose of the passage?
A．To explain the advantages and disadvantages of organizing things.
B．To inform readers of the ways to get rid of unnecessary possessions.
C．To call for people to remove stuff instead of just organizing.
D．To appeal to people to make donations to people in need.
12．B    13．A    14．A    15．C
【导语】本文为议论文，阐述了仅仅整理家里的物品并不能真的改善生活方式和自己的行为和理念，应当是彻底的舍弃，才能让物品既能物有所用，也能更好地整理自己的生活。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段的“But simply organizing our stuff must be repeated over and over.(但是，简单地组织我们的东西必须一遍又一遍地重复。)”可知，简单地整理东西的问题在于这需要经常重复。故选B。
13．细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Whether we resell our possessions, donate them to charity, or give them to a friend, they are immediately put to use by those who need them.(无论我们转售我们的物品，捐赠给慈善机构，或给他们的朋友，他们立即被需要它们的人使用。)”可知，通过转卖物品，捐赠给慈善机构，赠送给朋友等方式，都可以让自己彻底摆脱不必要的物品，而且不浪费物品本身的价值。故选A。
14．词句猜测题。根据“selling what you no longer need(出售你不再需要的东西)”可知，卖掉不需要的东西后就可以得到钱，以此来摆脱债务，因此划线词的意思是“摆脱”，和get rid of意思相近，故选A。
15．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“And because we believe the best solution is to find organizational tools to manage all of it, we seek out bigger containers or more efficient organizational tips and tricks. But simply organizing our stuff must be repeated over and over.(因为我们相信最好的解决方案是找到有组织的工具来管理所有这些，我们寻求更大的容器或更有效的组织技巧和技巧。但是，简单地组织我们的东西必须一遍又一遍地重复。)”和第二、三段的描述可知，本文主要分析仅仅整理物品的缺点和彻底清理物品的优点，以达到劝说人们“断舍离”的目的，因此本文的目的是号召人们清除杂物，而不仅仅是整理。故选C。