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【备考2023】高考英语热点+重难点专题特训学案(全国通用)——重难点03 语法必考点三动词时•语态
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重难点03 动词时态·语态
动词时态和语态是两个非常重要的语法范畴,构成了英语语法的基本框架。因此时态与语态也是高考中出现频率最高的语法项目,主要出现在单项填空、语法填空、短文改错以及补全句子中。命题趋势高考考点 试题由“知识立意”向“能力立意”转变的命题原则。试题的设问多
以中学生普遍感到难以把握的几组时态为主。在语法填空、短文改错以及补全句子方面,命题主要是通过语境考查考生对动词时态和语态的综合运用能力。高考对被动语态的考查热点主要是及物动词或动词短语在被动语态中的使用。在被动语态的完成时态和进行时态中,考生往往漏掉been或bei ng。被动语态结合各种常用时态,仍将是高考命题的热点。解答谓语动词的时态和语态的问题时,可通过以下几种途径来解决:1.通过“时态定义”解决时态:
2.通过“标志性状语”解决时态:高考中,很多题目本身就带有明确的用某种时态的时间状语,要学会利用这些状语来解决时态问题。
(1)看到always, every time, now and then, often, seldom, sometimes, usually等表示频率的时间状语,要想到用一般现在时。
(2)看到yesterday, last week, two days ago, the other day, in 1998, just now, once upon a time等时间状语,要想到用一般过去时。
(3)看到tomorrow, next year, in a week等时间状语,要想到用一般将来时。
(4)看到the next day/morning, the next/following week/month/year等时间状语,要想到用过去将来时。
(5)看到all the time, now, at 4 o'clock, at this moment, at present等时间状语,要想到用现在进行时。
(6)看到at that time, at this time yesterday, at five yesterday, the whole morning等时间状语,要想到用过去进行时。
(7)看到at this time tomorrow, from 1:30 to 4:30 tomorrow等时间状语,要想到用将来进行时。
(8)看到since, recently, lately, already, in/for/during the last/past few years, so far, up to now, during the past/last+时间段等时间状语,要想到用现在完成时。
(9)看到by that time, by the end of+过去时间,before 2000, by the time+一般过去时的从句,要想到用过去完成时。
(10)看到by the time+一般现在时的从句,by the end of+将来时间的名词,by+将来时间名词等时间状语,要想到用将来完成时。
3.通过“动作先后”解决时态:此种方法主要用来解决两种类型的试题:①并列连词and, but, as well as, or, or else, both ... and ..., neither ... nor ..., either ... or ..., not only ... but also ..., rather than等及从属连词than可连接两个平行的结构。平行的另外一个结构与所选谓语动词的先后关系,决定着所选动词的时态;②涉及主从句时态的题目,我们可通过考虑主句和从句的关系和动作发生的时间先后来确定时态。
One day, when I was drawing diagrams on the balcony and he (bathe) inside, the volcano erupted unexpectedly.
本句为and连接的并列结构,根据前面的was drawing便可得知此处应填 was bathing。
Mr White (teach) in our school for nearly forty years before he retired last month.根据for nearly forty years可知应用完成时,再根据before从句中的retired可知,从句中用的为过去时,主句动作发生在其前,故应用过去完成时,即had taught。
4.通过“语境暗示”解决时态:实际上,高考对时态的考查更注重“情境立意”,即在具体的语境下运用各种时态的能力。正因为如此,有些试题的时间状语和其他参照物都不明显,此时要树立全局观念,根据提供的语境,挖掘隐含信息,从而找到解题的突破口。
例如:
While online shopping (change) our life, not all of its effects have been positive.
根据语境结合后面的have been可知此处应用现在完成时,强调对现在造成的结果或影响,又主语为online shopping,故应填has changed。
5.通过“固定句式”解决时态:所谓固定就是需要记住,因此必须要熟记一些常见的固定句式结构。
(1)看到no sooner ... than ...或hardly ... when ...,要想到主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时。
(2)看到并列连词when,要想到was/were doing sth when ...;be about to do sth when ...等句式。
(3)看到It/This/That is+the+序数词+time+that从句,要想到从句用现在完成时。
(4)看到It/This/That was+the+序数词+time+that从句,要想到从句用过去完成时。
(5)在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中,如果主句是一般将来时,从句则用一般现在时表示将来。
(6)在由since引导的时间状语从句中,如果主句是现在完成时,从句则用一般过去时。
(7)看到“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”,要想到陈述句用一般将来时。
6.通过“逻辑关系”解决语态:对于语态问题的解题关键就在于理清主语与谓语的关系,如果为主动关系,则用主动语态,如果为被动关系,则用被动语态。需要注意的是,在做题时往往对时态问题比较关注,但却容易忽略语态问题,因此我们可采用“先语态,后时态”的做题方式来避免此类问题的发生。被动语态在各种时态中的构成形式如下所示:
一般式
进行式
完成式
现在时
am/is/
are done
am/is/are
being done
have/has
been done
过去时
was/
were done
was/were
being done
had been done
将来时
will/shall
be done
/
will/shall have
been done
过去将来时
would/should
be done
/
would/should
have been done
7.注意“特殊动词”:有些动词(短语)的用法比较特殊,要格外注意。如belong to(属于)不用进行时和被动语态;date from或date back to(追溯到)常用一般现在时;系动词如look, seem, feel, taste, sound, smell, prove, appear等不能用被动语态。对于这些特殊的词汇,务必要记牢。
近年来,高考英语主要考查一般现在时、一般过去时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时等时态以及它们的被动语态。
(限时30分钟)
1(2022新高考I卷)The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that __________ (be)previously unprotected,
答案:were
解析:考查时态和主谓一致。句意:该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区,将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构,以提高效率,减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在that引导的限制性定语从句中作谓语,先行词为a significant number of areas,先行词在从句中作主语,根据“previously (之前地)”可知从句的时态应为一般过去时,根据主谓一致,从句主语复数,从句谓语复数形式。故填were。
2(2022新高考I卷)After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP __________ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”.
答案:is designed
解析:考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意:GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性,保护生物多样性,保护生态缓冲区,为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。设空处在句中作谓语,和句子的主语The GPNP之间为被动关系;叙述客观事实,应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态,主语单数,谓语单数形式。故填is designed。
3(2022新高考II卷)Henry __________ (fix) his car when he heard the screams.
答案:was fixing
解析:考查动词。句意:听到尖叫声时,亨利正在修车。根据句子结构,设空处应该填写谓语动词。根据空后的when he heard the screams,可知,设空处的动作是正在发生的,同时该句描述的是过去的事实。故使用过去进行时。fix为动词,意为“修理”,其过去进行时为was fixing。故填was fixing。
4(2022新高考II卷)He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. He quickly __________ (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out.
答案:threw
解析:考查过去式。句意:他迅速把工具扔到一边,伸出胳膊跑了起来。根据句子结构,设空处与空后的and started构成并且结构。故应该使用一般过去时。throw为动词,意为“扔”,过去时为threw。故填threw。
5(2022年浙江卷1月)Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane ________(view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information.
答案:is viewed或has been viewed
解析:考查被动语态。句意:对科学家而言,旅行去参加会议、讲座、工作室之类的地方来相聚并交流信息这件事被视为是重要的。描述人们普遍认知的事情用一般现在时,此处也可以表示强调人们从过去到现在的认知,动名词作主语与主谓之间存在被动关系,故填is viewed或has been viewed。
6(2022年浙江卷1月)But Cobb and others ________ (be) now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely, and ________(change) their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis.
答案:are;changing
解析:考查时态和主谓一致。句意:但是现在Cobb和其他人正在质疑那个想法,推动会议提供更多远程参加的机会以及为了尽自己的能力来应对气候变化危机,他们正在改变他们的个人行为。第一空:根据句意可知,此处也应使用现在进行时,主语为复数,故填are。第二空:分析句子结构可知,此处and连接并列的动词questioning和change,故填changing。
7(2022年浙江卷1月)On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200 academics —many of them climate scientists __________ (promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.
答案:have promised
解析:考查时态。句意:例如,在一个叫“无飞行科学家”的网站上,自从两年前成立以来,大约有200个学者,他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。根据时间状语“since+过去时间”可知主句应使用现在完成时,故填have promised。
8(2021新高考I卷)You can’t help wondering how hard it ___________(be)for the people then to put all those rocks into place.
答案:was
解析:句意为:你不禁要问,当时的人们要把这些石头放好有多难,根据时间状语then,可知描述过去的事情,所以用一般过去时态,主语为it,故填was.
9(2021新高考II卷)Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I'd send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to _______________ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris.
答案:was
解析:考查时态和主谓一致。句意:我给写信的最大的公司之一是巴黎阿拉斯加航空公司。 根据定语从句的谓语动词“wrote” 可知这里描述发生在过去的事情,用一般过去时;one of + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数结构中,谓语动词用单数,所以填was。
10(2021年浙江卷)It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, _________ (prove)irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public.
答案:has proved
解析:考查动词。句意:它不像乔治华盛顿在波托马克河畔的种植园那样给人留下深刻印象,但林肯在伊利诺伊州斯普林菲尔德市中心的家,自从向公众开放以来,就被证明对游客来说
是不可抗拒的。分析句子成分可知,设空处作谓语动词,Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield Illinois作主语;结合句意及设空处后的时间状语从句since it opened to the public可知,此处指过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响,符合现在完成时概念,故设空处用现在完成时;现在完成时结构是has/have +过去分词;主语Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield Illinois是第三人称单数,所以助动词用has,提示词prove 的过去分词形式是proved或proven。故填 has proved/ has proven。
11(2021年浙江卷) Mary's niece wrote, "The little home _________ (paint)white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it.
答案:was painted
解析:考查被动语态。句意:这个小房子被漆成了白色。分析句子结构可知,设空处作谓语动词,The little home作主语。结合句意及常识可知,房子是“被漆”的,主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系,所以要用被动语态;根据上文的was built可知,此处为一般过去时态;一般过去时的被动语态结构是was/were+过去分词;主语The little home是单数第三人称,所以要用was,提示词paint的过去分词形式是painted。故填was painted。
12(2021年浙江卷)After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and ___________ (sell)most of their furniture.
答案:sold
解析:考查动词。句意:1861年林肯当选美国总统后,他们租了房子,卖掉了大部分家具。分析句子成分可知,设空处和前面的动词rented一起做并列谓语;根据时间状语1861可知,此处用一般过去时态,提示词sell的过去式形式是sold。故填sold。
13(2021年浙江卷1月)It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 _______ (consider) healthy.
答案:is considered
解析:考查动词被动语态。句意:它的计算方法是用一个人的体重(公斤)除以身高(米)的平方,BMI在19到25之间被认为是健康的。分析句子结构可知,句子缺少谓语,主语(a BMI)是单数,时态是一般现在时,且主语和consider是表被动关系,故填is considered。
14(2021年浙江卷1月)The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased by 2.1 in women and men. In cities, however, the gain ________ (be) 1. 3 in women and 1. 6 in men.
答案:was
解析:考查主谓一致和动词时态。句意:然而,在城市中,女性增加了1.3,男性增加了1.6。分析句子结构可知,句子缺少谓语,主语(gain)是单数,时态是一般过去时,故填was。
15(2020新课标I卷)The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器) —the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess— __________ (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.
答案:touched
解析:考查时态。句意:无人月球探测器嫦娥四号——名字的灵感来源于古代的中国月亮女神——上周在南极艾特肯盆地着陆。此处是句子的谓语,根据时间状语last week可知应使用一般过去时,故填touched。
16(2020新课标I卷)“This really excites scientists,” Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, “because it __________ (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon __________ (construct)”.
答案:means; is constructed
解析:考查时态和主谓一致。句意:“这真的使科学家们激动,”布朗大学的一位科学家Carle Pieters说:“因为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构造的信息。”根据上文“This really excites scientists”可知,此处也使用一般现在时,主语是it,所以空处谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式means,故填means。分析句子可知,此处是宾语从句谓语动词,谓语construct与主语the moon之间是被动关系,应使用被动语态,再由上下文可知此处应使用一般现在时,主语the moon是单数,故填is constructed。
17(2020新课标II卷)This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers ___________ (carry) special significance.
答案:carries
解析:考查时态和主谓一致。句意:这就是为什么用植物、水果和鲜花装饰具有特殊意义的原因。这是一个表语从句,从句主语为动名词短语decorating with plants, fruits and flowers,所以谓语动词用单数形式。故填carries。
18(2020新课标III卷)The artist was sure he would___________(choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old nan laughed.
答案:be chosen
解析:考查动词语态。句意:画家确信他会被选中,但是当他把他的杰作送给皇帝的宰相时,这位老人笑了。本句中主语he与谓语动词choose构成被动关系,且would后跟动词原形。故填be chosen。
19(2020新课标III卷)When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and ___________ (point) down the river.
答案:pointed
解析:考查动词时态。句意:当他问河岸上的村民,他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时,他们笑着指着河的下游。根据上文they smiled and可知此处应用一般过去时。故填pointed。
20(2020山东卷)The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, ______ (form) the core collection of the British Museum which opened in 1759.
答案:formed
解析:考查动词时态。句意:例如,汉斯•斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是谓语动词,根据时间状语in1759可知,应使用一般过去时。故填formed。
21(2020山东卷)The parts of a museum open to the public ______ (call) galleries or rooms.
答案:are called
解析:考查动词时态及语态。句意:博物馆对公众开放的部分被称为画廊或展厅。此处描述的是客观使用,应使用一般现在时;主语与call是逻辑动宾关系,应使用被动语态,且主语是复数概念。故填are called。
22(2020山东卷)Often, only a small part of a museum’s collection ______ (be) on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research.
答案:is
解析:考查主谓一致。句意:通常,博物馆只展出一小部分藏品。此处描述的是客观事实,应使用一般现在时,主语a small part of a museum’s collection是单数概念,谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式,且后面的Most of it is stored away or used for research.中的is也是提示。故填is。
23(2020浙江卷)And,as more children were born,more food ______(need).
答案:was needed
解析:考查时态语态。句意:随着越多的小孩出生,越多的食物被需要。分析句子,逻辑主语和need之间表示被动逻辑。同时此处描述的是过去的时间,所以时态应用过去时。故此处应用过去时的被动语态。food为不可数名词。故填was needed。
24(2020浙江卷)By about 6000 BC,people ______ (discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise.
答案:had discovered
解析:考查时态。句意:大约在公元前6000年,人们已经发现了最适宜种植的庄稼和最适宜饲养的牲畜。分析句子,简单句中除了提示词外无其余动词,故此处需用动词的时态。逻辑主语和提示词之间表示主动逻辑。by + 过去时间 译为“到…为止”,后面的句子用过去完成时。故填had discovered.
25(2020浙江卷)This style of farming lasted for quite a long time. Then,with the rise of science,changes began. New methods __________ (mean)that fewer people worked in farming.
答案:meant
解析:考查时态。句意:新方法意味着更少的人从事农业。分析句子,主句部分无其他动词,故此处需填时态。文章的整体时态是过去时,根据时态一致原则此处也应为过去时。逻辑主语和动词之间表示主动关系。所以此处填过去时的主动形式。故填meant。
26(2020浙江卷1月)Something significant is happening to the world population-it is aging. The median(中位数的)age of an American in 1950______(be)30—today it is 41 and is expected to increase to 42 by 2050.
答案:was
解析:考查动词时态。句意:1950年美国人的中年年龄是30岁,今天是41岁,预计到2050年将增加到42岁。结合上文in 1950可知应用一般过去时,且主语为The median age of an American,故谓语动词应用第三人称单数。故填was。
27(2020浙江卷1月)However, greater attention should______(place)on longevity(长寿).
答案:be placed
解析:考查动词时态语态。句意:然而,更多的关注应放在寿命上。本句中主语与谓语动词构成被动关系,且should后跟动词原形,故填be placed。
(限时30分钟)
1.(2022·广东省深圳市七校联合体高三第一次联考)Although the species is still endangered, the conservation efforts________ (think)to be working.
答案:are thought
[句意:尽管这个物种依然面临灭绝,保护措施被认为是有效的。根据设空前is可知,此处应用一般现在时,efforts 和 think之间为被动关系,应用般现在时的被动语态,且主语 efforts是复数。故填are thought.]
2.(2021·广东省广州市高三阶段训练)One particular invention from this period made a mark on the world; moveable type(活字印刷术)-that is, individual blocks that could print a single letter and then________ (use) again.
答案:be used
[and并列连接print 和设空处,又主语 blocks 与谓语use为被动关系,且置于co之后。故填Be used.]
3.(2021·辽宁省高三新联合调研)He was a person who________ (consider) as a bum(流浪汉)。
答案:was considered
[根据主句“He a person"可知,从旬用一般过去时,person与consider之间是被动关系,设空处用一般过去时的被动语态。故填 was considered. ]
4.(2021·河南省南阳市第一中学高三第二次月考)Large quantities of money________ (send) to the earthquake victims to date.
答案:have been sent
[句意:迄今为止,已向地震灾民提供了大量的资金。句中 Large quantities of money 作主语,所以谓语动词需要用复数。根据句意可知,句子要使用现在完成时。money和send之间是被动关系,应使用现在完成时的被动结构。故填have been sent.]
5.(2021·湖北省黄冈市部分普通高中高三联考)More than 42,000 medical workers from across the country________ (send) to Hubei to fight the disease.
答案:were sent
[根据语境可知,此处讲述的是过去的事情,需用一般过去时。所给动词在句中作谓语,并且send与主语“More than 42,000 medical workers”之间是被动关系,需用被动语态,又因主语为复数概念。故填 weresent.]
6.(2022·广东省深圳市七校联合体高三第一次联考)In 2012,Earth-watch Institute, a global nonprofit which teams volunteers with scientists to conduct important environmental research, ________ (launch)program based in the Wolong National Nature Reserve.
答案:launched
[句意:2012年,地球观察研究所,一个联合志愿者和科学家进行重要环境研究工作的非营利组织,发起了一个以卧龙自然保护区为基础的项目。根据“In 2012”可知,此处应用一般过去时。故填 launched.]
7.(2021·湖北省六校高三联考)Microfibers(微纤维)of jeans________ (discover) in water samples in the past 6 months.
答案:have been discovered
[根据设空后“in the past 6 months”可知,应用现在完成时,且主语与谓语动词构成被动关系,应用现在完成时的被动语态;主语为Microfibers,助动词用have.故填have been discovered.]
8.(2022·广东广州高三月考)He________ (educate) in law at University College London.
答案:was educated
[主语He与educate之间为被动关系且动作发生在过去,应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填 was educated.]
9.(2022·浙江名校协作体高三联考)As the major habitat of wild Asian elephants, Xishuangbanna Dai autonomous prefecture in Yunnan Province________ (see) a significant growth in its population of elephants and other wild animals in recent decades.
答案:has seen
[句意:作为野生亚洲象的主要栖息地,云南省西双版纳傣族自治州的大象和其他野生动物的数量近几十年来有了显著增长。根据设空后 in recent decades可知,此处应用现在完成时,主语 Xishuangbanna Dai autonomous prefecture 为第三人称单数,助动词应用has.故填 has seen.]
10.(2022·湖北荆门高三摸底考试)Lady Meng Jiang's husband________ (force) to build the Great Wall just three days after they got married.
答案:was forced
[句意;孟姜女的丈夫被迫在他们结婚三天后就去修建长城。根据设空后gol可知,此处应用一般过去时,且主语Lady Meng Jiang's husband 和force之间为被动关系,应用一般过去时的被动语态,主语Lady MengJiang husband是第三人称单数,谓语动词应用第三人称单数。故填was forced. ]
11.(2022·广东深圳高三第一次教学质量检测)As the first champion of the 2020 Games, Yang Qian________ (award) her medal by International Olympic Committee (IOC) president Thomas Bach.
答案:was awarded
[句意;作为2020年奥运会的首位冠军,杨倩由国际奥委会主席托马斯·巴赫亲自颁奖。本句在描述过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时,且主语YangQian与谓语 award之间为被动关系。故填 was awarded.]
12.(2022·江苏南京高三学情调研)But the reason why the video, which runs for around two minutes and is titled Rhapsody on the Luo Riter Goddess, created such an impression and has generated such a wave of publicity, is that it________ (shoot) underwater.
答案:was shot
[句意:但这段时长约两分钟、名为《洛河女神狂想曲》的视频之所以能给人留下如此深刻的印象,并引发如此大的宣传热潮,是因为它是在水下拍摄的。it 指代 the video与shoot之间为被动关系,且根据设空前 created 可知,动作发生在过去,设空处应用一般过去时的被动语态,主语i是单数。故填 was shot.]
13.(2022·山东省师范大学附属中学高三摸底开学测试)The rise in temperature________ (lead) to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide, not only causing serious damage, but also costing human lives.
答案:has led
[句意:全球气温上升导致极端天气和自然灾害增多,不仅造成严重破坏,还造成人员伤亡。表示到现在为止已经造成的影响,应用现在完成时,且主语The rise是单数,助动词应用 has.故填 has led.]
14.(2022·重庆市南开中学高三第一次教学质量检测)A new study investigating the phenomenon________ (indicate) that earworms invading our brains at night can cause problems getting to sleep and staying asleep.
答案:indicates
[句意:一项针对这一现象的新研究表明,洗脑音乐在夜间入侵我们的大脑,会导致入睡和保持唾眠问题。陈述客观事实用一般现在时,主语为A new study,谓语应用第三人称单数。故填indicates.]
15.(2022·重庆外国语学校高三摸底学测试)In modem times, the old Silk Road routes are still used, but now they________ (cross)by trains instead of camels and horses.
答案:are crossed
[根据now可知,此处应用一般现在时,they 与cross之间为被动关系,应用一般现在时的被动语态,主语 they是复数。故填are crossed.]
16.(2022·江苏南京高三摸底检测)Three tourists who________ (find)scrawling(乱涂)on the wall of Badaling section of the Great Wall were detained(拘留)and fined last Sunday, the police announced.
答案:were found
[句意:上周日,警方宣布,三个游客被发现在八达岭长城的部分墙上乱涂而被拘留和罚款。who引导定语从句,指代先行词Three tourists,为复数名词,且在从句中作主语,tourists和find之间是被动关系,根据设空后 were detained 可知,此处应用一般过去时。故填 were found.]
17.(2021·全国甲卷)It________ (build) originally to protect the city of the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored(修复)。
答案:was built
[句意:它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的,现在已经完全被修复。动词build和主语之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,根据时间状语 the Tang dynasty可知,应用一般过去时,主语it为第三人称单数,谓语动词应用单数。故填 was built.]
18.(2021·全国甲卷)We________ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky but did the job.
答案:hired
[句意:我们从南门的租赁处租了自行车。我的自行车又旧又摇摇晃晃,但还是管用。此处描述过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时。故填hired.]
19.(2021·浙江高考)It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, ________ (prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public.
答案:has proved/has proven
[句意:它不像乔治·华盛顿在波托马克河畔的种植园那样给人留下深刻印象,但林肯在伊利诺伊州斯普林菲尔德市中心的家,自从向公众开放以来,就被证明对游客来说是不可抗拒的。根据设空后“since it opened to the public”可知,设空处应用现在完成时。故填 has proved/has proven.]
20.(2021·浙江高考)After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861,they rented the house and________ (sell) most of their furniture.
答案:sold
解析:考查动词。句意:1861年林肯当选美国总统后,他们租了房子,卖掉了大部分家具。分析句子成分可知,设空处和前面的动词rented一起做并列谓语;根据时间状语1861可知,此处用一般过去时态,提示词sell的过去式形式是sold。故填sold。
21. (2022·福建省厦门第一中学高三月考)In France, the number of students learning Chinese in the same age group________ (increase)by 400% between 2007 and 2017.
答案:increased
[句意:在法国,从2007年到2017年,同年龄段学习汉语的学生数量增加了400%.根据 between 2007 and 2017 可知,句子陈述的是过去发生的事,应用一般过去时。故填increased.]
22.(2022·河南省重点高中高三阶段性调研联考)According to Qu Qi, a person in charge of a restaurant in Xuhui district, a sign________ (put) up on the tables to inform people of the importance of using serving utensils, since the start of business on February .
答案:has been put
[句意:根据负责徐汇区一家饭店的屈奇所说,从2月21号开始营业以来,一个标志牌已经被摆放在桌子上告知人们使用公筷的重要性。根据设空后 since the start of business on February可知,此处应用现在完成时;a sign与put之间为被动关系,应用被动语态。故填 has been put.]
23.(2021·浙江诸暨市高三模拟)The popularity of plastic, which________ (begin) rising in the 1950s, is growing out of control-18.2 trillion pounds of plastic has been produced.
答案:began
[句意:从20世纪50年代开始,塑料越来越受欢迎,但现在已经超出了控制-人们生产了18.2万亿磅塑料。根据设空后 in the 1950s可知,此处应用一般过去时。故填began.]
24.(2021·四川成都高三三诊)My friend Tony, who________ (study) acupuncture at a college near London at the time, suggested that I visit an acupuncturist.
答案:was studying
[句意:我的朋友托尼当时正在伦敦附近的一所大学学习针灸,他建议我去看一名针灸师。根据设空后 at the time和suggested 可知,此处应用过去进行时。故填 was studying. ]
25.(2022·河南省郑州市第一O六高级中学月考)In the past few decades, eBooks________ (develop) dramatically.
答案:have developed
[句意;在过去的几十年里,电子书迅猛发展。根据设空前 In the past few decades 可知,此处应用现在完成时,主语为eBooks,助动词用have.故填 have developed.]
26.(2021·湖南省五市十校高三第二次大联考)Their creativity, patience, and respect for life________ (stimulate) as they learn to take care of animals on their own.
答案:will be stimulated
[此处用将来时,而且主语和谓语动词stimulate为被动关系,应用一般将来时的被动语态。故填 will be stimulated.]
27.(2022·广州外国语学校、广州大学附中、广州铁一中高三第一次联考)Surfing________ (change) her “inside and out”。
答案:has changed
[句意:冲浪从内到外改变了她。本句强调冲浪对现在的影响,应用现在完成时。故填 has changed.]
28.(2022·福建省泉州科技中学高三期中考试)China launched a large robotic spacecraft early Tuesday morning at the Wenchang Space Launch Center in South China's Hainan Province, tasking it with landing on the moon and bringing back lunar samples, 44 years after such extraterrestrial substances(外星物质) ________ (bring) back to Earth the last time.
答案:were brought
[句意:周二清晨,在中国南部海南省文昌航天发射中心发射了一艘大型机器人航天器,任务是登陆月球并带回月球样本,距离上次这类外星物质被带回地球已经44年了。动词 bring和主语 such extraterrestrial substances之间是被动关系,根据句意可知,这是44年前的事情,应用一般过去时,且主语为复数。故填 were brought.]
29.(2022·重庆市巴蜀中学高三月考)By the end of last year,920 online parenting education schools for primary and secondary schools________ (establish) across Zhejiang, accounting for 15 percent of the province's primary and secondary schools.
答案:had been established [句意:截至去年年底,浙江全省中小学巳建立920所网上家长教育学校,占全省中小学总数的15%.动词establish 与主语 920 online parenting education schools 之间是被动关系,根据时间状语By last year可知,此处应用Had been established. ]
(限时30分钟)
1.(2021·浙江·诸暨中学高一期中)The Chinese government ________ (lead) the Chinese to the successful control of COVID-19 since it broke out, which makes China lead the world in economic recovery. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】has led
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:新冠肺炎疫情发生以来,中国政府带领中国人民成功控制疫情,在经济复苏中引领世界。根据时间状语从句“since it broke out”可知,空处谓语动词需用现在完成时态:has/have done,表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响,主语是单数government ,所以此处助动词需用has。故填has led。
2.(2021·浙江·嘉兴市第五高级中学高一期中)She told me she ________ (prefer) to stay at home rather than go out when studying abroad. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】preferred
【详解】考查动词时态。句意:她告诉我,她出国留学时宁愿呆在家里也不愿出去。分析句子结构可知,“she____(prefer) to stay at home rather than go out when studying abroad.”是宾语从句,空处是作谓语,根据主句谓语动词told可知,句子描述的是过去的事,应用一般过去时,故填preferred。
3.(2021·内蒙古·巴彦淖尔市临河区第三中学高一期中)He________(have) gone there on purpose for many times. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】has
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:他多次故意去那里。根据句意和句中“for many times”可知,句中动作开始于过去,持续到现在,到现在为止去过多次了,故应用现在完成时,句子主语为“He”,故应用“has”。故填has。
4.(2021·河北·石家庄实验中学高一月考)His spelling ________(improve) a lot since he took his teacher’s advice. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】has improved
【详解】考查时态。句意:自从他接受了老师的建议后,他的拼写有了很大的改善。分析句子结构可知,空格处应填谓语动词,结合所给时间状语“since he took his teacher’s advice”可知,空格处应用现在完成时,且improve为不及物动词时表示“情况有所改善,比以前好”,所以此处应填has improved。故填has improved。
5.(2021·黑龙江·哈师大附中高二期中)He has not yet ________ (respond) to my email, which made me very upset. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】responded
【详解】考查动词。句意:他还没有回复我的电子邮件,这让我很难过。根据has yet和句意可知,句子时态为现在完成时,谓语动词形式为has done,动词用过去分词,故填responded。
6.(2021·黑龙江·哈师大附中高二期中)The manuscript of the linguist should ________ (guarantee) to be safely transported to another library.(所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】be guaranteed
【详解】考查被动语态。句意:语言学家的手稿应保证被安全地运送到另一个图书馆。设空处在句中作谓语,和句子的主语The manuscript之间是被动关系,需用被动语态,位于情态动词should后面,使用动词原形。故填be guaranteed。
7.(2021·四川·攀枝花市成都外国语学校高一期中)He ________ (admit) breaking the window. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】admitted
【详解】考查时态。句意:他承认打破了窗户。句子缺谓语,填动词,根据语境可知此处用一般过去时。故填admitted。
8.(2021·广东·茂名市第五中学高一期中)Yesterday everyone __________ (impress) by his moving speech in the lecture hall. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】was impressed
【详解】考查时态语态。句意:所有人都对他在报告厅中的感人演讲印象深刻。impress意为“使某人印象深刻”,表示“某人对……印象深刻”应该用其表被动的短语be impressed by,yesterday表示过去,所以用一般过去时,everyone做主语谓语动词应该用单数。故填was impressed。
9.(2021·广东·深圳中学高二期中)The officer ________ (spot) the thief wandering the streets searching for a victim moments earlier, police said on Sunday. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】spotted
【详解】考查动词时态。句意:警方周日表示,这名警官在案发前不久发现该小偷在街上徘徊寻找受害者。观察句子可知,空处缺少句子的谓语,根据said可知,句子为一般过去时,officer与spot构成逻辑上主动关系,用一般过去时,动词用过去式。故填:spotted。
10.(2021·浙江·温州市洞头区第一中学高一期中)The teacher ________(impress) by his behavior in the lab yesterday. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】was impressed
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:老师对他昨天在实验室的表现印象深刻。be impressed by是固定短语,意为“对……印象深刻”,由yesterday可知,句子时态是一般过去时,主语The teacher是单数,因此空格处是was impressed,故填was impressed。
11.(2021·吉林·长春北师大附属学校高三期中)Email, as well as telephones _________(play)an important part in daily communication. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】plays
【详解】考查主谓一致。句意:邮件,和电话一样,在日常交流中起很重要的作用。描述一个客观的事实,用一般现在时。当主语后面有as well as短语时,谓语动词不受这个短语的影响,仍然与主语保持一致,即和“Email”保持人称和数上的一致,所以要用第三人称单数形式。故填plays。
12.(2021·陕西·西安一中高一月考)It is the first time that I________(see) such a big watermelon. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】have seen
【详解】考查时态。句意:这是我第一次见到这么大的西瓜。固定句型:It is/was the first time that…结构中,that后的从句一般用完成时,此句中主句为一般现在时,所以从句用现在完成时。故填have seen。
13.(2021·上海市风华中学高一期中)The photographer likes to take pictures of people without letting them know they ________(photograph). (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】are photographed
【详解】考查时态,语态和主谓一致。句意:摄影师喜欢给人拍照,而不让他们知道自己被拍照了。根据句意可知,句子表示“摄影师不让人们知道自己被拍照了”,空格处用被动语态,由前面的likes可知,句子时态是一般现在时,因此空格处是一般现在时的被动语态,即is/are done,主语they是复数,因此空格处是are photographed,故填are photographed。
14.(2021·四川·成都外国语学校高一期中)The old couple moved back to the countryside in 2018 and ________ (lead) a happy and peaceful life ever since. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】has led
【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:这对老夫妇于2018年搬回农村,从此过上了幸福安宁的生活。分析句子结构可知,空处缺少谓语动词,根据“ever since”可知,此处为现在完成时,主语为The old couple,助动词用has。故填has led。
15.(2021·黑龙江·鹤岗一中高二期中)Only if a teacher has given permission _________a student allowed to enter the room. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】is
【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:只有老师给予许可学生才能被允许进入这个房间。分析句子可知,“only+if条件状语从句”置句首,主句用部分倒装句,根据上文的has given可知,用一般现在时,主语a student与谓语动词allow是被动关系,且主语是第三人称单数,用助动词is,故填is。
(2021·内蒙古·巴彦淖尔市临河区第三中学高一期中)下列每句有1处错误,错误涉及一个单词的添加、删除或修改。
16.The sports meeting had to be put off because it rain heavily.
【答案】rain→rained
【解析】考查时态。句意:因为雨下得很大,运动会不得不推迟。分析句子可知,前后谓语动词时态不一致;又因运动会被取消是发生在过去的事情。故将rain改成rained。
(2021·吉林江城中学高二月考)每句中只有一处;每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。
17.We can learn a lot about what people are thinking by watch their body language.
【答案】watch →watching 18.are→is
【解析】考查时态。句意:12点半到1点之间不要给我打电话。那时我在打篮球。结合前句和句中时间状语then可知,在12点半到1点之间我将正在打篮球,所以用将来进行时。故将play改为playing。
18.Climbing hills in Beishan are his favourite way to keep fit.
【答案】考查主谓一致。句意:在北山爬山是他最喜欢的健身方式。动名词作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。故将are改为is。
(2020·甘肃·永昌县第一高级中学高一期中)每个句子中有一处语言错误,每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
19.The number of cars in this city are keeping rising these days.
【答案】.are→is
【解析】考查主谓一致。句意:最近,这个城市的汽车数量在不断增加。the number of+名词复数作主语时,表示“……的数量”,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故将are改为is。
20.WangPeng came into the classroom, sat down in his seat and begin to read a book.
【答案】begin→began
【解析】考查时态。句意:王鹏走进教室,坐在他的座位上,开始看书。根据连词and可知,这里表示动作的顺承,所以用一般过去时。故将begin改为began。
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