【高考二轮重难点复习】2023年高考英语易错点精讲精练学案——专题02 第二讲 短文改错考点各个巧击破（含解析）

这是一份【高考二轮重难点复习】2023年高考英语易错点精讲精练学案——专题02 第二讲 短文改错考点各个巧击破（含解析），共12页。学案主要包含了考点解读，考情分析，语篇特色，考查要点，复习方向等内容，欢迎下载使用。
             专题03     第一讲   近三年阅读理解高考考情分析和易错点 （阅读理解题型突破）    【考点解读】阅读理解在试卷中所占比重较大。该部分要求考生透悉的有关日常生活话题的简短文字材料。例如:公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的300字左右的文章。题材丰富，语篇围绕“人与自我”“人与社会”以及“人与自然”三大主题语境，题材涉及故事、科普、人文、社会现象、文化获得等。体裁包括应用文、新闻报道、记叙文、说明文、议论文等。 【考情分析】年份卷别体裁细节理解推理判断词句猜测主旨大意 2022新高考I卷应用文、说明文说明文、说明文67112022全国甲卷应用文、说明文记叙文、夹叙夹议92132022全国乙卷应用文、夹叙夹议说明文、说明文76112021新高考I卷应用文、记叙文说明文、说明文93122021全国甲卷说明文、说明文记叙文、议论文66122021全国乙卷应用文、说明文记叙文、说明文75122020新高考I卷应用文、记叙文说明文、说明文65222022全国I卷应用文、夹叙夹议说明文、说明文7512 【语篇特色】长难句理解文章中的长难句，划分句子结构是阅读理解得高分到保障。词汇量大今年高考语篇中出现丰富的词汇，以及派生词、词性转换词、熟词生义、固定短语。外文外刊高考语篇取自各大主流英文报刊和媒体网站，材料原汁原味保留英语特色。 【考查要点】      理解主旨要义;       理解文中具体信息;      根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义;      根据所读内容做判断和理解;5      理清文章的基本结构;      理解作者的意图、观点和态度。【复习方向】通过考情分析可知，近年来阅读理解体裁以应用文、记叙文和说明文为主，新闻报道和议论文为辅。题型考查主要以细节理解题和推理判断题为主，词句猜测和主旨大意题为辅。长难句在近年高考中占比日益增多。因为，在复习备考中，应着重从题型、体裁和技能技巧三个方面进行高效复习。 真题典例1.  【2022年全国乙卷英语真题】                                                 AHenry Raeburn (1756-1823)The ExhibitionThis exhibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotland’s best loved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, comes to London. Selected from collections throughout the world, it is the first major exhibition of his work to be held in over forty years. Lecture SeriesScottish National Portrait (肖像画) Gallery presents a series of lectures for the general public. They are held in the Lecture Room. Admission to lectures is free. An Introduction to RaeburnSunday 26 Oct., 15.00DUNCAN THOMSONRaeburn’s English ContemporariesThursday 30 Oct., 13.10JUDY EGERTONCharacters and Characterisation in Raeburn’s PortraitsThursday 6 Nov., 13.10NICHOLAS PHILLIPSONRaeburn and Artist’s Training in the 18th CenturyThursday 13 Nov., 13.10MARTIN POSTLE Exhibition TimesMonday-Saturday 10.00-17.45        Sunday 12.00-17.45Last admission to the exhibition: 17.15. There is no re-admission. Closed: 24-26 December and 1 January. Admission£4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free. Schools and CollegesA special low entrance charge of £2 per person is available to all in full-time education, up to and including those at first degree level, in organised groups with teachers.21．What is the right time for attending Raeburn’s English Contemporaries?A．Sun. 26 Oct. B．Thurs. 30 Oct. C．Thurs. 6 Nov. D．Thurs.13 Nov.22．How much would a couple with two children under 12 pay for admission?A．£4. B．£8. C．£12. D．£16.23．How can full-time students get group discounts?A．They should go on Sunday mornings. B．They should come from art schools.C．They must be led by teachers. D．They must have ID cards with them.BIn 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N. Y. — Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood — traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. The girls had gone to Smith College. They wore expensive clothes. So for them to move to Elkhead, Colo. to instruct the children whose shoes were held together with string was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted: The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden, who is a magazine editor and Dorothy Woodruff’s granddaughter.   Why did they go then? Well, they wanted to do something useful. Soon, however, they realized what they had undertaken.They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice. In Wickenden’s book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, which of course influenced the girls’ decision to go to Elkhead. A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed (牵涉) drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms. The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy’s return to Auburn.Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism (坚忍) of the people move her to some beautiful writing. Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff, on her horse, looking down from a hill top: “When the sun slipped behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them. Then a full moon rose. The snow was marked only by small animals: foxes, coyotes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter.”  24．Why did Dorothy and Rosamond go to the Rocky Mountains?A．To teach in a school. B．To study American history.C．To write a book. D．To do sightseeing.25．What can we learn about the girls from paragraph 3?A．They enjoyed much respect. B．They had a room with a bathtub.C．They lived with the local kids. D．They suffered severe hardships.26．Which part of Wickenden’s writing is hair-raising?A．The extreme climate of Auburn. B．The living conditions in Elkhead.C．The railroad building in the Rockies. D．The natural beauty of the West.27．What is the text?A．A news report. B．A book review. C．A children’s story. D．A diary entry.CCan a small group of drones (无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to make sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure (基础设施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis. Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient (高效) across the board. That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts. By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don’t need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.28．What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible?A．The use of drones in checking on power lines. B．Drones’ ability to work at high altitudes.C．The reduction of cost in designing drones. D．Drones’ reliable performance in remote areas.29．What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?A．Personnel safety. B．Assistance from drones.C．Inspection and repair. D．Construction of infrastructure.30．What function is expected of the rail drones?A．To provide early warning. B．To make trains run automatically.C．To earn profits for the crews. D．To accelerate transportation.31．Which is the most suitable title for the text?A．What Faults Can Be Detected with DronesB．How Production of Drones Can Be ExpandedC．What Difficulty Drone Development Will FaceD．How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways                                            DThe Government’s sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it would generate, the first official data on the policy has shown. First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity (肥胖). It is believed that today’s children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease.Initially the sugar tax was expected to make £520m a year for the Treasury. However, data of the first six months showed it would make less than half this amount. At present it is expected to generate £240m for the year ending in April 2019, which will go to school sports.It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers (制造商) so they can avoid paying the tax. Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers’ efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures. Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar content. However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year. Today’s figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities (设施) and healthier eating in schools. Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part. 32．Why was the sugar tax introduced?A．To collect money for schools. B．To improve the quality of drinks.C．To protect children’s health. D．To encourage research in education.33．How did some drinks companies respond to the sugar tax?A．They turned to overseas markets. B．They raised the prices of their products.C．They cut down on their production. D．They reduced their products’ sugar content.34．From which of the following is the sugar tax collected?A．Most alcoholic drinks. B．Milk-based drinks. C．Fruit juices. D．Classic Coke.35．What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy?A．It is a short-sighted decision. B．It is a success story.C．It benefits manufacturers. D．It upsets customers. 答案 A【答案】21．B    22．B    23．C【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了为纪念苏格兰最受欢迎的画家亨利·雷伯恩爵士进行的展览的相关情况。21．细节理解题。根据文章第二个小标题中表格右上角Raeburn’s English Contemporaries部分“Thursday 30 Oct. (10月30日星期四)”可知，在10月30日星期四可以去参加Raeburn’s English Contemporaries。故选B项。22．细节理解题。根据文章第四个小标题Admission部分“£4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.(4英镑。12岁以下儿童在一位成人陪同下免费入场)”可知，一对夫妇应付4+4=8英镑，两个12岁以下的儿童在成人陪同下免费，即入场费为8英镑。故选B项。23．细节理解题。根据最后一段“A special low entrance charge of £2 per person is available to all in full-time education, up to and including those at first degree level, in organised groups with teachers.(所有全日制教育的学生，高至并包括那些学士学位水平的学生，在有教师的组织团体中，均可享受每人2英镑的特别低入场费)”可知，全日制学生在有教师的组织团体中，可以获得折扣，即他们必须由教师带领。故选C项。B【答案】24．A    25．D    26．C    27．B【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章是一则书评，简要介绍了Dorothy Wickenden的书籍并对其进行了评价。24．细节理解题。根据第一段“In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N.Y.-Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood -traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. (1916年，来自纽约奥本市的两个富裕家庭的女孩——Dorothy Woodruff和Rosamond Underwood——来到落基山脉的一个定居点，在一间只有一个房间的学校教书)”可知，Dorothy和Rosamond去落基山脉是为了去学校里教书。故选A项。25．推理判断题。根据第三段“They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning.(他们和一个当地家庭，哈里森一家一起搬进去，和他们一样，几乎没有隐私，很少洗澡，早上醒来时被子上覆盖着一层雪)”以及“In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.(在春天，雪被泥替代覆盖在冰上)”可推知，女孩们的生活条件非常艰苦，她们的生活饱受磨难。故选D项。26．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms.(令人毛骨悚然的一段与铁路建设有关，这涉及到在令人眩目的暴风雪中钻穿落基山脉)”可知，Wickenden的作品中涉及落基山脉的铁路建设这一部分是令人毛骨悚然的。故选C项。27．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy’s return to Auburn.(这本书以Rosamond和Dorothy回到奥本结束)”以及最后一段“Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism of the people move her to some beautiful writing.( Wickenden是个很好的讲故事的人。大地的辽阔和人们的坚忍使她创作出了一些美丽的作品)”可知，本文简要介绍了Wickenden的书籍内容，并对其进行了评价，所以文本是一篇书评。故选B项。C【答案】28．A    29．C    30．A    31．D【导语】本文是一篇说明文。应用今天的“空中之眼”的技术，无人机能在保证铁路安全可靠的同时又能帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元。28．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points.(无人机已经被用于检查高压电线。他们完全可以做同样的事情来检查铁路线路和铁路基础设施的其他重要方面，如铁路轨道和换乘点的正确位置)”可推知，使用无人机检查电力线使无人机应用于铁路线路成为可能。故选A。29．词义猜测题。根据后文“It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. (据统计，仅欧洲铁路公司每年在铁路维护上的花费就约为200亿欧元，其中包括经常在夜间派遣维修人员检查和维修铁路基础设施)”可知花在maintenance上的费用是用于“inspect and repair the rail infrastructure （检查和维修铁路基础设施”，由此可知“That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety”是指大幅节省检修成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全，画线词和 C项：Inspection and repair(检修)含义相近。故选C。 31．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Can a small group of drones(无人机)guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to make sure that the millions of kilometers of rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施)worldwide are safe for trains on a24/7 basis.(一小群无人机能否在保证铁路安全可靠的同时，帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元？这很可能是应用今天的“空中之眼”技术的未来，以确保全球数百万公里的铁路轨道和基础设施全天候安全运行。)”以及后文第二段讲到了使用无人机检查电力线路使无人机应用于铁路线路成为可能;第三段讲到了使用无人机大幅节省维护成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全；第四段讲到了通过使用最新的技术，无人机还可以开始为铁路提供更高的价值，可知文章主要讲述了无人机将如何改变铁路的未来，所以D项“无人机将如何改变铁路的未来。”符合文章中心思想，适合作为本文的最佳标题。故选D。D【答案】32．C    33．D    34．D    35．B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国政府对软饮料征收的糖税来解决儿童以及青少年的健康问题，同时该收入用于学校体育。32．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity.(该税于2016年4月首次宣布，适用于每100毫升含糖超过5g的软饮料，旨在帮助减少儿童肥胖)”可知，征收糖税的目的是帮助儿童减少肥胖，保护儿童健康。故选C项。33．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers so they can avoid paying the tax.(此前，制造商已经降低了商店中销售的超过一半的软饮料的含糖量，以避免纳税)”可知，一些饮料公司通过降低了产品的含糖量来避税。故选D项。34．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.(然而，一些高糖品牌，如经典可口可乐，已经接受了糖税，并拒绝改变，因为担心会惹恼消费者。果汁、以牛奶为原料的饮料和大多数酒精饮料是免税的，每年生产不到100万升的小公司也是免税的)”可知，糖税主要来自经典可口可乐这些高糖品牌。故选D项。35．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Today’s figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities and healthier eating in schools.(根据一位政府官员的说法，今天的数据显示了糖税的积极影响，它为学校的体育设施和健康饮食筹集了数百万英镑)”可知，糖税政策带来了积极影响。由此推知，糖税政策的实施是一个成功的政策。故选B项。