【高考二轮重难点复习】2023年高考英语易错点精讲精练学案——专题05 第四讲 完形填空议论文(真题透视最新模拟同类题)（含解析）

这是一份【高考二轮重难点复习】2023年高考英语易错点精讲精练学案——专题05 第四讲 完形填空议论文(真题透视最新模拟同类题)（含解析），共29页。学案主要包含了考点概述，解题技能等内容，欢迎下载使用。


专题05 第四讲 议论文
完形填空真题透视+最新模拟同类题演练

目录：
考点概述
解题技能
真题透视
模拟演练
【考点概述】
议论文是高考完形填空中较难的一种文体。议论文的三要素论点、论据和结论要掌握。

【解题技能】
技巧一 把握首句
议论文完形填空的首句一般是主旨句，作者通常在首段提出总论点，然后在每段的首句提出分论点。
技巧二 依据结构查论点
文章论点提出一般有以下三种。
1. 开门见山：直接提出论点，然后用正反、对比、举例等论据加以论证，最后总结全文。
2. 抛砖引玉：先通过叙述生活中的一件事情或现象，不表明自己的观点，而是通过对具体现象的分析，最后得出结论。
3. 文末总结：先列举生活中的现象，不表明自己的观点，而是通过对具体现象的分析，最后得出结论。
技巧三 末段结论
议论文的尾段就是结论，也是对论点的照应。
真题透视
1. （2022年浙江·统考高考真题）
Small children are easy to throw up in the air and catch-and they ____1____ it. “Again, Daddy, again!” Jacky shouts as I throw him skywards and catch him on the way back down again. He throws his arms and legs out ____2____ he were flying, his eyes wide with ____3____. His trust in me is ____4____ which is quite a nice feeling, but at the same time gives me a huge sense of ____5____ .
I hope Jacky will always trust me fully, but I know that, as he gets ____6____ , it will need more effort and sound judgment____7____ . Trust is such an important part of a ____8____ relationship that it’s something that can’t ____9____ to lose. Every time I _____10_____ Jacky to something new, he’ll do it only because he trusts me and feels _____11_____ in the knowledge that he won’t get hurt ._____12_____ , teaching Jacky to swim means he has to _____13_____ that, when he’s swimming in the big pool, I’ll come to his rescue if his doggy paddle lets him down.
_____14_____ in the workplace, trust is important for strong _____15_____ . It is something that every manager should work hard to _____16_____ among their team. If people don’t trust you, they’re unlikely to _____17_____ your directions and willingly become a loyal (忠诚) team member. A _____18_____ of trust can make people work against you rather than for you. At the very least, it means that people are not going to be _____19_____ you their best. Good _____20_____, like good parenting, is a long-term commitment.
1．A．deserve B．miss C．love D．know
2．A．as if B．in case C．even though D．so that
3．A．fear B．excitement C．doubt D．astonishment
4．A．reasonable B．limited C．absolute D．important
5．A．relief B．satisfaction C．achievement D．responsibility
6．A．older B．busier C．quieter D．healthier
7．A．on my behalf B．on my part C．in my honor D．in my name
8．A．long-distance B．high-risk C．parent-child D．teacher-student
9．A．afford B．choose C．wait D．expect
10．A．attach B．compare C．adjust D．introduce
11．A．safe B．happy C．proud D．grateful
12．A．Above all B．In addition C．At first D．For example
13．A．admit B．believe C．suggest D．imagine
14．A．However B．Therefore C．Similarly D．Fortunately
15．A．affection B．determination C．friendship D．leadership
16．A．assess B．organize C．develop D．understand
17．A．repeat B．follow C．change D．forget
18．A．gesture B．measure C．bond D．lack
19．A．telling B．giving C．selling D．sending
20．A．management B．personality C．communication D．education
2.（2014年广东·高考真题）
Parents feel that it is difficult to live with teenagers. Then again, teenagers have___21___feelings about their parents, saying that it is not easy living with them. According to a recent research, the most common ___22___between parents and teenagers is that regarding untidiness and daily routine tasks. On the one hand, parents go mad over ___23___rooms, clothes thrown on the floor and their children’s refusal to help with the ___24___. On the other hand, teenagers lose their patience continually when parents blame them for ___25___the towel in the bathroom, not cleaning up their room or refusing to do the shopping at the supermarket.
The research, conducted by St. George University, shows that different parents have different ___26___to these problems. However, some approaches are more ___27___than others. For example, those parents who yell at their children for their untidiness, but ___28___clean the room for them, have fewer chances of changing their children’s ___29___. On the contrary, those who let teenagers experience the ____30____of their actions can do better. For example, when teenagers who don’t help their parents with the shopping don’t find their favorite drink in the refrigerator, they are forced to ____31____their actions.
Psychologists say that ____32____is the most important thing in parent-child relationships. Parents should ____33____to their children but at the same time they should lend an ear to what they have to say. Parents may ____34____their children when they are untidy but they should also understand that their room is their own private space. Communication is a two-way process. It is only by listening to and ____35____each other that problems between parents and children can be settled.
21．A．natural B．strong C．guilty D．similar
22．A．interest B．argument C．link D．knowledge
23．A．noisy B．crowded C．messy D．locked
24．A．homework B．housework C．problem D．research
25．A．washing B．using C．dropping D．replacing
26．A．approaches B．contributions C．introductions D．attitudes
27．A．complex B．popular C．scientific D．successful
28．A．later B．deliberately C．seldom D．thoroughly
29．A．behavior B．taste C．future D．nature
30．A．failures B．changes C．consequences D．thrills
31．A．defend B．delay C．repeat D．reconsider
32．A．communication B．bond C．friendship D．trust
33．A．reply B．attend C．attach D．talk
34．A．hate B．scold C．frighten D．stop
35．A．loving B．observing C．understanding D．praising
模拟演练
1. （2023年江苏镇江第一中学校考开学考试）
In all one’s lifetime it is oneself that one spends the most time being with or dealing with. But it is ____1____ oneself that one has the least understanding of. When you are going upwards in life you tend to overestimate yourself. It seems that everything you seek for is within your ____2____. When you are going downhill you tend to underestimate yourself.
To get a thorough understanding of oneself is to gain a correct view of oneself and be a realist-aware of both one’s ____3____ and weaknesses. You may ____4____ hopefully to the future but be sure not to ____5____ too much, for ideals can never be fully realized. You may be ____6____ to meet challenges but it should be clear to you ____7____ to direct your efforts. That’s to say, so long as you have a perfect ____8____ of yourself, there won’t be difficulties you can’t overcome.
To get a thorough understanding of oneself needs self-appreciation. Whether you think you are a towering tree or a blade of grass, a high mountain or a small stone, you represent a state of nature that has its own reason of ____9____. If you earnestly admire yourself you’ll have a real sense of self-appreciation, which will give you confidence. ____10____ you gain full confidence in yourself, you’ll be enabled to fight and overcome any difficulty.
To get a thorough understanding of oneself also requires doing oneself a favor when it’s needed. In time of anger, do yourself a favor by giving an outlet to it in a quiet place so that you won’t be hurt by its flames; in time of sadness, do yourself a favor by ____11____ it with your friends so as to change a gloomy mood into a cheerful one; in time of tiredness, do yourself a favor by getting a good sleep or taking some stimulant. Show yourself loving concern about your health and daily life. ____12____ you know perfectly well when and how to do yourself a favor, you won’t be confident and ready enough to ____13____ the attack of illness. As you are aware, what a person physically has is but a human body that’s vulnerable when ____14____ to the elements. So if you fall ill, it’s up to you to take a good care of yourself.
In a word, to get a thorough understanding of oneself is to get a full ____15____ of one’s life. Then one will find one’s life full of color and flavor.
1．A．permanently B．previously C．precisely D．perfectly
2．A．reach B．budget C．development D．brain
3．A．shortages B．disadvantages C．strengths D．limitations
4．A．look up B．look back C．look forward D．look down
5．A．expect B．analyze C．inspect D．dream
6．A．honest B．comprehensive C．courageous D．delicate
7．A．what B．which C．how D．where
8．A．image B．knowledge C．system D．memory
9．A．attack B．criticism C．popularity D．existence
10．A．As much as B．As soon as C．As far as D．As well as
11．A．quarreling B．arguing C．sharing D．blaming
12．A．Unless B．Once C．Since D．If
13．A．recall B．restore C．restart D．resist
14．A．exchanged B．exposed C．experienced D．exported
15．A．mark B．control C．account D．recovery

2. （2023年福建·统考一模）
There was a young boy at a beautiful beach digging sands using his plastic tools. While his other friends were playing the whole time, the little boy spent his day____16____his sandcastle. He even____17____a moat (护城河) using a spoon, a bridge with a____18____,and walls for his castle.
After a whole long day, he finished his____19____sandcastle until the waves washed his hard work. Holding back his tears, the boy didn’t get mad and____20____decided to study the waves that____21____his creation.
The boy was aware of the____22____and saw it a couple of times already. He already knew how to do things better. He felt no____23____, regret, or fear any more whenever the waves came. He just smiled,____24____his tools and left. He knew that the tide was beyond his_____25_____and he couldn’t do anything about it. What he could do though is how to_____26_____those situations.
Basically, no matter where you are, the waves of life will always_____27_____you. What matters most is how you behave during those moments and what they_____28_____about yourselves along this_____29_____called life. Keep calm while looking at things from different viewpoints because sometimes all it takes for_____30_____to happen in your life is by looking at things through different lenses!
16．A．creating B．picturing C．drawing D．watching
17．A．kept B．made C．crossed D．defended
18．A．bucket B．stone C．rope D．stick
19．A．old B．royal C．dream D．solid
20．A．therefore B．instead C．still D．nevertheless
21．A．supported B．perfected C．copied D．destroyed
22．A．castle B．construction C．sand D．tide
23．A．sorrow B．doubt C．hesitation D．excitement
24．A．held up B．picked up C．searched for D．threw away
25．A．belief B．repair C．control D．awareness
26．A．talk about B．draw upon C．react to D．fight against
27．A．search B．take C．recognize D．find
28．A．know B．teach C．judge D．beat
29．A．distance B．line C．journey D．circle
30．A．changes B．crashes C．events D．attacks

3. （2023年河南郑州外国语学校期末）
Space exploration has always been the province of _____31_____: The human imagination readily soars where human ingenuity (创造力) struggles to follow. A Voyage to the Moon, often cited as the first science fiction story, was written by Cyrano de Bergerac in 1649. Cyrano was dead and buried for a good three centuries _____32_____the first manned rockets started to fly.
In 1961, when President Kennedy declared that America would send a man to the moon by the decade’s end, those words, too, had a _____33_____ quality. They resonated (共鸣) with optimism and _____34_____ in much the same way as the most famous _____35_____ speech of all, delivered by Martin Luther King Jr. two years later. By the end of the decade, both visions had yielded concrete results and _____36_____ American society. _____37_____, in many ways the two dreams ended up _____38_____ each other. The fight for racial and economic equality is intensely pragmatic (讲求实用的) and immediate in its impact. The urge to explore space is just the opposite. It is figuratively and literally otherworldly in its _____39_____.
When the dust settled, the space dreamers lost out. There was no grand _____40_____ to the Apollo missions. The technologically compromised space shuttle program has just come to an end, with no _____41_____. The continuous argument is that _____42_____ are tight, that we have more pressing problems here on Earth. Amid the current concerns about the federal deficit (赤字), reaching toward the stars seems an unnecessary luxury—____43____ saving one-thousandth of a single year’s budget would solve our problems.
But human ingenuity struggles on. NASA is developing a series of robotic probes that will get the most value for the money spent. They will serve as modern Magellans, _____44_____ out the solar system for whatever explorers follow, whether man or machine. On the flip side, companies like Virgin Galactic are plotting a bottom-up assault on the space dream by making it a reality to the public. Private spaceflight could lie within _____45_____ of rich civilians in a few years. Another decade or two and it could _____46_____.
The space dreamers end up benefiting all of us — not just because of the way they expand human knowledge, or because of the ____47____ they produce, but because the two types of dreams support each other. Both Martin Luther King and John Kennedy appealed to the idea that humans can _____48_____ what were once considered great limitations. Today we face seeming challenges in energy, the environment, health care. Tomorrow we will overcome these as well, and the dreamers will deserve a lot of the _____49_____. The more evidence we collect that our species is _____50_____ greatness, the more we will actually achieve it.
31．A．dreamers B．explorers C．astronomers D．novelists
32．A．after B．before C．until D．while
33．A．realistic B．practical C．attractive D．dreamlike
34．A．reflection B．ambition C．ignorance D．recognition
35．A．inspiring B．public C．dream D．free
36．A．attacked B．industrialized C．transformed D．accessed
37．A．Therefore B．Instead C．Additionally D．However
38．A．in conflict with B．in line with C．in common with D．in pace with
39．A．aims B．damage C．power D．terms
40．A．followup B．breakthrough C．backup D．takeover
41．A．ancestor B．successor C．forefather D．advocate
42．A．situations B．securities C．funds D．schedules
43．A．just like B．so that C．as if D．on condition that
44．A．making B．figuring C．sweeping D．mapping
45．A．reach B．range C．control D．knowledge
46．A．drop behind B．go mainstream C．come to power D．dig out
47．A．productions B．chips C．technologies D．substitutes
48．A．go beyond B．go through C．go after D．go over
49．A．approval B．gratitude C．credit D．commitment
50．A．preferable to B．capable of C．proud of D．convinced of

4. （2022年全国·模拟预测）
There’s a pattern going like this: it’s late, but instead of going to bed, we stay up. The next day we’re tired and ___51___ ourselves an early night. Then it ___52___ again. Why do we insist on an action that’s ___53___ messing up our life?
Through childhood, night-time seemed ___54___. From our dark room, we saw grown-ups chatting around the table and ___55___ some things we weren’t supposed to know. In adolescence (青春期), the night was filled with ___56___. It was when poets drew inspiration, parties got wild, and our friends became most ___57___, describing their plans to reform the world. Thus, we have a sense that to go to bed early is to ___58___ joys.
In fact, such ___59___ in our memories were only an accident. These great things aren’t specific to ____60____. The deep communication with friends, the determination to ____61____ the work that wore you out: these aren’t ____62____ of late night, but tasks of our daytime selves — ____63____ well-rested minds.
We should be able to let ourselves go to bed early, not when we consider our search for happiness ____64____, but when we relocate (迁移) our longing and seek ____65____ where it can more realistically be found: in the bright and energetic hours of the new day.
51．A．refuse B．prepare C．promise D．spare
52．A．works B．helps C．responds D．happens
53．A．clearly B．surprisingly C．naturally D．deliberately
54．A．dangerous B．secret C．free D．harmonious
55．A．caught B．discussed C．believed D．recorded
56．A．uncertainties B．impossibilities C．fantasies D．excitements
57．A．curious B．anxious C．sensitive D．talkative
58．A．miss out on B．come up with C．go in for D．break away from
59．A．limitations B．devotions C．associations D．decisions
60．A．darkness B．memory C．youth D．reality
61．A．undertake B．land C．quit D．continue
62．A．features B．demands C．challenges D．bonuses
63．A．training B．requiring C．affecting D．disturbing
64．A．hopeless B．primary C．complex D．urgent
65．A．fortune B．pleasure C．company D．support

5. （2022年上海奉贤·高三统考期中）
According to a survey conducted by wenjuan.com for the China Youth Daily, 71.0 percent of the 1,538 people polled said they watched short videos on a____66____basis. 61.8 percent believed that long-term viewing of short videos could interfere with their normal social interactions; and 65.2 percent suggested that video platforms step up in issuing regular____67____so that users could take a break.
This appeal for external aids to help____68____ the addictive habit hints at the crushing hold short videos have on the shiftless majority— many of them are not utterly ____69____ self-control in other circumstances.
Another recent survey of juveniles found 65.6 percent of them have watched short videos, and 20 percent of them just couldn’t stop watching.
For as you click on those seemingly____70____videos, your life will be thrown into a mindless spiral (螺旋)as we eagerly move from one piece to the next, each lasting 20 to 30 seconds, and are shocked, amused, and outraged in rapid____71____.
You never have a chance to get____72____, for you are always curious about what the next piece would be like,____73____more. All that is needed is a slight twitching (抽动) of one of your fingers.    
Respondents do believe some videos could be useful by teaching you how to cook， how to apply make-up, practice wellness, or buy things. There was even an alleged (声称但未经证实的) telecom fraudster publicizing his____74____and daring the police to catch him in Dubai, according to him.
It is shocking to realize that a published video itself would have ____75____ acquired a degree of authenticity and enough to prevent all intentions and the need for checking, even____76____ such basic facts as authorship.
So it is natural that 36.7 percent of the respondents in the wenjuan.com survey cited the issue of false and misleading content in short videos as an issue, and relevant authorities should have stepped in long ago to____77____it.
Yes, juvenile-only modes have been____78____for some time, but it is so easy for children to avoid this.____79____ , there is an equal need for a mechanism to prevent adults from becoming addicted, notably by limiting the lime they are allowed to view the videos. Thus, when 37.0 percent of the respondents said that, as far as viewing habits are concerned, parents should be a role model to prevent the imitation of juveniles. Maybe all parents should____80____their mobile phones for a moment of self-reflection.
66．A．regular B．personal C．social D．satisfied
67．A．signals B．innovation C．alerts D．clues
68．A．kick B．develop C．foster D．deprive
69．A．with B．under C．through D．without
70．A．attractive B．unharmful C．meaningful D．popular
71．A．speed B．succession C．transition D．movement
72．A．thrilled B．horrified C．bored D．delighted
73．A．expecting B．growing C．addicting D．foreseeing
74．A．competence B．identification C．enthusiasm D．willingness
75．A．automatically B．consciously C．insanely D．likely
76．A．ignoring B．predicting C．meditating D．regarding
77．A．represent B．address C．interfere D．stress
78．A．on schedule B．out of order C．in place D．in need
79．A．In fact B．For example C．Therefore D．Instead
80．A．focus on B．live without C．give way to D．put aside

6. （2022年辽宁鞍山一中校考阶段练习）
We are often told that we should not give up, and that all the most successful people have persistence. Usually, people who do not ____81____ persistence are called lazy. But laziness is not the ____82____ problem. More often, it is doubt and fear that make you ____83____ and keep you from trying. These gradually ____84____ your sense of self-worth, which can lead to depression. That is why it is so ____85____ to push ahead. Failure is a(n) ____86____ for us to discover what goes wrong. After all, no one ____87____ their goal easily. For example, it’s constant ____88____ that makes Stephen Curry one of the greatest basketball players.
Persistence doesn’t mean you should stay in a terrible situation. It’s about ____89____. Adversity (逆境) is unavoidable, but it doesn’t mean you should give up. You just need to ____90____ how you reach it. Alter your plans, choose another method, or find a different ____91____.
If you’re ____92____, persistence comes naturally. I underwent an amazing amount of ____93____ when I first started writing. My father opposed it. I received hundreds of rejection letters from publishers. ____94____, I stuck to it. Eventually, my persistence paid off. My articles were ____95____ by an editor, who hired me to write articles. I endured over 10 years before seeing any success. Why? It was my love for writing that motivated me after repeated rejection and failure.
81．A．demonstrate B．enjoy C．control D．admit
82．A．special B．usual C．difficult D．only
83．A．regret B．grow C．delete D．hesitate
84．A．shape B．reduce C．raise D．construct
85．A．rough B．thrilling C．essential D．scary
86．A．excuse B．strategy C．opportunity D．measure
87．A．sets B．abandons C．adjusts D．achieves
88．A．practice B．test C．pressure D．passion
89．A．devotion B．reflection C．flexibility D．attention
90．A．accept B．insist C．plan D．change
91．A．goal B．path C．hobby D．reason
92．A．passionate B．curious C．responsible D．smart
93．A．expectation B．criticism C．hardship D．imagination
94．A．Otherwise B．Nevertheless C．Therefore D．Moreover
95．A．appreciated B．rejected C．considered D．published


答案
1.（2022年浙江·统考高考真题）
1．C    2．A    3．B    4．C    5．D    6．A    7．B    8．C    9．A    10．D    11．A    12．D    13．B    14．C    15．D    16．C    17．B    18．D    19．B    20．A
【导语】这是一篇议论文。短文论述了信任的重要性。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：孩子很喜欢被抛到空中并被抓住——而且他们喜欢这样做。A. deserve值得；B. miss错过；C. love爱；D. know知道。根据下文“Again, Daddy, again!”可知，孩子很喜欢被抛到空中并被抓住。故选C项。
2．考查连词短语词义辨析。句意：他伸出胳膊和腿，好像在飞，他的眼睛因为兴奋睁得大大的。A. as if 好像；B. in case以防；C. even though即使；D. so that以便。根据“he were flying”可知，本句为虚拟语气，好像在飞。故选A项。
3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他伸出胳膊和腿，好像在飞，他的眼睛因为兴奋睁得大大的。A. fear害怕；B. excitement兴奋；C. doubt怀疑；D. astonishment惊讶。根据上文“He throws his arms and legs out 　　　2　　 he were flying,”可知，他的眼睛因为兴奋睁得大大的。故选B项。
4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他对我的信任是绝对的，这是一种很好的感觉，但同时也给了我巨大的责任感。A. reasonable合理的；B. limited有限的；C. absolute完全的，绝对的；D. important重要的。根据上文“Again, Daddy, again!”可知，孩子要求一次次被仍向空中，由此可知，他对父亲是完全信任的。故选C项。
5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他对我的信任是绝对的，这是一种很好的感觉，但同时也给了我巨大的责任感。A. relief宽慰；B. satisfaction满意；C. achievement成就；D. responsibility责任。结合语境，此处指孩子对父亲的信任也成为了父亲的责任，即他有让孩子信任自己的责任。故选D项。
6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我希望杰基能永远完全信任我，但我知道，随着他长大，这需要我付出更多努力和做出正确的判断。A. older年龄较大的；B. busier较为忙的；C. quieter较安静的；D. healthier较健康的。根据下文“it will need more effort and sound judgment  ____7____”可知，随着他长大，这需要作者付出更多努力和做出正确的判断。故选A项。
7．考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：我希望杰基能永远完全信任我，但我知道，随着他长大，这需要我付出更多努力和做出正确的判断。A. on my behalf代表我；B. on my part就我来说；C. in my honor以我的名誉；D. in my name以我的名义。本段在探讨作者与儿子之间的关系，所以需要“我”付出更多努力和做出正确的判断。故选B项。
8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：信任是亲子关系中非常重要的一部分，它是一种不能失去的东西。A. long-distance长途的；B. high-risk高风险的；C. parent-child父母子女的；D. teacher-student师生的。本段在探讨作者与儿子之间的关系，所以是一中亲子关系。故选C项。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：信任是亲子关系中非常重要的一部分，它是一种不能失去的东西。A. afford支付得起；B. choose选择；C. wait等待；D. expect期望。根据上文“Trust is such an important part of a  ____8____  relationship”可知，它是一种不能失去的东西。afford to do sth“能够做某事”。故选A项。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每次我给杰克介绍新东西，他都会去做，只是因为他相信我，觉得安全，因为他知道自己不会受伤。 A. attach贴上；B. compare对比；C. adjust调整； D. introduce介绍。根据下文“to something new”可知，作者介绍给儿子新的东西。故选D项。
11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每次我给杰克介绍新东西，他都会去做，只是因为他相信我，觉得安全，因为他知道自己不会受伤。A. safe安全的；B. happy快乐的；C. proud自豪的； D. grateful感激的。根据上文“he trusts me”可知，只是因为他相信作者，觉得安全。故选A项。
12．考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：例如，教杰克游泳意味着他必须相信当他在大泳池里游泳时，如果他溺水，我能去救他。A. Above all首先重要的是；B. In addition除此之外；C. At first首先；D. For example例如。根据下文“teaching Jacky to swim means he has to  ____13____  ”可知，作者在举例子。故选D项。
13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，教杰克游泳意味着他必须相信当他在大泳池里游泳时，如果他溺水，我能去救他。A. admit承认；B. believe相信；C. suggest建议；D. imagine想象。根据上文“because he trusts me”可知，教杰克游泳意味着他必须相信当他在大泳池里游泳时，如果他溺水，作者能去救他。这是父子信任的一个很好的例子。故选B项。
14．考查副词词义辨析。句意：同样，在工作场所，信任对于强大的领导力也很重要。A. However然而；B. Therefore因此；C. Similarly相似地；D. Fortunately幸运地。作者从父子之间的信任转移到职场，所以同样，在工作场所，信任对于强大的领导力也很重要。故选C项。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同样，在工作场所，信任对于强大的领导力也很重要。A. affection感情；B. determination决定；C. friendship友谊；D. leadership领导力。根据下文“It is something that every manager”可知，信任对于强大的领导力也很重要。故选D项。
16．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是每个管理者都应该努力在团队中培养的品质。A. assess评估；B. organize组织；C. develop发展，培养；D. understand理解。根据常识可知，信任需要培养。故选C项。
17．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果人们不信任你，他们就不太可能听从你的指示，并不愿意成为忠诚的团队成员。A. repeat重复；B. follow跟随；C. change改变； D. forget忘记。根据上文“If people don’t trust you”可知，人们不信任你，他们就不太可能听从你的指示。故选B项。
18．考查名词词义辨析。句意：缺乏信任会让人们与你作对，而不是帮助你。A. gesture姿势；B. measure测量；C. bond纽带；D. lack缺少。根据下文“make people work against you rather than for you”可知，缺乏信任会让人们与你作对。故选D项。
19．考查动词词义辨析。句意：至少，这意味着人们不会给你最好的回应。A. telling告诉；B. giving给；C. selling卖；D. sending发送。其他人不信任你，所以不会给你最好的回应。故选B项。
20．考查名词词义辨析。句意：好的管理，就像好的育儿一样，是一种长期的承诺。A. management管理；B. personality个性；C. communication交流；D. education教育。根据上文“in the workplace”以及“manager”客户，作者在说管理。故选A项。
2.（2014年广东·高考真题）
21．D    22．B    23．C    24．B    25．C    26．A    27．D    28．A    29．A    30．C    31．D    32．A    33．D    34．B    35．C
【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了家长和孩子如何相处的问题。一味的责备会使得亲情疏远。父母也应该倾听孩子的心里话。沟通是一个双向的过程。做一个聪明的善解人意的家长更受孩子的欢迎。
21．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：父母觉得很难与青少年生活。同样，青少年对父母也有类似的感觉，他们说和父母住在一起并不容易。A. natural自然的；B. strong强壮的；C. guilty犯罪的；D. similar相似的。根据空前、空后的提示可知，父母和孩子有着相似的感觉。故选D。
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：根据最近的一项研究，父母与青少年之间的最常见的争吵是关于邋遢和每日的例行任务。A. interest兴趣；B. argument争论，争吵；C. link联系；D. knowledge知识。根据下文可知，因为父母不满意孩子不能保持自己房间的干净、整齐、卫生而发生争吵。故选B。
23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一方面，父母会因为凌乱的房间，扔在地板上的衣服和他们的孩子拒绝帮助做家务而发疯。A. noisy喧闹的；B. crowded拥挤的；C. messy杂乱的；D. locked上锁的。根据下文“clothes thrown on the floor”可知，此处指凌乱的房间。故选C。
24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一方面，父母会因为凌乱的房间，扔在地板上的衣服和他们的孩子拒绝帮助做家务而发疯。A. homework作业；B. housework家务；C. problem难题；D. research研究，调查。根据语境可知，此处指孩子们拒绝做家务。故选B。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：另一方面，当父母责备他们把毛巾丢在浴室里，没有打扫房间，或者拒绝在超市购物时，青少年会不断地失去耐心。A. washing洗；B. using 使用；C. dropping落下；D. replacing更换，替代。根据下文“in the bathroom”可知，此处指毛巾扔进浴室，drop the towel“把毛巾掉在地上”。故选C。
26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：圣乔治大学的研究表明不同的父母对这些问题有不同的方法。A. approaches方法，途径；B. contributions 贡献；C. introductions介绍，入门；D. attitudes态度，看法。根据下文“However, some approaches are more 　　7　　than others.”可知，此处指不同的方法。故选A。
27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，一些方法比其他人的更成功。A. complex复杂的；B. popular受欢迎的；C. scientific科学的；D. successful成功的。根据下文可知，接下来列举了一些成功的父母的做法。故选D。
28．考查副词词义辨析。句意：例如，那些对孩子的不整洁大吼大叫，但后来却为他们打扫房间的父母，很少有机会改变孩子的行为。A. later后来；B. deliberately故意地；C. seldom很少；D. thoroughly彻底。这样的父母我们生活中不少见。故选A。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：例如，那些对孩子的不整洁大吼大叫，但后来却为他们打扫房间的父母，很少有机会改变孩子的行为。A. behavior行为；B. taste味道；C. future未来；D. nature自然。孩子不改变行为是因为父母责备了他们，然后又帮他们收拾使孩子认为被批评了就可以不做了，自然行为得不到改变。故选A。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：根据后面可知，与此相反，那些让青少年体验他们的行为的结果的父母可以做得更好。A. failures失败；B. changes变化；C. consequences结果；D. thrills兴奋，震颤。根据下文“For example, when teenagers who don’t help their parents with the shopping don’t find their favorite drink in the refrigerator, they are forced to ___11___ their actions.”可知，此处指让青少年体验他们的行为的结果。故选C。
31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，当青少年不购物帮助他们的父母购物时，他们在冰箱里就找不到他们最喜爱的饮料，这样他们就被迫重新考虑他们的行动。A. defend防御；B. delay耽搁；C. repeat重复；D. reconsider重新考虑。根据语境和词的意义可知，此处指青少年被迫重新考虑他们的行动。故选D。
32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：心理学家说交流是家长和孩子关系中最重要的事。A. communication交流；B. bond结合；C. friendship友谊；D. trust信任。有沟通才会消除隔阂和误解。故选A。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：父母应和子女交谈 ，但同时也应该听一听他们要说什么。A. reply回答；B. attend参加；C. attach附加，系；D. talk谈论。根据下文“at the same time they should lend an ear to what they have to say”可知，此处是talk to“和……交流”。故选D。
34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：父母责备他们的孩子当他们的房间凌乱时，但他们也应该明白他们的房间是他们自己的私人空间。A. hate讨厌；B. scold责备；C. frighten 吓唬；D. stop停止。代入四个词分析，只有B符合语境。故选B。
35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：沟通是一个双向的过程。它只有通过倾听和理解对方，父母与子女之间的问题才可以得到解决。A. loving爱；B. observing观察；C. understanding理解；D. praising表扬。代入四个词分析，C更符合语境。故选C。
模拟演练
1．C    2．A    3．C    4．C    5．A    6．C    7．D    8．B    9．D    10．B    11．C    12．A    13．D    14．B    15．B
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章告诉我们，不要妄自菲薄，也不用高估自己，要学会真正了解自己，自我肯定，学会排解情绪，掌控生活。
1．考查副词词义辨析。句意：但人最不了解的恰恰是自己。A. permanently永久地；B. previously先前地；C. precisely恰好、精确地；D. perfectly完美地。根据上文的but和下文“one has the least understanding of(一个人最不了解)”可知，此处是指人最不理解“恰恰”是自己。故选C项。
2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：似乎你想要的一切都触手可及。A. reach能及的范围；B. budget预算；C. development发展；D. brain大脑。分析句意再根据within可知，此处用within reach表示“伸手可及”。故选A项。
3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：彻悟自己，就是要正确认识自己，做一个现实主义者，既认清自己的长处，也清楚自己的短处。A. shortages短缺；B. disadvantages劣势；C. strengths优势、长处；D. limitations局限。分析句意再根据下文的weaknesses可知，此处用strengths表示“优势、长处”与下文呼应，故选C项。
4．考查短语辨析。句意：你可以憧憬未来，但不要期望太高，因为理想永远不能完全实现。A. look up尊敬、查阅；B. look back回头看；C. look forward期望；D. look down向下看。分析句意再根据下文的future可知，此处指对未来的憧憬。故选C项。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. expect期待；B. analyze分析；C. inspect审查；D. dream梦想。分析句意再根据上文的but可知，上下文是转折关系，所以此处指不要“期望”太多。故选A项。
6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你可以勇敢地迎接挑战，但你应该清楚自己努力的方向。A. honest诚实的；B. comprehensive综合性的；C. courageous勇敢的；D. delicate柔和的。分析句意再根据下文的“to meet challenges(迎接挑战)”可知，此处用固定搭配be courageous to do sth表示“勇敢地做某事”符合语境。故选C项。
7．考查疑问词辨析。句意：同上。A. what什么；B. which哪一个；C. how如何；D. where哪儿。分析句意再根据空格后的to direct可知，此处用where指努力的方向符合语境。故选D项。
8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：也就是说，只要你对自己有充分的认识，就没有克服不了的困难。A. image形象；B. knowledge认识、知识；C. system体系；D. memory记忆。根据下文“there won’t be difficulties you can’t overcome.(没有你克服不了的困难。)”可知，此处是指对自己有充分的“认识”符合语境。故选B项。
9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：无论你认为自己是一棵参天大树还是一棵小草，是一座高山还是一块小石头，你都代表着一种自然状态，都有自己存在的理由。A. attack袭击；B. criticism批评；C. popularity流行；D. existence存在。分析句意再根据空格前的reason of可知，此处指“存在”的理由。故选D项。
10．考查固定短语辨析。句意：如果你认真地欣赏自己，你就会有一种真正的自我欣赏，它会给你信心。只要你对自己充满信心，你就能战胜任何困难。A. As much as多达；B. As soon as一……就；C. As far as至于；D. As well as也、和。根据下文“you’ll be enabled to fight and overcome any difficulty.(你将能够对抗和克服任何困难)”可知，此处指你一达到充满信心这一条件，就能客服任何困难。故选B项。
11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在忧伤的时候，要善待自己，找朋友倾诉一下，让沮丧的心情振作起来。A. quarreling吵架；B. arguing争辩；C. sharing分享；D. blaming责备。根据下文“so as to change a gloomy mood into a cheerful one(这样就可以把阴沉的心情变成愉快的心情)”可知，此处指通过和朋友倾诉即“分享”可以转变心情，故选C项。
12．考查连词辨析。句意：除非你非常清楚何时以及如何帮助自己，否则你不会有足够的信心和准备来抵抗疾病的攻击。A. Unless除非；B. Once曾经；C. Since自从、因为；D. If如果。根据下文“ you know perfectly well when and how to do yourself a favor,(你非常清楚何时以及如何帮助自己)”可知，此处是表必要条件，所以用 Unless表示“除非”符合语境。故选A项。
13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.recall回想起；B. restore恢复；C. restart重新启动；D. resist抵抗。根据下文“the attack of illness(疾病的攻击)”可知，此处指“抵抗”疾病的攻击。故选D项。
14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：正如你所知道的，一个人的身体所拥有的只是一个暴露在自然环境中的脆弱的人体。A. exchanged交换；B. exposed暴露；C. experienced经历；D. exported出口。分析句意再根据to the elements可知，此处指“暴露”在自然环境中。故选B项。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：总之，彻底了解自己，才能掌握自己的人生。A. mark标记；B. control掌握、控制；C. account账户；D. recovery恢复。分析句意再根据空格后的life可知，此处指“掌握”自己的人生，符合语境。故选B项。

16．A    17．B    18．D    19．C    20．B    21．D    22．D    23．A    24．B    25．C    26．C    27．D    28．B    29．C    30．A

【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了当生活中遇到波浪的时候，可以从不同的角度看问题，生活会发生变化。
16．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他的其他朋友一直在玩的时候，小男孩花了一整天的时间建造他的沙堡。A. creating创造；B. picturing想象；C. drawing绘画 ；D. watching观看。根据后文“He even____2____a moat (护城河) using a spoon, a bridge with a____3____,and walls for his castle.”可知，该在其他朋友一直在玩的时候，小男孩花了一整天的时间建造他的沙堡。故选A。
17．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他甚至用勺子造了一条护城河，用棍子造了一座桥，还为他的城堡筑了墙。A. kept保持；B. made制作；C. crossed穿过；D. defended防御。根据后文的“a moat (护城河) using a spoon,”可知，他用勺子制造了一条护城河。故选B。
18．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他甚至用勺子造了一条护城河，用棍子造了一座桥，还为他的城堡筑了墙。A. bucket桶；B. stone石头；C. rope绳子；D. stick木棍。根据前文的“a bridge”可知，男孩拥木棍搭建了一座桥。故选D。
19．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在漫长的一天之后，他完成了他的梦想沙堡，直到海浪冲刷了他的辛勤工作。A. old老的；B. royal皇室的；C. dream梦想的；D. solid坚硬的。根据后文的“sandcastle”可知，男孩建造的沙堡是他梦想的城堡。故选C。
20．考查副词词义辨析。句意：男孩忍住眼泪，没有生气，而是决定研究摧毁他的创作的海浪。A. therefore因此；B. instead相反；C. still仍然；D. nevertheless不过，然而。根据前文“Holding back his tears, the boy didn’t get mad”可知，设空处与前文构成转折关系，即表示男孩忍住眼泪，没有生气，而是决定研究摧毁他的创作的海浪。故选B。
21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：男孩忍住眼泪，没有生气，而是决定研究摧毁他的创作的海浪。A. supported支持；B. perfected使完美；C. copied复制；D. destroyed毁灭。根据前文“until the waves washed his hard work”可知，男孩研究起了摧毁沙堡的海浪。故选D。
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：男孩注意到了潮水，已经见过几次了。A. castle城堡；B. construction建设；C. sand沙子；D. tide潮汐。根据前文“the boy didn’t get mad and____5____decided to study the waves that____6____his creation.”可知，男孩对海浪产生了兴趣，因此注意到潮汐。故选D。
23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：每当海浪来袭，他不再感到悲伤、遗憾或恐惧。A. sorrow悲伤；B. doubt怀疑；C. hesitation犹豫；D. excitement兴奋。根据后文“He just smiled,____9____his tools and left.”可知，男孩对于海浪来袭没有悲伤。故选A。
24．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他只是笑了笑，拿起工具就走了。A. held up举起；B. picked up捡起；C. searched for寻找；D. threw away扔掉。根据后文“left”可知，男孩拿起工具起身了离开。故选B。
25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他知道潮水已超出他的控制范围，对此他无能为力。A. belief信念；B. repair修理；C. control控制；D. awareness意识。根据前文“He felt no____8____, regret, or fear any more whenever the waves came. He just smiled,____9____his tools and left.”可知，男孩每当海浪来袭，他不再感到悲伤、遗憾或恐惧，因为他知道海浪是他无法控制的事情。故选C。
26．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他能做的是如何应对这些情况。A. talk about谈论；B. draw upon总结；C. react to反应；D. fight against反对，对抗。根据后文“those situations”可知，男孩知道自己无法控制海浪，因此他知道自己能做的是如何来应对这些海浪。故选C。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：基本上，无论你在哪里，生活中总会有海浪的出现。A. search寻找；B. take带走；C. recognize认出；D. find找到。根据前文“Basically, no matter where you are,”可知，无论在哪里，生活的海浪都会发现你即在生活中遇到海浪。故选D。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：基本上，无论你在哪里，生活的波浪总会找到你。最重要的是你在这些时刻的表现，以及它们在这段称为人生的旅程中教会了你什么。A. know知道；B. teach教；C. judge判断；D. beat拍打。根据前文“how you behave during those moments”可知，此处强调最重要的是你在这些时刻的表现以及这些波浪教会了你什么。故选B。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：基本上，无论你在哪里，生活的波浪总会找到你。最重要的是你在这些时刻的表现，以及它们在这段称为人生的旅程中教会了你什么。A. distance距离；B. line线；C. journey旅行；D. circle循环。根据前文“What matters most is how you behave during those moments and what they____13____about yourselves”可知，此处将人生比作旅程，强调的是最重要的是你在这些时刻的表现，以及它们在这段称为人生的旅程中教会了你什么。故选C。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：从不同的角度看问题时要保持冷静，因为有时候你的生活只需要通过不同的角度看问题就会发生变化！A. changes改变；B. crashes坠毁；C. events事件；D. attacks攻击。根据前文的“Keep calm while looking at things from different viewpoints”可知，从不同的角度看问题会产生变化。故选A。

31．A    32．B    33．D    34．B    35．A    36．C    37．D    38．A    39．A    40．A    41．B    42．C    43．C    44．D    45．A    46．B    47．C    48．A    49．C    50．B

【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者认为太空探索一直都是梦想家的领域，它激发了人类的想象力和创造力，而人类的聪明才智也紧追不舍，最终将人类送上了太空。
31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：太空探索一直是梦想家的领域：人类的想象力在人类的创造力难以企及的地方迅速翱翔。A. dreamers梦想家；B. explorers探险家；C. astronomers天文学家；D. novelists小说家。根据下文“The human imagination readily soars where human ingenuity (创造力)struggles to follow.(人类的想象力在人类的创造力难以企及的地方迅速翱翔。)”可知，太空探索一直是“梦想家”的领域，呼应下文“the space dreamers”。故选A项。
32．考查连词词义辨析。句意：在第一批载人火箭开始飞行之前，西拉诺已经死了，并被埋葬了整整三个世纪。A. after在……之后；B. before在……之前；C. until直到；D. while当……的时候。根据上文“Cyrano was dead and buried for a good three centuries(西拉诺已经死了，并被埋葬了整整三个世纪)”可知，此处用before表示在第一批载人火箭开始飞行“之前”西拉诺已经死了。故选B项。
33．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：1961年，当肯尼迪总统宣布美国将在十年内将人类送上月球时，这些话也有一种梦幻的感觉。A. realistic务实的；B. practical实用的；C. attractive有吸引力的；D. dreamlike梦一般的。根据上文“In 1961, when President Kennedy declared that America would send a man to the moon by the decade’s end(1961年，肯尼迪总统宣布美国将在十年内将人类送上月球)”可知，这些话应该是“梦幻般的”。故选D项。
34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们的乐观和雄心与两年后马丁·路德·金(Martin Luther King Jr.)最著名的鼓舞人心的演讲在很大程度上是一样的。A. reflection反射；B. ambition雄心；C. ignorance无知；D. recognition认可。根据上文的“optimism”可知，此处用ambition与上文呼应，表示“雄心”（1961年，肯尼迪总统宣布美国将在十年内将人类送上月球）符合语境。故选B项。
35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. inspiring鼓舞人心的；B. public公共的；C. dream理想的；D. free自由的。根据下文的“delivered by Martin Luther King Jr.(马丁·路德·金发表的)”可知，此处用inspiring表示“鼓舞人心的”演讲。故选A项。
36．考查动词词义辨析。句意：到90年代末，这两种愿景都取得了具体成果，改变了美国社会。A. attacked袭击；B. industrialized使工业化；C. transformed改变、转化；D. accessed进入。根据下文“The fight for racial and economic equality is intensely pragmatic (讲求实用的) and immediate in its impact.(争取种族和经济平等的斗争是非常务实且有直接的影响。)”可知，此处是指“改变了”美国社会。故选C项。
37．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，在许多方面，这两个梦想最终相互冲突。A. Therefore因此；B. Instead代替；C. Additionally另外；D. However然而。分析上下文语境可知，上下文是转折关系，所以用However表示“然而”符合语境。故选D项。
38．考查介词短语辨析。句意：同上。A. in conflict with和……冲突；B. in line with符合；C. in common with与……一样；D. in pace with随着。根据下文“The urge to explore space is just the opposite(探索太空的欲望恰恰相反)”可知，此处指这两个梦想最终发生了冲突。故选A项。
39．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它的目的在形象上和字面上都是超凡脱俗的。A. aims目的；B. damage损坏；C. power权力；D. terms术语。根据上文“The fight for racial and economic equality is intensely pragmatic (讲求实用的) and immediate in its impact.(争取种族和经济平等的斗争是非常务实且有直接的影响。)”可知，此处指探索太空的目的。故选A项。
40．考查名词词义辨析。句意：阿波罗计划之后，没有大规模的后续行动。A. followup追踪、后续行动；B. breakthrough突破；C. backup后备；D. takeover接管。根据上文“When the dust settled, the space dreamers lost out.(尘埃落定后，太空梦想家们迷失了方向)”可知，此处指没有了后续行动，所以用followup表示“追踪、后续行动”符合语境。故选A项。
41．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在技术上受到影响的航天飞机计划刚刚结束，没有后续计划。A. ancestor祖先；B. successor后续事物、继承者；C. forefather前辈；D. advocate拥护者。根据第10题的分析，阿波罗计划以后没有大规模的后续行动，所以此处用successor表示“后续事物、后续计划”符合语境。故选B项。
42．考查名词词义辨析。句意：持续的争论是资金紧张，我们在地球上有更紧迫的问题。A. situations情况；B. securities担保；C. funds基金；D. schedules时间表。根据下文“Amid the current concerns about the federal deficit(在当前对联邦赤字的担忧中)”可知，此处是指资金紧张。故选C项。
43．考查连词词义辨析。句意：在当前对联邦赤字的担忧中，仰望星空似乎是一种不必要的奢侈——好像节省一年预算的千分之一就能解决我们的问题。A. just like就像；B. so that以便；C. as if 好像；D. on condition that条件是。根据上文“reaching toward the stars seems an unnecessary luxury(仰望星空似乎是一种不必要的奢侈)”可知，此处用as if表示“好像”与上文呼应。故选C项。
44．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它们将作为现代麦哲伦人，为任何探险家绘制太阳系地图，无论是人类还是机器。A. making制作；B. figuring计算；C. sweeping打扫；D. mapping绘地图。根据下文“the solar system”可知，此处指“绘制”太阳系地图。故选D项。
45．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在未来几年内，富裕的平民百姓也可以进行私人太空飞行。A. reach影响范围；B. range范围；C. control控制；D. knowledge知识。根据上文“On the flip side, companies like Virgin Galactic are plotting a bottom-up assault on the space dream by making it a reality to the public.(另一方面，像维珍银河这样的公司正在策划一场自下而上的攻击，让太空梦想成为公众的现实。)”可知，此处指私人太空飞行可能成为富裕的平民百姓也能接触的事情，所以用within reach表示“在够到的范围内、接触到”符合语境。故选A项。
46．考查动词短语辨析。句意：再过一二十年，它就会成为主流。A. drop behind落伍；B. go mainstream成为主流；C. come to power执政；D. dig out掘出。结合第15题的分析再根据上文“Another decade or two”可知，此出处用短语go mainstream表示未来私人太空飞行会“成为主流”符合语境。故选B项。
47．考查名词词义辨析。句意：太空梦想家最终使我们所有人受益——不仅仅是因为他们扩展人类知识的方式，或者因为他们生产的技术，而是因为这两种类型的梦想是相互支持的。A. productions生产；B. chips炸薯条；C. technologies技术；D. substitutes替代物。根据空格后的“they produce”可知，此处指太空梦想家们生产的副产品“技术”。故选C项。
48．考查动词短语辨析。句意：马丁·路德·金(Martin Luther King)和约翰·肯尼迪(John Kennedy)都认为，人类可以超越曾经被认为的巨大的局限。A. go beyond超出；B. go through通过；C. go after追求；D. go over复习。根据下文“what were once considered great limitations(曾经被认为的巨大的局限性)”和“Tomorrow we will overcome these as well(明天，我们也将克服这些困难)”可知，此处用短语go beyond指“超越”局限性，符合语境。故选A项。
49．考查名词词义辨析。句意：明天，我们也将克服这些困难，梦想家们理应得到赞扬。A. approval同意；B. gratitude感激；C. credit信誉、赞扬；D. commitment承诺。分析句意再根据上文的“The space dreamers end up benefiting all of us(太空梦想家最终使我们所有人受益)”和“deserve”可知，此处用credit表示理应得到“赞扬”符合语境。故选C项。
50．考查形容词短语辨析。句意：我们收集的证据越多，表明人类有能力变得伟大，我们就越能真正实现它。A. preferable to更可取的；B. capable of有……能力的；C. proud of为……自豪；D. convinced of使确信。根据下文“the more we will actually achieve it(我们就越能真正实现它)”可知，我们的物种有能力做到伟大，所以用capable of表示“有……能力的”符合语境。故选B项。

51．C    52．D    53．A    54．B    55．A    56．D    57．D    58．A    59．C    60．A    61．C    62．D    63．B    64．A    65．B

【导语】本文是一篇议论文。我们都知道熬夜的坏处，但童年的夜晚总是那么神秘，青少年时的夜晚更加充满魅力，这一切都在吸引着我们熬夜。
51．考查动词词义辨析。句意：到了第二天，我们觉得疲惫，承诺我们自己今晚一定早睡。A. refuse拒绝；B. prepare准备；C. promise许诺，承诺，答应，保证；D. spare省得，免去。根据上文的“it’s late, but instead of going to bed, we stay up.”可知，我们总是熬夜到很晚，第二天很疲惫。因此推断此处表示我们承诺自己要早睡。故选C。
52．考查动词词义辨析。句意：接下来那些又发生了。A. works起作用，奏效；B. helps帮助；C. responds回应；D. happens发生，出现。根据下文提到“Why do we insist on an action that’s 　　3　　 messing up our life?”可知，然后我们又熬夜了，熬夜再次出现。故选D。
53．考查副词词义辨析。句意：为什么我们要坚持一个明显会把我们的生活搞得一团糟的行为? A. clearly明显地，显然地；B. surprisingly令人惊讶地；C. naturally自然地；D. deliberately故意地，蓄意地。根据上下文可知，an action指上文的stay up，即熬夜行为。因此推断此处表示我们为什么要坚持这样一种明显扰乱了我们的生活的行为呢。故选A。
54．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：整个童年，夜晚似乎是神秘的。A. dangerous危险的；B. secret神秘的，秘密的；C. free自由的；D. harmonious和谐的。根据下文提到的“From our dark room, we saw grown-ups chatting around the table and 　　5　　 some things we weren’t supposed to know.”可知，此处表示童年时的夜晚是神秘的。故选B。
55．考查动词词义辨析。句意：从我们黑暗的房间里，我们看到大人们围着桌子聊天，还听到了一些我们不应该知道的事情。A. caught看见，听到；B. discussed讨论；C. believed相信；D. recorded记录。根据上文“we saw grown-ups chatting around the table”可知，我们会听到一些不应该知道的事。故选A。
56．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在青春期时，夜晚充满了兴奋。A. uncertainties令人无把握的局面；B. impossibilities不可能的事，办不到的事；C. fantasies幻想，想象；D. excitements令人激动 (或兴奋)的事。根据下文提到“It was when poets drew inspiration, parties got wild, and our friends became most 　　7　　, describing their plans to reform the world.”可知，夜晚充满了令人激动的事，诗人的灵感，疯狂的派对。故选D。
57．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在夜晚，诗人会找到灵感，聚会变得疯狂，我们的朋友们变得最健谈，讲述他们改变世界的计划。A. curious求知欲强的，好奇的；B. anxious焦虑的，忧虑的，担心的；C. sensitive体恤的，善解人意的，敏感的；D. talkative爱说话的，健谈的。根据下文提到“describing their plans to reform the world”可推断，在夜晚，我们的朋友变得非常健谈，描述自己改变世界的计划。故选D。
58．考查动词短语辨析。句意：因而，我们有一种感觉：早睡会错过乐趣。A. miss out on错失获利(或取乐等)的机会；B. come up with找到(答案)，拿出(一笔钱等)；C. go in for对……有兴趣，爱好……；D. break away from突然挣脱，逃脱。根据上文“It was when poets drew inspiration, parties got wild, and our friends became most 　　7　　, describing their plans to reform the world.”可知，上文描述了夜晚带给我们的感受，因此推断此处表示我们感觉早睡会错过乐趣。故选A。
59．考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，这种在我们记忆中的联系只是一个意外。A. limitations局限，限度；B. devotions奉献，忠诚，热爱；C. associations联想，联系；D. decisions决定。根据上一段提到的夜间活动带给我们乐趣可知，这些在我们的记忆中的夜间活动和快乐之间的联系纯属偶然。故选C。
60．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些很棒的事情不仅限于黑暗的时候。A. darkness黑暗，阴暗，漆黑；B. memory记忆；C. youth青少年时期；D. reality现实。根据上文提到夜晚的神秘和快乐以及下文提到“tasks of our daytime selves”和“in the bright and energetic hours of the new day”可推断，此处表示这些很棒的事情不仅限于黑暗的时候，即夜晚。故选A。
61．考查动词词义辨析。句意：更深层次地接触朋友，放弃让你疲惫不堪的工作的决心：这些不是存在于深夜的奖励，而是我们白天自己的任务——需要充分休息的大脑。A. undertake承担，从事；B. land成功得到，着陆；C. quit离开(工作职位、学校等)，离任，离校；D. continue继续。根据上文的“the determination”和下文的“the work that wore you out”可知，此处表示辞掉使你筋疲力尽的工作。故选C。
62．考查名词词义辨析。句意：更深层次地接触朋友，放弃让你疲惫不堪的工作的决心：这些不是存在于深夜的奖励，而是我们白天自己的任务——需要充分休息的大脑。A. features特点，特色；B. demands要求；C. challenges挑战；D. bonuses额外的好处，意外收获。根据下文“but tasks of our daytime selves”可知，“更深层次地接触朋友，放弃让你疲惫不堪的工作的决心”不是深夜的额外好处而是白天的任务。故选D。
63．考查动词词义辨析。句意：更深层次地接触朋友，放弃让你疲惫不堪的工作的决心：这些不是存在于深夜的奖励，而是我们白天自己的任务——需要充分休息的大脑。A. training训练，培训；B. requiring需要，依靠，依赖；C. affecting影响；D. disturbing打扰，干扰，妨碍。根据上文提到的“The deep communication with friends, the determination to 　　11　　 the work that wore you out: these aren’t 　　12　　of late night, but tasks of our daytime selves”可知，此处表示这些事应该在白天做，需要好好休息过的大脑来处理。故选B。
64．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们应该能够让自己早睡，不是在我们认为对幸福的追求无望的时候，而是在我们把渴望转移去寻找快乐的时候，在更现实的地方——新的一天里明亮而充满活力的时刻——找到人生乐趣。A. hopeless无望的；B. primary主要的，最重要的，基本的；C. complex复杂的，难懂的，费解的；D. urgent紧急的，紧迫的，迫切的。根据上文内容“Thus, we have a sense that to go to bed early is to 　　8　　 joys”可知，我们认为睡觉会错过快乐，因此推断此处表示我们应该让自己早睡，而非直到认为寻找快乐无望时才睡觉。故选A。
65．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们应该能够让自己早睡，不是在我们认为对幸福的追求无望的时候，而是在我们把渴望转移去寻找快乐的时候，在更现实的地方——新的一天里明亮而充满活力的时刻——找到人生乐趣。A. fortune财富，好运；B. pleasure高兴，快乐；C. company陪伴；D. support支持。根据下文“where it can more realistically be found: in the bright and energetic hours of the new day.”可推测，我们应更现实地寻找快乐——在明亮且精力充沛的崭新的一天。故选B。

66．A    67．C    68．A    69．D    70．B    71．B    72．C    73．A    74．B    75．A    76．D    77．B    78．C    79．A    80．D

【导语】本文是篇议论文。研究表明很多人看短视频上瘾，干扰了人们的正常生活，有一定的危害性。文章描述了短视频产生的危害和我们应该采取的措施。
66．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：问卷网为《中国青年报》开展的一项调查显示，在1538名受访者中，71.0%的人表示自己经常看短视频。A. regular规律的、定期的；B. personal个人的；C. social社会的、社交的；D. satisfied满意的。根据句意，71%的人经常看短视频符合语境，on a regular basis定期地、经常地。故选A。
67．考查名词词义辨析。句意：65.2%的人建议视频平台加强定期发布警示信号，让用户可以休息一下。A. signals信号；B. innovation创新；C. alerts警报、警示；D. clues线索。由“so that users could take a break.”可知，65.2%的人希望平台能定时提醒观看短视频的人休息，alerts符合语境。故选C。
68．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种求助于外部辅助手段来帮助人们戒掉网瘾的呼吁暗示了短视频对懒惰的大多数人的毁灭性的掌控。A. kick戒除（恶习）、踢；B. develop发展；C. forster培养、促进；D. deprive剥夺、使丧失。根据“the addictive habit”（成瘾的习惯）及第一段“61.8 percent believed that long-term viewing of short videos could interfere with their normal social interactions”（61.8%的人认为长时间观看短视频会干扰他们正常的社交活动）可知，很多人看短视频成瘾，已经影响了人们的生活，所以需要帮助人们戒掉网瘾。故选A。
69．考查介词词义辨析。句意：他们中的许多人在其他情况下并非完全没有自制力。A. with和……一起；具有；B. under在……下面；C. through通过；D. without没有。根据前文可知，很多人看短视频上瘾，但是结合常识可知，这些人在其他时候并非完全没有自控力，所以希望可以借助外力帮他们戒掉这种习惯。故选D。
70．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因为当你点击那些看似无害的视频时，你的生活就会陷入一个无意识的漩涡。A. attractive有吸引力的；B. unharmful无害的；C.meaningful有意义的；D. popular流行的、受欢迎的。句中“seemingly”指的是看上去好像；同时结合“your life will be thrown into a mindless spiral(螺旋)”可知，人们的生活实际上受到了危害，所以“看似无害”符合语境。故选B。
71．考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为我们急切地从一个作品转到下一个，每个作品持续20到30秒，并在快速的连续中感到震惊、有趣和愤怒。A. speed速度；B. succession连续不断的人、物；C. transition过渡、转变；D. movement运动、移动。根据句意，人们喜欢一个接一个地看短视频，快速地并且连续性地观看，所以succession符合语意。故选B。
72．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你从来没有机会感到无聊，因为你总是好奇下一个作品会是什么样子，期待更多。A. thrilled非常兴奋的、非常激动的；B. horrified恐怖的；C.bored无聊的；D. delighted高兴的。根据句意及“curious”可知，看短视频会有好奇感，因此没有机会无聊。故选C。
73．考查动词词义辨析。句意：你从来没有机会感到无聊，因为你总是好奇下一个作品会是什么样子，期待更多。A. expecting期待；B. growing成长；C. addicting使上瘾；D. foreseeing预测。根据句意，短视频上瘾的人会对下个作品有好奇心，也会有更多期待。故选A。
74．考查名词词义辨析。句意：据他说，甚至有一个声称但未经证实的的电信诈骗犯公开了他的身份，并挑战警方在迪拜逮捕他。A. competence能力、胜任；B. identification身份证明、辨认；C. enthusiasm热情；D. willingness乐意。根据句意，电信诈骗犯需要公开自己的身份证明，警察才有可能逮捕他。故选B。
75．考查副词词义辨析。句意：令人震惊的是，一个发布的视频本身会自动获得一定程度的真实性，足以阻止所有的目的和检查的需要，甚至包括作者身份这样的基本事实。A. automatically自动地；B. consciously有意识地；C. insanely疯狂地；D. likely可能，大概。分析句子可知，这里应用副词，修饰动词“acquired”；根据句意及常识，视频本身应该是一发布就自动获得真实度。故选A。
76．考查动词词义辨析。句意：考查副词词义辨析。句意：令人震惊的是，一个发布的视频本身会自动获得一定程度的真实性，足以阻止所有的目的和检查的需要，甚至包括作者身份这样的基本事实。A. ignoring忽视、忽略；B. predicting预测；C. meditating冥想；D. regarding认为，把……看作。根据句意，短视频已经发布，就会自动识别一定的真实性，包括把作者身份视为基本事实。故选D。
77．考查动词词义辨析。句意：有关部门早就应该介入解决这个问题。A. represent代表；B. address解决；C. interfere干涉；D. stress强调。根据前文提到的“the issue of false and misleading content in short videos ”（短视频中的虚假和误导性内容）可知，相关部门应该介入解决这种虚假和误导的问题。故选B。
78．考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：青少年专属模式已经存在一段时间了，但是孩子们很容易就能避开它。A. on schedule按时；B. out of order次序颠倒；C. in place在合适的位置；D. in need有需要的。根据句中“but it is so easy for children to avoid this.”可知，这一模式已经存在一段时间了，in place 符合语境。故选C。
79．考查副词和介词短语词义辨析。句意：事实上，我们同样需要一种机制来防止成年人上瘾。A. In fact事实上；B. For example例如；C. Therefore所以；D. Instead反之。根据“but it is so easy for children to avoid this.”及本句句意可知，成年人和孩子们一样需要有机制防止看短视频上瘾，这是事实。故选A。
80．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：也许所有的父母都应该把手机放在一边，好好反省一下。A. focus on关注、集中；B. live without在没有……的情况下生活；C. give way to给……让路；D. put aside把……放在一边。根据上一句“parents should be a role model to prevent the imitation of juveniles.”（父母应该成为防止青少年模仿的榜样）可知，父母应该先把手机放一边，戒掉短视频。故选D。

81．A    82．D    83．D    84．B    85．C    86．C    87．D    88．A    89．C    90．D    91．B    92．A    93．C    94．B    95．A

【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要讲述了要实现目标，一定要坚持并且努力奋斗。
81．考查动词词义辨析。句意：通常，没有表现出毅力的人被称为懒惰。A. demonstrate证明，表现出；B. enjoy喜欢；C. control控制；D. admit承认。根据上文“We are often told that we should not give up, and that all the most successful people have persistence (我们经常被告知我们不应该放弃，所有最成功的人都有毅力)”可知，没有表现出毅力的人被称为懒惰。故选A。
82．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但懒惰并不是唯一的问题。A. special特别的；B. usual通常的；C. difficult困难的；D. only唯一的。根据后文“More often, it is doubt and fear that make you 　　3　　 and keep you from trying (更多的时候，是怀疑和恐惧让你犹豫，让你放弃尝试)”可知，更多的时候是怀疑和恐惧让你犹豫并放弃尝试，可知，懒惰并不是唯一的问题，故选D。
83．考查动词词义辨析。句意：更多的时候，是怀疑和恐惧让你犹豫，让你放弃尝试。A. regret后悔；B. grow成长；C. delete删除；D. hesitate犹豫。根据本句“doubt and fear (怀疑和恐惧)”可知，怀疑和恐惧让人犹豫。故选D。
84．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些会逐渐降低你的自我价值感，从而导致抑郁。A. shape塑造；B. reduce减少，降低；C. raise提升；D. construct建造。根据上句 “More often, it is doubt and fear that make you 　　3　　 and keep you from trying (更多的时候，是怀疑和恐惧让你犹豫，让你放弃尝试)”可知，怀疑和恐惧会逐渐降低你的自我价值感，从而导致抑郁。故选B。
85．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这就是为什么勇往直前是如此必要的原因。A. rough困难的；B. thrilling令人激动的；C. essential基本的；重要的；D. scary害怕的。根据上文“These gradually 　　4　　 your sense of self-worth, which can lead to depression. (这些会逐渐降低你的自我价值感，从而导致抑郁)”可知，怀疑和恐惧会逐渐降低你的自我价值感，从而导致抑郁，所以勇往直前是很重要的。故选C。
86．考查名词词义辨析。句意：失败是我们发现问题所在的机会。A. excuse借口；B. strategy策略；C. opportunity机会；D. measure措施。根据本句“to discover what goes wrong. (去发现哪里出了问题)”可知，失败是我们发现问题所在的机会。故选C。
87．考查动词词义辨析。句意：毕竟，没有人能轻易实现自己的目标。A. sets设定；B. abandons放弃；C. adjusts调整；D. achieves达到、实现。根据后句“ For example, it’s constant 　　8　　 that makes Stephen Curry one of the greatest basketball players. (例如，正是不断的练习使斯蒂芬·库里成为最伟大的篮球运动员之一)”可知，没有人能轻易实现自己的目标。故选D。
88．考查名词词义辨析。句意：例如，正是不断的练习使斯蒂芬·库里成为最伟大的篮球运动员之一。 A. practice练习；B. test测试；C. pressure压力；D. passion激情。根据上句“After all, no one 　　7　　 their goal easily. (毕竟，没有人能轻易实现自己的目标)”可知，不断的练习使斯蒂芬·库里实现自己的目标。故选A。
89．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是灵活性的问题。A. devotion忠诚、奉献；B. reflection反射；C. flexibility灵活性；D. attention注意力。根据后句“You just need to 　　10　　 how you reach it. (你只需要改变你实现它的方式)”可知，改变你实现它的方式，是做出了灵活性的调整。故选C。
90．考查动词词义辨析。句意：你只需要改变你实现它的方式。A. accept接受；B. insist坚持；C. plan计划；D. change改变。根据后句“Alter your plans, choose another method, or find a different 　　11　　.(改变你的计划，选择另一种方法，或者找到一条不同的道路)”可知，改变你的计划，选择另一种方法，或者找到一条不同的道路，是改变你实现它的方式。故选D。
91．考查名词词义辨析。句意：改变你的计划，选择另一种方法，或者找到一条不同的道路。A. goal目标；B. path道路；C. hobby爱好；D. reason理由。根据上文“You just need to 　　10　　 how you reach it. (你只需要改变你实现它的方式)”以及本句“Alter your plans, choose another method (改变你的计划，选择另一种方法)”可知，找到一条不同的道路来实现它。故选B。
92．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果你充满激情，坚持是自然而然的事。A. passionate狂热的；B. curious好奇的；C. responsible有责任的。D. smart聪明的。根据本句“persistence comes naturally (坚持是自然而然的事)”可知，坚持是自然而然的事是因为你充满激情。故选A。
93．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我刚开始写作时，我经历了大量的困难。A. expectation期待，预期；B. criticism批评；C. hardship困难；D. imagination想象力。根据后句“My father opposed it. I received hundreds of rejection letters from publishers (我父亲反对。我收到了数百封出版商的拒绝信)”可知，这是作者遇到的困难。故选C。
94．考查副词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，我还是坚持了下来。A. Otherwise否则，不然；B. Nevertheless然而，不过；C. Therefore因此；D. Moreover而且。根据后句“My father opposed it. I received hundreds of rejection letters from publishers (我父亲反对。我收到了数百封出版商的拒绝信)”以及后句“I stuck to it(我坚持了下来)”可知，我刚开始写作时经历了大量的困难，然而，我还是坚持了下来。故选B。
95．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的文章得到了一位编辑的赏识，他雇我写文章。A. appreciated感激、赏识；B. rejected拒绝；C. considered考虑；D. published惩罚。根据本句“who hired me to write articles (他雇我写文章)”可知，我的文章得到了一位编辑的赏识。故选A。