【高考二轮题型复习】2023年高考英语题型精讲精练学案（新高考）——专题04 高频语法之非谓语动词与语法填空（原卷版+解析版）

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专题04 高频语法之非谓语动词与语法填空（解析版）

一、非谓语动词
1. 思维导图






2. 高考真题再现
一、2022年高考真题
1.（2022新高考I卷）__________ (cover)an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.
答案：Covering
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，将成为中国首批国家公园之一。设空处在句中作非谓语，cover和句子的逻辑主语the GPNP为逻辑的主动关系，应用现在分词的形式作状语，首字母大写。故填Covering。

2.（2022新高考I卷）The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority ___________ (increase)effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
答案：to increase
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在句中作非谓语，做目的状语，应用动词的不定式的形式。故填to increase。

3.（2022全国甲卷）A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step ___________ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
答案：to journey
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：近日，一名来自北京的盲人徒步40天来到西安，作为“一带一路”徒步旅行的第一步。分析句子结合句意可知，journey为动词，表示“旅行”，step前面有序数词，应用不定式，作后置定语。故填to journey。

4（2022全国甲卷）Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation ___________ (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road.
答案：held
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：受到在北京举行的“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛的启发，曹决定徒步穿越这条路线，以向古代丝绸之路致敬。分析句子可知，本句已有谓语动词decided，所以hold应用非谓语动词形式，hold与cooperation之间为逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语，表被动。故填held。

5（2022全国甲卷）He flew 4, 700 kilometers from Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, __________ (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months.
答案：planning
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：9月20日，他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什，计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。分析句子可知，已有谓语动词flew，所以动词plan(计划)应用非谓语动词形式，plan与主语He之间为逻辑主谓关系，应用现在分词，表主动。故填planning。

6（2022全国乙卷）__________ (strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, __________ (invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
答案：to strengthen; inviting
解析：考查非谓语动词。第一空：句意：为了加强与年轻人的联系，活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活动，邀请了来自世界各地的29名茶叶专业人士进行36小时不间断的直播。根据句意可知，此处表达“为了加强与年轻人的联系”，需要用不定式作目的状语。故填To strengthen。第二空：句意：为了加强与年轻人的联系，活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活动，邀请了来自世界各地的29名茶叶专业人士进行36小时不间断的直播。此处为非谓语动词，逻辑主语the event与invite之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填inviting。

7.（2022年新高考2卷）
Henry Tyler made the catch of the year on the weekend. When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony (阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1. 2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the ___36___ (fall) child.
答案：falling
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：当亨利看到一个小男孩挂在六楼公寓的阳台上时，他跑了100米，跳过了1. 2米高的栅栏，伸出双臂去接要掉下来的孩子。句中的hold out为谓语动词，设空处应该使用非谓语动词。根据句意，fall为动词，意为“掉落”， child和fall之间是主动关系，同时表示正在进行的含义。故应该使用现在分词作定语。故填falling。

8.（2022年新高考2卷）
Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside. He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up ___39___ (see) them.
答案：to see
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：过了一会儿，艾瑞克听到孩子们在外面玩耍的声音，醒了过来。他把一把椅子推到阳台上，爬上去看他们。句中的climb up为谓语动词，设空处应该使用谓语动词。根据句意，他要爬到阳台去看他们（外面玩闹的孩子们。），故应该使用to do不定式作目的状语。故填to see。

二、2021年高考真题
1.（2021.6新高考1卷 语法填空）
Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your      8      (ache) legs.
【答案】aching
【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，因为名词legs与动词ache为主动关系，所以此处应该填现在分词作定语修饰 legs。故填aching。

2.（2021.6全国甲卷 语法填空）
It is possible      3      (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
【答案】 to walk
【解析】考查非谓语动词。本句是典型的It is adj. + to do的形式，故填 to walk 。

3.（2021.6全国甲卷 语法填空）
After      4      (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history!
【答案】spending
【解析】考查非谓语动词。After 介词后加doing形式，故填spending。

4.（2021.6全国乙卷 语法填空）
Minimize the impact of      7      (visit) the place.
【答案】visiting
【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析题目，句子中已经有一个谓语动词，判断空格处填非谓语动词。空处作介词of的宾语，所以应使用动名词作介词宾语。句意：最小化参观一个地方的影响。故填visiting。

5.（2021.6全国乙卷 语法填空）
Activitithere range from whale watching to hiking （远足） and accommodations aim      10      (have) a low impact on the natural environment.
【答案】to have
【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析题目，句子中已经有一个谓语动词，判断此处填非谓语动词。aim to do sth，意为 "目的在于做某事" ，因此应填不定式形式。句意：……并且食宿是为了对自然环境有小的影响。故填to have。

6.（2021.6 浙江卷 语法填空）
Mary's sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over      8      (plant) flowers in the front yard.
【答案】 to plant
【解析】考查动词不定式作目的状语。句意：玛丽的妹妹经常来拜访，在前院里种些花。

7.（2021.1 浙江卷 语法填空）
In 1985, urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries      7      (study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas.
【答案】studied
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：1985年，这个国家3/4的城市里的被调查男女的BMI值比偏远山区的男女数值高。分析句子结构可知study做urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries的定语，动词分词做定语与逻辑主语是被动关系，故答案为 studied。

8.（2021.1 浙江卷 语法填空）
This may be due to some disadvantages for people   9   (live) in the countryside, including lower levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.
【答案】 living
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这可能是因为住在乡村的人们的条件不好。分析句子结构可知 live in the countryside是people的后置定语，动词分词作定语且live与逻辑主语people是主动关系, 故答案为living。

三、2020年高考真题
1.（2020·新课标I卷语法填空）Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 66． (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.
【答案】to find
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。此处表示目的，应使用不定式作目的状语。故填to find。

2. （2020·新课标II卷语法填空）They represent the earth 63． (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.
【答案】coming
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：它们代表着大地的复苏和对新开端的美好祝愿。句中谓语动词为represent，所以这里为非谓语动词。名词earth与come back to之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填coming。

3. （2020·新课标II卷语法填空）They make great gifs and you see them many times 65． (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
【答案】 decorated
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：它们是很好的礼物，你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好运的信息。句中them指代前句中的orange trees，与decorate之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填decorated。

4. （2020·新课标II卷语法填空）They are easy 68． (care) for and make great presents.
【答案】 to care。
【解析】
考查非谓语动词。句意：它们很容易照顾，也很适合作为礼物。这里考查“be +形容词 + to do”结构。故填to care。

5. （2020·新课标III卷语法填空）The next morning he hired a boat and set out 67． (find) the well-known painter.
【答案】 to find
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：第二天早上，他租了一条船，出发去找这位著名的画家。结合句意表示“出发去做某事”短语为set out to do sth.，后跟不定式做目的状语。故填to find。

6. （2020·新课标III卷语法填空）And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds69． (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.
【答案】 surrounding
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当他看到雾气从河上升起，山顶上乌云环绕，他不禁流下了眼泪。分析句子结构可知，the soft clouds 69 (surround) the mountain tops是独立主格结构做状语，surround在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语clouds构成主动关系，故应用现在分词。故填surrounding。

7.(2020·山东新高考语法填空) As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine themselves (they) living at a different time in history or 43．(walk)through a rainforest.
【答案】 walking
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:除了观赏展品，游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏，想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期，或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处与living是并列成分，共同做imagine的宾补，imagine sb doing sth. “想象某人做某事”。故填walking。

8. (2020·浙江卷语法填空) Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology 60．(change)lives.
【答案】 to change
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：农业让人们第一次体验到技术改变生活的力量。分析句子，简单句中已有动词gave故提示词部分需用非谓语动词。分析句意，此处需用不定式表示目的。故填to change。

9. (2020·浙江卷语法填空)Later，they learned to work with the seasons (season)，planting at the right time and，in dry areas， 63． (make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields.
【答案】 making
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：后来，他们学会了因地制宜，在适当的时间播种，在干旱地区，利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子，make所处的分句中无主语，故此处需用非谓语动词。make use of和逻辑主语they之间表示“主动”关系。所以此处用现在分词形式（doing）形式做状语。故填making。

四、2019年高考真题
1.【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】Modem methods ___of__ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive ___64___ (perform) consistently over a large area.
【答案】to perform
【解析】考查非谓语动词。主系表结构之后，常用不定式作原因或目的状语，句意：跟踪北极熊的现代方法只是在二十世纪八十年代以来开始采用，并且在如此大区域内持续采用是昂贵的，故此处用to perform。

2.【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】Scientists have responded by ___67___ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements,…
【答案】noting
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词by可知，此处用动名词主动形式，故填noting。

3.【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】A 90-year-old has been awarded“Woman Of The Year”for ___61___ (be)Britain's oldest full-time employee-still working 40 hours a week.
【答案】 being
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词for可知，此处用动名词形式作宾语，故填being。

4.【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award，proud Irene ___declared__(declare) she had no plans ___65___ (retire) from her 36-year-old business.
【答案】to retire
【解析】考查不定式作定语。此处用to do sth做后置定语，用来修饰前面的名词plan，表示“……的计划”，故填to retire。

5.【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】When we got a call ___68___ (say)she was short-listed，we thought it was ___a__ joke.
【答案】saying
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其后所接的宾语从句可知，此处用现在分词形式saying作后置定语，解释名词call的内容，call与say是主动关系，故填saying。

6.【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】On our way to the house，it was raining ___so__ hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take ___62___ (get)there.
【答案】to get
【解析】考查非谓语。 句意：我们忍不住想知道还要多久才能到那里。该句中考查了固定用法：It takes time to do sth.：花时间做某事，该句式中it作形式主语，time做宾语，使用不定式作真正的主语。而句中只是在对宾语时间，用how long 对其进行提问，不影响不定式的使用，故答案为to get。

7.【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】On the last day of our week-long stay，we _were invited__(invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars，___70___ (listen)to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
【答案】listening
【解析】考查现在分词。本句谓语动词为“were invited”，所以70题空格处动词listen应用非谓语动词形式。听音乐这个动作是由we发出的，所以选用现在分词形式。也可由and前后连接两个并列的结构这一规律解题，and后meeting interesting locals为分词形式，故空格处填listening。

8.【2019·浙江卷·语法填空】When the children are walking or ___59___ (cycle) to school on dark mornings,…
【答案】cycling
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当孩子们在黑暗的早晨步行或骑车上学时，汽车司机很容易看到它们。or连接两个并列成分，根据or前的walking可知，此处要用cycling。故填cycling。

9.【2019·浙江卷·语法填空】But some students didn't want ___63___ (wear) the uniform.
【答案】to wear
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：但是，有一些学生不想穿学生服。want to do sth想要做某事，这里是动词不定式作to的宾语。故填to wear。

10.【2019·北京卷·语法填空】Nervously ___2___ (face) challenges, I know I will whisper to _myself_(I) the two simple words “Be yourself”.
【答案】facing
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：紧张地面对挑战，我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“做你自己”。分析句式可知，此处是做句子的状语，要用非谓语动词，其逻辑主语是I，与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填facing。

11.【2019·北京卷·语法填空】Earth Day，___4___(mark)on 22 April，is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection.
【答案】marked
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：地球日于4月22日举行，是一项旨在提高公众环保意识的年度活动。分析句式可知，设空处是要做名词Earth Day的后置定语，且与其之间是被动关系，要用过去分词。故填marked。

五、2018年高考真题
1.【2018·新课标I卷·语法填空】You don’t have to run fast or for long 62 (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63 (die) early by running.
【答案】62. to see ； 63.dying
【解析】62.考查不定式作目的状语。你不必跑地太快或时间太长就能看到它的好处。此处不定式作目的状语，故填to see。63.考查动名词。你也许喝酒、吸烟或超重，但仍然通过跑步会减少早亡的风险。此处of是介词，其后用动名词。故填dying。

2.【2018·新课标II卷·语法填空】Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice ___64___ (improve) water quality.
【答案】to improve
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了改善水质政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不是大米。没有连词可以且谓语动词是encourages，故improve应该用非谓语动词。此处表示目的，故用不定式。故填to improve。

3.【2018·新课标III卷·语法填空】I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid ____64____(look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel____65____(challenge).
【答案】64.looking；65.challened
【解析】64.考查动词。动词avoid后要加doing。此处表示避免直接看他的眼睛。用looking。
65.考查非谓语。根据语境可知，此处表示不直视他的眼睛，他就不会感到被挑战性。feel为系动词，表示“被挑战”，用过去分词challenged。

4.【2018·浙江卷·语法填空】I still remember 59 (visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I was shocked (shock) when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.
【答案】visiting
【解析】此处指我记得去拜访一个在这里住了五年的朋友，表示记得做过某事用remember doing sth.， 故填visiting。


3. 考试技巧
语法填空解题策略
1. 巧记三种非谓语动词作状语的基本区别
(1)若非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是主动关系, 且正在进行, 要想到用现在分词形式(doing);
(2)若非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是被动关系, 且表完成, 要想到用过去分词形式(done);
(3)若非谓语动词表将来的动作, 作状语表示目的, 在喜怒哀乐的形容词后作原因或意料之外的结果等, 要想到用不定式形式(to do)。
2. 掌握非谓语动词的句型公式
It’s+形容词+(for/of sb. +)to do sth. ;It’s no good/use/pleasure doing sth. ;find/think/believe/consider+it+ adj. +to do sth. 。
3. 牢记用动名词或不定式作宾语的动词
4. 巧辨谓语动词和非谓语动词
(1)一个句子无论是主句还是从句, 必须要有谓语, 一般空格所在的句子中无其他动词, 则填谓语动词。谓语动词要考虑时态语态主谓一致等;
(2)若句中找到了谓语动词, 而又找不到连词(并列连词或从句连词)时, 则所给动词一定用作非谓语动词。非谓语动词需要确定是-ing 形式、过去分词形式还是不定式。

4. 知识点拓展
1：考点梳理
1. 非谓语动词作主语的用法；
2. 非谓语动词作表语的用法；
3. 非谓语动词作定语的用法；
4. 非谓语动词作状语的用法；
5. 非谓语动词作宾语的用法；
6. 非谓语动词作宾语补足语的用法。
考点1　基本用法
种类
形式
意义特征
功能
不定式
to do
主动、将来
作主语、宾语、表语、定语、同位语、状语和补语
to be done
被动、将来
to be doing
主动、进行
to have done
主动、完成
to have been done
被动、完成
过去分词
done
被动、完成
作表语、状语、定语和补语
动词-ing
doing
主动、进行
作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语(不作目的状语)和补语
being done
被动、进行
having done
主动、完成
having been done
被动、完成

考点2 非谓语动词作主语
1. 动词-ing和不定式都可作主语，但动词-ing多表示一般情况，而不定式常指具体情况。
Teaching English is my job.
To write an email to the manager is my work today.
2. 动词-ing和不定式作主语时，句子前后应保持结构的一致性。
Seeing is believing.
To see is to believe.
3. “there be＋no＋主语”这种结构中通常用动词-ing作主语，而不用不定式。这种结构表示“不可能，无法”，相当于“it is impossible to do sth.”。
There is no reasoning with him.
注意：本句型中的no有时可用not any或never any代替。如There is never any telling what will happen in the future.
4. 不定式作主语一般可以用形式主语it代替。
To keep healthy is important.
＝It is important to keep healthy.
注意：It is＋adj.＋for sb. to do sth. 中adj.常为表示不定式行为性质的词(important, impossible, right等)，如：It is impossible for a man to fly by himself. 而It is＋adj.＋of sb. to do sth.中adj.为表示人的品质的词(kind, foolish, clever, wrong, wise, nice等)，如It is kind of you to help me with my English.
5. 动词-ing作主语用形式主语it代替时，常在特定结构It is worthwhile/no good/no use/a waste of...中使用。
It is a waste of time regretting for the past.
6. 单个不定式、动词-ing作主语时谓语动词用单数；并列不定式或动词-ing作主语时若指整体概念，谓语动词仍用单数。
To learn a foreign language well is not easy.
Taking exercise does good to your health.
Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.
7. “疑问词＋to do”结构可以作主语、宾语和表语。
Where to find the lost keys is still a problem.
I was wondering how to get there.
My problem is when to change the plan.

考点3　　非谓语动词作宾语
情况
常用动词
只接不定式作宾语的动词
hope,want,offer,long(渴望),fail,expect,wish,ask,decide,
pretend,manage,agree,afford,determine,promise,happen
只接v.-ing形式作宾语的动词或短语
mind,miss,enjoy,imagine,practise,suggest,finish,escape,excuse,appreciate,admit,keep,avoid,risk,resist,consider,can’t help,feel like,succeed in,be fond of,object to,get down to,be engaged in,insist on,think of,be proud of,take pride in,set about,be afraid of,be tired of,look forward to,devote oneself to,be worth,be busy,pay attention to,stick to
两者都可以
意义相同
begin,start,like,love,hate,prefer,continue(接不定式多指具体的动作,接动词-ing形式多指一般或习惯行为)
need,want,require,deserve (接动词-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义,若接不定式则应用被动形式)
意义不同
stop to do(停下手中正在做的事,去做另一件事)
stop doing(停止正在做的事)
remember/forget/regret to do(指动作尚未发生)
remember/forget/regret doing(指动作已经发生)
go on to do(接着做另外一件事)
go on doing(接着做同一件事)
try to do(设法,努力去做,尽力做)
try doing(试着去做)
mean to do(打算做,企图做)
mean doing(意思是,意味着)

考点4　非谓语动词作表语
1. 不定式、动词-ing和过去分词均可作表语。但不定式表示具体情况，而动词-ing表示通常状况，动词-ing和过去分词均表示主语的状态。
Tony’s plan is to finish his essay by the end of this month.
My favourite sport is playing volleyball.
The news is very exciting.
My jacket is worn out.
2. 过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别：
My money is stolen. (主系表结构，表状态或结果，多为一般时态)
My money was stolen by an unemployed guy. (被动语态表被动的动作)
3. 动词-ing作表语与进行时态的区别：
His favorite sport is playing football. (主系表结构)
His behavior is pleasing. (主系表结构)
He is playing football. (现在进行时)
4. 形容词化的过去分词和动词-ing
很多情感化的过去分词和动词-ing在使用中都已转化成为形容词，用作表语或状语。一般而言，动词-ing表属性，过去分词表心理活动，常见的有：interest, move, touch, worry, inspire, encourage, disappoint, please, satisfy, bore, tire, invite, puzzle, confuse, entertain, relax, amuse, amaze, surprise, astonish, shock, embarrass, terrify, frighten, scare, discourage, annoy, exhaust等。
The pictures on the wall interest me.
The pictures on the wall are interesting.
I am interested in the pictures on the wall.
考点5　非谓语动词作状语
形式
类别
例句
不定式
目的、原因、条件、结果
My parents will be delighted to see you.(条件)
I come here only to say good-bye to you.(目的)
We’re proud to be young people of China.(原因)
动词-ing形式
时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况
Being a teacher,you should help your students in every way.(原因)
He comes home late every evening,making his wife very angry.(结果)
Using your head,you’ll find a good way.(条件)
Working so hard,he failed again.(让步)
They eat using the fingers of their right hands.(方式)
He sat in the armchair,reading a newspaper.(伴随)
过去分词
时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随、结果、让步
Born in a poor family,Nadia had only two years of schooling.(原因)
When asked her future plans,the girl said that she wanted to be a teacher.(时间)
Some medicines,if wrongly taken,can kill a person.(条件)
Encouraged by his parents,he still has no confidence in overcoming the difficulties.(让步)
The patient got off the bed,supported by the nurse.(方式)
The girl met with an accident when crossing the road,wounded in the head.(结果)

考点6　非谓语动词作定语
1. 单个动词-ing和过去分词作定语，应置于被修饰的名词前。
a sleeping boy(动词-ing作定语表示被修饰名词的性质或状态)
fallen leaves(不及物动词的过去分词作定语只表示结果)
the broken glass(及物动词的过去分词作定语既表示被动又表示完成)
2. 动词-ing短语、过去分词短语和不定式作定语，应置于被修饰的名词之后。
The person speaking_now is our manager. (正在讲话)
The person to_speak is our manager. (将要讲话)
The room already_repaired is my office. (已经维修)
The room being_repaired is my office. (正在维修)
The room to_be_repaired is my office. (将要维修)
注意：①修饰序数词或被序数词修饰的词只能用不定式作定语。如：Lucy is always the first to come.
②在句型have/give/find/need/want＋宾语＋to do中，不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。如：I have a lot of work to do today.
③There be句型中的非谓语动词作定语，表意如下：
There is much work to do /to be done. (将要做)
There is a white dog running on the playground. (正在跑)
There were people killed in the accident. (已经丧生)
④有些名词常接不定式作定语，如have the ability/the right/the chance/the courage/no time to do...

考点7　非谓语动词作补足语
形式
常见动词
与宾语的逻辑关系及时间概念
例句

wish,want,ask,require/request,order,warn,allow/permit,forbid,expect,remind,encourage,inspire,call on,depend on(接带to的不定式作宾语补足语)
主谓关系(表主动)。强调动作即将发生或已经完成
We depend on you to help us out of trouble.
I made him do his work.
→He was made to do his work (by me).
They saw the boy fall suddenly off the tree.
→The boy was seen to fall suddenly off the tree.
see,hear,watch,feel,notice,look at等感官动词(词组)和let,make,have等使役动词后面,不定式作宾语补足语时要省略to。这样的动词可归纳为:
五看:watch,see,look at,observe,notice;
三让:let,make,have;
二听:hear,listen to;
一感觉:feel。
注意:当以上动词用于被动语态的句子中时,to要还原
动词
-ing
形式
notice,see,watch,hear,find,keep,have,feel
主谓关系(表主动)。强调动作正在进行,尚未完成
I found her listening to the radio when I passed by.
过去
分词
动宾关系(表被动)。动作已经完成,多强调状态
We found the village greatly changed.


二、模拟演练
1.（2022·重庆南开中学模拟预测）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个恰当的单词或者括号内单词的正确形式。
The 9, 000-plus volunteers at the Beijing 2022 Paralympic Winter Games have played ___51___vital role in ensuring that all aspects of life for the sportsmen, both on and off the field of play, have gone ___52___(smooth).
To meet the diverse needs of the para ___53___(athlete) and all participants, the volunteers ___54___(go) through a strict training program, which included training for basic medical and first-aid, how to use wheelchairs, and the ___55___(guide) on when to provide assistance and ___56___to communicate best.
Liu An’ an is one of the volunteers to have also served at the Beijing 2008 Summer Games. Back then, Liu was a sophomore student at university. Now, 14 years later, she is still at university but this time she acts ___57___a lecturer, leading a team of her own students as volunteers at Beijing 2022.
Liu has spent over 150 days training and ___58___(participate) in these Games. She is ___59___(responsibility) for the traffic permits of all sorts of transportation vehicles, and needs to coordinate with over 100 different departments, including venues media, transportation and security.
“Becoming a volunteer ____60____has served both at the Beijing 2008 Summer Games and the Beijing 2022 Winter Games is a great honor for me, and I feel a strong sense of pride and responsibility,” said Liu.
答案：
51．a
52．smoothly
53．athletes
54．went
55．guidance
56．how
57．as
58．participating
59．responsible
60．who
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了北京2022年残奥会冬奥会的9000多名志愿者发挥了至关重要的作用。
51．考查冠词。句意：北京2022年残奥会冬奥会的9000多名志愿者在确保运动员生活的方方面面，包括赛场内外的顺利进行方面发挥了至关重要的作用。play a vital role in在……扮演一个重要角色，固定搭配，用不定冠词a。故填a。
52．考查副词。句意：北京2022年残奥会冬奥会的9000多名志愿者在确保运动员生活的方方面面，包括赛场内外的顺利进行方面发挥了至关重要的作用。此处修饰前面动词go，用副词形式作状语，smoothly顺利地。故填smoothly。
53．考查名词。句意：为了满足残疾人运动员和所有参与者的不同需求，志愿者们接受了严格的培训计划，其中包括基本医疗和急救培训，如何使用轮椅，以及何时提供帮助和如何进行最佳沟通的指导。根据 and all participants和the diverse needs，可知名词athlete需要用复数形式，athletes运动员，作介词of的宾语。故填athletes。
54．考查动词时态。句意：为了满足残疾人运动员和所有参与者的不同需求，志愿者们接受了严格的培训计划，其中包括基本医疗和急救培训，如何使用轮椅，以及何时提供帮助和如何进行最佳沟通的指导。分析句子结构，此处作谓语动词，结合上下文语境，此处动词go用一般过去时。故填went。
55．考查名词。句意：为了满足残疾人运动员和所有参与者的不同需求，志愿者们接受了严格的培训计划，其中包括基本医疗和急救培训，如何使用轮椅，以及何时提供帮助和如何进行最佳沟通的指导。分析句子结构，此处与training，how to use wheelchairs构成并列关系，用名词形式，guidance指导。故填guidance。
56．考查特殊疑问词。句意：为了满足残疾人运动员和所有参与者的不同需求，志愿者们接受了严格的培训计划，其中包括基本医疗和急救培训，如何使用轮椅，以及何时提供帮助和如何进行最佳沟通的指导。根据前面连词and，结合when to provide assistance 和句意，可知此处表示“如何进行最佳沟通”，用“特殊疑问词加to do”结构，how to communicate best符合题意。故填how。
57．考查固定搭配。句意：14年后的今天，她仍在上大学，但这次她担任讲师，在北京2022年奥运会上作为志愿者领导自己的学生团队。根据句意，可知此处表达“担任”，serve as担任，符合题意。故填as。
58．考查非谓语动词。句意：刘翔花了150多天的时间进行训练，并参加了这些比赛。spend...（in）doing sth.花时间在做某事上，用省in的动名词形式。故填participating。
59．考查形容词。句意：她负责各种交通工具的交通许可，并需要与100多个不同部门协调，包括场馆媒体、交通和安全部门。be responsible for对……负责，固定搭配，形容词作表语。故填responsible。
60．考查定语从句。句意：“成为一名曾在北京2008年夏季奥运会和北京2022年冬季奥运会上服务过的志愿者，对我来说是一种莫大的荣誉，我感到非常自豪和责任感，”刘说。分析句子结构，此句为定语从句。先行词a volunteer在从句作主语，指人用关系代词who引导。故填who。

2.（2022·山东·烟台二中模拟预测）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
An elderly woman who fell into an ____11____(ice) river was rescued thanks to the bravery of a bike ____12____(ride) who spotted her go under the cold water.
Shi Lei was cycling on his way to work ____13____ he spotted the 70-year-old woman from a bridge. Other eyewitnesses ____14____(call) the emergency services, but Mr Shi immediately jumped ____15____ his bike and raced towards the water.
Mobile phone footage shows Mr Shi, 54, trying tirelessly ____16____(drag) the woman to safety. He had to break the ice with his hands and later ____17____(join) by another man who managed to secure ____18____ rope round Mr Shi.
After getting the woman to safety, Mr Shi took the woman back to her home with her relatives in the town of Baoding, in northern China.
He told the South China Morning Post: “It was really ____19____(freeze) in the water, but I didn’t have time to think about it at the time.” He added that after the woman _____20_____(safe) got home, he also went home, took a shower, drank a bowl of ginger water and carried on with his work.
答案：
11．icy
12．rider
13．when
14．were calling
15．off
16．to drag
17．was joined
18．a
19．freezing
20．safely
【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了，54岁的石先生勇救溺水老妇人的暖心故事。
11．考查形容词。句意：一位掉进冰冷河流的老妇人被救出，这要归功于一位自行车骑手的勇敢，自行车骑手发现她掉进了冰冷的水下。形容词icy作定语，修饰名词river。故填icy。
12．考查名词的数。句意：一位掉进冰冷河流的老妇人被救出，这要归功于一位自行车骑手的勇敢，自行车骑手发现她掉进了冰冷的水下。结合上文“a bike”和下文“Shi Lei was cycling on his way to work”可知，此处指“一位自行车骑手”，用单数名词rider。故填rider。
13．考查连词。句意：石磊在骑车上班的路上，从桥上看到了这位70岁的老妇人。固定句型sb. was/were doing…when did (指一般过去时)…(某人正在做……，这时……)，用并列连词when。故填when。
14．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：其他目击者正在拨打紧急服务电话，但石先生立即跳下自行车向水面冲去。此处缺乏谓语，结合上文谓语was cycling时态用过去进行时可知，该空表示过去当时正在进行的动作，call用过去进行时，主语Other eyewitnesses复数，谓语复数形式。故填were calling。
15．考查固定搭配。句意：其他目击者正在拨打紧急服务电话，但石先生立即跳下自行车向水面冲去。固定搭配jump off (跳下)。故填off。
16．考查动词不定式。句意：手机画面显示，54岁的石先生不知疲倦地尽力将这名女子拖到安全的地方。固定搭配try to do sth. (尽力做某事)，drag用动词不定式形式。故填to drag。
17．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：他不得不用手打破冰，后来又有一名男子加入进来，他设法用绳子把石先生绑住。此处缺乏谓语，结合并列谓语had to break时态用一般过去时可知，主语He和谓语动词join是被动关系，join用一般过去时的被动语态，主语He，谓语单数形式。故填was joined。
18．考查冠词。句意：他不得不用手打破冰，后来又有一名男子加入进来，他设法用绳子把石先生绑住。此处泛指“一根绳子”，rope以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。故填a。
19．考查形容词。句意：他告诉《南华早报》：“水里真的很冷，但当时我没有时间去想。”此处用形容词作表语，形容词freezing (极冷的)符合句意，形容词frozen (冷冻的)不合句意。故填freezing。
20．考查副词。句意：他补充说，在这位女士安全到家后，他也回家了，洗了个澡，喝了一碗姜汁水，继续工作。副词safely作状语，修饰动词短语got home。故填safely。

3.（2022·湖北·恩施土家族苗族高中二模）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Jiang Huan didn’t understand his father’s decision to donate his organs until ____21____ organ donation coordinator (协调员) told him that the transplant surgery was successful and had helped save a life.
Families of organ donors, alongside the receivers and coordinators, gather at the Chongqing Organ Donation Memorial Park every Tomb Sweeping Day in memory of the dead for their ____22____ (generous). “It’s not how much time you have ____23____ how you use it that matters,” says a card from a donor’s family presented at the memorial park.
In 2010, China ____24____ (official) launched a national pilot program for human organ donation, which gave rise ____25____ a lot of donation coordinators ike Zhou Lijuan. “Often, we are misunderstood, rejected, and even abused by the family members. But the scenes of patients waiting for organ transplant opportunities always come to my mind first,” says Zhou. She adds that the eagerness in the eyes of those patients ____26____ (motivate) her over the years to stand up for her duty.
A decade ago, Wan Ying, a patient ____27____ vision was damaged due to a kind of eye illness, received a corneal (角膜) transplant thanks to a dead donor. “I was in ____28____ (urge) need of a suitable cornea, and my family was almost desperate at that time,” Wan says. “I was lucky ____29____(give) the priority in receiving the transplant as one of my family members was a ____30____ (register) donor who donated a cornea in 2005.”
答案：
21．an
22．generosity
23．but
24．officially
25．to
26．has motivated
27．whose
28．urgent
29．to be given
30．registered
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。通过阐述的当前器官捐献者、接受器官捐赠者和相关工作人员的生活经历，揭示当前器官捐赠的发展状况。
21．考查冠词。句意：蒋欢不理解父亲捐赠器官的决定，直到一名器官捐赠协调员告诉他移植手术成功并且挽救了一条生命。organ donation coordinator 是一个名词，空处要填写冠词,此处表示泛指，同时organ首字母为元音音素，故填an.
22．考查名词。句意：每个清明节，器官捐赠者的家人与接受者和协调员一起聚集在重庆器官捐赠纪念公园，纪念死者的慷慨。their是形容词性物主代词，后面要接名词作宾语。故填generosity。
23．考查连词。句意：重要的不是你有多少时间，而是你如何利用它。“not…but…”“不是…而是…”为固定短语。故填but。
24．考查副词。句意：2010年，中国正式地启动了人体器官捐赠国家试点项目，这就产生了很多器官捐赠协调员，比如周丽娟。空处修饰动词短语launch，要用副词。故填officially。
25．考查固定搭配。句意：2010年，中国正式地启动了人体器官捐赠国家试点项目，这就产生了很多器官捐赠协调员，比如周丽娟。give rise to为固定短语，意为“引起，导致”。故填to。
26．考查谓语动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：她补充道，这些患者眼中的渴望多年来一直激励着她坚持自己的职责。主语为前文的the eagerness，为单数，同时下文中over the years为现在完成时的标志。故填has motivated。
27．考查定语从句。句意：十年前，万英，一位因某种眼科疾病视力受损的患者，多亏了一名死去的捐赠者，才得以收到角膜移植手术。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为a patient，在定语从句中作定语，关系代词为whose。故填whose。
28．考查形容词。句意：我迫切的需要合适的眼角膜，并且我的家人在那个时候几乎已经绝望了。need为名词，空处应用形容词形式作定语修饰。故填urgent。
29．考查非谓语动词。句意：我很幸运地能被给予优先权去接受移植手术，因为我的一位家庭成员是2005年捐献角膜的注册捐赠者。be lucky to do sth，同时I 和give之间是动宾关系，需要用到to be done，故填to be given。
30．考查非谓语动词。句意：我很幸运能优先接受移植手术，因为我的一位家庭成员是2005年捐献角膜的注册捐赠者。空处要填非谓语动词作定语，donor和register之间为动宾关系，需填过去分词形式作定语。故填registered。

4.（2022·山东临沂·二模）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Ghaliya works for a national newspaper in Indonesia. Shortly after the pandemic hit Jakarta, her newspaper started hearing from parents ____31____ wanted their children to study online but lacked a way to use the internet. When the journalists announced their campaign to help these children through social media, the ____32____（react）was overwhelming. Many people donated second-hand phones, ____33____ others gave cash donations.
In April, the journalists ____34____（collect）more than 200 mobile phones and donations of more than $35,000. They used the money to buy more phones. They also paid for internet use for those needing it. ____35____（current）, nearly 300 phone have been given to students in and around Jakarta.
____36____（help）students take part in online schooling brings happiness to Ghaliya and her friends. “We really hope the mobile phones can ____37____（use）as much as they can during the pandemic,” she said.
Qayran Ruby Al Maghribi had been using his father’s mobile phone to attend 5 video ____38____（call）a week. But the 11-year-old boy couldn’t attend classed and felt greatly pressured when his father went to work. A big smile appeared on his face when he received the donated mobile phone. “Now I see him ____39____（comfortable）than before, and he can directly reach out ____40____ his friends and teacher,” Sayuti said.
答案：
31．who##that
32．reaction
33．while##and
34．collected
35．Currently
36．Helping##To help
37．be used
38．calls
39．more comfortable
40．to
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了印度尼西亚新闻记者Ghaliya为需要手机上网课的学生募捐旧手机的故事。
31．考查定语从句。句意：疫情袭击雅加达后不久，她的报纸开始收到家长的来信，他们希望自己的孩子在网上学习，但缺乏使用互联网的方式。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词parents，先行词指人，在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词who或that。故填who/that。
32．考查名词。句意：当记者们宣布他们通过社交媒体帮助这些孩子的活动时，反应是压倒性的。根据空前的the可知，空处需要名词，react为动词“反应”，其名词形式为reaction作主语。故填reaction。
33．考查连词。句意：许多人捐赠二手手机，而其他人则捐赠现金。while作为连词时意为“(对比两件事物)…而”，根据语境可知，许多人捐赠二手手机，而其他人则捐赠现金，是前后两种情况的对比。也可以表示并列关系表示许多人捐赠二手手机，其他人则捐赠现金。故填while/and。
34．考查时态。句意：今年4月，记者们收集了200多部手机和3.5万美元的捐款。分析句子结构可知，空处为句子的谓语动词，根据时间状语In April可知，句子时态用一般过去时。故填collected。
35．考查副词。句意：目前，雅加达及其周边地区的学生已收到近300部手机。空处修饰后面的句子，所以需要副词作状语。故填Currently。
36．考查非谓语动词。句意：帮助学生参与在线教育给Ghaliya和她的朋友们带来了快乐。分析句子结构可知，“　　　　　students take part in online schooling”为句子的主语部分，所以需要动名词作主语或者动词不定式。故填Helping/To help。
37．考查语态。句意：她说：“我们真的希望手机能在大流行期间尽可能多地使用。”分析句子结构可知，空处为句子的谓语动词部分，句子的主语和谓语动词之间为被动关系，空前有情态动词can，所以其被动结构为can be done。故填be used。
38．考查可数名词单复数。句意：Qayran Ruby Al-Maghribi每周用父亲的手机参加5次视频通话。vedio call “视频通话”，call为可数名词，根据前面的数词“5”可知，空处要用复数形式。故填calls。
39．考查形容词比较级。句意：“现在我看到他比以前更自在了，他可以直接联系他的朋友和老师，”萨尤蒂说。根据空后的than可知，空处的形容词要用比较级。故填more comfortable。
40．考查介词。句意：“现在我看到他比以前更自在了，他可以直接联系他的朋友和老师，”萨尤蒂说。reach out to sb.“和某人联系”。故填to。

5.（2022·山东潍坊·二模）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Al Larson is known as “The Bluebird Man”. He first began his conservational labor of love after he read an issue of National Geographic that detailed how building bird houses could help to stop their declining populations. ___41___(see) a bluebird going in and out of a dead tree on his property, Larson became inspired to start setting up little boxes that could serve as nests ___42___bluebirds.
___43___started as a hobby to pursue in his retirement turned into a full-time effort and after almost four decades of ___44___(devote), he has banded and documented over 30, 000 bluebirds, thanks ___45___(primary) to the 350 birdhouses that he has built across southwest Idaho.
Since bluebirds live on dead or nearly-dead trees, their population began to decline when the invention of the electric chainsaw (电锯) in the early 1900s ___46___(make) it easier for homeowners to remove the dead trees of their properties, having their habitats ___47___(destroy).
But the efforts of Larson have shown us that if we take a moment ___48___(understand) the needs of a species, the solution will present itself in ___49___practical and obtainable way.
Now that he is nearing the age of 97, Larson shows no signs of slowing down. And up to now his inspiring story ____50____(film) into the Emmy award-nominated documentary “Bluebird Man.”
答案：
41．Seeing
42．for
43．What
44．devotion
45．primarily
46．made##had made
47．destroyed
48．to understand
49．a
50．has been filmed
【分析】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了蓝鸟之父——Al Larson为了保护蓝鸟所付出的坚持不懈的行动，也表明如果一个人用心做一件事，他会得到很大的成就。
41．考查非谓语动词。句意：看到一只蓝鸟在他的房子周围的一棵枯树上进进出出，Larson受到启发，开始建小盒子，作为蓝鸟的巢穴。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。主句主语Larson与see之间存在主动关系，所以用现在分词，作状语。故填Seeing。
42．考查介词。句意：看到一只蓝鸟在他的房子周围的一棵枯树上进进出出，Larson受到启发，开始建小盒子，作为蓝鸟的巢穴。此处表示“对于蓝鸟而言”，用介词for。故填for。
43．考查名词性从句。句意：他在退休后的业余爱好变成了一项全职工作，在将近40年的努力之后，他已经记录和记录了超过3万只蓝鸟，这主要归功于他在爱达荷州西南部建造的350个鸟舍。本句为主语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，所以用连接代词what引导。故填What。
44．考查名词。句意：他在退休后的业余爱好变成了一项全职工作，在将近40年的努力之后，他已经标记并记录了3万多只蓝鸟，这主要归功于他在爱达荷州西南部建造的350个鸟舍。介词of后接名词形式，devotion为不可数名词。故填devotion。
45．考查副词。句意：他在退休后的业余爱好变成了一项全职工作，在将近40年的努力之后，他已经标记并记录了3万多只蓝鸟，这主要归功于他在爱达荷州西南部建造的350个鸟舍。句中用副词担当状语，表示“主要地”。故填primarily。
46．考查动词时态。句意：由于蓝鸟生活在已经枯死或接近枯死的树上，20世纪初，当电锯的发明使得房主更容易锯掉他们地产上的枯树，破坏了它们的栖息地的时候，蓝鸟的数量开始下降。根据时间状语in the early 1900s，可判断此处时态为过去的时态，可以表示过去的动作，所以用一般过去时；也可表示过去已经完成的动作，所以用过去完成时。故填made或had made。
47．考查非谓语动词。句意：由于蓝鸟生活在已经枯死或接近枯死的树上，20世纪初，当电锯的发明使得房主更容易锯掉他们地产上的枯树，破坏了它们的栖息地的时候，蓝鸟的数量开始下降。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。句中宾语their habitats与destroy之间存在被动关系，用过去分词，作宾语补足语。故填destroyed。
48．考查非谓语动词。句意：但Larson的努力向我们表明，如果我们花点时间了解一个物种的需求，解决方案就会以一种实际可行的方式呈现出来。句中用不定式形式，作目的状语。故填to understand。
49．考查冠词。句意：但Larson的努力向我们表明，如果我们花点时间了解一个物种的需求，解决方案就会以一种实际可行的方式呈现出来。此处泛指“一种实际可行的方式”，且practical发音为辅音音素开头，所以用不定冠词a。故填a。
50．考查动词语态。句意：到目前为止，他鼓舞人心的故事已经被拍摄成艾美奖提名纪录片《蓝鸟人》。根据时间状语up to now可知，用现在完成时。主语his inspiring story和film之间存在被动关系，用被动语态，所以空处为现在完成时的被动语态。主语为单数形式，所以用has。故填has been made。

6.（2021·全国·高考真题）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I've always loved the ocean. In the____1____ (seven) grade,I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California. I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, ____2____ (think)it is food.
I decided to do something ____3____ (educate) people about this problem. I held presentations at schools to teach kids about plastic waste. I wanted to reach businesses too. I decided that if I learned of a company____4____ used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back.
One day, I saw a commercial for a health-care company. People in the ad were using plastic straws （吸管）.   I found the contact information of the company____5____ emailed its president. I told him how ____6____ (harm) plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options. I was so____7____ (excite) when he wrote back to me.He said he would make sure that the company cut its use of plastic straws in half.
I kept going. Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I'd send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to ____8____ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris. A company ____9____ (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over _____10_____ plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.
答案：
1． Seventh
2．Thinking
3．to educate
4．which##that
5．And
6．Harmful
7．excited8．Was
9．Representative
10．from
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章作者讲述了自己为了保护海洋，减少塑料垃圾所做出的努力。
1．考查序数词。句意：七年级的时候，我开始在加州的蒙特利湾水族馆做志愿者。 表示“七年级” 用序数词，所以填seventh。
2．考查非谓语动词。句意：当我得知许多海洋动物吃塑料垃圾，以为那是食物时，我很难过。分析句子结构，　　2　　 (think)it is food.用作状语，think与其逻辑主语many sea animals之间是主动关系，用现在分词，所以填thinking。
3．考查非谓语动词。句意：我决定做一些事情来教育人们这个问题。分析句子结构，　　3　　 (educate) people about this problem.用作目的状语，用不定式，所以填to educate。
4．考查定语从句。句意：我决定，如果我知道有哪家公司大量使用塑料，我就给它发邮件，敦促它减少使用塑料。分析句子结构， 　　4　　 used a lot of plastic是一个定语从句，修饰先行词a company，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，用which或that引导该从句，所以填which或that。
5．考查连词。句意：我找到了这家公司的联系方式，并给公司总裁发了电子邮件。“found”和“emailed”之间是并列关系，用and连接两个并列的谓语动词，所以填and。
6．考查形容词。句意：我告诉他塑料对环境的危害，并请他考虑使用更环保的产品。该处为how引导的感叹句，how之后接形容词，所以填harmful。
7．考查形容词。句意：当他给我回信时，我很兴奋。该空作was之后的表语，用形容词，修饰人，用v+ed形式的形容词，所以填excited。
8．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我给写信的最大的公司之一是巴黎阿拉斯加航空公司。 根据定语从句的谓语动词“wrote” 可知这里描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时；one of + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数结构中，谓语动词用单数，所以填was。
9．考查名词。句意：一位公司代表回信告诉我，该航空公司将把每天1200个航班的塑料杯换成纸杯。该空作句子主语，用名词，前面有不定冠词修饰，用名词单数，所以填representative。
10．考查介词。句意：一位公司代表回信告诉我，该航空公司将把每天1200个航班从塑料杯换成纸杯。 from sth to sth从...到..., 所以填from。

7.阅读下面材料，
在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
English perfectly shows the “network effects” of a global tongue: the more people use it, the more useful it is. Parents expect their children 1. (master)English, which is encouraging the 2. (grow)of private schooling. Education authorities are switching to English medium, in part to control the outflow(外流) of children into the private sector.
Teaching children in English is fine if that is 3. they speak at home and their parents are fluent 4. it. But that is not 5. case in most public and low-cost private schools. Children are taught in a language they don’t understand by teachers 6. English is poor. The children learn neither English nor anything else.
Research shows that children learn 7. (much)when they are taught in their mother tongue than they do when they are taught in any other language. In a study of children in 12 schools in Cameroon last month, those taught in Kom 8. (do)better than those taught in English in all subjects.
English should be an important subject at school, but not 9. (necessary)the language of instruction. Rather than switching to English-medium teaching, governments fearful of 10. (lose) custom (光顾) to the private sector should look at the many possible ways of improving public schools.
【答案】
1. to master
2. growth
3. what
4. in
5. the
6. whose
7. more
8. did
9. necessarily
10. losing
【分析】
这是一篇议论文。短文阐述了儿童教学宜采用母语，而非英语。
1. 考查动词不定式。expect sb to do sth “期望某人做某事”为固定短语。故填 to master。
2. 考查名词。 the +名词+of...“。。。。。。。的”。故填growth。
3. 考查连接代词。分析句子可知，is后接表语从句。在表语从句中，what作speak的宾语。故填 what。
4. 考查介词。be fluent in“在......方面流利”为固定短语。故填in。
5. 考查冠词。this is not the case“情况不是这样”为固定短语。故填the。
6. 考查关系代词。分析句子可知，teachers 为先行词，在后面的定语从句中作定语，所以关系代词为whose。故填whose。
7. 考查形容词比较级。由“than”可知，空处应填much的比较级more。故填more。
8. 考查一般过去时。由“last month”可知，本句为一般过去时。所以空处填did。故填did 。
9. 考查副词。necessarily为副词修饰整个句子。故填necessarily。
10. 考查动名词。of 为介词后接动名词作宾语。故填losing。

8.阅读下面短文，
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Pinyin is a successful tool, which 11. (teach) in China to school kids. It is not merely used by westerners like us. It has proved to be a useful tool for Chinese people 12. (they) to learn standard pronunciation in their early education.
The first step is to learn how 13. (pronounce) each letter in pinyin correctly and the meaning of the tone markers. Then you have to do 14. (drill) as many as you can. Turn that into a game. It can be 15. (much) fun than you would expect. Start 16. single syllables and do that a lot and then syllable pairs. Slowly move on to larger groups. Understand the initial, final and the tones.
But most importantly, 17. you need is good feedback. You’d better have someone that can correct your mistakes immediately.
Find a native Chinese, 18. can listen to you and correct you. If you take Chinese classes, the teacher will 19. (probable) have you do drills every class. Do this very seriously.
If you are self-studying, try to meet native Chinese people and ask them to give you some feedback. Otherwise, try to be self-critical and listen very carefully. Good 20. (listen) is more than 50% of what it takes to pronounce correctly.
【答案】
11. is taught
12. themselves
13. to pronounce
14. drills
15. more
16. with
17. what
18. who
19. probably
20. listening
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。短文就如何学习好中国的拼音提出了一些建议。
11. 考查一般现在时的被动语态。分析句子可知，tool为先行词，在后面的非限制性定语从句中作主语，且与谓语teach为被动。因为本句在介绍“拼音”，所以本句为一般现在时。故填is taught 。
12. 考查反身代词。分析句子可知，拼音已被证明是中国人在早期教育中学习标准发音的有用工具。所以Chinese people 与they的反身代词为同位关系，所以填反身代词themselves。故填themselves 。
13. 考查动词不定式。how to do sth 在句中作 learn的宾语。故填to pronounce。
14. 考查名词复数。drill为可数名词，由“as many as”可知，应填drill的复数。故填drills 。
15. 考查形容词比较级。由“than”可知，应填much的比较级more。故填 more 。
16. 考查介词。start with “以......开始”为固定短语且符合句意。故填with。
17. 考查连接代词。分析句子可知，本句为主语从句，主语为we,谓语为need，所以用what作need的宾语。what在名词性从句中一定做成分，而且常做主语、宾语、表语或者定语。故填what。
18. 考查关系代词。分析句子可知，a native Chinese为先行词，在后面的非限制性定语从句中作主语。所以关系代词为who。故填who 。
19. 考查副词。probably为副词修饰动词have。故填probably。
20. 考查名词。Good为形容词修饰名词listening。故填listening。

9.阅读下面短文，
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Have you ever met anyone of your age from America? Do you think you would have a lot 21. common with the middle school students there?
In fact, there are lots of 22. (different). For example, classes in American schools are 23. (small) than ours. Most classes in America have no more than 30 students. Most students in the US don’t wear school uniforms, and they never do group exercises each day the way we do. 24. we do exercises in the morning together will make them surprised.
In fact, Chinese students and American students have very different lives.What’s the first thing you think about when you get up in the morning? It’s 25. (probable) your lessons at school. You may wonder26. you have finished your homework. Chinese students are always under lots of pressure both at home 27. at school. They study hard at night, and sometimes even on weekends because exams are very important to them.
For Chinese students, school is life, but not for American students. They don’t have to worry about passing exams all the time, so they can spend time in and out of school 28. (do) things they enjoy. Students do different things for fun. Playing sports, making music and surfing the website are all their favorite activities. Many American teachers think that 29. (study) hard isn’t enough to make good students. They encourage students 30. (try) lots of different things.
【答案】
21. in
22. differences
23. smaller
24. That
25. probably
26. if/whether
27. and
28. doing
29. studying
30. to try
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章比较了美国学生和中国学生的不同之处。
21. 考查介词。句意：你认为你会和那里的中学生有很多共同之处吗?短语have sth. in common“在……方面有共同点”。故填in。
22. 考查名词的数。句意：事实上，有很多不同之处。本句为there be句型，缺少名词做主语，且由lots of修饰故填名词复数形式differences。
23. 考查形容词比较级。句意：事实上，例如，美国学校的班级比我们的小。它们有很多不同之处。根据下文than可知应填形容词比较级smaller。
24. 考查连接词。句意：我们早上一起做练习会让他们感到惊讶。本句为主语从句，从句中不缺少成分，且位于句首，故填That。
25. 考查副词。句意：可能是你在学校上的课。本句中副词做状语修饰句子，故填probably。
26. 考查连接词。句意：你可能想知道你是否完成了家庭作业。从句中不缺少任何成分，由此可断定用that/if/whether，结合句意可知，需用表达“是否”意思的连接词，that无意义，因此断定用if/whether。
27. 考查固定短语。句意：中国学生在家里和学校总是承受着很大的压力。短语both…and…“两者都……”，故填and。
28. 考查非谓语动词。句意：他们不必一直担心通过考试，所以他们可以花时间在学校内外做他们喜欢的事情。短语spend time doing sth.“花费时间做某事”，故填doing。
29. 考查非谓语动词。句意：许多美国老师认为努力学习不足以成为好学生。本句为宾语从句，从句中需要动名词短语做主语，故填studying。
30. 考查非谓语动词。句意：他们鼓励学生尝试许多不同的东西。短语encourage sb. to do sth.“鼓励某人做某事”后跟不定式，故填to try。

10.阅读下面短文，
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Three-quarters of the world's coffee farms destroy forest habitat to grow coffee in the sun and usually use harmful pesticides(杀虫剂) and 31. (chemical) that poison the environment. When forests disappear, migratory (迁徙的)songbirds disappear, too. In order to deal with increasing population and habitat 32. (lose)，Smithsonian scientists created the Bird Friendly certification (证书).
Bird Friendly coffees are shade-grown, meaning the coffee is planted under trees, rather than on the land that 33. (clear) of all other plants. Coffee experts say shade-grown coffees taste 34. (good), because the beans ripen slower than coffee grown in the full sun, 35. (result) in a richer, more complex flavor (味道). Bird Friendly certified coffees grow under bio-diverse shade that provides habitat for migratory songbirds and other wildlife, stores carbon 36. fights climate change. Bird Friendly coffees are also certified organic, meaning they are grown without pesticides, 37. is better for people and for the planet.
Bird Friendly producers can also earn more for their crops. The wood and fruit trees on shade coffee farms provide additional income 38. farmers. Every cup of Bird Friendly coffee bought rewards these farmers with a little more money for taking good care of the environment and encourages them to continue 39. (protect) Bird Friendly habitat.
You can buy Bird Friendly certified coffees throughout the world and protect wildlife and habitat with every cup. Find a store or cafe near you, or better yet, have it 40. (deliver) to your door when you order online.
【答案】
31. chemicals
32. loss
33. has been cleared/is cleared
34. better
35. resulting
36. and
37. which
38. for
39. protecting/to protect
40. delivered
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍史密森学会的科学家创造的the Bird Friendly认证。这主要是为了应对鸟类增长的人口和栖息地的丧失。
31. 考查名词复数。句意：通常使用有害的杀虫剂和毒害环境的化学品。结合句意可知此处用名词复数，故答案为chemicals。
32. 考查名词。句意：为了应对增长的人口和栖息地的丧失，史密森学会的科学家创造了the Bird Friendly certification。结合句意可知此处用名词，lose的名词是“loss”，故答案为loss。
33. 考查时态和语态。句意：适合鸟类生长的咖啡是在树荫下种植的，这意味着咖啡种植在树下，而不是种植在已经清除了所有其他植物的土地上。结合句意可知此处用一般现在时态或现在完成时态的被动语态，且主语是land，单数第三人称，故答案为has been cleared/is cleared。
34. 考查比较级。句意：咖啡专家说，在阴凉处种植的咖啡味道更好，因为咖啡豆比在阳光下生长的咖啡成熟得慢，因此味道更丰富、更复杂。根据than可知此处用形容词的比较级，故答案为better。
35. 考查现在分词。句意：咖啡专家说，在阴凉处种植的咖啡味道更好，因为咖啡豆比在阳光下生长的咖啡成熟得慢，因此味道更丰富、更复杂。此处是现在分词作自然的结果状语，故答案为resulting。
36. 考查并列连词。句意：经过鸟类友好认证的咖啡生长在生物多样性的树荫下，为候鸟和其他野生动物提供栖息地，储存碳，对抗气候变化。此处是并列关系，故答案为and。
37. 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：对鸟类无害的咖啡也被认证为有机咖啡，这意味着它们在种植过程中不使用杀虫剂，这对人类和地球都有好处。此处是整个句子做先行词，在后面的非限制性定语从句中作主语，故答案为which。
38. 考查固定搭配。句意：树荫下的咖啡农场里的树木和果树为农民提供了额外的收入。固定搭配：provide sb. with sth./provide sth. for sb.“提供给某人某物”。故答案为for。
39. 考查固定搭配。句意：鼓励他们继续保护鸟类的栖息地。固定搭配：continue to do/doing sth.“继续做某事”，故答案为protecting/to protect。
40. 考查过去分词。句意：在你附近找一家商店或咖啡馆，或者更好的是，当你在网上订购时，把它送到你的门口。固定结构：have +宾语+宾语补足语，此处it 和deliver之间是被动关系，是过去分词作宾语补足语，故答案为delivered。