资料中包含下列文件，点击文件名可预览资料内容
还剩20页未读，
继续阅读
所属成套资源：2023高考英语题型精讲精练学案（新高考）
成套系列资料，整套一键下载
- 【高考二轮题型复习】2023年高考英语题型精讲精练学案（新高考）——专题08 阅读理解之主旨题（原卷版+解析版） 学案 2 次下载
- 【高考二轮题型复习】2023年高考英语题型精讲精练学案（新高考）——专题09 阅读理解之推断题（原卷版+解析版） 学案 1 次下载
- 【高考二轮题型复习】2023年高考英语题型精讲精练学案（新高考）——专题11 应用文体类阅读理解（原卷版+解析版） 学案 2 次下载
- 【高考二轮题型复习】2023年高考英语题型精讲精练学案（新高考）——专题13 议论文体类阅读理解（原卷版+解析版） 学案 1 次下载
- 【高考二轮题型复习】2023年高考英语题型精讲精练学案（新高考）——专题14 说明文体类阅读理解（原卷版+解析版） 学案 1 次下载
【高考二轮题型复习】2023年高考英语题型精讲精练学案（新高考）——专题10 阅读理解之猜词题（原卷版+解析版）
展开
这是一份【高考二轮题型复习】2023年高考英语题型精讲精练学案（新高考）——专题10 阅读理解之猜词题（原卷版+解析版），文件包含专题10阅读理解之猜词题解析版docx、专题10阅读理解之猜词题原卷版docx等2份学案配套教学资源，其中学案共54页， 欢迎下载使用。
专题10 阅读理解之猜词题（解析版）
猜词悟义是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考阅读理解中必考的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。同时，考生应掌握一些猜词技巧，通过定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、同义、反义、构词、常识及上下文线索等确定词义。
一、思维导图
二、方法点拨
1. 设问方式
• The underlined word “ … ” refers to/ (probably) means .
• “…” as used in the passage can best be defined as…
• What do you think the expression “…” stands for?
• What does the underlined word “…” refer to in the last paragraph?
• Which of the following words can take the place of the word “ … ”?
• The underlined word “…” could best be replaced by…
• Which of the following has the closest meaning to the word “ … ”?
• What does the author mean by “…” in paragraph 2?
2. 七大技巧
1.根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测
有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释。标点符号，如逗号后的解释(名词同位语)、破折号后的解释、括号内的解释等。这都是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。例如：
例子1
Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nationstate and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.
29．Which of the following best explains “dominant” underlined in paragraph 2?
A．Complex. B．Advanced.
C．Powerful. D．Modern.
[分析] 根据画线词所在句子可知，人类社会发展的很多因素导致许多语言消失，而逐渐被英语、西班牙语、汉语等语言取代，画线词前后的解释暗示了这些语言逐渐占主导地位，故选C项powerful (强大的，有影响力的)。
【真题小练 】 (浙江2019.6 阅读理解B）
Money with no strings attached. It’s not something you see every day. But at Union
Station in Los Angeles last month, a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with
pins and a sign that read, "Give What You Can, Take What You Need."
( )What does the expression "money with no strings attached" in paragraph 1 mean?
A.Money spent without hesitation. B.Money not legally made.
C.Money offered without conditions. D.Money not tied together.
2.根据同位关系进行猜测
阅读中出现的难词有时后面紧跟一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释，因此可利用同位关系对前面的词义或句意进行猜测。例如：
例子2
I am Peter Hodes, a volunteer stem cell courier. Since March 2012, I've done 89 trips — of those, 51 have been abroad. I have 42 hours to carry stem cells (干细胞) in my little box because I've got two ice packs and that's how long they last. In all, from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor (捐献者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient, we've got 72 hours at most. So I am always conscious of time.
29．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “courier” in Paragraph 1?
A．provider B．delivery man
C．collector D．medical doctor
[分析] “a volunteer stem cell courier”是“Peter Hodes”的同位语；根据文中“I have 42 hours to carry stem cells (干细胞) in my little box”可知，Peter Hodes的任务就是将捐献者捐献的干细胞运送给需要的病人，即作者是干细胞递送员。故选择B项。
3.根据构词法(前缀、后缀、派生等)进行猜测
在英语中，有很多词可以通过增加前缀和后缀的方式，构成新词。乍看起来，这个词可能是新词，但在掌握了一定的构词知识之后，就不难猜出它的词义。例如：
①“Our parties are aimed for children 2 to 10，” Anaclerio said, “and they're very interactive and creative in that they built a sense of drama based on a subject.”
文中interactive是由前缀inter(相互的)和active(活动的，活跃的)构成的，同时根据上下文的意思可以判断，该词的含义应是“互动的”。
②Perhaps, we can see some possibilities for next fifty years. But the next hundred?
possibility是possible的同根名词，据此可以判断possibility的意思是“可能性”。
例子3
A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness,_or worry.
[分析] 根据构词法知识我们可知，un为否定前缀，ness为名词后缀，easy(舒适)为词根。因此，我们可猜测uneasiness为“不安；担忧”之意。
(全国II 2014 阅读理解A）
My husband rushed to their home to find a kind family holding all papers and documents. Their young daughter had gone to the trash can and found a pile of unfamiliar papers...At last they had seen a half-written letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend. That family not only returned the important documents to us that day, but also restored our faith and trust in people. We still remember their kindness and often send a warm wish their way.
( )What does the underlined word “restored” in the last paragraph mean?
A. showed. B. sent out. C. delivered. D. gave back
4.根据因果关系进行猜测
在一篇阅读文章中，根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。例如：
例子4
If you have a_juicer,_you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a “softserve” creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a children's party; they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.
26．What is “a juicer” in the last paragraph?
A．A dessert. B．A drink.
C．A container. D．A machine.
[分析] 该段第一句含有一个if引导的条件状语从句，若满足该条件，则产生的结果是第一句的后半句和第二句， “you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a ‘softserve’ creamy dessert, to be eaten right away.” 即“将冰冻香蕉和其他莓类、水果片放进去，出来的是奶油状甜品”。由此因果关系可推知juicer指的是榨汁机。故选择D项。
5.根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测
文章中的代词it, that, he, him或them可以指代上文提到的人或物，其中it和that还可以指代一件事。有时代词指代的对象相隔较远，要认真查找；有时也需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的事物。例如：
例子5
[2]Despite the celebrations, though, in the U．S.the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.
[3]It's Jason Moran's job to help change that.As the Kennedy Center's artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.
…
29．What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A．Jazz becoming more accessible.
B．The production of jazz growing faster.
C．Jazz being less popular with the young.
D．The jazz audience becoming larger.
[分析] 根据语境可知，画线词that指代第二段“Despite the celebrations, though, in the U．S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.”的内容，即爵士乐听众的数量减少并且趋于老龄化，不受年轻人喜欢的现状。故选C。
6.根据同义或近义关系进行猜测
在同一句、同一段或同一篇文章中，作者为了避免语言的单调、重复，有时会使用意思相同或相近的词。因此，考生只要读懂上下文，知道其中一个词的意思，就能猜出另外一个词的意思。
[例] (2018·全国卷Ⅲ阅读D节选)
Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume that more_is_more when it comes to kids and their belongings? The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less.
例子6…
32．What do the words “more is more” in paragraph 1 probably mean?
A．The more, the better.
B．Enough is enough.
C．More money, more worries.
D．Earn more and spend more.
[分析] 根据该段第一句“Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects.”可知，作者认为成年人都理解物质过剩的那种感觉，后面又用反问句提出了问题：但是，说到孩子们和他们的物品，我们为什么通常又认定more is more呢？由此推知，这里的 more is more与前面的 flooded with为近义呼应，指“越多越好”。故选A。
7.根据转折或对比关系进行猜测
根据上下句的连接词，如but, however, otherwise等可以推断上下文之间的逻辑关系，从而可以依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。另外，分号也可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义。例如：
①A child's birthday party doesn't have to be a hassle;_it can be a basket of fun.
从分号前后两句的意思可以看出，hassle和a basket of fun是相反的意义，所以不难判断hassle的意思是“困难，麻烦”。
②She is usually prompt for all her class, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.
but一词表示转折，因此but前后的意思正好相反。根据后半句的意思“她今天第一节课上了一半才来”，可得出她平时一向“准时”的结论。
③The players in the World Cup are professionals, while those who play in the Olympics must be amateurs.
由于转折词“while”引导的两个分句前后意义相反，我们可推测出amateurs是professionals(专业人士)的反义词，意思为“业余人士，业余选手”。
例子7…
Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development. By the 1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were fewer humans around.
…
29．What does the underlined word “displaced” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Tested. B．Separated.
C．Forced out. D．Tracked down.
[分析] 画线词的前句说明在黄石公园和美洲大部分地区曾有许多的灰狼，连词but转折了句子意义，后来由于人类的发展，灰狼数量逐渐减少，几乎消失，由此可推断出画线词的意思为“被迫离开”，故选择C项。
三、高考真题
1． 2022年6月新高考1卷C篇
Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said: “Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.”
Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.”
30. What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in paragraph 7?
A. Improve. B. Oppose. C. Begin. D. Evaluate.
【答案】28. D 29. B 30. C 31. A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了旨在减少孤独，改善老年人的健康状况的项目。
【30题详解】词义猜测题。根据文章倒数第二段“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here. (居民们非常欢迎该项目的想法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣)”以及划线处前的“one of the first (第一批人之一)”可知Wendy Wilson是着手这项工程的人之一，划线处的含义与C项：“Begin (开始)”含义相近。故选C。
2． 2022年6月全国甲卷 C篇
As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins (企鹅) longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.
Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career (职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.
28. Which of the following best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2?
A. Try challenging things. B. Take a degree.
C. Bring back lost memories. D. Stick to a promise.
【答案】28. A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了71岁的Ginni Balinton从小就对旅行有着深深的热爱，渴望探险，不再跳舞和孩子们成家立业之后，她开始周游世界，并在2008年开始了前往南极洲的旅程。
【28题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段划线词前文“Throughout her career(职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. (在她的职业舞蹈演员生涯中，她曾在英国巡演，但一直渴望进一步探索)”和“When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest (当她不再跳舞，她的儿子们最终独立生活)”可知，Ginni在退休和儿子们成家立业之后，她决定尝试有挑战性的事情。由此推知，划线词组take the plunge与try challenging things“尝试有挑战性的事情”意思接近。故选A。
3． 2022年6月全国乙卷C篇
That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts.
29. What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Personnel safety. B. Assistance from drones.
C. Inspection and repair. D. Construction of infrastructure.
【答案】 29. C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。应用今天的“空中之眼”的技术，无人机能在保证铁路安全可靠的同时又能帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元。
【29题详解】
词义猜测题。根据后文“It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. (据统计，仅欧洲铁路公司每年在铁路维护上的花费就约为200亿欧元，其中包括经常在夜间派遣维修人员检查和维修铁路基础设施)”可知花在maintenance上的费用是用于“inspect and repair the rail infrastructure （检查和维修铁路基础设施”，由此可知“That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety”是指大幅节省检修成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全，划线词和 C项：Inspection and repair(检修)含义相近。故选C。
4． 2022年6月北京卷D篇
As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers may mislead investors, journalists, the public and, worst of all, themselves about their work’s potential. If researchers can’t keep their promises, excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns. Lots of other technologies have gone through stages of excitement. But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype, Johnson suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands for something cool you shouldn’t be able to understand.” And that brings me back to Taylor, who suggested that I read his book Q for Quantum.
33. What does the underlined word “prone” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?
A. Open. B. Cool. C. Useful. D. Resistant.
【答案 33. A
【解题导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要论述了“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”，计算机科学家克里斯·约翰逊和物理学家菲利普·泰勒分别阐明了自己的观点。
33.【解析】
词义猜测题。根据第三自然段“But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype, Johnson suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands for something cool you shouldn’t be able to understand.”（ 但约翰逊表明，量子计算的某些方面使得它特别 prone被炒作，可能是因为“量子”代表了一些你不应该理解的酷东西。”）”可知，本句中含有一个原因状语从句，因为““量子”代表了一些你不应该理解的酷东西”，所以它特别容易被炒作。故prone意为“易于……的”。A. Open.开放的；易受损害的；B. Cool. 酷的；C. Useful. 有用的；D. Resistant. 有抵抗力的。故选A。
5． 2022年6月浙江卷 C
How long we stay on the clock and how we spend that time are under careful examination in many workplaces. The young banker who eats lunch at his desk is probably seen as a go-getter, while his colleagues who chat over a relaxed conference-room meal get dirty looks from the corner office. “People from cultures that value relationships more than ours does are shocked by the thought of eating alone in front of a computer”, says Art Markman, a professor of psychology at the University of Texas, Austin. Social interaction has been shown to lift mood(情绪) and get people thinking in new directions and in ways that could help improve any post-lunch effort.
9. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. A good thinker is able to inspire other people.
B. Experience unrelated to your job is useless.
C. A cheerful mood helps make a creative mind.
D. Focusing on what you do raises productivity.
【答案】 9. C
【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了许多人认为工作到最大限度是成功的秘诀，但研究发现，适度的工作也会带来成果。所以要适度工作，工作时要有积极的情绪，这会让自己在工作中更有效率。
【8题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线单词下文“while his colleagues who chat over a relaxed conference-room meal get dirty looks from the corner office.(而他那些在会议室吃饭时闲聊的同事们则在角落办公室里得到不屑的目光。)”可知，while前后是对比关系，那些在会议室吃饭时闲聊的同事会得到别人不屑的目光，即被认为不努力工作，相反，那些在办公桌前吃午饭的年轻银行家可能被视为是一个努力工作以求成功的人，由此可知，划线单词go-getter，指的是那些努力工作以求成功的人，故选B。
6． 2022年1月浙江卷 A
For nearly a decade now,Merebeth has been a self-employed pet transport specialist. Her pet transport job was born of the financial crisis（危机）in the late 2000s．The downturn hit the real estate（房地产）firm where she had worked for ten years as an office manager.The firm went broke and left her looking for a new job.One day,while driving near her home,she saw a dog wandering on the road, clearly lost. She took it home,and her sister in Denver agreed to take it. This was a loving home for sure,but 1,600 miles away.It didn’t take long for Merebeth to decide to drive the dog there herself. It was her first road trip to her new job.
Merebeth's pet delivery service satisfies her wanderlust. It has taken her to every state in the US except Montana,Washington and Oregon,she says proudly.If she wants to visit a new place, she will simply find a pet with transport needs there.She travels in all weathers.She has driven through 55 mph winds in Wyoming , heavy flooding and storms in Alabama and total whiteout conditions in Kansas.
22.The word “wanderlust" in paragraph 2 means a desire to ?
A.make money. B.try various jobs.
C.be close to nature. D.travel to different places.
【答案】22. D
【解析】：本文是一篇记叙文，主要叙述了Merebeth 由于公司破产失业后，在机缘巧合下成为宠物运送员，不仅帮助了动物，而且收获了旅行带来的精神自由。
第22题 猜测词义题。根据第一段It has taken her to every state in the US except Montana, Washington and Oregon, she says proudly. 意思为：她很骄傲的说,这个工作带她到了全美国除蒙大拿,华盛顿,俄勒冈以外的所有的州。可知，她很喜欢到不同的地方旅行。以及第二段：This wanderlust is inherited from her father, she says. He moved their family from Canada to California when she was one year old, because he wanted them to explore a new place together. 遗传自她的父亲也喜欢探索新地方。故答案选D。
7． 2021年6月北京卷 C
Hundreds of scientists, writers and academics sounded a warning to humanity in an open letter published last December: Policymakers and the rest of us must engage openly with the risk of global collapse. Researchers in many areas have projected the widespread collapse as "a credible scenario（情景）this century".
A survey of scientists found that extreme weather events, food insecurity, and freshwater shortages might create global collapse. Of course, if you are a non-human species, collapse is well underway.
The call for public engagement with the unthinkable is especially germane in this moment of still-uncontrolled pandemic and economic crises in the world's most technologically advanced nations. Not very long ago, it was also unthinkable that a virus would shut down nations and that safety nets would be proven so disastrously lacking in flexibility.
The international scholars' warning letter doesn't say exactly what collapse will look like or when it might happen. Collapseology, the study of collapse, is more concerned with identifying trends and with them the dangers of everyday civilization. Among the signatories（签署者）of the warning was Bob Johnson, the originator of the "ecological footprint" concept, which measures the total amount of environmental input needed to maintain a given lifestyle. With the current footprint of humanity, "it seems that global collapse is certain to happen in some form, possibly within a decade, certainly within this century, " Johnson said in an email.
Only if we discuss the consequences of our biophysical limits, the December warning letter says, can we have the hope to reduce their "speed, severity and harm". And yet messengers of the coming disturbance are likely to be ignored. We all want to hope things will turn out fine. As a poet wrote,
Man is a victim of dope（麻醉品）
In the incurable form of hope.
The hundreds of scholars who signed the letter are intent（执着）on quieting hope that ignores preparedness. "Let's look directly into the issue of collapse, " they say, "and deal with the terrible possibilities of what we see there to make the best of a troubling future."
1.What does the underlined word "germane" in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A.Scientific. B.Credible. C.Original. D.Relevant.
2.As for the public awareness of global collapse, the author is .
A.worried B.puzzled C.surprised D.scared
答案1D 2A 3B
解析：本文介绍了在这个世界上技术最先进的国家仍然无法控制的流行病和经济危机的时刻，呼吁公众参与不可思议的事情显得尤为密切相关。作者同时也表达了对全球崩溃的认识的担忧。
1.词义猜测题。根据原文第三段 "The call for public engagement with the unthinkable is especially germane in this moment of still-uncontrolled pandemic and economic crises in the world's most technologically advanced nations."在这个世界上技术最先进的国家仍然无法控制的流行病和经济危机的时刻，呼吁公众参与不可思议的事情显得尤为密切相关。可知第3段中带下划线的单词"germane"可能是 "相关的" 意思。A.scientific科学的；B.credible可信的；C.original原件的；D.relevant相关的。故选D。
2观点态度题。根据原文第五段 "And yet messengers of the coming disturbance are likely to be ignored. We all want to hope things will turn out fine." 然而，即将到来的动乱的信息很可能被忽视。我们都希望事情会好起来。可知至于公众对全球崩溃的认识，作者是担心的。A.worried担心的；B.puzzled担心的；C.surprised困惑的；D.scared害怕的。故选A。
8． 2021年6月新高考I卷（C篇）
When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans have taken care of these precious natural resourses wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl（水禽）were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat（栖息地）.
2.What does the underlined word "decimate" mean in the first paragraph?
A.Acquire. B.Export. C.Destroy. D.Distribute.
【答案】2.C
【文章大意】本文为说明文，讲述了美国为了保护“水禽”颁布了一项政策，狩猎者需要购买相关水禽类邮票，然后政府把售卖所得款拨给候鸟保护基金组织。
2词义猜测题。根据题干信息first paragraph定位到第一段：Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. 根据Unfortunately（不幸地是）可知，此处与前文 "taken care of" 形成对比，故此处应表示 "损害、毁坏" 。原文译为：不幸地是，这些探险者和定居者只花了几十年的时间就毁掉了这些资源的很大一部分。故选C。
9． 2021年6月新高考二卷B篇
As they grew more mobile, we let them move freely around the house during the day, but when we were asleep we had to contain them in a large room, otherwise they'd get up to mischief. We'd come down in the morning to find they'd turned the room upside down, and left it looking like a zoo.
5. What do the underlined words “get up to mischief” mean in paragraph 3?
A. Behave badly. B. Lose their way.
C. Sleep soundly. D. Miss their mom.
【答案】5. A
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者为了保证两只老虎幼崽的存活，决定在家里全天候照顾它们。介绍了老虎在作者家生活的情况以及作者照顾老虎的感受。
【5题详解】词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“As they grew more mobile, we let them move freely around the house during the day, but when we were asleep we had to contain them in a large room, otherwise they'd ”（随着它们的活动越来越多，我们白天让它们在房子里自由活动，但当我们睡觉时，我们必须把它们关在一个大房间里，否则它们会）以及后文“We'd come down in the morning to find they'd turned the room upside down, and left it looking like a zoo.”（我们早上下楼时发现他们把房间弄得乱七八糟，让它看起来像个动物园。）可知，作者不得不把老虎们在一个大房间里，否则它们就会调皮捣蛋，表现不好。早上下楼时发现他们把房间弄得乱七八糟，看起来像个动物园。故画线词意思是“表现不好”。故选A。
10． 2021年6月全国甲卷（C篇）
When I was 9, we packed up our home in Los Angeles and arrived at Heathrow, London on a gray January morning. Everyone in the family settled quickly into the city except me. Without my beloved beaches and endless blue-sky days, I felt at a loss and out of place. Until I made a discovery.
Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, where the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing. I loved it. I soon made friends with the local skaters. We spoke our own language. And my favorite: Safe. Safe meant cool. It meant hello. It meant don't worry about it. Once, when trying a certain trick on the beam（橫杆）, I fell onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Toby came over, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards loud, shouting: "Safe! Safe! Safe!" And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater.
2.What do the underlined words "Safe! Safe! Safe!" probably mean?
A.Be careful! B.Well done! C.No way! D.Don't worry.
【答案】 2B
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文，作者会议小时候在英国南岸这个伦敦滑板手们段圣地以及和他们一块度过的美好时光。
2词义猜测题。根据题干关键词 "Safe! Safe! Safe! " 定位在原文第三段 "And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater. 这就是重要的着陆技巧，成为一名优秀的滑冰运动员。" 表示做得好，所以应该是鼓励的话语。故选B项。
11． 2021.6全国乙卷B篇
Still, 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter (29%) rely only on their smartphones, according to a survey（调查）. Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third concede that it's not really necessary and they're keeping it as a security blanket—19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies. I think my home falls into that category.
2What does the underlined word "concede" in paragraph 3 mean?
A.Admit. B.Argue. C.Remember. D.Remark.
词义猜测题。根据题干信息concede，定位到第三段Still, 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home… Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third concede that it's not really necessary…。分析可知，虽然55%的人的家中都还有座机，但他们中的三分之一的人认为座机其实并不十分必要。由此我们可以推测，这些人在说it's not necessary的时候是在承认这件事。故选A。
12． 2021年6月浙江卷B篇
In the past few years, an increasing number of people and organisations have begun coming up with plans to counter this trend. A couple of years ago, film-maker David Bond realised that his children, then aged five and three, were attached to screens to the point where he was able to say "chocolate" into his three-year-old son's ear without getting a response. He realised that something needed to change, and, being a London media type, appointed himself "marketing director for Nature". He documented his journey as he set about treating nature as a brand to be marketed to young people. The result was Project Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth of the Wild Network, a group of organisations with the common goal of getting children out into nature.
3.Which of the following can replace the underlined word "charts" in paragraph 2?
A.records B.predicts C.delays D.confirms
【答案】3.A
【文章大意】本文作者以自己的孩子为例存在着长时间盯着电子屏幕的问题，从而引出了电影导演 David Bond怎样激励自己的孩子们养成户外活动、锻炼身体的习惯的做法。
3.猜词题。根据第二段最后一句话句意”结果是 Project Wild Thing，一部描绘了 Wild Network 诞生的电影，Wild Network 是一组以让孩子们融入大自然为共同目标的组织。“可知，本句主要阐述作者拍摄的纪录片Project Wild Thing记录下了组织Wild Network的诞生，因此record（记录、记载）与所猜词汇最为接近，故选A。
13． 2021年3月天津卷B篇
The poignancy（酸楚）of Jordan retiring from his beloved basketball to play baseball and what had pushed him to make such a tough decision took me by surprise. As I watched him take off his basketball uniform and replace it with a baseball uniform, I saw him leaving behind the layer that no longer served him, just as our lizard had. Neither of them chose the moment that had transformed them. But they had to live with who they were after everything was different. Just like us. I realized that we have to learn to leave the past behind.
Humans do not shed skin（蜕皮）as easily as other animals. The beginning of change is upsetting. The process is tiring. Damage changes us before we are ready. I see our lizard, raw and nearly new.
Jordan said that no matter how it ends, it starts with hope. With our tender, hopeful skin, that is where we begin.
4.The underlined part "leaving behind the layer" in Paragraph 8 can be understood as .
A.letting go of the past B.looking for a new job
C.getting rid of a bad habit D.giving up an opportunity
【答案】4.A
【解析】文章大意：这是一篇夹叙夹议文。讲述了作者的丈夫刚刚丢了工作，这种不确定性开始影响到家人，直到作者看到家里的宠物蜥蜴换皮和观看了Michael Jordan的纪录片《最后的舞蹈》后，领悟到我们必须学会把过去抛在脑后，像蜥蜴一样，用我们柔嫩、充满希望的皮肤，作为人生的起点。
4.词义猜测题。根据画线词后文 "Neither of them chose the moment that had transformed them…Just like us. I realized that we have to learn to leave the past behind.（他们都没有选择那个改变了他们的时刻。但他们必须和自己生活在一起因为一切都变了。就像我们一样。我意识到我们必须学会把过去抛在脑后）" 可知，作者看着乔丹脱下篮球服，换上棒球服时，意识到看到他放开了过去，把过去抛在脑后了。即画线词意思是 "放D开过去"。故选：A。
14． 2021年1月浙江卷C篇
Chimps will check to see if they have the attention of the animal with which they wish to communicate. In one case, a mother presents her foot to her crying baby, signaling: "Climb on me." The youngster immediately jumps on to its mother's back and they travel off together. "The big message from this study is that there is another species（物种）out there that is meaningful in its communication, so that's not unique to humans, " said Dr Hobaiter.
Dr Susanne Shultz, an evolutionary biologist from the University of Manchester, said the study was praiseworthy in seeking to enrich our knowledge of the evolution of human language. But, she added, the results were "a little disappointing".
"The vagueness of the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little to communicate, or we are still missing a lot of the information contained in their gestures and actions, " she said. "Moreover, the meanings seem to not go beyond what other animals convey with non-verbal communication. So, it seems the gulf remains."
3.What does the underlined word "gulf" in the last paragraph mean?
A.Difference. B.Conflict.
C.Balance. D.Connection.
【答案】3.A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了黑猩猩的语言：使用手势来传递信息，以及相关研究和结论。
3.词义猜测题。 首先找到词汇对应的内容 "So, it seems the gulf remains", 根据这句话中的so可以判断前后句是因果关系，再结合前句的句意可以推断出选项中最接近gulf词义的单词为A选项Difference。故答案为A。
15． 2021 全国乙卷 B篇
When almost everyone has a mobile phone, why are more than half of Australian homes still paying for a landline（座机）?
These days you'd be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesn't own a mobile phone. In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket. Practically everyone can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime.
Still, 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter (29%) rely only on their smartphones, according to a survey（调查）. Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third concede that it's not really necessary and they're keeping it as a security blanket—19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies. I think my home falls into that category.
2.What does the underlined word "concede" in paragraph 3 mean?
A.Admit. B.Argue. C.Remember. D.Remark.
【答案】2A
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。当今世界上几乎所有人都有手机，但一半以上澳大利亚家庭仍然拥有座机，本文说明了出现这一现象的原因。
2词义猜测题。根据题干信息concede，定位到第三段Still, 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home… Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third concede that it's not really necessary…。分析可知，虽然55%的人的家中都还有座机，但他们中的三分之一的人认为座机其实并不十分必要。由此我们可以推测，这些人在说it's not necessary的时候是在承认这件事。故选A。
16． 2021新高考1卷C篇
When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans have taken care of these precious natural resourses wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl（水禽）were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat（栖息地）.
2.What does the underlined word "decimate" mean in the first paragraph?
A.Acquire. B.Export. C.Destroy. D.Distribute.
【答案】2.C
词义猜测题。根据题干信息first paragraph定位到第一段：Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. 根据Unfortunately（不幸地是）可知，此处与前文 "taken care of" 形成对比，故此处应表示 "损害、毁坏" 。原文译为：不幸地是，这些探险者和定居者只花了几十年的时间就毁掉了这些资源的很大一部分。故选C。
17． 2020全国卷I卷 B 篇
Returning to a book you’ve read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend. There’s a welcome familiarity — but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both, and thus the relationship. But books don’t change, people do. And that’s what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.
The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register. It’s true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings. But with reading, it’s all about the present. It’s about the now and what one contributes to the now, because reading is a give and take between author and reader. Each has to pull their own weight.
There are three books I reread annually. The first, which I take to reading every spring, is Ernest Hemingway’s A Moveable Feast. Published in 1964, it’s his classic memoir of 1920s Paris. The language is almost intoxicating (令人陶醉的 ), an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time. Another is Annie Dillard’s Holy the Firm, her poetic 1975 ramble ( 随 笔 ) about everything and nothing. The third book is Julio Cortázar’s Save Twilight: Selected Poems, because poetry. And because Cortázar.
While I tend to buy a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifts, which might add to the meaning I attach to them. But I imagine that, while money is indeed wonderful and necessary, rereading an author’s work is the highest currency a reader can pay them. The best books are the ones that open further as time passes. But remember, it’s you that has to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your friends.
26. ( )What does the underlined word “currency” in paragraph 4 refer to?
A. Debt. B. Reward. C. Allowance. D. Face value.
【答案】26.B
26. 词义猜测题。根据第四段第二句的内容 "But I imagine that, while money is… is the highest currency a reader can pay them." 可知，作者认为虽然金钱确实是美好的，也是必要的，但是重读作家的作品是读者能够支付给他们的最高currency。A. debt 借款；B. reward 报酬；C. allowance 津贴；D. face value（邮票、钱币、票等的）票面价值。结合选项可知，B选项的reward符合语境，指 "支付给他们的最高报酬" 。故选：B。
18． 2020北京卷D篇
Certain forms of AI are indeed becoming ubiquitous. For example, algorithms（算法）carry out huge volumes of trading on our financial markets, self-driving cars are appearing on city streets, and our smartphones are translating from one language into another. These systems are sometimes faster and more perceptive than we humans are. But so far that is only true for the specific tasks for which the systems have been designed. That is something that some AI developers are now eager to change.
1.What does the underlined word "ubiquitous" in Paragraph 1 probably mean?
A.Enormous in quantity. B.Changeable daily.
C.Stable in quality. D.Present everywhere.
【答案】 1.D 2.A 3.B4.A
【解析】（文章大意）这是一篇说明文。人工智能虽然正在变得无处不在，但是仍然存在着一些局限性。本文主要围绕着AGI，即通用人工智能进行了介绍。
1.词义猜测题。根据划线词后面举的例子"algorithms（算法）carry out huge volumes of trading on our financial markets, … and our smartphones are translating from one language into another."可知，算法在金融市场上执行大量交易，自动驾驶汽车出现在城市街道上，智能手机正在从一种语言翻译成另一种语言，这都是人工智能无处不在的表现，"ubiquitous" 意为 "无处不在的" 。故答案选：D。
19． 2020全国2. C篇
Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. "The ecosystem down there can't handle this non-native species（物种）. It's destroying the environment. It's them or us, " says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field.
The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades, but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s, the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.
Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana. He says it's not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it. Hunters bring in more than 300, 000 nutria tails a year, so part of Mouton's job these days is trying to promote fur.
3.What does the underlined word "collapsed" in paragraph 5 probably mean?
A.Boomed. B.Became mature.
C.Remained stable. D.Crashed.
【答案】3.D
【解析】【文章大意】本文主要讲述了海狸鼠这种动物对环境造成了破坏，因此环保主义者和时尚爱好者正在试图把海狸鼠的皮毛投入市场中。
3.词义猜测题。根据第五段"but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s, the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy."可知，只有在海狸鼠市场倒闭或者崩溃之后，海狸鼠才开始疯狂扩大数量，collapse为崩溃的意思。故选D。
20． 2020全国3. B篇
Yet "Apes" is more exception than the rule. In fact, Hollywood has been hot on live animals lately. One nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatment or animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs on more than 2, 000 productions this year. Already, a number of films, including "Water for Elephants", "The Hangover Part Ⅱ" and "Zookeeper", have drawn the anger of activists who say the creatures acting in them haven't been treated properly.
3.What does the underlined phrase "keeping tabs on" in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A.Listing completely. B.Directing professionally.
C.Promoting successfully. D.Watching carefully.
【答案3.D
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了电影 "猩球崛起" 上个月首次与公众见面。动物爱好者聚集在好莱坞前，感谢电影制作者，在电影拍摄时，没有使用真的类人猿。现在的动物拍摄使用的是数字化人猿的创造技术，而一些电影的拍摄却存在着虐地动物的现象，这让一个非盈利的组织密切关注此事。但有些拍摄也是不能够被监测到的。
3.词句猜测题。根据第三段划线前的句子"One nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatment or animals in filmed entertainment"（一个非营利组织，监控动物在电影娱乐中的待遇）以及下文Already, a number of films, … them haven't been treated properly.（许多电影，包括 "大象的眼泪" , "宿醉Ⅱ" 和 "管理员" , 引起了动物保护人士的愤怒，他们说影片中的动物没有遭到很好的对待。）由此可知，其中一家监控动物待遇的非营利组织，今年正密切关注着2000多部影片。由此判断出，划线词的意思是 "密切关注" 。故选D项。
21． 2020.7浙江卷（B篇）
The traffic signals along Factoria Boulevard in Bellevue, Washington, generally don't flash the same length of green twice in a row, especially at rush hour. At 9:30 am, the full red/yellow/green signal cycle might be 140 seconds. By 9:33 am, a burst of additional traffic might push it to 145 seconds. Less traffic at 9:37 am could push it down to 135. Just like the traffic itself, the timing of the signals changes.
1.What does the underlined word "that" in paragraph 2 refer to?
A.Increased length of green lights. B.Shortened traffic signal cycle.
C.Flexible timing of traffic signals. D.Smooth traffic flow on the road.
【答案】1.C
【解析】文章大意：本文主要讲了华盛顿Bellevue信号灯时间调整的原因以及研究过程。
1.词义猜测题。根据文章第一段最后一句"Just like the traffic itself, the timing of the signals changes"可知that指代的是信号灯时间的灵活变化，故选C。
22． 2020.5天津卷（C篇）
Making the skies electric isn't just good for the environment, it also makes sound financial sense: a small aircraft uses ＄400 on conventional fuel for a 100-mile flight, while an electric one costs ＄8—12 for the same distance, and that's before you factor in the higher maintenance costs of a traditional engine. There's also the added bonus that electric planes are just much more pleasant to fly in. No loud engine noise, no smell of fuel, just environmentally friendly peace and quiet.
While there has been real progress in the e-plane industry, the technical challenges that remain are keeping everyone's feet firmly on the ground. A battery, even a lithium one, only provides 250 watt-hours per kilogram; compare this to liquid fuel, which has a specific energy of 11, 890 watt-hours per kilogram. Carrying adequate batteries, however, would make the plane too heavy to get off the ground. In aircraft, where every bit of weight counts, this can't just be ignored.
3.The expression "added bonus" refers to the fact that electric planes .
A.give passengers more pleasant views B.bring airlines more financial benefits
C.offer more enjoyable flying experiences D.cost less in maintenance than traditional ones
【答案】3.C
【解析】1.本文是一篇说明文。主要谈及了绿色航空的现状并展望了未来。
3.词义猜测题。根据文章第三段第二句"electric planes are just much more pleasant to fly in."和第三句"No loud engine noise, no smell of fuel, just environmentally friendly peace and quiet."可知电动飞机驾驶起来会更加愉快。没有响亮的发动机噪音，没有燃油味，只有环境友好的和平与宁静，即令人愉快的飞行经历。故答案为：C。
23． 2020.5天津卷（D篇）
Studying a subject that you feel pointless is never a fun or easy task. If you're studying history, asking yourself the question "why is history important" is a very good first step. History is an essential part of human civilization. You will find something here that will arouse your interest, or get you thinking about the significance of history.
History grounds us in our roots. History is an important and interesting field of study, and learning the history of our home country can give us a deeper, more meaningful glimpse（一瞥） into our ancestral pasts, and how we got to where we are today. Many people feel like they need a sense of cultural belonging, which is something that studying your roots and being open-minded to the evolution of your culture can provide.
History enriches our experience. Reading history is an amazing experience because it enables us to reflect on the social and economic life of the people living long time ago. According to the experts, problems faced by people regardless of the past and present are the same. With the information about the ancestors, one can become more experienced in handling challenges of life.
History makes us more empathetic（具有共情能力的）. Studying history can give us insight（洞察力） into why our culture does certain things, and how the past has shaped it into what we know now. It also provides a rather strong foundation for empathy across cultures. Fear and hate for others is usually caused by ignorance（无知）. We're scared of the things that we don't understand. History has the potential to break down those boundaries by offering us insight into entire worlds that would otherwise be foreign to us.
History can inspire us to learn more. What's fantastic about history is the way it broadens our horizons. It's almost impossible to learn about one historical period without having dozens of questions about related concepts. Study the 19th century England, and you might catch a glimpse of Charles Dickens' Oliver Twist. Look up Charles Dickens, and you might learn a thing or two about realism. Or maybe you end up switching your attention away from novels, and discover the history of romantic poets in England. It can go anywhere, and there is something in there for absolutely anybody.
The value of history cannot be underestimated. We don't have to live in the past, but we can definitely do better by learning from it and using the lessons learnt to lead more meaningful lives.
1.The underlined part "where we are today" in Para. 2 probably means .
A.the turning point in our history B.the present state of our nation
C.the location of our homeland D.the total area of our country
【答案】 1.B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了历史是人类文明的重要组成部分，从5个方面说明了学习历史的重要性。
1.词义猜测题。本句句意：了解我们祖国的历史可以让我们更深入、更有意义地了解我们祖先的过去，以及我们是如何走到今天这一步的。可知此处是指我们国家的现状之意。故答案为：B。
24． 2020全国卷II C 篇
When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list, fur probably didn’t cross your mind. But some ecologists and fashion (时装) enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for fur made from nutria (海狸鼠).
Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur made into clothes in different styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur — unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year,” says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.
Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail. Some of the fur ends up in the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month.
Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. “The ecosystem down there can’t handle this non-native species (物种). It’s destroying the environment. It’s them or us,” says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field.
The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades, but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s, the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.
30. ( )What does the underlined word “collapsed” in paragraph 5 probably mean?
A. Boomed. B. Became mature. C. Remained stable. D. Crashed.
【答案】30.D
词义猜测题。根据第五段"but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s, the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy."可知，只有在海狸鼠市场倒闭或者崩溃之后，海狸鼠才开始疯狂扩大数量，collapse为崩溃的意思。故选D。
25． 2020全国卷III B 篇
When “Rise of the Planet of the Apes” was first shown to the public last month, a group of excited animal activists gathered on Hollywood Boulevard. But they weren’t there to throw red paint on fur-coat-wearing film stars. Instead, one activist, dressed in a full-body monkey suit, had arrived with a sign praising the filmmakers: “Thanks for not using real apes (猿)!”
The creative team behind “Apes” used motion-capture (动作捕捉) technology to create digitalized animals, spending tens of millions of dollars on technology that records an actor’s performance and later processes it with computer graphics to create a final image (图像). In this case, one of a realistic-looking ape.
Yet “Apes” is more exception than the rule. In fact, Hollywood has been hot on live animals lately. One nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatment of animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs on more than 2,000 productions this year. Already, a number of films, including “Water for Elephants,” “The Hangover Part II” and “Zookeeper,” have drawn the anger of activists who say the creatures acting in them haven’t been treated properly.
26. ( )What does the underlined phrase “keeping tabs on” in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Listing completely. B. Directing professionally.
C. Promoting successfully. D. Watching carefully.
【答案】26.D
词句猜测题。根据第三段划线前的句子"One nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatment or animals in filmed entertainment"（一个非营利组织，监控动物在电影娱乐中的待遇）以及下文Already, a number of films, … them haven't been treated properly.（许多电影，包括 "大象的眼泪" , "宿醉Ⅱ" 和 "管理员" , 引起了动物保护人士的愤怒，他们说影片中的动物没有遭到很好的对待。）由此可知，其中一家监控动物待遇的非营利组织，今年正密切关注着2000多部影片。由此判断出，划线词的意思是 "密切关注" 。故选D项。
26． 2020江苏卷 C 篇
For those who can stomach it, working out before breakfast may be more beneficial for health than eating first, according to a study of meal timing and physical activity.
Athletes and scientists have long known that meal timing affects performance. However, far less has been known about how meal timing and exercise might affect general health.
To find out, British scientists conducted a study. They first found 10 overweight and inactive but otherwise healthy young men, whose lifestyles are, for better and worse, representative of those of most of us. They tested the men’s fitness and resting metabolic (新陈代谢的) rates and took samples (样品) of their blood and fat tissue.
Then, on two separate morning visits to the scientists’ lab, each man walked for an hour at an average speed that, in theory, should allow his body to rely mainly on fat for fuel. Before one of these workouts, the man skipped breakfast, meaning that they exercised on a completely empty stomach after a long overnight fast (禁食). On the other occasion, they ate a rich morning meal about two hours before they started walking.
61. ( ) The underlined expression “stomach it” in Paragraph 1 most probably means “ ”.
A. digest the meal easily B. manage without breakfast
C. decide wisely what to eat D. eat whatever is offered
【答案】61.B
词句猜测题。根据下文working out before breakfast may be more beneficial for health than eating first早餐前锻炼可能比先吃饭再锻炼更健康，可知，这里说的是那些不吃早饭先锻炼的人，因此推测画线词部分与B项“不吃早饭能应付”意思相近。故选B。
27． 2020年新高考全国Ⅰ卷(山东卷） C 篇
In the mid-1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months, physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.
His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land, and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his colorful English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers.
This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker side of society. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a mountain funeral (葬礼) followed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats stuck miles from the sea.
Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-rounded picture of Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes. His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his delicate stomach. As the author explains, this is neither a travel nor a history book, or even a piece of reportage. Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions.
9. ( )What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A. Developing a serious mental disease. B. Taking a guided tour in Central Asia.
C. Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. D. Writing an article about the Aral Sea.
【答案】9.D
代词指代题。根据第一段最后一句A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.（几年后，仍然被这个国家所吸引。他回到乌兹别克斯坦写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章）可知，that指代写了一篇关于死海消失的文章这件事。故选D。
28． 2020年新高考全国Ⅰ卷(山东卷）D篇
According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions (份), it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.
2.What does the underlined word "beanpoles" in Paragraph 1 refer to?
A.Big eaters. B.Overweight persons.
C.Picky eaters. D.Tall thin persons.
【答案】2.D
【解析】
2.词义猜测题。根据前半句And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions可知，现有的研究认为，你应该避免和体重较重、点大份饭菜的人一起吃饭。后半句认为，你真正应该避免的是the beanpoles with big appetites。由contrary to可推断出，画线词和heavier people（超重的人）相反，结合选项可知，D选项（瘦瘦高高的人）正好和heavier people相反。故选D。
29． 2020海南（B篇）
My imaginary Grandma's Box worked like magic that spring, and later. Sometimes students would ask me to describe all the things I had in it. Then I would try to remember the different possessions I supposedly had taken away-since I seldom actually kept them. Usually the offender would appear at the end of the day, and I would return the belonging.
2.What do the underlined words "the offender" in paragraph 8 refer to?
A.The student's parent. B.The maker of the Grandma's Box.
C.The author's grandchild. D..The owner of the forbidden fruit.
【答案】2D
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲叙了作者为收集学生们带到学校的玩具，想出了一个 "奶奶的盒子" 的办法。到后来，作者的第一个孙子出生，学生们也不再来要求归还他们的财物了，作者也在某一年圣诞节收到了儿子制作的大木箱，将 "奶奶的盒子" 变成了现实。
2. 词义猜测题。根据划线词后文 "I would return the belonging." 结合上文提到作者把学生带到学校的玩具称为 "禁果" ，且作者的 "盒子" 里装的就是 "禁果" ，所以作者等到这些禁果的拥有者在一天结束的时候出现，然后就会归还他们的物品。由此可知，划线词意思为 "禁果的拥有者" 。故选：D。
四、模拟演练
（1）
An advertisement is just like a Somebody Else says quotation(引语) in a news story. The newspaper does not say that what the advertiser says is true. All the newspaper says is, “This is what the advertiser says.” To find out whether it is true or not will be left to the reader. All the statements in the ads are the advertiser’s statements, not the paper’s.
Q: What does “Somebody Else” in the paragraph refer to?
A. The editor of the paper. B. The reader of the paper.
C. The author of the passage. D. The advertiser of the ads.
（2）
Emma had never read it, nor had she ever purchased a copy. But, when she opened it up, she was floored to see her own name and address inside the cover, in her own handwriting. It turned out that the summer before, at a concert back in Montreal, Emma had met a Californian who was in town visiting friends. They decided to exchange addresses, but neither of them had any paper. The man had opened up a book he was carrying in his backpack and asked Emma to write her name and address inside. When he returned to California, he left the book behind in Montreal, and his friend Alex kept it. When Alex later relocated to Jerusalem, he took the now-treasured book along.
Q: What does the underlined word “floored” in the paragraph mean?
A. interested B. shocked C. frightened D. excited
（3）
Oxygen is vital to life; it is needed by the body cells of all animals. It is also very useful in industry. The method Priestley used produces only small quantities. The large amounts needed for industry are produced in a different way. Air is put into containers under great pressure. This turns it into liquid and makes it very cold. It is then gradually warmed up and each substance evaporates at a different temperature. The boiling point of oxygen is -183°C. It is caught and stored in strong steel cylinders at a pressure of 136 atmospheres. The process is known as fractional distillation.
Q: Which word has the rough meaning of “vital”?
A. important B. useful C. helpful D. interesting
（4）
These different kinds of learning disabilities are known by different names. For example, a person who has difficulty reading may have dyslexia. Someone who cannot do mathematics may have a disorder called dyscalculia(计算困难).
Q: The underlined word “dyslexia” in the paragraph probably means _______.
A. difficulty in seeing B. problem in reading
C. trouble in listening D. brain disorder
（5）
A child’s birthday party doesn’t have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun, according to Beth Anaclerio, an Evaston mother of two, ages 4 and 18 months.
Q: What does the underlined word “hassle” probably mean in the paragraph?
A. a party designed by specialists
B. a plan requiring careful thought
C. a situation causing difficulty or trouble
D. a demand made by guests
（6）
And if you’ve gathered your friends around you to rebuild a happy family atmosphere(气氛), you may fear that saying no will bring back the kind of conflict you grew up with— or destroy the nice atmosphere you now enjoy.
Q: The underlined word “conflict” in the paragraph means .
A. dependent life B. fierce fight C. bad manners D. painful feeling
（7）
“She is ashamed and embarrassed but doesn’t really have any explanation why she did this,” Miss Duff said. “She didn’t intend to steal when she went into the store. She is at a loss to explain it. She is otherwise a very respectable and intelligent young lady .She went to her doctor and asked for advice because she wants to know if there is anything in particular that caused her to do this.”
Q: What does the underlined sentence “She is at a loss to explain it” mean?
A. In her opinion it was a loss to the clothes shops where she stole things.
B. She doesn’t have any idea why she has the desire to steal from shops.
C. She thinks it is a loss for her to explain why she stole things from shops.
D. Personally she feels ashamed and embarrassed for her shoplifting actions.
（8）
One of the best-known sayings must be “Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wisdom”. The promises of health, wealth, and wisdom to those who join the teams of early retirees and rises must be particularly pleasing to many people in our modern society.
Q: The underlined word “ retiree” here refers to_________.
A. people who give up their work B. people who have a lot of free time
C. people who go to bed D. people who live in a quiet place
（9）
The reasons for a visit to lighthouse are not all so backward-looking(思想过时的) in time. It is true that lighthouses were built in out-of-the-way places. But on a pleasant sunny summer day, this very isolation has a natural beauty that many people will love to experience.
Q: The underlined phrase “out-of-the-way” probably means __________.
A. far-away B. dangerous C. ancient D. secret
（10）
Our own native language and culture are so much a part of us that we take them for granted. When we travel to another country, it’s as if we carry along with our passports. We view the new environment using our own culture as the standard, and although not purposely, our ways of thinking and acting often get in the way of our understanding other languages and cultures. The ability and willingness to change lenses(视角) when we look at a different culture is both the cure and prevention for such cultural blindness. Studying a new language provides us the opportunities to practise changing lenses when we also learn the context or the culture to which it belongs.
Q: The underlined word “it” in the last sentence refers to __________.
A. the context B. the culture C. the language D. the opportunity
答案与解析：
（1）D。根据下文中All the newspaper says is, “This is what the advertiser says.”可推知，文章中的Somebody Else指的是做广告的人。
（2）B。从上文可知，在一个从未到过的地方，在一本从未读过的书的封面，看到自己亲笔写的姓名和地址，当然感到“震惊”。此处“But”是关键提示。
（3）A。根据下句“氧是所有动物细胞所必不可少的元素”的内容，判断出氧非常“重要”。
（4）B。由下句“Someone who cannot do mathematics may have a disorder called dyscalculia(计算困难).”不能做数学题的人可能患有一种被称为计算困难的疾病可以推断dyslexia的意思为“阅读困难”。
（5）C。通过上下句A child’s birthday party doesn’t have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun.可以看出，hassle和a basket of fun肯定是近乎相反的意义。所以不难判断，答案为C。
（6）B。由破折号后的or可知，前后两句的意思相近，她不想失去或破坏这个友好氛围，否则就又让她回到以前的“冲突”中。答案为B。
（7）B。从上文中她进入商店时并没打算偷窃，以及下文谈到她去看医生可以推知她不知道自己为什么会有偷窃的欲望可知答案为B。
（8）C。根据谚语“Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wisdom”以及retirees和risers的对比关系不难猜出retiree是“睡觉的人”。
（9）A。由合成词out-of-the-way的字面意思和下句中的isolation一词可知，灯塔通常“孤零零”地呆在一个地方，因此答案为A。
（10）C。本段主要讲述语言和文化的关系。结合最后一句话可知，学习一门新的语言给我们提供一个崭新的视觉，从而使得我们更好地把握语言依附的文化环境。由此知道这里的it指代语言。
专题10 阅读理解之猜词题（解析版）
猜词悟义是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考阅读理解中必考的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。同时，考生应掌握一些猜词技巧，通过定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、同义、反义、构词、常识及上下文线索等确定词义。
一、思维导图
二、方法点拨
1. 设问方式
• The underlined word “ … ” refers to/ (probably) means .
• “…” as used in the passage can best be defined as…
• What do you think the expression “…” stands for?
• What does the underlined word “…” refer to in the last paragraph?
• Which of the following words can take the place of the word “ … ”?
• The underlined word “…” could best be replaced by…
• Which of the following has the closest meaning to the word “ … ”?
• What does the author mean by “…” in paragraph 2?
2. 七大技巧
1.根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测
有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释。标点符号，如逗号后的解释(名词同位语)、破折号后的解释、括号内的解释等。这都是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。例如：
例子1
Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nationstate and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.
29．Which of the following best explains “dominant” underlined in paragraph 2?
A．Complex. B．Advanced.
C．Powerful. D．Modern.
[分析] 根据画线词所在句子可知，人类社会发展的很多因素导致许多语言消失，而逐渐被英语、西班牙语、汉语等语言取代，画线词前后的解释暗示了这些语言逐渐占主导地位，故选C项powerful (强大的，有影响力的)。
【真题小练 】 (浙江2019.6 阅读理解B）
Money with no strings attached. It’s not something you see every day. But at Union
Station in Los Angeles last month, a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with
pins and a sign that read, "Give What You Can, Take What You Need."
( )What does the expression "money with no strings attached" in paragraph 1 mean?
A.Money spent without hesitation. B.Money not legally made.
C.Money offered without conditions. D.Money not tied together.
2.根据同位关系进行猜测
阅读中出现的难词有时后面紧跟一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释，因此可利用同位关系对前面的词义或句意进行猜测。例如：
例子2
I am Peter Hodes, a volunteer stem cell courier. Since March 2012, I've done 89 trips — of those, 51 have been abroad. I have 42 hours to carry stem cells (干细胞) in my little box because I've got two ice packs and that's how long they last. In all, from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor (捐献者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient, we've got 72 hours at most. So I am always conscious of time.
29．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “courier” in Paragraph 1?
A．provider B．delivery man
C．collector D．medical doctor
[分析] “a volunteer stem cell courier”是“Peter Hodes”的同位语；根据文中“I have 42 hours to carry stem cells (干细胞) in my little box”可知，Peter Hodes的任务就是将捐献者捐献的干细胞运送给需要的病人，即作者是干细胞递送员。故选择B项。
3.根据构词法(前缀、后缀、派生等)进行猜测
在英语中，有很多词可以通过增加前缀和后缀的方式，构成新词。乍看起来，这个词可能是新词，但在掌握了一定的构词知识之后，就不难猜出它的词义。例如：
①“Our parties are aimed for children 2 to 10，” Anaclerio said, “and they're very interactive and creative in that they built a sense of drama based on a subject.”
文中interactive是由前缀inter(相互的)和active(活动的，活跃的)构成的，同时根据上下文的意思可以判断，该词的含义应是“互动的”。
②Perhaps, we can see some possibilities for next fifty years. But the next hundred?
possibility是possible的同根名词，据此可以判断possibility的意思是“可能性”。
例子3
A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness,_or worry.
[分析] 根据构词法知识我们可知，un为否定前缀，ness为名词后缀，easy(舒适)为词根。因此，我们可猜测uneasiness为“不安；担忧”之意。
(全国II 2014 阅读理解A）
My husband rushed to their home to find a kind family holding all papers and documents. Their young daughter had gone to the trash can and found a pile of unfamiliar papers...At last they had seen a half-written letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend. That family not only returned the important documents to us that day, but also restored our faith and trust in people. We still remember their kindness and often send a warm wish their way.
( )What does the underlined word “restored” in the last paragraph mean?
A. showed. B. sent out. C. delivered. D. gave back
4.根据因果关系进行猜测
在一篇阅读文章中，根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。例如：
例子4
If you have a_juicer,_you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a “softserve” creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a children's party; they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.
26．What is “a juicer” in the last paragraph?
A．A dessert. B．A drink.
C．A container. D．A machine.
[分析] 该段第一句含有一个if引导的条件状语从句，若满足该条件，则产生的结果是第一句的后半句和第二句， “you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a ‘softserve’ creamy dessert, to be eaten right away.” 即“将冰冻香蕉和其他莓类、水果片放进去，出来的是奶油状甜品”。由此因果关系可推知juicer指的是榨汁机。故选择D项。
5.根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测
文章中的代词it, that, he, him或them可以指代上文提到的人或物，其中it和that还可以指代一件事。有时代词指代的对象相隔较远，要认真查找；有时也需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的事物。例如：
例子5
[2]Despite the celebrations, though, in the U．S.the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.
[3]It's Jason Moran's job to help change that.As the Kennedy Center's artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.
…
29．What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A．Jazz becoming more accessible.
B．The production of jazz growing faster.
C．Jazz being less popular with the young.
D．The jazz audience becoming larger.
[分析] 根据语境可知，画线词that指代第二段“Despite the celebrations, though, in the U．S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.”的内容，即爵士乐听众的数量减少并且趋于老龄化，不受年轻人喜欢的现状。故选C。
6.根据同义或近义关系进行猜测
在同一句、同一段或同一篇文章中，作者为了避免语言的单调、重复，有时会使用意思相同或相近的词。因此，考生只要读懂上下文，知道其中一个词的意思，就能猜出另外一个词的意思。
[例] (2018·全国卷Ⅲ阅读D节选)
Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume that more_is_more when it comes to kids and their belongings? The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less.
例子6…
32．What do the words “more is more” in paragraph 1 probably mean?
A．The more, the better.
B．Enough is enough.
C．More money, more worries.
D．Earn more and spend more.
[分析] 根据该段第一句“Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects.”可知，作者认为成年人都理解物质过剩的那种感觉，后面又用反问句提出了问题：但是，说到孩子们和他们的物品，我们为什么通常又认定more is more呢？由此推知，这里的 more is more与前面的 flooded with为近义呼应，指“越多越好”。故选A。
7.根据转折或对比关系进行猜测
根据上下句的连接词，如but, however, otherwise等可以推断上下文之间的逻辑关系，从而可以依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。另外，分号也可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义。例如：
①A child's birthday party doesn't have to be a hassle;_it can be a basket of fun.
从分号前后两句的意思可以看出，hassle和a basket of fun是相反的意义，所以不难判断hassle的意思是“困难，麻烦”。
②She is usually prompt for all her class, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.
but一词表示转折，因此but前后的意思正好相反。根据后半句的意思“她今天第一节课上了一半才来”，可得出她平时一向“准时”的结论。
③The players in the World Cup are professionals, while those who play in the Olympics must be amateurs.
由于转折词“while”引导的两个分句前后意义相反，我们可推测出amateurs是professionals(专业人士)的反义词，意思为“业余人士，业余选手”。
例子7…
Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development. By the 1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were fewer humans around.
…
29．What does the underlined word “displaced” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Tested. B．Separated.
C．Forced out. D．Tracked down.
[分析] 画线词的前句说明在黄石公园和美洲大部分地区曾有许多的灰狼，连词but转折了句子意义，后来由于人类的发展，灰狼数量逐渐减少，几乎消失，由此可推断出画线词的意思为“被迫离开”，故选择C项。
三、高考真题
1． 2022年6月新高考1卷C篇
Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said: “Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.”
Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.”
30. What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in paragraph 7?
A. Improve. B. Oppose. C. Begin. D. Evaluate.
【答案】28. D 29. B 30. C 31. A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了旨在减少孤独，改善老年人的健康状况的项目。
【30题详解】词义猜测题。根据文章倒数第二段“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here. (居民们非常欢迎该项目的想法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣)”以及划线处前的“one of the first (第一批人之一)”可知Wendy Wilson是着手这项工程的人之一，划线处的含义与C项：“Begin (开始)”含义相近。故选C。
2． 2022年6月全国甲卷 C篇
As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins (企鹅) longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.
Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career (职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.
28. Which of the following best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2?
A. Try challenging things. B. Take a degree.
C. Bring back lost memories. D. Stick to a promise.
【答案】28. A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了71岁的Ginni Balinton从小就对旅行有着深深的热爱，渴望探险，不再跳舞和孩子们成家立业之后，她开始周游世界，并在2008年开始了前往南极洲的旅程。
【28题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段划线词前文“Throughout her career(职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. (在她的职业舞蹈演员生涯中，她曾在英国巡演，但一直渴望进一步探索)”和“When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest (当她不再跳舞，她的儿子们最终独立生活)”可知，Ginni在退休和儿子们成家立业之后，她决定尝试有挑战性的事情。由此推知，划线词组take the plunge与try challenging things“尝试有挑战性的事情”意思接近。故选A。
3． 2022年6月全国乙卷C篇
That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts.
29. What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Personnel safety. B. Assistance from drones.
C. Inspection and repair. D. Construction of infrastructure.
【答案】 29. C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。应用今天的“空中之眼”的技术，无人机能在保证铁路安全可靠的同时又能帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元。
【29题详解】
词义猜测题。根据后文“It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. (据统计，仅欧洲铁路公司每年在铁路维护上的花费就约为200亿欧元，其中包括经常在夜间派遣维修人员检查和维修铁路基础设施)”可知花在maintenance上的费用是用于“inspect and repair the rail infrastructure （检查和维修铁路基础设施”，由此可知“That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety”是指大幅节省检修成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全，划线词和 C项：Inspection and repair(检修)含义相近。故选C。
4． 2022年6月北京卷D篇
As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers may mislead investors, journalists, the public and, worst of all, themselves about their work’s potential. If researchers can’t keep their promises, excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns. Lots of other technologies have gone through stages of excitement. But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype, Johnson suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands for something cool you shouldn’t be able to understand.” And that brings me back to Taylor, who suggested that I read his book Q for Quantum.
33. What does the underlined word “prone” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?
A. Open. B. Cool. C. Useful. D. Resistant.
【答案 33. A
【解题导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要论述了“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”，计算机科学家克里斯·约翰逊和物理学家菲利普·泰勒分别阐明了自己的观点。
33.【解析】
词义猜测题。根据第三自然段“But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype, Johnson suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands for something cool you shouldn’t be able to understand.”（ 但约翰逊表明，量子计算的某些方面使得它特别 prone被炒作，可能是因为“量子”代表了一些你不应该理解的酷东西。”）”可知，本句中含有一个原因状语从句，因为““量子”代表了一些你不应该理解的酷东西”，所以它特别容易被炒作。故prone意为“易于……的”。A. Open.开放的；易受损害的；B. Cool. 酷的；C. Useful. 有用的；D. Resistant. 有抵抗力的。故选A。
5． 2022年6月浙江卷 C
How long we stay on the clock and how we spend that time are under careful examination in many workplaces. The young banker who eats lunch at his desk is probably seen as a go-getter, while his colleagues who chat over a relaxed conference-room meal get dirty looks from the corner office. “People from cultures that value relationships more than ours does are shocked by the thought of eating alone in front of a computer”, says Art Markman, a professor of psychology at the University of Texas, Austin. Social interaction has been shown to lift mood(情绪) and get people thinking in new directions and in ways that could help improve any post-lunch effort.
9. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. A good thinker is able to inspire other people.
B. Experience unrelated to your job is useless.
C. A cheerful mood helps make a creative mind.
D. Focusing on what you do raises productivity.
【答案】 9. C
【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了许多人认为工作到最大限度是成功的秘诀，但研究发现，适度的工作也会带来成果。所以要适度工作，工作时要有积极的情绪，这会让自己在工作中更有效率。
【8题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线单词下文“while his colleagues who chat over a relaxed conference-room meal get dirty looks from the corner office.(而他那些在会议室吃饭时闲聊的同事们则在角落办公室里得到不屑的目光。)”可知，while前后是对比关系，那些在会议室吃饭时闲聊的同事会得到别人不屑的目光，即被认为不努力工作，相反，那些在办公桌前吃午饭的年轻银行家可能被视为是一个努力工作以求成功的人，由此可知，划线单词go-getter，指的是那些努力工作以求成功的人，故选B。
6． 2022年1月浙江卷 A
For nearly a decade now,Merebeth has been a self-employed pet transport specialist. Her pet transport job was born of the financial crisis（危机）in the late 2000s．The downturn hit the real estate（房地产）firm where she had worked for ten years as an office manager.The firm went broke and left her looking for a new job.One day,while driving near her home,she saw a dog wandering on the road, clearly lost. She took it home,and her sister in Denver agreed to take it. This was a loving home for sure,but 1,600 miles away.It didn’t take long for Merebeth to decide to drive the dog there herself. It was her first road trip to her new job.
Merebeth's pet delivery service satisfies her wanderlust. It has taken her to every state in the US except Montana,Washington and Oregon,she says proudly.If she wants to visit a new place, she will simply find a pet with transport needs there.She travels in all weathers.She has driven through 55 mph winds in Wyoming , heavy flooding and storms in Alabama and total whiteout conditions in Kansas.
22.The word “wanderlust" in paragraph 2 means a desire to ?
A.make money. B.try various jobs.
C.be close to nature. D.travel to different places.
【答案】22. D
【解析】：本文是一篇记叙文，主要叙述了Merebeth 由于公司破产失业后，在机缘巧合下成为宠物运送员，不仅帮助了动物，而且收获了旅行带来的精神自由。
第22题 猜测词义题。根据第一段It has taken her to every state in the US except Montana, Washington and Oregon, she says proudly. 意思为：她很骄傲的说,这个工作带她到了全美国除蒙大拿,华盛顿,俄勒冈以外的所有的州。可知，她很喜欢到不同的地方旅行。以及第二段：This wanderlust is inherited from her father, she says. He moved their family from Canada to California when she was one year old, because he wanted them to explore a new place together. 遗传自她的父亲也喜欢探索新地方。故答案选D。
7． 2021年6月北京卷 C
Hundreds of scientists, writers and academics sounded a warning to humanity in an open letter published last December: Policymakers and the rest of us must engage openly with the risk of global collapse. Researchers in many areas have projected the widespread collapse as "a credible scenario（情景）this century".
A survey of scientists found that extreme weather events, food insecurity, and freshwater shortages might create global collapse. Of course, if you are a non-human species, collapse is well underway.
The call for public engagement with the unthinkable is especially germane in this moment of still-uncontrolled pandemic and economic crises in the world's most technologically advanced nations. Not very long ago, it was also unthinkable that a virus would shut down nations and that safety nets would be proven so disastrously lacking in flexibility.
The international scholars' warning letter doesn't say exactly what collapse will look like or when it might happen. Collapseology, the study of collapse, is more concerned with identifying trends and with them the dangers of everyday civilization. Among the signatories（签署者）of the warning was Bob Johnson, the originator of the "ecological footprint" concept, which measures the total amount of environmental input needed to maintain a given lifestyle. With the current footprint of humanity, "it seems that global collapse is certain to happen in some form, possibly within a decade, certainly within this century, " Johnson said in an email.
Only if we discuss the consequences of our biophysical limits, the December warning letter says, can we have the hope to reduce their "speed, severity and harm". And yet messengers of the coming disturbance are likely to be ignored. We all want to hope things will turn out fine. As a poet wrote,
Man is a victim of dope（麻醉品）
In the incurable form of hope.
The hundreds of scholars who signed the letter are intent（执着）on quieting hope that ignores preparedness. "Let's look directly into the issue of collapse, " they say, "and deal with the terrible possibilities of what we see there to make the best of a troubling future."
1.What does the underlined word "germane" in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A.Scientific. B.Credible. C.Original. D.Relevant.
2.As for the public awareness of global collapse, the author is .
A.worried B.puzzled C.surprised D.scared
答案1D 2A 3B
解析：本文介绍了在这个世界上技术最先进的国家仍然无法控制的流行病和经济危机的时刻，呼吁公众参与不可思议的事情显得尤为密切相关。作者同时也表达了对全球崩溃的认识的担忧。
1.词义猜测题。根据原文第三段 "The call for public engagement with the unthinkable is especially germane in this moment of still-uncontrolled pandemic and economic crises in the world's most technologically advanced nations."在这个世界上技术最先进的国家仍然无法控制的流行病和经济危机的时刻，呼吁公众参与不可思议的事情显得尤为密切相关。可知第3段中带下划线的单词"germane"可能是 "相关的" 意思。A.scientific科学的；B.credible可信的；C.original原件的；D.relevant相关的。故选D。
2观点态度题。根据原文第五段 "And yet messengers of the coming disturbance are likely to be ignored. We all want to hope things will turn out fine." 然而，即将到来的动乱的信息很可能被忽视。我们都希望事情会好起来。可知至于公众对全球崩溃的认识，作者是担心的。A.worried担心的；B.puzzled担心的；C.surprised困惑的；D.scared害怕的。故选A。
8． 2021年6月新高考I卷（C篇）
When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans have taken care of these precious natural resourses wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl（水禽）were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat（栖息地）.
2.What does the underlined word "decimate" mean in the first paragraph?
A.Acquire. B.Export. C.Destroy. D.Distribute.
【答案】2.C
【文章大意】本文为说明文，讲述了美国为了保护“水禽”颁布了一项政策，狩猎者需要购买相关水禽类邮票，然后政府把售卖所得款拨给候鸟保护基金组织。
2词义猜测题。根据题干信息first paragraph定位到第一段：Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. 根据Unfortunately（不幸地是）可知，此处与前文 "taken care of" 形成对比，故此处应表示 "损害、毁坏" 。原文译为：不幸地是，这些探险者和定居者只花了几十年的时间就毁掉了这些资源的很大一部分。故选C。
9． 2021年6月新高考二卷B篇
As they grew more mobile, we let them move freely around the house during the day, but when we were asleep we had to contain them in a large room, otherwise they'd get up to mischief. We'd come down in the morning to find they'd turned the room upside down, and left it looking like a zoo.
5. What do the underlined words “get up to mischief” mean in paragraph 3?
A. Behave badly. B. Lose their way.
C. Sleep soundly. D. Miss their mom.
【答案】5. A
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者为了保证两只老虎幼崽的存活，决定在家里全天候照顾它们。介绍了老虎在作者家生活的情况以及作者照顾老虎的感受。
【5题详解】词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“As they grew more mobile, we let them move freely around the house during the day, but when we were asleep we had to contain them in a large room, otherwise they'd ”（随着它们的活动越来越多，我们白天让它们在房子里自由活动，但当我们睡觉时，我们必须把它们关在一个大房间里，否则它们会）以及后文“We'd come down in the morning to find they'd turned the room upside down, and left it looking like a zoo.”（我们早上下楼时发现他们把房间弄得乱七八糟，让它看起来像个动物园。）可知，作者不得不把老虎们在一个大房间里，否则它们就会调皮捣蛋，表现不好。早上下楼时发现他们把房间弄得乱七八糟，看起来像个动物园。故画线词意思是“表现不好”。故选A。
10． 2021年6月全国甲卷（C篇）
When I was 9, we packed up our home in Los Angeles and arrived at Heathrow, London on a gray January morning. Everyone in the family settled quickly into the city except me. Without my beloved beaches and endless blue-sky days, I felt at a loss and out of place. Until I made a discovery.
Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, where the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing. I loved it. I soon made friends with the local skaters. We spoke our own language. And my favorite: Safe. Safe meant cool. It meant hello. It meant don't worry about it. Once, when trying a certain trick on the beam（橫杆）, I fell onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Toby came over, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards loud, shouting: "Safe! Safe! Safe!" And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater.
2.What do the underlined words "Safe! Safe! Safe!" probably mean?
A.Be careful! B.Well done! C.No way! D.Don't worry.
【答案】 2B
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文，作者会议小时候在英国南岸这个伦敦滑板手们段圣地以及和他们一块度过的美好时光。
2词义猜测题。根据题干关键词 "Safe! Safe! Safe! " 定位在原文第三段 "And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater. 这就是重要的着陆技巧，成为一名优秀的滑冰运动员。" 表示做得好，所以应该是鼓励的话语。故选B项。
11． 2021.6全国乙卷B篇
Still, 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter (29%) rely only on their smartphones, according to a survey（调查）. Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third concede that it's not really necessary and they're keeping it as a security blanket—19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies. I think my home falls into that category.
2What does the underlined word "concede" in paragraph 3 mean?
A.Admit. B.Argue. C.Remember. D.Remark.
词义猜测题。根据题干信息concede，定位到第三段Still, 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home… Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third concede that it's not really necessary…。分析可知，虽然55%的人的家中都还有座机，但他们中的三分之一的人认为座机其实并不十分必要。由此我们可以推测，这些人在说it's not necessary的时候是在承认这件事。故选A。
12． 2021年6月浙江卷B篇
In the past few years, an increasing number of people and organisations have begun coming up with plans to counter this trend. A couple of years ago, film-maker David Bond realised that his children, then aged five and three, were attached to screens to the point where he was able to say "chocolate" into his three-year-old son's ear without getting a response. He realised that something needed to change, and, being a London media type, appointed himself "marketing director for Nature". He documented his journey as he set about treating nature as a brand to be marketed to young people. The result was Project Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth of the Wild Network, a group of organisations with the common goal of getting children out into nature.
3.Which of the following can replace the underlined word "charts" in paragraph 2?
A.records B.predicts C.delays D.confirms
【答案】3.A
【文章大意】本文作者以自己的孩子为例存在着长时间盯着电子屏幕的问题，从而引出了电影导演 David Bond怎样激励自己的孩子们养成户外活动、锻炼身体的习惯的做法。
3.猜词题。根据第二段最后一句话句意”结果是 Project Wild Thing，一部描绘了 Wild Network 诞生的电影，Wild Network 是一组以让孩子们融入大自然为共同目标的组织。“可知，本句主要阐述作者拍摄的纪录片Project Wild Thing记录下了组织Wild Network的诞生，因此record（记录、记载）与所猜词汇最为接近，故选A。
13． 2021年3月天津卷B篇
The poignancy（酸楚）of Jordan retiring from his beloved basketball to play baseball and what had pushed him to make such a tough decision took me by surprise. As I watched him take off his basketball uniform and replace it with a baseball uniform, I saw him leaving behind the layer that no longer served him, just as our lizard had. Neither of them chose the moment that had transformed them. But they had to live with who they were after everything was different. Just like us. I realized that we have to learn to leave the past behind.
Humans do not shed skin（蜕皮）as easily as other animals. The beginning of change is upsetting. The process is tiring. Damage changes us before we are ready. I see our lizard, raw and nearly new.
Jordan said that no matter how it ends, it starts with hope. With our tender, hopeful skin, that is where we begin.
4.The underlined part "leaving behind the layer" in Paragraph 8 can be understood as .
A.letting go of the past B.looking for a new job
C.getting rid of a bad habit D.giving up an opportunity
【答案】4.A
【解析】文章大意：这是一篇夹叙夹议文。讲述了作者的丈夫刚刚丢了工作，这种不确定性开始影响到家人，直到作者看到家里的宠物蜥蜴换皮和观看了Michael Jordan的纪录片《最后的舞蹈》后，领悟到我们必须学会把过去抛在脑后，像蜥蜴一样，用我们柔嫩、充满希望的皮肤，作为人生的起点。
4.词义猜测题。根据画线词后文 "Neither of them chose the moment that had transformed them…Just like us. I realized that we have to learn to leave the past behind.（他们都没有选择那个改变了他们的时刻。但他们必须和自己生活在一起因为一切都变了。就像我们一样。我意识到我们必须学会把过去抛在脑后）" 可知，作者看着乔丹脱下篮球服，换上棒球服时，意识到看到他放开了过去，把过去抛在脑后了。即画线词意思是 "放D开过去"。故选：A。
14． 2021年1月浙江卷C篇
Chimps will check to see if they have the attention of the animal with which they wish to communicate. In one case, a mother presents her foot to her crying baby, signaling: "Climb on me." The youngster immediately jumps on to its mother's back and they travel off together. "The big message from this study is that there is another species（物种）out there that is meaningful in its communication, so that's not unique to humans, " said Dr Hobaiter.
Dr Susanne Shultz, an evolutionary biologist from the University of Manchester, said the study was praiseworthy in seeking to enrich our knowledge of the evolution of human language. But, she added, the results were "a little disappointing".
"The vagueness of the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little to communicate, or we are still missing a lot of the information contained in their gestures and actions, " she said. "Moreover, the meanings seem to not go beyond what other animals convey with non-verbal communication. So, it seems the gulf remains."
3.What does the underlined word "gulf" in the last paragraph mean?
A.Difference. B.Conflict.
C.Balance. D.Connection.
【答案】3.A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了黑猩猩的语言：使用手势来传递信息，以及相关研究和结论。
3.词义猜测题。 首先找到词汇对应的内容 "So, it seems the gulf remains", 根据这句话中的so可以判断前后句是因果关系，再结合前句的句意可以推断出选项中最接近gulf词义的单词为A选项Difference。故答案为A。
15． 2021 全国乙卷 B篇
When almost everyone has a mobile phone, why are more than half of Australian homes still paying for a landline（座机）?
These days you'd be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesn't own a mobile phone. In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket. Practically everyone can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime.
Still, 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter (29%) rely only on their smartphones, according to a survey（调查）. Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third concede that it's not really necessary and they're keeping it as a security blanket—19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies. I think my home falls into that category.
2.What does the underlined word "concede" in paragraph 3 mean?
A.Admit. B.Argue. C.Remember. D.Remark.
【答案】2A
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。当今世界上几乎所有人都有手机，但一半以上澳大利亚家庭仍然拥有座机，本文说明了出现这一现象的原因。
2词义猜测题。根据题干信息concede，定位到第三段Still, 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home… Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third concede that it's not really necessary…。分析可知，虽然55%的人的家中都还有座机，但他们中的三分之一的人认为座机其实并不十分必要。由此我们可以推测，这些人在说it's not necessary的时候是在承认这件事。故选A。
16． 2021新高考1卷C篇
When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans have taken care of these precious natural resourses wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl（水禽）were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat（栖息地）.
2.What does the underlined word "decimate" mean in the first paragraph?
A.Acquire. B.Export. C.Destroy. D.Distribute.
【答案】2.C
词义猜测题。根据题干信息first paragraph定位到第一段：Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. 根据Unfortunately（不幸地是）可知，此处与前文 "taken care of" 形成对比，故此处应表示 "损害、毁坏" 。原文译为：不幸地是，这些探险者和定居者只花了几十年的时间就毁掉了这些资源的很大一部分。故选C。
17． 2020全国卷I卷 B 篇
Returning to a book you’ve read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend. There’s a welcome familiarity — but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both, and thus the relationship. But books don’t change, people do. And that’s what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.
The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register. It’s true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings. But with reading, it’s all about the present. It’s about the now and what one contributes to the now, because reading is a give and take between author and reader. Each has to pull their own weight.
There are three books I reread annually. The first, which I take to reading every spring, is Ernest Hemingway’s A Moveable Feast. Published in 1964, it’s his classic memoir of 1920s Paris. The language is almost intoxicating (令人陶醉的 ), an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time. Another is Annie Dillard’s Holy the Firm, her poetic 1975 ramble ( 随 笔 ) about everything and nothing. The third book is Julio Cortázar’s Save Twilight: Selected Poems, because poetry. And because Cortázar.
While I tend to buy a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifts, which might add to the meaning I attach to them. But I imagine that, while money is indeed wonderful and necessary, rereading an author’s work is the highest currency a reader can pay them. The best books are the ones that open further as time passes. But remember, it’s you that has to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your friends.
26. ( )What does the underlined word “currency” in paragraph 4 refer to?
A. Debt. B. Reward. C. Allowance. D. Face value.
【答案】26.B
26. 词义猜测题。根据第四段第二句的内容 "But I imagine that, while money is… is the highest currency a reader can pay them." 可知，作者认为虽然金钱确实是美好的，也是必要的，但是重读作家的作品是读者能够支付给他们的最高currency。A. debt 借款；B. reward 报酬；C. allowance 津贴；D. face value（邮票、钱币、票等的）票面价值。结合选项可知，B选项的reward符合语境，指 "支付给他们的最高报酬" 。故选：B。
18． 2020北京卷D篇
Certain forms of AI are indeed becoming ubiquitous. For example, algorithms（算法）carry out huge volumes of trading on our financial markets, self-driving cars are appearing on city streets, and our smartphones are translating from one language into another. These systems are sometimes faster and more perceptive than we humans are. But so far that is only true for the specific tasks for which the systems have been designed. That is something that some AI developers are now eager to change.
1.What does the underlined word "ubiquitous" in Paragraph 1 probably mean?
A.Enormous in quantity. B.Changeable daily.
C.Stable in quality. D.Present everywhere.
【答案】 1.D 2.A 3.B4.A
【解析】（文章大意）这是一篇说明文。人工智能虽然正在变得无处不在，但是仍然存在着一些局限性。本文主要围绕着AGI，即通用人工智能进行了介绍。
1.词义猜测题。根据划线词后面举的例子"algorithms（算法）carry out huge volumes of trading on our financial markets, … and our smartphones are translating from one language into another."可知，算法在金融市场上执行大量交易，自动驾驶汽车出现在城市街道上，智能手机正在从一种语言翻译成另一种语言，这都是人工智能无处不在的表现，"ubiquitous" 意为 "无处不在的" 。故答案选：D。
19． 2020全国2. C篇
Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. "The ecosystem down there can't handle this non-native species（物种）. It's destroying the environment. It's them or us, " says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field.
The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades, but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s, the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.
Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana. He says it's not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it. Hunters bring in more than 300, 000 nutria tails a year, so part of Mouton's job these days is trying to promote fur.
3.What does the underlined word "collapsed" in paragraph 5 probably mean?
A.Boomed. B.Became mature.
C.Remained stable. D.Crashed.
【答案】3.D
【解析】【文章大意】本文主要讲述了海狸鼠这种动物对环境造成了破坏，因此环保主义者和时尚爱好者正在试图把海狸鼠的皮毛投入市场中。
3.词义猜测题。根据第五段"but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s, the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy."可知，只有在海狸鼠市场倒闭或者崩溃之后，海狸鼠才开始疯狂扩大数量，collapse为崩溃的意思。故选D。
20． 2020全国3. B篇
Yet "Apes" is more exception than the rule. In fact, Hollywood has been hot on live animals lately. One nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatment or animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs on more than 2, 000 productions this year. Already, a number of films, including "Water for Elephants", "The Hangover Part Ⅱ" and "Zookeeper", have drawn the anger of activists who say the creatures acting in them haven't been treated properly.
3.What does the underlined phrase "keeping tabs on" in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A.Listing completely. B.Directing professionally.
C.Promoting successfully. D.Watching carefully.
【答案3.D
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了电影 "猩球崛起" 上个月首次与公众见面。动物爱好者聚集在好莱坞前，感谢电影制作者，在电影拍摄时，没有使用真的类人猿。现在的动物拍摄使用的是数字化人猿的创造技术，而一些电影的拍摄却存在着虐地动物的现象，这让一个非盈利的组织密切关注此事。但有些拍摄也是不能够被监测到的。
3.词句猜测题。根据第三段划线前的句子"One nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatment or animals in filmed entertainment"（一个非营利组织，监控动物在电影娱乐中的待遇）以及下文Already, a number of films, … them haven't been treated properly.（许多电影，包括 "大象的眼泪" , "宿醉Ⅱ" 和 "管理员" , 引起了动物保护人士的愤怒，他们说影片中的动物没有遭到很好的对待。）由此可知，其中一家监控动物待遇的非营利组织，今年正密切关注着2000多部影片。由此判断出，划线词的意思是 "密切关注" 。故选D项。
21． 2020.7浙江卷（B篇）
The traffic signals along Factoria Boulevard in Bellevue, Washington, generally don't flash the same length of green twice in a row, especially at rush hour. At 9:30 am, the full red/yellow/green signal cycle might be 140 seconds. By 9:33 am, a burst of additional traffic might push it to 145 seconds. Less traffic at 9:37 am could push it down to 135. Just like the traffic itself, the timing of the signals changes.
1.What does the underlined word "that" in paragraph 2 refer to?
A.Increased length of green lights. B.Shortened traffic signal cycle.
C.Flexible timing of traffic signals. D.Smooth traffic flow on the road.
【答案】1.C
【解析】文章大意：本文主要讲了华盛顿Bellevue信号灯时间调整的原因以及研究过程。
1.词义猜测题。根据文章第一段最后一句"Just like the traffic itself, the timing of the signals changes"可知that指代的是信号灯时间的灵活变化，故选C。
22． 2020.5天津卷（C篇）
Making the skies electric isn't just good for the environment, it also makes sound financial sense: a small aircraft uses ＄400 on conventional fuel for a 100-mile flight, while an electric one costs ＄8—12 for the same distance, and that's before you factor in the higher maintenance costs of a traditional engine. There's also the added bonus that electric planes are just much more pleasant to fly in. No loud engine noise, no smell of fuel, just environmentally friendly peace and quiet.
While there has been real progress in the e-plane industry, the technical challenges that remain are keeping everyone's feet firmly on the ground. A battery, even a lithium one, only provides 250 watt-hours per kilogram; compare this to liquid fuel, which has a specific energy of 11, 890 watt-hours per kilogram. Carrying adequate batteries, however, would make the plane too heavy to get off the ground. In aircraft, where every bit of weight counts, this can't just be ignored.
3.The expression "added bonus" refers to the fact that electric planes .
A.give passengers more pleasant views B.bring airlines more financial benefits
C.offer more enjoyable flying experiences D.cost less in maintenance than traditional ones
【答案】3.C
【解析】1.本文是一篇说明文。主要谈及了绿色航空的现状并展望了未来。
3.词义猜测题。根据文章第三段第二句"electric planes are just much more pleasant to fly in."和第三句"No loud engine noise, no smell of fuel, just environmentally friendly peace and quiet."可知电动飞机驾驶起来会更加愉快。没有响亮的发动机噪音，没有燃油味，只有环境友好的和平与宁静，即令人愉快的飞行经历。故答案为：C。
23． 2020.5天津卷（D篇）
Studying a subject that you feel pointless is never a fun or easy task. If you're studying history, asking yourself the question "why is history important" is a very good first step. History is an essential part of human civilization. You will find something here that will arouse your interest, or get you thinking about the significance of history.
History grounds us in our roots. History is an important and interesting field of study, and learning the history of our home country can give us a deeper, more meaningful glimpse（一瞥） into our ancestral pasts, and how we got to where we are today. Many people feel like they need a sense of cultural belonging, which is something that studying your roots and being open-minded to the evolution of your culture can provide.
History enriches our experience. Reading history is an amazing experience because it enables us to reflect on the social and economic life of the people living long time ago. According to the experts, problems faced by people regardless of the past and present are the same. With the information about the ancestors, one can become more experienced in handling challenges of life.
History makes us more empathetic（具有共情能力的）. Studying history can give us insight（洞察力） into why our culture does certain things, and how the past has shaped it into what we know now. It also provides a rather strong foundation for empathy across cultures. Fear and hate for others is usually caused by ignorance（无知）. We're scared of the things that we don't understand. History has the potential to break down those boundaries by offering us insight into entire worlds that would otherwise be foreign to us.
History can inspire us to learn more. What's fantastic about history is the way it broadens our horizons. It's almost impossible to learn about one historical period without having dozens of questions about related concepts. Study the 19th century England, and you might catch a glimpse of Charles Dickens' Oliver Twist. Look up Charles Dickens, and you might learn a thing or two about realism. Or maybe you end up switching your attention away from novels, and discover the history of romantic poets in England. It can go anywhere, and there is something in there for absolutely anybody.
The value of history cannot be underestimated. We don't have to live in the past, but we can definitely do better by learning from it and using the lessons learnt to lead more meaningful lives.
1.The underlined part "where we are today" in Para. 2 probably means .
A.the turning point in our history B.the present state of our nation
C.the location of our homeland D.the total area of our country
【答案】 1.B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了历史是人类文明的重要组成部分，从5个方面说明了学习历史的重要性。
1.词义猜测题。本句句意：了解我们祖国的历史可以让我们更深入、更有意义地了解我们祖先的过去，以及我们是如何走到今天这一步的。可知此处是指我们国家的现状之意。故答案为：B。
24． 2020全国卷II C 篇
When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list, fur probably didn’t cross your mind. But some ecologists and fashion (时装) enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for fur made from nutria (海狸鼠).
Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur made into clothes in different styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur — unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year,” says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.
Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail. Some of the fur ends up in the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month.
Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. “The ecosystem down there can’t handle this non-native species (物种). It’s destroying the environment. It’s them or us,” says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field.
The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades, but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s, the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.
30. ( )What does the underlined word “collapsed” in paragraph 5 probably mean?
A. Boomed. B. Became mature. C. Remained stable. D. Crashed.
【答案】30.D
词义猜测题。根据第五段"but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s, the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy."可知，只有在海狸鼠市场倒闭或者崩溃之后，海狸鼠才开始疯狂扩大数量，collapse为崩溃的意思。故选D。
25． 2020全国卷III B 篇
When “Rise of the Planet of the Apes” was first shown to the public last month, a group of excited animal activists gathered on Hollywood Boulevard. But they weren’t there to throw red paint on fur-coat-wearing film stars. Instead, one activist, dressed in a full-body monkey suit, had arrived with a sign praising the filmmakers: “Thanks for not using real apes (猿)!”
The creative team behind “Apes” used motion-capture (动作捕捉) technology to create digitalized animals, spending tens of millions of dollars on technology that records an actor’s performance and later processes it with computer graphics to create a final image (图像). In this case, one of a realistic-looking ape.
Yet “Apes” is more exception than the rule. In fact, Hollywood has been hot on live animals lately. One nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatment of animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs on more than 2,000 productions this year. Already, a number of films, including “Water for Elephants,” “The Hangover Part II” and “Zookeeper,” have drawn the anger of activists who say the creatures acting in them haven’t been treated properly.
26. ( )What does the underlined phrase “keeping tabs on” in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Listing completely. B. Directing professionally.
C. Promoting successfully. D. Watching carefully.
【答案】26.D
词句猜测题。根据第三段划线前的句子"One nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatment or animals in filmed entertainment"（一个非营利组织，监控动物在电影娱乐中的待遇）以及下文Already, a number of films, … them haven't been treated properly.（许多电影，包括 "大象的眼泪" , "宿醉Ⅱ" 和 "管理员" , 引起了动物保护人士的愤怒，他们说影片中的动物没有遭到很好的对待。）由此可知，其中一家监控动物待遇的非营利组织，今年正密切关注着2000多部影片。由此判断出，划线词的意思是 "密切关注" 。故选D项。
26． 2020江苏卷 C 篇
For those who can stomach it, working out before breakfast may be more beneficial for health than eating first, according to a study of meal timing and physical activity.
Athletes and scientists have long known that meal timing affects performance. However, far less has been known about how meal timing and exercise might affect general health.
To find out, British scientists conducted a study. They first found 10 overweight and inactive but otherwise healthy young men, whose lifestyles are, for better and worse, representative of those of most of us. They tested the men’s fitness and resting metabolic (新陈代谢的) rates and took samples (样品) of their blood and fat tissue.
Then, on two separate morning visits to the scientists’ lab, each man walked for an hour at an average speed that, in theory, should allow his body to rely mainly on fat for fuel. Before one of these workouts, the man skipped breakfast, meaning that they exercised on a completely empty stomach after a long overnight fast (禁食). On the other occasion, they ate a rich morning meal about two hours before they started walking.
61. ( ) The underlined expression “stomach it” in Paragraph 1 most probably means “ ”.
A. digest the meal easily B. manage without breakfast
C. decide wisely what to eat D. eat whatever is offered
【答案】61.B
词句猜测题。根据下文working out before breakfast may be more beneficial for health than eating first早餐前锻炼可能比先吃饭再锻炼更健康，可知，这里说的是那些不吃早饭先锻炼的人，因此推测画线词部分与B项“不吃早饭能应付”意思相近。故选B。
27． 2020年新高考全国Ⅰ卷(山东卷） C 篇
In the mid-1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months, physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.
His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land, and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his colorful English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers.
This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker side of society. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a mountain funeral (葬礼) followed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats stuck miles from the sea.
Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-rounded picture of Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes. His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his delicate stomach. As the author explains, this is neither a travel nor a history book, or even a piece of reportage. Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions.
9. ( )What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A. Developing a serious mental disease. B. Taking a guided tour in Central Asia.
C. Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. D. Writing an article about the Aral Sea.
【答案】9.D
代词指代题。根据第一段最后一句A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.（几年后，仍然被这个国家所吸引。他回到乌兹别克斯坦写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章）可知，that指代写了一篇关于死海消失的文章这件事。故选D。
28． 2020年新高考全国Ⅰ卷(山东卷）D篇
According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions (份), it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.
2.What does the underlined word "beanpoles" in Paragraph 1 refer to?
A.Big eaters. B.Overweight persons.
C.Picky eaters. D.Tall thin persons.
【答案】2.D
【解析】
2.词义猜测题。根据前半句And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions可知，现有的研究认为，你应该避免和体重较重、点大份饭菜的人一起吃饭。后半句认为，你真正应该避免的是the beanpoles with big appetites。由contrary to可推断出，画线词和heavier people（超重的人）相反，结合选项可知，D选项（瘦瘦高高的人）正好和heavier people相反。故选D。
29． 2020海南（B篇）
My imaginary Grandma's Box worked like magic that spring, and later. Sometimes students would ask me to describe all the things I had in it. Then I would try to remember the different possessions I supposedly had taken away-since I seldom actually kept them. Usually the offender would appear at the end of the day, and I would return the belonging.
2.What do the underlined words "the offender" in paragraph 8 refer to?
A.The student's parent. B.The maker of the Grandma's Box.
C.The author's grandchild. D..The owner of the forbidden fruit.
【答案】2D
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲叙了作者为收集学生们带到学校的玩具，想出了一个 "奶奶的盒子" 的办法。到后来，作者的第一个孙子出生，学生们也不再来要求归还他们的财物了，作者也在某一年圣诞节收到了儿子制作的大木箱，将 "奶奶的盒子" 变成了现实。
2. 词义猜测题。根据划线词后文 "I would return the belonging." 结合上文提到作者把学生带到学校的玩具称为 "禁果" ，且作者的 "盒子" 里装的就是 "禁果" ，所以作者等到这些禁果的拥有者在一天结束的时候出现，然后就会归还他们的物品。由此可知，划线词意思为 "禁果的拥有者" 。故选：D。
四、模拟演练
（1）
An advertisement is just like a Somebody Else says quotation(引语) in a news story. The newspaper does not say that what the advertiser says is true. All the newspaper says is, “This is what the advertiser says.” To find out whether it is true or not will be left to the reader. All the statements in the ads are the advertiser’s statements, not the paper’s.
Q: What does “Somebody Else” in the paragraph refer to?
A. The editor of the paper. B. The reader of the paper.
C. The author of the passage. D. The advertiser of the ads.
（2）
Emma had never read it, nor had she ever purchased a copy. But, when she opened it up, she was floored to see her own name and address inside the cover, in her own handwriting. It turned out that the summer before, at a concert back in Montreal, Emma had met a Californian who was in town visiting friends. They decided to exchange addresses, but neither of them had any paper. The man had opened up a book he was carrying in his backpack and asked Emma to write her name and address inside. When he returned to California, he left the book behind in Montreal, and his friend Alex kept it. When Alex later relocated to Jerusalem, he took the now-treasured book along.
Q: What does the underlined word “floored” in the paragraph mean?
A. interested B. shocked C. frightened D. excited
（3）
Oxygen is vital to life; it is needed by the body cells of all animals. It is also very useful in industry. The method Priestley used produces only small quantities. The large amounts needed for industry are produced in a different way. Air is put into containers under great pressure. This turns it into liquid and makes it very cold. It is then gradually warmed up and each substance evaporates at a different temperature. The boiling point of oxygen is -183°C. It is caught and stored in strong steel cylinders at a pressure of 136 atmospheres. The process is known as fractional distillation.
Q: Which word has the rough meaning of “vital”?
A. important B. useful C. helpful D. interesting
（4）
These different kinds of learning disabilities are known by different names. For example, a person who has difficulty reading may have dyslexia. Someone who cannot do mathematics may have a disorder called dyscalculia(计算困难).
Q: The underlined word “dyslexia” in the paragraph probably means _______.
A. difficulty in seeing B. problem in reading
C. trouble in listening D. brain disorder
（5）
A child’s birthday party doesn’t have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun, according to Beth Anaclerio, an Evaston mother of two, ages 4 and 18 months.
Q: What does the underlined word “hassle” probably mean in the paragraph?
A. a party designed by specialists
B. a plan requiring careful thought
C. a situation causing difficulty or trouble
D. a demand made by guests
（6）
And if you’ve gathered your friends around you to rebuild a happy family atmosphere(气氛), you may fear that saying no will bring back the kind of conflict you grew up with— or destroy the nice atmosphere you now enjoy.
Q: The underlined word “conflict” in the paragraph means .
A. dependent life B. fierce fight C. bad manners D. painful feeling
（7）
“She is ashamed and embarrassed but doesn’t really have any explanation why she did this,” Miss Duff said. “She didn’t intend to steal when she went into the store. She is at a loss to explain it. She is otherwise a very respectable and intelligent young lady .She went to her doctor and asked for advice because she wants to know if there is anything in particular that caused her to do this.”
Q: What does the underlined sentence “She is at a loss to explain it” mean?
A. In her opinion it was a loss to the clothes shops where she stole things.
B. She doesn’t have any idea why she has the desire to steal from shops.
C. She thinks it is a loss for her to explain why she stole things from shops.
D. Personally she feels ashamed and embarrassed for her shoplifting actions.
（8）
One of the best-known sayings must be “Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wisdom”. The promises of health, wealth, and wisdom to those who join the teams of early retirees and rises must be particularly pleasing to many people in our modern society.
Q: The underlined word “ retiree” here refers to_________.
A. people who give up their work B. people who have a lot of free time
C. people who go to bed D. people who live in a quiet place
（9）
The reasons for a visit to lighthouse are not all so backward-looking(思想过时的) in time. It is true that lighthouses were built in out-of-the-way places. But on a pleasant sunny summer day, this very isolation has a natural beauty that many people will love to experience.
Q: The underlined phrase “out-of-the-way” probably means __________.
A. far-away B. dangerous C. ancient D. secret
（10）
Our own native language and culture are so much a part of us that we take them for granted. When we travel to another country, it’s as if we carry along with our passports. We view the new environment using our own culture as the standard, and although not purposely, our ways of thinking and acting often get in the way of our understanding other languages and cultures. The ability and willingness to change lenses(视角) when we look at a different culture is both the cure and prevention for such cultural blindness. Studying a new language provides us the opportunities to practise changing lenses when we also learn the context or the culture to which it belongs.
Q: The underlined word “it” in the last sentence refers to __________.
A. the context B. the culture C. the language D. the opportunity
答案与解析：
（1）D。根据下文中All the newspaper says is, “This is what the advertiser says.”可推知，文章中的Somebody Else指的是做广告的人。
（2）B。从上文可知，在一个从未到过的地方，在一本从未读过的书的封面，看到自己亲笔写的姓名和地址，当然感到“震惊”。此处“But”是关键提示。
（3）A。根据下句“氧是所有动物细胞所必不可少的元素”的内容，判断出氧非常“重要”。
（4）B。由下句“Someone who cannot do mathematics may have a disorder called dyscalculia(计算困难).”不能做数学题的人可能患有一种被称为计算困难的疾病可以推断dyslexia的意思为“阅读困难”。
（5）C。通过上下句A child’s birthday party doesn’t have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun.可以看出，hassle和a basket of fun肯定是近乎相反的意义。所以不难判断，答案为C。
（6）B。由破折号后的or可知，前后两句的意思相近，她不想失去或破坏这个友好氛围，否则就又让她回到以前的“冲突”中。答案为B。
（7）B。从上文中她进入商店时并没打算偷窃，以及下文谈到她去看医生可以推知她不知道自己为什么会有偷窃的欲望可知答案为B。
（8）C。根据谚语“Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wisdom”以及retirees和risers的对比关系不难猜出retiree是“睡觉的人”。
（9）A。由合成词out-of-the-way的字面意思和下句中的isolation一词可知，灯塔通常“孤零零”地呆在一个地方，因此答案为A。
（10）C。本段主要讲述语言和文化的关系。结合最后一句话可知，学习一门新的语言给我们提供一个崭新的视觉，从而使得我们更好地把握语言依附的文化环境。由此知道这里的it指代语言。
相关学案
【高考二轮题型复习】2023年高考英语题型精讲精练学案（新高考）——专题20 语法填空之无提示词（原卷版+解析版）： 这是一份【高考二轮题型复习】2023年高考英语题型精讲精练学案（新高考）——专题20 语法填空之无提示词（原卷版+解析版），文件包含专题20语法填空之无提示词解析版docx、专题20语法填空之无提示词原卷版docx等2份学案配套教学资源，其中学案共91页， 欢迎下载使用。
【高考二轮题型复习】2023年高考英语题型精讲精练学案（新高考）——专题19 语法填空之有提示词（原卷版+解析版）： 这是一份【高考二轮题型复习】2023年高考英语题型精讲精练学案（新高考）——专题19 语法填空之有提示词（原卷版+解析版），文件包含专题19语法填空之有提示词解析版docx、专题19语法填空之有提示词原卷版docx等2份学案配套教学资源，其中学案共107页， 欢迎下载使用。
【高考二轮题型复习】2023年高考英语题型精讲精练学案（新高考）——专题11 应用文体类阅读理解（原卷版+解析版）： 这是一份【高考二轮题型复习】2023年高考英语题型精讲精练学案（新高考）——专题11 应用文体类阅读理解（原卷版+解析版），文件包含专题12记叙文类阅读理解解析版docx、专题12记叙文类阅读理解原卷版docx等2份学案配套教学资源，其中学案共122页， 欢迎下载使用。
