【高考二轮题型复习】2023年高考英语题型精讲精练学案（新高考）——专题13 议论文体类阅读理解（原卷版+解析版）

这是一份【高考二轮题型复习】2023年高考英语题型精讲精练学案（新高考）——专题13 议论文体类阅读理解（原卷版+解析版），文件包含专题13议论文体类阅读理解解析版docx、专题13议论文体类阅读理解原卷版docx等2份学案配套教学资源，其中学案共83页， 欢迎下载使用。
专题13 议论文体类阅读理解（解析版）
议论文是英语中的重要文体，在每年的高考阅读理解中占有一定的比例。议论文就是说理性的文章，一般由论点、论据和论证过程组成。


一、解题策略
1. 议论文特点分析
议论文都要提出论题、观点、提供充分的证据，使用一定的逻辑方法证明观点或得出结论。议论文的写法通常有以下三种形式：
写法一：正方(甲方)，反方(乙方)，我认为……
写法二：提出问题，分析问题，解决问题。
写法三：论点，理由(证据)，重申论点。
议论文的内容涵盖文化、历史、文学、科学和教育等各个方面。在这类体裁的文章中把握好论点、论据和论证很重要。此类体裁的文章中有关主旨大意和推理判断的题目会较多，这也是得分比较难的题型。在阅读这类文章的时候，我们要认真把握作者的态度，领悟弦外之音，从而更好地依据文章的事实做出合理的推断。

2. 能力培养
1. 避免读得太快，做题靠印象和直觉。(要求每一道题回到原文去找答案)

　　2. 要先看题目，后读文章。(与先读文章，后看题目的比较)
　　高考材料阅读方法：先通读全文，重点读首段、各段的段首段尾句，然后其他部分可以略读，再审题定位，比较选项，选出答案。要有把握文章的宏观结构、中心句的能力。
　　3. 阅读中需要特别注意并做记号的有：
　　(1)标志类、指示类的信息。
　　①表示并列关系：and, also, coupled with等；
　　②表示转折关系：but, yet, however, by contrast等；
　　③表示因果关系：therefore, thereby, consequently, as a result等；
　　④表示递进关系：in addition to, even, what’s more, furthermore等；
　　⑤表示重要性的词：prime, above all, first等。
　　以上关键词有助于我们对文章逻辑结构的把握。
(2) 具有感情色彩、显示作者态度的词：blind盲目的(贬), excessively过分的(贬), objective(客观)等。
(3)
　　4. 常见问题：
　　(1)读不懂怎么？
　　问题本身太空泛，应该仔细分析问题到底在哪儿。首先要能意识到自身问题所在。
　　unconscious incompetent (无意识无能力)属于问题认知的第一阶段；
　　conscious incompetent (有意识无能力)属于问题认知的第二阶段；
　　conscious competent (有意识有能力)属于问题认知的第三阶段；
　　unconscious competent (无意识有能力)属于问题认知的第四阶段。
　　从认知的第三阶段达到第四阶段，是一个反复熟练的过程。
　　(2)读懂了文章之后还做错题怎么办？
　　(3)做完了一遍不愿意看第二遍怎么办？
　　(4)做题技巧用不上怎么办？
　　能够不由自主地按照正确的思路解题了，才表明我们正确掌握了这些技巧。
在课堂听明白之后，还需要回去自己思考，针对自己的实际进行分析，从而对症下药。
3. 得分要点
解答议论类阅读理解试题，可以从以下几个方面着手考虑：
作者在开始叙述一个现象，然后对现象进行解释。这类文章的主题是文中最重要的解释或作者所强调的解释，阅读时要注意作者给出的原因，所以又被称为原因—结果(Cause & Effect)型。还有一种比较常见的是问题—答案型，作者在一开始或一段末以问句提出一个问题(相当于一个现象)，然后给出该问题的答案(相当于解释)。针对文中问题给出的主要答案就是这种文章的中心。
这里强调一点，答题时优先考虑正面答题(直接从文章内容得出答案)，然后从中心、态度或利用解答特征等其他角度对选项进行检验；如果从文章内容中直接无法解决，则从中心和态度方面考虑；次之，从解答特征方面考虑。
考生往往最怕此类体裁。山穷水尽时，记住：首先从整体上把握文章中心和作者所持的态度，靠近中心的就是答案。
4. 解题方法
1. 把握文章的论点、论据和论证。此外，还要把握文章的结构和语言。
2. 互推法：在议论之后，总会再列举一些具体的例子来支持观点或在一些例子之后，总要抒发一些议论。考生在理解议论时，可以借助文中所给的实例，从而在形象的例子中推理出抽象的议论；或从议论中推理理解具体例子的深刻含义，相互推断。
3. 推理法：推理的结论一定是原文有这层意思，但没有明确表达的。推理要根据文章的字面意思，通过语篇、段落和句子之间的逻辑关系，各个信息所暗示和隐含的意义，作者的隐含意等对文章进行推理判断。考生要由文字的表层信息挖掘出文章的深层含义，要能透过现象看本质。


二、高考真题
一、2022年高考真题
1． 2022年6月全国乙卷B篇
In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N. Y. — Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood — traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. The girls had gone to Smith College. They wore expensive clothes. So for them to move to Elkhead, Colo. to instruct the children whose shoes were held together with string was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted: The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden, who is a magazine editor and Dorothy Woodruff’s granddaughter.
Why did they go then? Well, they wanted to do something useful. Soon, however, they realized what they had undertaken.
They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.
In Wickenden’s book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, which of course influenced the girls’ decision to go to Elkhead. A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed (牵涉) drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms. The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy’s return to Auburn.
Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism (坚忍) of the people move her to some beautiful writing. Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff, on her horse, looking down from a hill top: “When the sun slipped behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them. Then a full moon rose. The snow was marked only by small animals: foxes, coyotes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter.”
24. Why did Dorothy and Rosamond go to the Rocky Mountains?
A. To teach in a school. B. To study American history.
C. To write a book. D. To do sightseeing.
25. What can we learn about the girls from paragraph 3?
A. They enjoyed much respect. B. They had a room with a bathtub.
C. They lived with the local kids. D. They suffered severe hardships.
26. Which part of Wickenden’s writing is hair-raising?
A. The extreme climate of Auburn. B. The living conditions in Elkhead.
C. The railroad building in the Rockies. D. The natural beauty of the West.
27. What is the text?
A. A news report. B. A book review. C. A children’s story. D. A diary entry.
【答案】24. A 25. D 26. C 27. B
【解析】
这是一篇书评。本文简要介绍了Dorothy Wickenden的书籍并对其进行了评价。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N.Y.-Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood -traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. (1916年，来自纽约奥本市的两个富裕家庭的女孩——Dorothy Woodruff和Rosamond Underwood——来到落基山脉的一个定居点，在一间只有一个房间的学校教书。)”可知，Dorothy和Rosamond去落基山脉是为了去学校里教书。故选A项。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning.(他们和一个当地家庭，哈里森一家一起搬进去，和他们一样，几乎没有隐私，很少洗澡，早上醒来时被子上覆盖着一层雪。)”以及“In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.(在春天，雪被泥替代覆盖在冰上。)”可知，女孩们的生活条件非常艰苦，她们饱受磨难。故选D项。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms.(令人毛骨悚然的一段与铁路建设有关，这涉及到在令人眩目的暴风雪中钻穿落基山脉。)”可知，Wickenden的作品中涉及落基山脉的铁路建设这一部分是令人毛骨悚然的。故选C项。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy’s return to Auburn.(这本书以Rosamond和Dorothy回到奥本结束。)”以及最后一段“Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism of the people move her to some beautiful writing.( Wickenden是个很好的讲故事的人。大地的辽阔和人们的坚忍使她创作出了一些美丽的作品。)”可知，本文简要介绍了Wickenden的书籍内容，并对其进行了评价，所以文本是一篇书评。故选B项。

2． 2022年6月北京卷D篇
Quantum ( 量子 ) computers have been on my mind a lot lately. A friend has been sending me articles on how quantum computers might help solve some of the biggest challenges we face as humans. I’ve also had exchanges with two quantum-computing experts. One is computer scientist Chris Johnson who I see as someone who helps keep the field honest. The other is physicist Philip Taylor.
For decades, quantum computing has been little more than a laboratory curiosity. Now, big tech companies have invested in quantum computing, as have many smaller ones. According to Business Weekly, quantum machines could help us “cure cancer, and even take steps to turn climate change in the opposite direction.” This is the sort of hype ( 炒作 ) that annoys Johnson. He worries that researchers are making promises they can’t keep. “What’s new,” Johnson wrote, “is that millions of dollars are now potentially available to quantum computing researchers.”
As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers may mislead investors, journalists, the public and, worst of all, themselves about their work’s potential. If researchers can’t keep their promises, excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns. Lots of other technologies have gone through stages of excitement. But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype, Johnson suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands for something cool you shouldn’t be able to understand.” And that brings me back to Taylor, who suggested that I read his book Q for Quantum.
After I read the book, Taylor patiently answered my questions about it. He also answered my questions about PyQuantum, the firm he co-founded in 2016. Taylor shares Johnson’s concerns about hype, but he says those concerns do not apply to PyQuantum.
The company, he says, is closer than any other firm “by a very large margin ( 幅度 )” to building a “useful” quantum computer, one that “solves an impactful problem that we would not have been able to solve otherwise.” He adds, “People will naturally discount my opinions, but I have spent a lot of time quantitatively comparing what we are doing with others.”
Could PyQuantum really be leading all the competition “by a wide margin”, as Taylor claims? I don’t know. I’m certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone else to invest in quantum computers. But I trust Taylor, just as I trust Johnson.
31. Regarding Johnson’s concerns, the author feels ________.
A. sympathetic B. unconcerned C. doubtful D. excited
32. What leads to Taylor’s optimism about quantum computing?
A. His dominance in physics. B. The competition in the field.
C. His confidence in PyQuantum. D. The investment of tech companies.
33. What does the underlined word “prone” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?
A. Open. B. Cool. C. Useful. D. Resistant.
34. Which would be the best title for the passage?
A. Is Johnson More Competent Than Taylor?
B. Is Quantum Computing Redefining Technology?
C. Will Quantum Computers Ever Come into Being?
D. Will Quantum Computing Ever Live Up to Its Hype?
【答案】31 A 32. C 33. A 34. D
【解题导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要论述了“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”，计算机科学家克里斯·约翰逊和物理学家菲利普·泰勒分别阐明了自己的观点。
31.【解析】
推理判断题。根据第三自然段“As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers may mislead investors, journalists, the public and, worst of all, themselves about their work’s potential. If researchers can’t keep their promises, excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns. （随着量子计算吸引了更多的关注和资金，研究人员可能会误导投资者、记者、公众，最糟糕的是，他们自己的工作潜力。约翰逊警告说，如果研究人员不能兑现承诺，兴奋可能会让位于怀疑、失望和愤怒）”根据最后一段“ But I trust Taylor, just as I trust Johnson.”（但我相信泰勒，就像我相信约翰逊一样）可知，关于约翰逊的担忧，作者是支持的。A. sympathetic同情的，赞同的；B. unconcerned不关心的；C. doubtful怀疑的；D. excited激动的。故选A。
32.【解析】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The company, he says, is closer than any other firm “by a very large margin ( 幅度 )” to building a “useful” quantum computer, one that “solves an impactful problem that we would not have been able to solve otherwise.” He adds, “People will naturally discount my opinions, but I have spent a lot of time quantitatively comparing what we are doing with others.”（ 他说，这家公司比其他任何公司都“在很大程度上”接近于制造出“有用的”量子计算机，它“解决了一个有影响力的问题，否则我们无法解决这个问题”。他补充说:“人们自然会不相信我的观点，但我已经花了很多时间来定量地比较我们与他人的做法）”可知，泰勒对量子计算的乐观来源于他对PyQuantum的信心。故选C。
33.【解析】
词义猜测题。根据第三自然段“But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype, Johnson suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands for something cool you shouldn’t be able to understand.”（ 但约翰逊表明，量子计算的某些方面使得它特别 prone被炒作，可能是因为“量子”代表了一些你不应该理解的酷东西。”）”可知，本句中含有一个原因状语从句，因为““量子”代表了一些你不应该理解的酷东西”，所以它特别容易被炒作。故prone意为“易于……的”。A. Open.开放的；易受损害的；B. Cool. 酷的；C. Useful. 有用的；D. Resistant. 有抵抗力的。故选A。
34.【解析】
主旨大意题。根据第二自然段“Now, big tech companies have invested in quantum computing, as have many smaller ones. According to Business Weekly, quantum machines could help us “cure cancer, and even take steps to turn climate change in the opposite direction. This is the sort of hype ( 炒作 ) that annoys Johnson.”（ 现在，大型科技公司和许多小型公司都在量子计算领域进行了投资。据《商业周刊》报道，量子机器可以帮助我们“治愈癌症，甚至采取措施将气候变化转向相反的方向。这种炒作让约翰逊感到恼火。”）”以及最后一段“Could PyQuantum really be leading all the competition “by a wide margin”, as Taylor claims? I don’t know. I’m certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone else to invest in quantum computers.（PyQuantum真的能像泰勒所说的那样“以巨大的优势”领先所有竞争对手吗？我不知道。我当然不会建议我的朋友或其他人投资量子计算机。但我信任泰勒，就像我信任约翰逊一样。）”可知，本文主要论述了“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”，计算机科学家克里斯·约翰逊和物理学家菲利普·泰勒分别阐明了自己的观点。所以短文的最佳标题为“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”。故选D。

二、2021年高考真题
1.【2021新高考1卷 D篇】
Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional （情感的） intelligence. Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person's makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and "people skills." Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.
We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person.
Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis （重视）on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.
Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives （视角） from which to study how people manage their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.
1.What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligence?
A.It can be measured by an IQ test. B.It helps to exercise a person's mind.
C.It includes a set of emotional skills. D.It refers to a person's positive qualities.
2. Why does the author mention "doctor" and "cheater" in paragraph 2?
A.To explain a rule. B.To clarify a concept.
C.To present a fact. D.To make a prediction.
3.What is the author's attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence?
A.Favorable. B.Intolerant. C.Doubtful. D.Unclear.
4.What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence?
A.Its appeal to the public. B.Expectations for future studies.
C.Its practical application. D.Scientists with new perspectives.
【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了什么是情商，以及情商普及的优势，同时作者提出了对情商研究是未来期望。
【解析】1..D【解析】细节理解题。根据题干信息misunderstanding定位到第一段：Many people now misunderstand… as almost everything desirable in a person's makeup… 分析可知，大多数人认为情商就是构成人性格中几乎所有可取的部分，而后跟的句子such as character, motivation, confidence… 则是作者在列举一些情商中具体的优良品质。选项D：它指的是一个人的优良品质，是该句的同义替换。故选D。
2.B【解析】推理判断题。根据题干信息的paragraph 2，定位到第二段We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as…；分析可知，我们更喜欢把情商称作是一套特定的技能，它既可以用于好的目的，也可以用于坏的目的。而后作者便分别列举了doctor和cheater用于解释说明 "好目的" 和 "坏目的" 。由此我们可以推测，作者提及doctor和cheater是为了阐明前句所提到的关于情商的概念。故选B。
3.A【解析】推理判断题。根据题干信息popularization of emotional intelligence定位到第三段：Although popular beliefs regarding… the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. 分析可知，虽然大众对于情商的普遍认知远远超过了目前研究可以支持的观点，但是宣传的总体效果（对于情商的发展研究） 是利大于弊的。而后作者便进一步列举了好处体现在哪些方面（the most positive aspect of this popularization…）。可知，作者对此态度是正向的、支持的。故选A。
4B【解析】主旨大意题。根据题干信息last paragraph定位到最后一段It is our hope that… advances in science will offer new perspectives from which to study how people manage their lives. Emotional intelligence… may serve to point us in the right direction. 分析可知，我们希望在未来的几十年里，科学的进步将为研究人们如何管理自己的生活提供一个新的视角。而情商也许会给我们指明一个正确的方向。因此可以得知，最后一段作者是在提出对于未来研究的期待和方向。B项中的Expectations for future studies.符合题意。故选B。

2.【2021.6 浙江卷 B篇】
We live in a town with three beaches. There are two parks less than 10 minutes' walk from home where neighbourhood children gather to play. However, what my children want to do after school is pick up a screen—any screen—and stare at it for hours. They are not alone. Today's children spend an average of four and a half hours a day looking at screens, split between watching television and using the Internet.
In the past few years, an increasing number of people and organisations have begun coming up with plans to counter this trend. A couple of years ago, film-maker David Bond realised that his children, then aged five and three, were attached to screens to the point where he was able to say "chocolate" into his three-year-old son's ear without getting a response. He realised that something needed to change, and, being a London media type, appointed himself "marketing director for Nature". He documented his journey as he set about treating nature as a brand to be marketed to young people. The result was Project Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth of the Wild Network, a group of organisations with the common goal of getting children out into nature.
"Just five more minutes outdoors can make a difference, " David Bond says. "There is a lot of really interesting evidence which seems to be suggesting that if children are inspired up to the age of seven, then being outdoors will be a habit for life." His own children have got into the habit of playing outside now: "We just send them out into the garden and tell them not to come back in for a while."
Summer is upon us. There is an amazing world out there, and it needs our children as much as they need it. Let us get them out and let them play.
1.What is the problem with the author's children?
A.They often annoy the neighbours.
B.They are tired of doing their homework.
C.They have no friends to play with.
D.They stay in front of sereens for too long.

2.How did David Bond advocate his idea?
A.By making a documentary film.
B.By organizing outdoor activities.
C.By advertising in London media.
D.By creating a network of friends.

3.Which of the following can replace the underlined word "charts" in paragraph 2?
A.records B.predicts C.delays D.confirms

4.What can be a suitable title for the text?
A.Let Children Have Fun
B.Young Children Need More Free Time
C.Market Nature to Children
D.David Bond: A Role Model for Children

【文章大意】本文作者以自己的孩子为例存在着长时间盯着电子屏幕的问题，从而引出了电影导演 David Bond怎样激励自己的孩子们养成户外活动、锻炼身体的习惯的做法。
1..D【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段第三句 "However, what my children want to do after school is pick up a screen—any screen—and stare at it for hours." 可知，作者的孩子们放学之后只想看电子屏幕，并盯着看好几个小时，故选D。
2.A【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句“He documented his journey as he set about treating nature as a brand to be marketed to young people. The result was Project Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth of the Wild Network, a group of organisations with the common goal of getting children out into nature.“可知，作者记录了自己的旅程，并制作成电影，故选A。
3.A【解析】猜词题。根据第二段最后一句话句意”结果是 Project Wild Thing，一部描绘了 Wild Network 诞生的电影，Wild Network 是一组以让孩子们融入大自然为共同目标的组织。“可知，本句主要阐述作者拍摄的纪录片Project Wild Thing记录下了组织Wild Network的诞生，因此record（记录、记载）与所猜词汇最为接近，故选A。
4.C【解析】主旨大意题。文章首段阐述现状，即孩子们花太多时间在电子屏幕上，紧接着提到了作者为呼吁孩子们走进大自然拍摄了纪录片，希望孩子们能多花些时间在户外运动上。因此本篇文章主要内容为：向孩子们 "推销" 自然，故选C。

3.【2021.3天津卷B篇】
About five weeks ago, I noticed the skin of our pet lizard（蜥蜴）was growing dusty. It worried me. I reported the strange surface on the skin of the lizard to my husband and children the next morning. Seconds later, our lizard emerged from its tank with its old skin flowing behind it.
I didn't think about it much until a morning last week when I knocked my favorite teapot off the table. It burst into hundreds of pieces. As I swept up the mess, I wondered why we had been breaking so many things over the months.
The destruction started three months ago. It was my husband's birthday. He had just lost his job. The uncertainty was starting to wear on us, so I wanted to do something special.
"Let's make a cake for Dad!" I cried.
My kids screamed with joy. We baked, iced and sprinkled for most of the day. Candles on the cake! Balloons on the walls! Flowers on the table!
Two hours before my husband came back home from another job interview, my daughter climbed up to grab a glass vase from a high shelf. It fell and crashed beside the cake. Tiny pieces of glass were everywhere. She sobbed loudly as I threw the cake away. My husband had banana pudding for his birthday.
Three days ago, the light in our living room suddenly went out. After several frustrating hours of unsuccessful attempts to fix it, my husband suggested watching the Michael Jordan documentary（纪录片）series The Last Dance.
The poignancy（酸楚）of Jordan retiring from his beloved basketball to play baseball and what had pushed him to make such a tough decision took me by surprise. As I watched him take off his basketball uniform and replace it with a baseball uniform, I saw him leaving behind the layer that no longer served him, just as our lizard had. Neither of them chose the moment that had transformed them. But they had to live with who they were after everything was different. Just like us. I realized that we have to learn to leave the past behind.
Humans do not shed skin（蜕皮）as easily as other animals. The beginning of change is upsetting. The process is tiring. Damage changes us before we are ready. I see our lizard, raw and nearly new.
Jordan said that no matter how it ends, it starts with hope. With our tender, hopeful skin, that is where we begin.
1.What can we learn about the pet lizard from Paragraph 1?
A.Its tank grew dirty.
B.Its old skin came off.
C.It got a skin disease.
D.It went missing.

2.Why did the author's husband have banana pudding for his birthday?
A.The birthday cake was ruined.
B.The author made good puddings.
C.Pudding was his favorite dessert.
D.They couldn't afford a birthday cake.

3.Why does the author mention The Last Dance in the passage?
A.To prove a theory.
B.To define a concept.
C.To develop the theme.
D.To provide the background.

4.The underlined part "leaving behind the layer" in Paragraph 8 can be understood as           .
A.letting go of the past
B.looking for a new job
C.getting rid of a bad habit
D.giving up an opportunity

5.What does the author most likely want to tell us?
A.Love of family helps us survive great hardships.
B.It's not the end of the world if we break things.
C.We should move on no matter what happens.
D.Past experiences should be treasured.

1.文章大意：这是一篇夹叙夹议文。讲述了作者的丈夫刚刚丢了工作，这种不确定性开始影响到家人，直到作者看到家里的宠物蜥蜴换皮和观看了Michael Jordan的纪录片《最后的舞蹈》后，领悟到我们必须学会把过去抛在脑后，像蜥蜴一样，用我们柔嫩、充满希望的皮肤，作为人生的起点。
1.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句 "I reported the strange surface on the skin of the lizard to my husband and children the next morning. Seconds later, our lizard emerged from its tank with its old skin flowing behind it.（第二天早上，我向丈夫和孩子们报告了蜥蜴皮肤上奇怪的表面。几秒钟后，我们的蜥蜴从水箱里出来，旧皮肤蜕了下来）" 可知，宠物蜥蜴旧的皮肤脱落了。故选：B。
2.A【解析】细节理解题。根据第六段 "Two hours before my husband came back home from another job interview, my daughter climbed up to grab a glass vase from a high shelf…My husband had banana pudding for his birthday.（就在我丈夫参加另一场工作面试回家前两个小时，我女儿爬到一个高高的架子上，抓起一个玻璃花瓶。它掉下来摔碎在蛋糕旁边。到处都是细小的玻璃碎片。我把蛋糕扔掉时，她大声抽泣。我丈夫生日吃了香蕉布丁）" 可知，作者的丈夫过生日吃了香蕉布丁是因为生日蛋糕毁了。故选：A。
3.C【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第三段 "The poignancy（酸楚）of Jordan retiring from his beloved basketball to play baseball and what had pushed him to make such a tough decision took me by surprise. …Neither of them chose the moment that had transformed them. …Just like us. I realized that we have to learn to leave the past behind.（Jordan从心爱的篮球退役，转而打棒球，这是多么令人痛心的事情，是什么促使他做出如此艰难的决定，让我感到惊讶。当我看着他脱下篮球服，换上棒球服时，我看到他脱下了那层不再适合他的衣服，就像我们的蜥蜴一样。他们都没有选择那个改变了他们的时刻。但他们必须和自己生活在一起因为一切都变了。就像我们一样。我意识到我们必须学会把过去抛在脑后）" 以及最后一段 "Jordan said that no matter how it ends, it starts with hope. With our tender, hopeful skin, that is where we begin.（ Jordan说，不管结局如何，都是以希望开始的。用我们柔嫩、充满希望的皮肤，那是我们的起点）" 可推知，作者在文章中提到The Last Dance是为了展开文章关于放手过去，重新开始的主题。故选：C。
4.A【解析】词义猜测题。根据画线词后文 "Neither of them chose the moment that had transformed them…Just like us. I realized that we have to learn to leave the past behind.（他们都没有选择那个改变了他们的时刻。但他们必须和自己生活在一起因为一切都变了。就像我们一样。我意识到我们必须学会把过去抛在脑后）" 可知，作者看着乔丹脱下篮球服，换上棒球服时，意识到看到他放开了过去，把过去抛在脑后了。即画线词意思是 "放开过去"。故选：A。
5.C【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段 "Humans do not shed skin（蜕皮）as easily as other animals…I see our lizard, raw and nearly new.（人类不像其他动物那样容易蜕皮。变革的开始令人不安。这个过程很累人。伤害在我们准备好之前就改变了我们。我看到了我们生嫩的、几乎是全新的蜥蜴）" 以及最后一段 "Jordan said that no matter how it ends, it starts with hope. With our tender, hopeful skin, that is where we begin.（Jordan说，不管结局如何，都是以希望开始的。用我们柔嫩、充满希望的皮肤，那是我们的起点）" 可推知，作者最有可能想告诉我们无论发生什么，我们都应该继续前进。故选：C。

4.【2021.3天津卷D篇】
There is something to be said for being a generalist, even if you are a specialist. Knowing a little about a lot of things that interest you can add to the richness of a whole, well-lived life.
Society pushes us to specialize, to become experts. This requires commitment to a particular occupation, branch of study or research. The drawback to being specialists is we often come to know more and more about less and less. There is a great deal of pressure to master one's field. You may pursue training, degrees, or increasing levels of responsibility at work. Then you discover the pressure of having to keep up.
Some people seem willing to work around the clock in their narrow specialty. But such commitment can also weaken a sense of freedom. These specialists could work at the office until ten each night, then look back and realize they would have loved to have gone home and enjoyed the sweetness of their family and friends, or traveled to exciting places, meeting interesting people. Mastering one thing to the exclusion （排除）of others can hold back your true spirit.
Generalists, on the other hand, know a lot about a wide range of subjects and view the whole with all its connections. They are people of ability, talent, and enthusiasm who can bring their broad perspective （视角）into specific fields of expertise（专长）. The doctor who is also a poet and philosopher is a superior doctor, one who can give so much more to his patients than just good medical skills.
Things are connected. Let your expertise in one field fuel your passions in all related areas. Some of your interests may not appear to be connected but, once you explore their depths, you discover that they are. My editor Toni, who is also a writer, has edited several history books. She has decided to study Chinese history. Fascinated by the structural beauty of the Forbidden City as a painter, she is equally interested to learn more about Chinese philosophy. "I don't know where it will lead, but I'm excited I'm on this pursuit."
These expansions into new worlds help us by giving us new perspectives. We begin to see the interconnectedness of one thing to another in all aspects of our life, of ourselves and the universe. Develop broad, general knowledge and experience. The universe is all yours to explore and enjoy.
1.To become a specialist, one may have to           .
A.narrow his range of knowledge
B.avoid responsibilities at work
C.know more about the society
D.broaden his perspective on life

2.The specialists mentioned in Paragraph 3 tend to           .
A.treasure their freedom
B.travel around the world
C.spend most time working
D.enjoy meeting funny people

3.According to the author, a superior doctor is one who           .
A.is fully aware of his talent and ability
B.is a pure specialist in medicine
C.should love poetry and philosophy
D.brings knowledge of other fields to work

4.What does the author intend to show with the example of Toni?
A.Passion alone does not ensure a person's success.
B.In-depth exploration makes discoveries possible.
C.Everyone has a chance to succeed in their pursuit.
D.Seemingly unrelated interests are in a way connected.

5.What could be the best title for the passage?
A.Be More a Generalist Than a Specialist
B.Specialist or Generalist: Hard to Decide
C.Turn a Generalist into a Specialist
D.Ways to Become a Generalist

本文是议论文。文章论述了要当一个多面手，而不是当某方面的专家。
1. A【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第二段第二、三句 "This requires commitment to a particular occupation, branch of study or research. The drawback to being specialists is we often come to know more and more about less and less. （成为专家需要对特定的职业、研究领域的投入。成为专家的缺点是我们常常对越来越少的知识领域了解得越来越多。）" 可知，要成为一名专家，了解到的知识领域会越来越少，会缩小他的知识范围。故选A。
2.C【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段中提到 "Some people seem willing to work around the clock in their narrow specialty…These specialists could work at the office until ten each night, …(有些人似乎愿意在他们狭隘的专业领域夜以继日地工作。…..这些专家可以每天晚上在办公室工作到十点。)" 可知，这些专家往往花大部分的时间在工作上。故选C。
3.D【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第四段最后一句 "The doctor who is also a poet and philosopher is a superior doctor, one who can give so much more to his patients than just good medical skills.（这位既是诗人又是哲学家的医生是一位优秀的医生，他能给他的病人提供比良好的医术更多的东西。）" 可知，作者认为一名优秀的医生可以将其他领域的知识带到工作中。故选D。
4.D【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第五段第一、二句 "Things are connected. Let your expertise in one field fuel your passions in all related areas. Some of your interests may not appear to be connected but, once you explore their depths, you discover that they are. （事物之间是有联系的。让你在一个领域的专长激发你在所有相关领域的热情。你的一些兴趣可能看起来没有联系，但一旦你深入探索，你就会发现它们是有联系的。）" 以及下文举出Toni的例子"My editor Toni, who is also a writer, has edited several history books. She has decided to study Chinese history. Fascinated by the structural beauty of the Forbidden City as a painter, she is equally interested to learn more about Chinese philosophy.（我的编辑Toni也是一位作家，她编辑过几本历史书。她已决定学习中国历史。作为一名画家，她痴迷于紫禁城的建筑之美，同时也对更多地了解中国哲学感兴趣。)"可以推断，作者想通过Toni的例子说明看似不相关的兴趣，如果深入探索的话，在某种程度上是有联系的。故选D。
5A【解析】最佳标题题。文章第一段第一句提出观点 "There is something to be said for being a generalist, even if you are a specialist. （作者提出即使你是一个专家，也应该当一个通才）" 。根据文章第二段第三句 "The drawback to being specialists is we often come to know more and more about less and less." 可知，成为专家的不足之处是我们常常对越来越少的知识领域了解得越来越深。根据文章第四段第一句 "Generalists, on the other hand, know a lot about a wide range of subjects and view the whole with all its connections." 可知，当通才的优点往往对广泛的学科了解得很多，并从整体上来看其中的所有的联系。根据上述内容可知，作者的观点是应该当一个通才。因此文章的标题应为 "Be More a Generalist Than a Specialist（做一个通才，而不是专家）" 。故选A。


三、2020年高考真题
1.（2020·新课标I卷B篇）
Returning to a book you’ve read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend. There’s a welcome familiarity - but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both, and thus the relationship. But books don’t change, people do. And that’s what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.
The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register. It’s true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings. But with reading, it’s all about the present. It’s about the now and what one contributes to the now, because reading is a give and take between author and reader. Each has to pull their own weight.
There are three books I reread annually .The first, which I take to reading every spring is Emest Hemningway’s A Moveable Feast. Published in 1964, it’s his classic memoir of 1920s Paris. The language is almost intoxicating (令人陶醉的)，an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time. Another is Annie Dillard’s Holy the Firm, her poetic 1975 ramble (随笔) about everything and nothing. The third book is Julio Cortazar’s Save Twilight: Selected Poems, because poetry. And because Cortazar.
While I tend to buy a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifs, which might add to the meaning I attach to them. But I imagine that, while money is indeed wonderful and necessary, rereading an author’s work is the highest currency a reader can pay them. The best books are the ones that open further as time passes. But remember, it’s you that has to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your friends.
24．Why does the author like rereading?
A．It evaluates the writer-reader relationship.
B．It’s a window to a whole new world.
C．It’s a substitute for drinking with a friend.
D．It extends the understanding of oneself.
25．What do we know about the book A Moveable Feast?
A．It’s a brief account of a trip.
B．It’s about Hemingway’s life as a young man.
C．It’s a record of a historic event.
D．It’s about Hemingway’s friends in Paris.
26．What does the underlined word ＂currency＂ in paragraph 4 refer to?
A．Debt
B．Reward.
C．Allowance.
D．Face value.
27．What can we infer about the author from the text?
A．He loves poetry.
B．He’s an editor.
C．He’s very ambitious.
D．He teaches reading.
【答案】24．D25．B26．B27．A
【文章大意】这是一篇社会生活类文章。短文介绍了重新阅读的意义和益处并向读者介绍了作者每年重读的三本书。作者鼓励读者去重新阅读书籍。
24．推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句“But books don’t change, people do. And that’s what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.(但是书没变，人变了。那就是使重新阅读行为如此丰富和富于变化之处)”和第二段“The beauty of rereading lies in that our bond with the work is based on our present register. It is true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings.(重新阅读的美妙之处在于我们与作品的联系是基于我们现在的心理状态。真的，我年纪越大，就越觉得时光飞逝。)”可推知，作者喜欢重新阅读是因为重新阅读可以扩展对自己的理解。故选D项。
25．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Published in 1964, it’s his classic memoir of 1920s Paris.”及“an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time”可知，这本书出版于1964年，这是他关于20世纪20年代在巴黎的经典回忆录，是他老年时对那些野心勃勃却更简单的日子的回顾。由此可判断出A Movable Feast是关于海明威年轻时的生活。故选B项。
26．词义猜测题。根据最后一段中“while money is indeed wonderful and necessary,(虽然金钱确实是美妙而必要的)”可知，前后句为转折关系，根据上下文的语境可推知，“rereading an author’s work is the highest currency a reader can pay them.”意为“但是但重新阅读作品是读者能支付给他们的最高回报”，由此判断出划线词的意思是“回报”。故选B项。
27．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The third book is Julio Cortázar’s Save Twilight: selected poems, because poetry.(第三本书是胡里奥·科塔扎的《拯救暮光之城: 诗歌精选》，因为诗歌)”可知，作者是由于喜欢诗歌而喜欢这本书。故选A项。

2.（2020·新课标II卷D篇）
I have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for as long as I can remember. I was always an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.
My first job was working at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old .It was a dream job and I did everything from shelving books to reading to the children for story time.
As I grew older and became a mother, the library took on a new place and an added meaning in my life. I had several children and books were our main source(来源) of entertainment. It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them.
I always read ,using different voices ,as though I were acting out the stories with my voice and they loved it !It was a special time to bond with my children and it filled them with the wonderment of books .
Now, I see my children taking their children to the library and I love that the excitement of going to the library lives on form generation to generation.
As a novelist, I’ve found a new relationship with libraries. I encourage readers to go to their local library when they can’t afford to purchase a book. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) for readers and writers, a bridge that helps put together a reader with a book. Libraries, in their own way, help fight book piracy(盗版行为) and 1 think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library. Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can.
32．Which word best describes the author’s relationship with books as a child?
A．Cooperative. B．Uneasy. C．Inseparable. D．Casual.
33．What does the underlined phrase “an added meaning” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A．Pleasure from working in the library.
B．Joy of reading passed on in the family.
C．Wonderment from acting out the stories.
D．A closer bond developed with the readers.
34．What does the author call on other writers to do?
A．Sponsor book fairs. B．Write for social media.
C．Support libraries. D．Purchase her novels.
35．Which can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Reading: A Source of Knowledge
B．My Idea about writing
C．Library: A Haven for the Young
D．My Love of the Library
【答案】
32．C33．B34．C35．D
【文章大意】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者是一个热情的读者，孩提时热衷读书，第一份工作在图书馆。有了孩子以后，一家人去图书馆读书，阅读的习惯代代传承下去。作为小说家，作者呼吁其他作家支持图书馆，宣传图书馆。
32．推理判断题。根据第一段的 I was always an enthusiastic reader，sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties. I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.(我一直是一个热情的读者，孩提时，有时候每天读多达三本书。故事对我来说就像空气，而其他孩子则打球或参加聚会。我通过从图书馆借阅来的书籍经历冒险)可推断，作者小时候与书是密不可分的。故选C。
33．词句猜测题。根据上文As I grew older and became a mother可知，我长大了成了一位母亲，结合下文I had several children and books were our main source (来源) of entertainment. It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them(我有几个孩子，书是我们娱乐的主要来源。对于我们来说，坐上车去当地的图书馆是件大事，在那里我的孩子们可以挑选要阅读的书或者想让我给他们读的书)可推断，作者成了母亲以后，带着孩子去图书馆，孩子挑选书籍来阅读，或者作者读给他们听，因此可知图书馆在作者的生活中又增添了新的意义，阅读的乐趣在家庭中代代相传”。故选B。
34．细节理解题。根据最后一段的I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library. Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can.( 我认为所有的作家都应该在他们可以的时候以有意义的方式支持图书馆。鼓励读者使用图书馆。在社交媒体上分享图书馆公告。可以的时候常去图书馆，谈论图书馆)可知，作者呼吁其他的作家们支持图书馆。故选C。
35．主旨大意题。纵观全文可知，文章讲述了作者是一名热情地读者，孩提时喜欢阅读，工作在图书馆。有了孩子以后，一家人去图书馆读书，阅读的习惯代代传承下去，作为小说家，作者呼吁其他作家支持图书馆，宣传图书馆。因此推断全文围绕“作者对图书馆的爱”展开讲述。故D项“我对图书馆的爱”为最佳标题。故选D。

3.（2020·新课标III卷C篇）
With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation(孤独), more families are choosing to live together.
The doorway to peace and quiet, for Nick Bright at least, leads straight to his mother-in-law, she lives on the ground floor, while he lives upstairs with his wife and their two daughters.
Four years ago they all moved into a three-storey Victorian house in Bristol - one of a growing number of multigenerational families in the UK living together under the same roof. They share a front door and a washing machine, but Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen, bathroom, bedroom and living room on the ground floor.
“We floated the idea to my mum of sharing at a house,” says Kathryn Whitehead. Rita cuts in: “We spoke more with Nick because I think it’s a big thing for Nick to live with his mother-in-law.”
And what does Nick think? “From my standpoint, it all seems to work very well. Would I recommend it? Yes, I think I would.”
It’s hard to tell exactly how many people agree with him, but research indicates that the numbers have been rising for some time. Official reports suggest that the number of households with three generations living together had risen from 325,000 in 2001to 419,000 in 2013.
Other varieties of multigenerational family are more common. Some people live with their elderly parents; many more adult children are returning to the family home, if they ever left. It is said that about 20% of 25-34-year-olds live with their parents, compared with 16% in 1991.The total number of all multigenerational households in Britain is thought to be about 1.8 million.
Stories like that are more common in parts of the world where multigenerational living is more firmly rooted. In India, particularly outside cities, young women are expected to move in with their husband’s family when they get married.
28．Who mainly uses the ground floor in the Victorian house in Bristol?
A．Nick. B．Rita. C．Kathryn D．The daughters.
29．What is Nick’s attitude towards sharing the house with his mother-in -law?
A．Positive. B．Carefree. C．Tolerant. D．Unwilling.
30．What is the author’s statement about multigenerational family based on?
A．Family traditions. B．Financial reports. C．Published statistics. D．Public opinions.
31．What is the text mainly about?
A．Lifestyles in different countries. B．Conflicts between generations.
C．A housing problem in Britain. D．A rising trend of living in the UK.
【答案】28．B 29．A 30．C 31．D
【文章大意】这是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了在英国，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老年人又面临着被孤立的风险，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起，出现了多世同堂的现象。
28．细节理解题。根据第三段“ but Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen, bathroom, bedroom and living room on the ground floor.”可知，但Rita在一楼有自己的厨房、浴室、卧室和客厅。由此可知，Rita 在布里斯托尔的维多利亚式住宅中使用一楼。故选B项。
29．推理判断题。根据第五段“And what does Nick think? “From my standpoint, it all seems to work very well. Would I recommend it? Yes, I think I would.”可知，尼克是怎么想的?“从我的角度来看，一切都很顺利。我推荐它吗?是的，我想我会推荐在一起居住的。”由此判断出，尼克对和和岳母合住房子的态度是积极的。故选A项。
30．细节理解题。根据第六段“ Official reports suggest that the number of households with three generations living together had risen from 325,000 in 2002 to 419,000 in 2013.”官方报告显示，三代同堂的家庭数量从2002年的32.5万户增加到2013年的41.9万户。根据第七段“It is said that about 20% of 25-34-year-olds live with their parents, compared with 16% in 1991.The total number of all multigenerational households in Britain is thought to be about 1.8 million.”可知，据说，25-34岁的年轻人中有20%和父母住在一起，而1991年这一比例为16%。据估计，英国多代同堂的家庭总数约为180万。由此可知，作者关于多世同堂家庭的论述基于发布的统计数据。故选C项。
31．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段“With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation(孤独), more families are choosing to live together.”可知，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老年人又面临着被孤立的风险，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起。所以短文主要是关于英国生活方式的一种上升趋势。故选D项。

4. 【2020·江苏卷，D】
I was in the middle of the Amazon (亚马逊) with my wife, who was there as a medical researcher. We flew on a small plane to a faraway village. We did not speak the local language, did not know the customs, and more often than not, did not entirely recognize the food. We could not have felt more foreign.
We were raised on books and computers, highways and cell phones, but now we were living in a village without running water or electricity It was easy for us to go to sleep at the end of the day feeling a little misunderstood.
Then one perfect Amazonian evening, with monkeys calling from beyond the village green, we played soccer. I am not good at soccer, but that evening it was wonderful. Everyone knew the rules. We all spoke the same language of passes and shots. We understood one another perfectly. As darkness came over the field and the match ended, the goal keeper, Juan, walked over to me and said in a matter-of-fact way, “In your home, do you have a moon too?” I was surprised.
After I explained to Juan that yes, we did have a moon and yes, it was very similar to his, I felt a sort of awe (敬畏) at the possibilities that existed in his world. In Juan’s world, each village could have its own moon. In Juan’s world. the unknown and undiscovered was vast and marvelous. Anything was possible.
In our society, we know that Earth has only one moon. We have looked at our planet from every angle and found all of the wildest things left to find. I can, from my computer at home, pull up satellite images of Juan’s village. There are no more continents and no more moons to search for, little left to discover. At least it seems that way.
Yet, as I thought about Juan’s question, I was not sure how much more we could really rule out. I am, in part, an ant biologist, so my thoughts turned to what we know about insect life and I knew that much in the world of insects remains unknown. How much, though? How ignorant (无知的) are we? The question of what we know and do not know constantly bothered me.
I began collecting newspaper articles about new species, new monkey, new spider…, and on and on they appear. My drawer quickly filled. I began a second drawer for more general discoveries: new cave system discovered with dozens of nameless species, four hundred species of bacteria found in the human stomach. The second drawer began to fill and as it did I wondered whether there were bigger discoveries out there, not just species, but life that depends on things thought to be useless, life even without DNA. I started a third drawer for these big discoveries. It fills more slowly, but all the same, it fills.
In looking into the stories of biological discovery, I also began to find something else, a collection of scientists, usually brilliant occasionally half-mad, who made the discoveries. Those scientists very often see the same things that other scientists see, but they pay more attention to them, and they focus on them to the point of exhaustion (穷尽), and at the risk of the ridicule of their peers. In looking for the stories of discovery, I found the stories of these people and how their lives changed our view of the world.
We are repeatedly willing to imagine we have found most of what is left to discover. We used to think that insects were the smallest organisms (生物), and that nothing lived deeper than six hundred meters. Yet, when something new turns up, more often than not, we do not even know its name.
65. How did the author feel on his arrival in the Amazon?
A. Out of place. B. Full of joy. C. Sleepy. D. Regretful.
66. What made that Amazonian evening wonderful?
A. He learned more about the local language.
B. They had a nice conversation with each other.
C. They understood each other while playing.
D. He won the soccer game with the goal keeper.
67. Why was the author surprised at Juan’s question about the moon?
A. The question was too straightforward.
B. Juan knew so little about the world.
C. The author didn’t know how to answer.
D. The author didn’t think Juan was sincere.
68. What was the author’s initial purpose of collecting newspaper articles?
A. To sort out what we have known.
B. To deepen his research into Amazonians.
C. To improve his reputation as a biologist.
D. To learn more about local cultures.
69. How did those brilliant scientists make great discoveries?
A. They shifted their viewpoints frequently.
B. They followed other scientists closely.
C. They often criticized their fellow scientists.
D. They conducted in-depth and close studies.
70. What could be the most suitable title for the passage?
A. The Possible and the Impossible .
B. The Known and the Unknown .
C. The Civilized and the Uncivilized .
D. The Ignorant and the Intelligent.
【答案】65. A 66. C67. B68. A69. D70. B
【文章大意】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者和妻子来到了亚马逊，妻子是一名医学研究者。一踏上这里，作者感到非常不适应，通过与当地人的接触，作者了解一些人对外部的世界并不了解。在生物多样性发现的过程中，作者意识到，很多东西是人类已知的，还有很多是人类未知的。
65. 推理判断题。根据第一段“We didn’t speak the local language, did not know the customs and more often than not, didn’t entirely recognize the food. We couldn’t have felt more foreign.”可知，我们不会说当地的语言，不了解当地的风俗习惯，而且往往我们不能完全认识食物，我们感觉非常陌生。由此可知，作者一到达亚马逊感觉格格不入。故选A项。
66. 细节理解题。根据第三段“Everyone knew the rules. We all spoke the same language of passes and shots. We understood one another perfectly.”可知，每个人都知道规则，在传球和射门方面，我们说着同样的语言，彼此非常了解。由此可知，踢球时他们的彼此理解使得他们的亚马逊夜晚很美好。故选C项。
67. 推理判断题。根据第四段“In Juan’s world, the unknown and undiscovered was vast and marvelous.”可知，在胡安的世界里，未知的东西和未被发现的东西是浩瀚而神奇的。由此判断，胡安对这个世界知之甚少。故选B项。
68. 推理判断题。根据第七段“I began collecting newspaper articles about new species, new spider...,and on and on they appear, my drawer quickly filled, I began a second drawer for more general discoveries: new cave system discovered with dozens of nameless species ...I started a third drawer for these big discoveries.”可知，我开始收集报纸上关于新物种、新蜘蛛的文章……它们源源不断地出现，我的抽屉很快就填满了。我开始用第二个抽屉来储存更普遍的发现:在新的洞穴系统发现了几十个无名的物种……我还为这些重大发现准备了第三个抽屉。由此判断，作者收集报纸文章的初始目的是为了分类我们所知道的事情。故选A项。
69. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“but they pay more attention to them ,and they focus on them to the point of exhaustion ,and at the risk of the ridicule of their peers.”可知，但他们更多地关注这些发现，他们把注意力集中在这些发现上直到精疲力竭的地步，冒着被同龄人嘲笑的风险。由此可知，杰出的科学家进行深入细致的研究，做出重大的发现。故选D项。
70. 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作者和妻子来到了亚马逊。一踏上这里，作者感到非常不适应，通过与当地人的接触，作者了解到一些人对外部的世界并不了解。在对这里的风土人情和多样化生物的研究过程中，作者提高了认识，意识到很多东西是人类已知的，还有很多是人类未知的。所以短文的最佳标题为“已知和未知的事物”。故选B项。

5. 【2020·天津卷，D】
After years of observing human nature, I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance curiosity and discontent. I have never known an outstanding man who lacked either. And I have never known an average man who had both. The two belong together.
Together, these deep human urges (驱策力) count for much more that ambition. Galileo was not merely ambitious when he dropped objects of varying weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the ground. Like Galileo, all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent, “Why? Why? Why?”
Fortunately, curiosity and discontent don’t have to be learned. We are born with them and need only recapture them.
“The great man,” said Mencius (孟子), “is he who does not lose his child’s heart.” Yet most of us do lose it. We stop asking questions. We stop challenging custom. We just follow the crowd. And the crowd desires restful average. It encourages us to occupy our own little corner, to avoid foolish leaps into the dark, to be satisfied.
Most of us meet new people, and new ideas, with hesitation. But once having met and liked them, we think how terrible it would have been, had we missed the chance. We will probably have to force ourselves to waken our curiosity and discontent and keep them awake.
How should you start? Modestly, so as not to become discouraged. I think of one friend who couldn’t arrange flowers to satisfy herself. She was curious about how the experts did it. How she is one of the experts, writing books on flower arrangement.
One way to begin is to answer your own excuses. You haven’t any special ability? Most people don’t; there are only a few geniuses. You haven’t any time? That’s good, because it’s always the people with no time who get things done. Harriet Stowe, mother of six, wrote parts of Uncle Tom’s Cabin while cooking. You’re too old? Remember that Thomas Costain was 57 when he published his first novel, and that Grandma Moses showed her first pictures when she was 78.
However you start, remember there is no better time to start than right now, for you’ll never be more alive than you are at this moment.
51. In writing Paragraph 1, the author aims to ________.
A. propose a definition
B. make a comparison
C. reach a conclusion
D. present an argument
52. What does the example of Galileo tell us?
A. Trial and error leads to the finding of truth.
B. Scientists tend to be curious and ambitious.
C. Creativity results from challenging authority.
D. Greatness comes from a lasting desire to explore.
53. What can you do to recapture curiosity and discontent?
A. Observe the unknown around you.
B. Develop a questioning mind.
C. Lead a life of adventure.
D. Follow the fashion.
54. What can we learn from Paragraphs 6 and 7?
A. Gaining success helps you become an expert.
B. The genius tends to get things done creatively.
C. Lack of talent and time is no reason for taking no action.
D. You should remain modest when approaching perfection.
55. What could be the best tile or the passage?
A. Curious Minds Never Feel Contented
B. Reflections on Human Nature
C. The Keys to Achievement
D. Never Too Late to Learn

【答案】51. D52. D53. B54. C55. C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了获得成就的两个关键因素——好奇心和不满足。
51. 推理判断题。根据第一段内容After years of observing human nature, I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance curiosity and discontent. I have never known an outstanding man who lacked either. And I have never known an average man who had both. The two belong together.可知，作者经过多年对人性的观察，认为成就非凡的人和平庸的人的区别在于好奇心和不满足，而且两者是相辅相成的。由此推知，作者写第一段的目的是提出一个论点。故选D。
52. 推理判断题。根据第二段中的Like Galileo, all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent, “Why? Why? Why?”可知，像伽利略一样，历史上所有的伟人都感到好奇，并不满地问：“为什么？为什么？为什么？”由此推知，伽利略的例子告诉我们，伟大来自于持久的探索欲望。故选D。
53. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的Like Galileo, all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent, “Why? Why? Why?”及第四段中的“The great man,” said Mencius (孟子), “is he who does not lose his child’s heart.” Yet most of us do lose it. We stop asking questions. We stop challenging custom. We just follow the crowd.可知，历史上所有的伟人都感到好奇，并不满地问：“为什么？为什么？为什么？”孟子认为“不失去孩子的心，就是伟大的人。”然而，我们大多数人确实失去了它。我们不再问问题。我们不再挑战习俗。我们只是随大流。由此可知，你可以通过培养了一个善于提问的头脑，来重新获得好奇心和不满。故选B。
54. 推理判断题。根据第六段中的How she is one of the experts, writing books on flower arrangement.及第七段中的You haven’t any special ability? Most people don’t; there are only a few geniuses. You haven’t any time? That’s good, because it’s always the people with no time who get things done.以及列举了Thomas Costain在57岁时出版了他的第一部小说，Grandma Moses在78岁时展示了她的第一批照片。由此可知，这两段想告诉我们“缺乏天赋和时间不是不采取行动的理由”。故选C。
55. 主旨大意题。根据第一段内容After years of observing human nature, I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance curiosity and discontent. I have never known an outstanding man who lacked either. And I have never known an average man who had both. The two belong together.及下文论述可知，本文主要论述了获得成就的两个关键因素——好奇心和不满足。由此可知，C项The Keys to Achievement(成就的关键)适合做本文最佳标题。故选C。



三、模拟演练

1、
Volunteering means working for free to help someone else. Mrs. Obama says volunteering is very important. "It should be part of everyone's life,"she says.
Many teens agree. They say that helping others feels great and makes a difference. These days, more teensvolunteer than work for pay. Teens clean up parks, walk dogs at animal shelters, visit the elderly, and more.
Some cities— including Seattle, Chicago, and Washington, D．C．— require high school students to volunteer. Students must volunteer in order to graduate. The student volunteers learn new skills and help their communities( 社区).
Many parents subscribe to the idea they say volunteering helps teens build job skills. But most teens don't want to be forced to volunteer. They say they are busy. And they say volunteering is only fun if it's a choice.
Read both sides of the debate and decide.
Yes
Volunteering can help teens get into college or get a job.
Many cities and towns need help. Volunteers can help keep important programs going.
Not all teens will volunteer if it isn't required. Schools should require students to do all they can to get ready for adult life.
No
Most teens are already very busy with classes, homework, jobs, and sports. Forcing them to do more isn't fair.
It should be up to each person. Helping doesn't feel good if you must do it.
Finding a volunteer job isn't always easy. Students shouldn't be kept from graduating because of something they can't control.
12．It is known from the text that in Washington.D．C．___________.
A．everyone would like to volunteer
B．finding a volunteer job is not difficult
C．volunteering is a must for college students
D．high school students won't graduate if they don't volunteer
13．What does the underlined phrase "subscribe to" in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A．Correct. B．Like. C．Stress. D．Review.
14．How does the "No" side feel about volunteer jobs?
A．Volunteer jobs waste students' precious(宝贵的) time.
B．Volunteer jobs won't help teens prepare for their adult life.
C．Volunteer jobs are not as important as students' homework.
D．Students shouldn't be stopped from graduation because of not volunteering.
15．What does the text mainly talk about?
A．Who are best to do volunteer jobs.
B．Whether volunteering is good for students.
C．What kind of volunteer jobs students should do.
D．Whether students should be required to volunteer.

【答案】
12．D
13．B
14．D
15．D
【解析】这是一篇议论文。本文通过米歇尔·奥巴马引出自愿者这个话题，进而介绍了自愿者工作的情况，并且讨论了学生是否应该被要求做自愿者。
12．细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Some cities—including Seattle, Chicago, and Washington, D.C.—require high school students to volunteer. Students must volunteer in order to graduate.(一些城市——包括西雅图，芝加哥和华盛顿特区——需要高中生做志愿者。为了毕业学生必须要做志愿工作)”可知，在华盛顿特区，志愿者是高中生必须做的，否则不准毕业。故选D项。
13．词句猜测题。根据画线词所在句中“they say volunteering helps teens build job skills”可知，许多父母认为志愿者活动帮助青少年提高工作技能，由此可知，许多父母应是同意这个想法，画线短语“ subscribe to”意为 “赞成，同意”，与选项中Like(喜欢)意思接近，故选B项。
14．细节理解题。根据文章最后一句“Students shouldn't be kept from graduating because of something they can't control.(学生不应该因为一些他们无法控制的事情而被阻止毕业)”可知，反对方认为学生们不应该因为不参加志愿者活动而被阻止毕业，故选D项。
15．主旨大意题。通读全文，本文通过米歇尔·奥巴马引出自愿者这个话题，进而介绍了自愿者工作的情况，并结合第五段“Read both sides of the debate and decide.(读一读双方的辩论再决定)”可知，这篇文章主要讨论学生们是否应该被要求做志愿者，故选D项。

2、
Despite being used by 1.34 billion people each year, traveling on the Tube in London can actually be quite lonely. An unwritten rule encouraging silence, mixed with classic British reserve, means that even though you’re packed into enclosed space wit hundreds of other people, the morning trip can leave you feeling somewhat lonely.
One London resident, however, is trying to change this. “You get on the Tube here and it’s completely silent and it’s strange,” says Jonathan Dunne, an American living in London, who has started a campaign of giving out badges (徽章) with the slogan “Tube Chat?” last month, encouraging travelers in London to get talking to one another.
Although Dunne says he’s received mostly positive responses, there are always exceptions.
Londoner Brian Wilson responded with a campaign of his own, handing out 500 badges with the words “Don’t even think about it” on them. “ I can’t stand the idea of having to talk to strangers on the Tube on my way to work,” he said.
Michael Robinson, a student from London, agrees. “Being on the Tube is the only peace and quiet some people get on their journeys to and from work. It doesn’t need to be spoiled by people coming up and chatting to you,” he says.
“People assume that I just walk up and talk to strangers, which I don’t, but it’s been a great way to meet people you would never have normally spoken to,” Dunne says.So if you ever end up using public transport in London, why not say hello to the person next to you? Just make sure to check for a badge first.
12．Which partly leads to the silence on the Tube in London?
A．The government’s rule. B．People’s desire for quiet.
C．British people’s personality. D．Awareness of personal privacy.
13．What can the badge with “Tube Chat?” be seen as?
A．A request for keeping silent. B．A special way of greeting someone.
C．A signal of avoiding being disturbed. D．An encouragement to start a conversation.
14．Why does the author mention Brian and Micheal?
A．To stress the importance of communication.
B．To show not everyone agrees with Dunne’s idea.
C．To prove Londoners are speechless on the Tube.
D．To state the disadvantages of chatting with strangers.
15．What’s the best tile for the passage?
A．Silence on the Tube!
B．Tube Chat or Not
C．Lonely Travel in the London Tube
D．Tube Passengers Wearing Badges

【答案】
12．C
13．D
14．B
15．B
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章首先指出了伦敦地铁上因为人们相互间并不交流而显得安静、孤独，因此一个本地人Jonathan Dunne提出一项倡导在地铁上聊天的运动，此举受到人们积极的回应，但也有人提出反对。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“An unwritten rule encouraging silence, mixed with classic British reserve, means that even though you’re packed into enclosed space wit hundreds of other people, the morning trip can leave you feeling somewhat lonely.”（英国有一条不成文的规定，鼓励人们保持沉默，并带有典型的英式矜持。这意味着，即使你和成百上千的人挤在一个封闭的空间里，早晨的旅行也会让你感到有些孤独）可知，地铁上气氛沉闷的原因，是与英国人内向、寡言少语的性格有关。故选C项。
13．推理判断题。根据第二段中“who has started a campaign of giving out badges with the slogan"Tube Chat"last month, encouraging travelers in London to get talking to one another（上个月他开始了一项运动，发放带有“Tube Chat?”标语的徽章，以此鼓励伦敦的游人们与别人聊天）”可知，试图改变地铁上气氛沉闷这一现状的伦敦居民Dunne提出了倡议人们在地铁上主动发起聊天的运动，徽章上的标语“要在地铁上聊天吗？”就是鼓励游客们与他人聊天。故选D项。
14．推理判断题。根据第三段“Although Dunne says he’s received mostly positive responses, there are always exceptions.”可知，尽管Dunne的倡议受到很多人的肯定，但也有反对的声音，紧接着就给出了Brian和Michael的反对意见，提到他们就是为了佐证这一点，与B选项“并不是每个人都同意Dunne的想法”说法一致。故选B项。
15．主旨大意题。总览全文可知，文章从伦敦地铁上人们寡言少语、缺乏交流的现象出发，围绕着是否应该改变这种现状给出了不同的看法、意见，B选项“地铁是否聊天”中包含话题中心词Tube chat一词，也表达出了议论的话题，适合作为标题。故选B项。

3、
The playing field is never even or equal. Your skills and attitude play a major role in the outcome. Knowing what you can do to have an advantage can make the difference between success and failure.
My kids tell me it's unfair to play with the big children. I tell them that's right. Unfairness is a good thing. There is more to be gained by the effort when things seem unfair. It is true that many things in the world are unfair. But unfair things usually can be a boon to you. For example, the early bird catches the worm. It is unfair that the bird that sleeps in misses out on breakfast but it is nice to know that if it gets up early it is sure to get the worm.
I always try to explain to my kids that complaining about how unfair something is will get them nowhere. Instead, make the most out of it and get on the other side of it. Once you do that you are in the advantage. Above all, you have to focus on gaining that unfair advantage and in order to do that, build your inner strength, When you empower （武装） yourself, you are gaining skills or abilities， confidence and self-esteem （自尊）.
You should look at your place in the world. Where do you want to be financially, spiritually, emotionally, and physically ? You are creating your own story when you empower yourself.
You can build all the advantages that you need to live the life that you want. If you haven't yet, you need to make a list of all the things you want to experience in your new life. This will help you focus on building advantages so that you never have to say that it's Not Fair. When you do this then you will be able to realize that unfairness is a good thing and you will want to teach those around you to see unfairness in this way too.
12．What docs the underlined word "boon" in Paragraph 2 probably mean ?
A．Something that is very terrible. B．Something that is very helpful
C．Something that is very kind D．Something that is very scared
13．What can we infer from the example of the playing field used by the author?
A．The author wants to introduce his topic
B．The author wants to support his opinion
C．He wants tell us that having an advantage is needed
D．He wants to show skills and attitudes are important in playing games
14．What is the best way to deal with unfairness according to the author?
A．Just accept it. B．Thy to change it.
C．Simply ignore it. D．Make good use of it.
15．You are told to look at your place in the world in order to ________.
A．make yourself better B．be proud of yourself
C．have more confidence D．know others' advantages

【答案】
12．B
13．A
14．D
15．A
【解析】这是一篇议论文。作者认为不公平是普遍存在的现象，但不公平是有益处的。在竞争中，你的技能和态度对结果起着重要作用。知道你可以做什么来获得优势可以决定成功和失败。
12．词句猜测题。根据第二段“For example, the early bird catches the worm. It is unfair that the bird that sleeps in misses out on breakfast but it is nice to know that if it gets up early it is sure to get the worm.”（例如，早起的鸟有虫吃。睡懒觉的鸟错过了早餐是不公平的，但很高兴知道，如果它起得早，肯定会吃到虫子。）由此可知，公平的事情通常会给你带来益处。由此可知，划线词的意思是“有益处的东西”。故选B项。
13．推理判断题。根据第一段“The playing field is never even or equal. Your skills and attitude play a major role in the outcome. Knowing what you can do to have an advantage can make the difference between success and failure”（竞技场从来就不是平等的。你的技能和态度对结果起着重要作用。知道你可以做什么来获得优势可以决定成功和失败。）根据第二段“Unfairness is a good thing. There is more to be gained by the effort when things seem unfair. It is true that many things in the world are unfair.”（ 不公平是件好事。当事情看起来不公平的时候，努力会得到更多。的确，世界上很多事情都是不公平的。）由此判断出，竞技场的例子是为了介绍主题。故选A项。
14．细节理解题。根据第三段“I always try to explain to my kids that complaining about how unfair something is will get them nowhere. Instead, make the most out of it and get on the other side of it.” （我总是向我的孩子们解释，抱怨不公平的事情会让他们一事无成。相反，充分利用它。）由此可知，根据作者的观点，处理不公平的最好方法是充分利用它。故选D项。
15．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“You should look at your place in the world. Where do you want to be financially, spiritually, emotionally, and physically ? You are creating your own story when you empower yourself.”（ 你应该看看你在世界上的位置。你想在经济上、精神上、情感上和身体上处于什么位置?当你赋予自己力量时，你正在创造自己的故事。）由此判断出，你被告知要看看你在这个世界上的位置，以便使自己更好。故选A项。

4、
Nowadays medical technology seems to be advanced enough for doctors to perform brain transplants (移植). Though this procedure has only been successfully performed on animals so far, doctors are still hoping to perform this procedure on humans. However, in my opinion, brain transplants should not be performed at all, especially not on humans because of the large number of problems and side effects that could come along with. Hopefully these dangerous side effects will convince doctors not to perform this procedure on humans.
Despite many benefits technology brings, I do not think this medical technology of brain transplants will help. We were all born with one brain and through childhood to adolescence our mind developed into who we are, so if with a different brain we would no longer be unique. A person with a different brain would seem to be a total stranger and in many ways they would be. No one should steal our identity from us, even if we are seriously injured, and change it to a completely new one. Also for the people who have died with healthy brains, that was their identity and it should not be given to anyone else.
Another problem with brain transplants is how doctors can choose what are “healthy” or “normal” brains. An elderly person who has died would have an aged brain that would not be as efficient as a younger person’s brain. Then would doctors have to find healthy brains of the same age as the person who needs it? This could also bring up other factors such as intelligence, gender, or physical problems that a person might have had before death. Also another problem might be how long a brain can be kept “alive” after death and how it can be kept “alive” without damage.
Overall, my feelings about this surgery are that it should not be done on humans until doctors have overcome all the problems and obstacles (障碍) that stand in their way of making human brain transplants successful.
12．Why does the author think brain transplants should not be performed at all?
A．The cost of the surgery is extremely high.
B．Doctors are not able to perform brain transplants.
C．A good many problems and side effects may arise.
D．This procedure has only been successful on animals.
13．What is the second paragraph mainly about?
A．People shouldn’t give their healthy brains to others.
B．Having a brain transplant means losing one’s identity.
C．Transplanting brains is changing old brains into new ones.
D．Having brain transplants indicates stealing identity from others.
14．What do we know about “healthy” brains?
A．Aged brains aren’t healthy brains. B．Young brains are always healthy.
C．Healthy brains cannot be kept “alive”. D．It’s very difficult to tell healthy brains.
15．What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?
A．To encourage brain donation.
B．To stress the importance of brain operation.
C．To argue against brain transplants on humans.
D．To introduce the technology of brain transplants.

【答案】
12．C
13．B
14．D
15．C
【解析】这是一篇议论文。虽然医疗技术越来越发达，在动物身上已经成功实施了脑部移植，但是作者认为不应该进行脑部移植，尤其是人类脑部移植。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段中“However, in my opinion, brain transplants should not be performed at all, especially not on humans because of the large number of problems and side effects that could come along with.”可知，作者认为完全不应该做脑部移植手术，尤其是在人类身上，因为可能会随之而来大量的问题和副作用。故选C项。
13．段落大意题。根据第二段内容，尤其是“We were all born with one brain and through childhood to adolescence our mind developed into who we are, so if with a different brain we would no longer be unique.(我们生来都只有一个大脑，从童年到青年，我们的思想逐渐形成现在的自己，所以如果我们有个不同的大脑，我们将不再独特)”及“Also for the people who have died with healthy brains, that was their identity and it should not be given to anyone else.(同样，对于有健康大脑而去世的人，那是他们的身份，不应该给其他任何人)”可知，第二段主要讲做脑部移植意味着失去自己的身份，故选B项。
14．细节理解题。根据第三段第一句Another problem with brain transplants is how doctors can choose what are “healthy” or “normal” brains.(脑部移植的另一个问题是，医生如何选择什么是“健康的”或者“正常的”大脑)可知，很难辨别“健康的”大脑。故选D项。
15．推理判断题。通读全文可知，第一段中作者提出自己的观点“in my opinion, brain transplants should not be performed at all, especially not on humans(我认为，完全不应该做脑部移植手术，尤其是在人类身上)”，接下来具体分析为什么不赞成脑部移植，最后一段作者再次强调“it should not be done on humans…(它不应该在人类身上实施……)”，所以本文的目的是反对人类脑部移植。故选C项。

5、
Thirteen-year-old Kaylee has a lot of friends—532, actually, if you count up her online friends. And she spends a lot of time with them.
But is it possible that Kaylee’s online friendships could be making her lonely? That’s what some experts believe. Connecting online is a great way to stay in touch, they say. However, some experts worry that many kids are so busy connecting online that they might be missing out on true friendships.
Could this be true? During your parents’ childhoods, connecting with friends usually meant spending time with them in the flesh. Kids played Scrabble around a table, not Words With Friends on their phones. When friends missed each other, they picked up the telephone. Friends might even write letters to each other.
Today, most communication takes place online. A typical teen sends 2,000 texts a month and spends more than 44 hours per week in front of a screen. Much of this time is spent on social media platforms(平台).
In fact, in many ways, online communication can make friendships stronger, “There’s definitely a positive influence. Kids can stay in constant contact, which means they can share more of their feelings with each other,” says Katie Davis, co-author of The App Generation.
Other experts, however, warn that too much online communication can get in the way of forming deep friendships. “If we are constantly checking in with our virtual words, we will have little time for our real-world friendships.” says Larry Rosen, a professor at California State University. Rosen also worries that today’s kids might mistake the “friends” on the social media for true friends in life. However, in tough times, you don’t need someone to like your picture or share your blogs. You need someone who will keep your secrets and hold your hand. You would like to talk face to face.
12．What is the purpose of the first paragraph?
A．To summarize the text.
B．To tell about true friends.
C．To bring up a discussion.
D．To encourage online friendship.
13．What does the underlined part “in the flesh” mean in Paragraph 3?
A．In any case. B．In person.
C．In full measure. D．In advance.
14．What is Katie’s attitude towards online communication?
A．Worried. B．Unconcerned. C．Confused. D．Positive.
15．What view does Rosen hold?
A．It’s wise to turn to friends online.
B．It’s easier to develop friendships in reality.
C．Teenagers need focus on real-world friendships.
D．Social media help people stay closely connected.

【答案】
12．C
13．B
14．D
15．C
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。现在的青少年把更多的时间用于网上交友，这样的现象让专家很担忧。专家认为青少年如果不断地关注虚拟世界，他们将几乎没有时间在现实世界建立真正的友谊。
12．推理判断题。根据第一段“Thirteen-year-old Kaylee has a lot of friends — 532, actually, if you count up her online friends. And she spends a lot of time with them.(13岁的凯莉有很多朋友——事实上，如果你把她的网上朋友加起来，有532个。她花了很多时间和他们在一起。)”和第二段的“But is it possible that Kaylee’s online friendships could be making her lonely?（但有没有可能她网络上的朋友让她感到孤独呢？）”可知，第一段阐述了在网络上有很多朋友的现象，而第二段就此现象提出了一个疑问。由此推知，第一段目的是提出一个讨论的话题，从而引出下文对于这个话题的讨论。故选C项。
13．词义猜测题。根据画线短语前的“During your parent’s childhoods(在你们父母的童年时期)”和画线短语后的“Kids played Scrabble around a table, not Words With Friends on their phones.(孩子们围着桌子玩拼字游戏，而不是和朋友们用手机玩文字游戏。)”可知，在你父母的童年时期，与朋友相处通常意味着亲自花时间与他们在一起。孩子们围着桌子玩拼字游戏，而不是在手机上玩Words With Friends。由此推知，in the flesh意为“亲自”，故选B项。
14．推理判断题。根据第五段中的“In fact, in many ways, online communication can make friendships stronger, ‘There’s definitely a positive influence. Kids can stay in constant contact, which means they can share more of their feelings with each other’ (事实上，在很多方面，网上交流可以让友谊更加牢固。‘这绝对有积极的影响。孩子们可以经常联系，这意味着他们可以更多地分享彼此的感受。’)” 可推知，Katie对网络交流持乐观态度。故选D项。
15．推理判断题。根据第六段中的“Other experts, however, warn that too much online communication can get in the way of forming deep friendships. “If we are constantly checking in with our virtual words, we will have little time for our real-world friendships.” says Larry Rosen, a professor at California State University. Rosen also worries that today’s kids might mistake the “friends” on the social media for true friends in life. (然而，其他专家警告说，过多的网上交流可能会妨碍建立深厚的友谊。如果我们不断地使用虚拟世界的语言，我们就没有多少时间来处理现实世界中的友谊了。加州州立大学教授拉里·罗森说。罗森还担心，现在的孩子可能会把社交媒体上的“朋友”误认为生活中真正的朋友。)”可知，如果我们不断关注我们的虚拟世界，我们将几乎没有时间留给现实世界的友谊。Rosen担心孩子们可能会把社交媒体上的朋友错当成生活中真正的朋友。由此推知，Rosen认为青少年需要关注现实世界的友谊。故选C项。

6、
Psychological stress is likely to surface during a human mission to Mars. Prof Jeff Johnson thinks an on-board “comedian” could keep spirits up during the long journey. He is drawing on his research on the differing teambuilding approaches of competing polar explorers Roald Amundsen and Robert Falcon Scott to prove his point. Amundsen’s team made it to the South Pole and back while Scott’s died on the return journey.
Well, Roald Amundsen actually put people through tests before they set off to make sure that they would take orders and, in particular, whether they would challenge any of them. Amundsen would set up situations where there would be an ambiguous context to see what their responses would be, and if somebody questioned him, they were out. However, if you read Amundsen’s diary, he writes that Lindstrøm, the cook, was basically the most important person on the expedition.
Lindstrøm was the comedian. He didn’t actually go to the South Pole, but you’ve got to remember that the walking expedition was a small component of the overall time that they were on the ice. They were there for well over a year, waiting to walk to the Pole. They had to wait during the winter and it’s a very tense time when people are idle (懒散的). Lindstrøm played an essential role in keeping the peace in the group when there were tense moments, and he would do something funny to get everybody to laugh, which would break the tension.
There are individuals who have these certain natural abilities that you want to be able to recognize and include when you’re putting together groups that are going to be isolated, such as those going into space. There are a number of different roles that we’ve discovered are important, but one of them is somebody who has humour. That’s clearly important. So, you’d want to have somebody like Lindstrøm, somebody who is not only good at what they have to do (he was a very good cook) but who also has another skillset beyond what’s in the job description.
We can put people together thinking that they’re going to work together in a certain way, but over the course of time a crisis is bound to happen. There are the kinds of things that make groups more adaptable and help them function better. You can think about it in terms of atoms: when you put different elements together, they produce different kinds of things. It’s the same with people. They may have their own characteristics, but when you put them together, they’re going to create a different kind of situation and we want to have a better idea of what that might be.
4．By comparing Amundsen with Scott, the author intends to __________.
A．contradict his previous statements B．introduce the topic of the passage
C．illustrate the importance of a comedian D．emphasize the necessity of team spirits
5．What was the very quality Amundsen was valuing in his interview?
A．Willingness to take orders. B．Optimism about success.
C．Eagerness to make progress. D．Curiosity about mysteries.
6．For what reason was Lindstrøm regarded as a key figure on the expedition?
A．He went against the command of the Amundsen in every circumstance.
B．He could make up many jokes about other team members to ease tension.
C．Besides cooking tasty dishes, he was capable of easing tension when it arose.
D．When a vacancy appeared, he was always ready to fill it in and made it work.
7．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
A．Comedians, keys to landing on Mars B．Atoms, roles of members in a team
C．Teamwork, secret to overall success D．Amundsen, example for group leaders

【答案】
4．C
5．A
6．C
7．A
【解析】这是一篇议论文。主要介绍的是在人类的火星任务中，杰夫•约翰逊教授认为，一名机上的“喜剧演员”可以在长途旅行中保持精神抖擞。“喜剧演员”成为了登陆火星的关键。
4．推理判断题。根据第一段的Prof Jeff Johnson thinks an on-board “comedian” could keep spirits up during the long journey. He is drawing on his research on the differing team building approaches of competing polar explorers Roald Amundsen and Robert Falcon Scott to prove his point. 杰夫•约翰逊教授认为，一个在船（或飞机、车）上的“喜剧演员”可以在长途旅行中保持精神抖擞。他利用自己对极地探险家罗尔德·阿蒙森(Roald Amundsen)和罗伯特·法尔肯·斯科特(Robert Falcon Scott)不同团队建设方法的研究来证明自己的观点。由此可以推知，通过比较阿蒙森和斯科特，作者试图说明“喜剧演员”的重要性。故选C。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段的Well, Roald Amundsen actually put people through tests before they set off to make sure that they would take orders罗尔德·阿蒙森(Roald Amundsen)让人们在出发前进行测试，以确保他们会接受命令，由此可知，阿蒙森在面试中看重的品质是愿意接受命令，故选A。
6．细节理解题。根据第二段的Lindstrøm, the cook, was basically the most important person on the expedition.可知Lindstrøm是一个厨师，以及第三段的Lindstrøm played an essential role in keeping the peace in the group when there were tense moments, and he would do something funny to get everybody to laugh, which would break the tension. Lindstrøm在团队里在保持平静这方面扮演了一个至关重要的角色，当面对紧张时刻时，他会做一些有趣的让每个人都笑，将这紧张打破。Lindstrøm被视为一个关键人物是因为除了烹饪美味佳肴，他还能在紧张情绪出现时缓解紧张情绪。故选C。
7．主旨大意题。通读全文以及根据第一段的Psychological stress is likely to surface during a human mission to Mars. Prof Jeff Johnson thinks an on-board “comedian” could keep spirits up during the long journey. 在人类的火星任务中，心理压力很可能会浮出水面。杰夫•约翰逊教授认为，一名机上的“喜剧演员”可以在长途旅行中保持精神抖擞。可知“喜剧演员”，登上火星的关键可以是文章最好的标题，故选A。

7、
Cyberspace （网络空间）is constantly developing and presenting new opportunities, as the desire of businesses to quickly adopt new technologies, such as using the Internet to open new channels and adopting cloud services, provides vast opportunity. But, it also brings unexpected risks and unintended consequences that can have a potentially negative effect.
Hardly a day goes by without news of a new cyber threat. Unfortunately, businesses tend to misjudge how much risk they face from cyber-crimes and how quickly this risk can develop. For them, the commercial, reputational and financial risks that go with cyberspace presence are real and growing every day.
So all businesses need to do now is establish cyber security within their organization, right?
Establishing cyber security alone is not enough. Nowadays, it is not very difficult for attackers to break security and stop the overall business system. Preventive measures are not enough to stop them. With the advancement of technology, hackers （黑客）have been changing and developing. So business risk management should include risk resilience （复原力）so that businesses can respond to any damaging cyberspace activity. Cyber resilience helps businesses successfully recover to their pre-attack business processes and business operations.
Building cyber resilience is not easy. A key finding of an authentic cyber-resilience report is that no organisation can respond effectively on its own to the threats from cyberspace. Organisations must work together to share intelligence and resources. In this way, the quality, usability and authenticity of intelligence will be greatly improved.
12．What is the purpose of the first paragraph?
A．To describe the development of cyberspace.
B．To show the great contributions from business.
C．To explain the technologies adopted by businesses.
D．To draw attention to potential dangers from cyberspace.
13．What's the author's concern about the businesses?
A．Awareness of safety.
B．Financial conditions.
C．Commercial management.
D．Judgement of development.
14．Why is cyber resilience currently necessary?
A．It can prevent attacks.
B．Threats are always transforming.
C．Cyber security doesn't work now.
D．It keeps all the hackers off the internet.
15．What's the main idea of the last paragraph?
A．An organization alone can build effective resilience.
B．True resilience requires joined efforts from organizations.
C．There is a great amount of difficulty in building resilience.
D．The cyberspace threat is nothing when cooperation is used.

【答案】
12．D
13．A
14．B
15．B
【解析】这是一篇议论文。网络的迅速发展带来了机遇的同时也带来了意想不到的风险和可能产生潜在负面影响的意想不到的后果。作者认为所有企业现在需要做的就是联合起来在他们的组织内建立网络安全。
12．推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“But, it also brings unexpected risks and unintended consequences that can have a potentially negative effect.”（但是，它也带来了意想不到的风险和可能产生潜在负面影响的意想不到的后果。）可知，第一段是为了吸引对网络空间的潜在危险的关注。故选D。
13．推理判断题。根据第二段第二句“Unfortunately, businesses tend to misjudge how much risk they face from cyber-crimes and how quickly this risk can develop.”（不幸的是，企业往往会误判他们面临的网络犯罪风险有多大，以及这种风险发展的速度有多快。）可知，作者认为企业对网络安全的认识不足。故选A。
14．细节理解题。根据第四段第四句“With the advancement of technology, hackers （黑客）have been changing and developing.”（随着科技的进步，黑客也在不断变化和发展。）可知，因为威胁一直在变化，所以现在网络复原力是必要的。故选B。
15．主旨大意题。根据最后一段最后两句“Organisations must work together to share intelligence and resources. In this way, the quality, usability and authenticity of intelligence will be greatly improved.”（各组织必须共同努力，共享情报和资源。这样，情报的质量、可用性和真实性将大大提高。）可知，最后一段主要是讲真正的复原力需要组织的共同努力。故选B。

8、（湖北省石首市第一中学2021-2022学年高三月考）
Most people think that women are naturally kind, cry too much and think with their hearts, instead of using their heads like men. Meanwhile, men are thought to be born to be rational creatures who naturally know how to lead and do math. However, statistics on personality types report that 75. 5% of women are Feelers and 56. 5% of men are Thinkers. So, right now we see that a huge number of men about 43%- -have Feeling preferences.
According to these numbers, only 25% of women are Thinkers. A majority of women tested are Feelers, but are a majority of women born as Feelers? In many regards, women are still expected to uphold the feminine(女性的) goals of half a century ago- stay pretty, have babies, keep a tidy home, and cook a good nutritious meal every night. Now, in addition to those old standards, most women plan on working and having careers. But even in the workplace, showing a Thinking preference can be problematic. Women who take charge or offer criticism may be seen 88 bossy,
Of courser the question goes to the Thinking men. Boys learn at a young age that being emotional or sensitive can be seen to be less strong. They have been taught not to cry to show that they are brave enough to bear any sufferings. In that case, they are more likely to be less of Feelers.
Maybe Feeler women and Thinker men are not naturally 80.
There is nothing wrong with being a Feeler woman or a Thinker man. Being a Feeler does not mean that you're a rollercoaster of emotions who might knock over a table at any moment, nor does being a Thinker mean that you are an infallible robot designed to make heartless decisions. Regardless of gender. your personality and preferences are completely valid; neither Thinking nor Feeling is right or wrong, good or bad. And of course, people, who prefer a Thinking style still have feelings, and Feelers can be extremely intelligent.
8．What is the common belief about men according to paragraph 1?
A．They prefer to be math teachers. B．They tend to think with their heads.
C．They seem ruder and more merciless. D．They are emotional group leaders.
9．What mainly makes women become Feelers?
A．Their working experiences. B．The social expectations.
C．The born characteristics. D．Their family backgrounds,
10．What can be learned from the last paragraph?
A．Personality is not necessarily limited to a type.
B．Feelers and Thinkers can hardly live in harmony,
C．A Thinker is certain to make heartless decisions.
D．A Feeler is emotionally changeable all the time.
11．What can be the best title for the text?
A．Does Personality Change Over the Time?
B．Is Personality Only Determined by Gender?
C．Are Feeler Women and Thinker Men Born to Be So?
D．Can Feelers and Thinkers Get On Well With Each Other?

【答案】
8．B
9．B
10．A
11．C
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。人们通常认为女人天是感受者而男人天生是思考者，然而这并不是绝对的，个性并不一定局限于某一种类型。
8．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Most people think that women are naturally kind, cry too much and think with their hearts, instead of using their heads like men. Meanwhile, men are thought to be born to be rational creature who naturally know how to lead and do math”（大多数人认为女人天生善良，爱哭，用心思考，而不是像男人那样动脑思考。与此同时，男人被认为是天生的理性生物，天生知道如何领导和做数学。）可知，人们通常认为男人是理性思考者。故选B。
9．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“ In many regards, women are still expected to uphold the feminine(女性的) goals of half a century ago- stay pretty, have babies, keep a tidy home, and cook a good nutritious meal every night. Now, in addition to those old standards, most women plan on working and having careers. But even in the workplace, showing a Thinking preference can be problematic. Women who take charge or offer criticism may be seen 88 bossy,”（在许多方面，人们仍然期望女性坚持半个世纪前的女性目标——保持漂亮，生孩子，保持家庭整洁，每天晚上做一顿营养丰富的晚餐。现在，除了那些旧标准，大多数女性计划工作和事业。但即使在工作场合，表现出思维偏好也是有问题的。主事或提出批评的女性可能被认为是专横跋扈的,）可推知，主要是社会期望使女性变成了感受者。故选B。
10．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Being a Feeler does not mean that you're a rollercoaster of emotions who might knock over a table at any moment, nor does being a Thinker mean that you are an infallible robot designed to make heartless decisions.”（做一个感觉者并不意味着你是一个随时可能打翻桌子的情绪过山车，做一个思考者也不意味着你是一个绝对正确的机器人，被设计来做无情的决定。）及“And of course, people, who prefer a Thinking style still have feelings, and Feelers can be extremely intelligent.”（当然，喜欢思考方式的人仍然有感觉，而“感觉者”可能非常聪明。）可推知，个性并不一定局限于某一种类型。故选A。
11．主旨大意题。大多数人认为女人天生善良，爱哭，用心思考，而不是像男人那样动脑思考。与此同时，男人被认为是天生的理性生物，天生知道如何领导和做数学。然而，根据性格类型的统计数据显示，75.5%的女性是“感受者”，56.5%的男性是“思考者”。可知，本文在探讨“是否女人就是天生的感受者而男人就是天生的思考者”。根据最后一段“Being a Feeler does not mean that you're a rollercoaster of emotions who might knock over a table at any moment, nor does being a Thinker mean that you are an infallible robot designed to make heartless decisions.”做一个感觉者并不意味着你是一个随时可能打翻桌子的情绪过山车，做一个思考者也不意味着你是一个绝对正确的机器人，被设计来做无情的决定。由此可知，人们通常认为女人天是感受者而男人天生是思考者，然而这并不是绝对的，个性并不一定局限于某一种类型。所以短文的最佳标题为“是否女人就是天生的感受者而男人就是天生的思考者”。故选C。

9、（辽宁省沈阳市郊联体2021-2022学年高三月考）
I grew up in a home with a mother who believes that vaccines cause brain damage, and do not contribute to the health and safety of a society. The only shot I received was for tetanus when I was two months old. After that, nothing.
At the beginning of each school year, I was very nervous. Delayed term paper? Mischievous behavior? Late for school? None of them. I'd be pulled out of class and brought to the headmaster's office. The school doctor would tell me I haven' received any of the necessary shots to attend school. But the same thing occurred each time: my mom would exempt me from the shots and nothing would happen.
After doing a lot of research, I found although people who don't vaccinate their children make up only a relatively small group, they can cause major consequences. People who, for health or age reasons, cannot receive vaccines are at a higher risk of catching a preventable disease.
Eventually, I turned 18. In Ohio, where I live, I had to wait until I became a legal adult to make the decision to receive vaccine shots. A huge factor in taking the step to ensure my health was the message board website Reddit. Last November, I asked Reddit users for advice about what vaccines to ask for and how to go about getting them from a doctor. After my post reeve more than 1,000 comments, I made an appointment with my family physician. Despite how strongly my mother felt, I went through with it anyway.
I did something every person should do. It wasn't special in any way. Vaccines protect the health and safety of not only yourself but also other people. Vaccination is important because someone could die if you don' t get vaccinated. This was the biggest reason I got vaccinated despite the opposition.
8．What do we know about the author from Paragraph 1?
A．He was born disabled. B．He was hardly ever vaccinated.
C．He suffered a lot from tetanus. D．He grew up with his single mother.
9．What made the author nervous at the beginning of each school year?
A．He was late for school.
B．He didn't behave himself.
C．He couldn't hand in his term paper on time.
D．He would be called to the headmaster's office.
10．How might the author's mother have felt about his appointment with the family physician?
A．Annoyed B．Grateful C．Excited D．Guilty
11．What does the author mainly want to tell us through his story?
A．Listening to your mother pays off. B．Doing the right thing matters.
C．Keeping fit is the best policy. D．Asking for advice helps.

【答案】
8．B
9．D
10．A
11．B
【解析】
本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过自己接种疫苗的经历告诉读者：疫苗不仅保护你自己，而且保护其他人的健康和安全。接种疫苗很重要，因为如果你不接种，有人可能会死。这也是作者不顾反对接种疫苗的最大原因。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The school doctor would tell me I hadn’t received any of the necessary shots to attend school.(学校的医生会告诉我，我没有接受过任何必要的上学必须要进行的接种)”可知，学期初作者被叫到校长办公室是因为他几乎从来没有接种过疫苗。故选B。
9．细节理解题。根据第二段中“At the beginning of each school year, I was very nervous. Delayed term paper? Mischievous behavior? Late for school? None of them. I'd be pulled out of class and brought to the headmaster's office.(每学年开始的时候，我都很紧张。推迟了学期论文吗？淘气的行为？上学迟到吗？一个都不是。我会被拉出教室，带到校长办公室)”可知，作者将被叫到校长办公室，让作者在每学年开始时感到紧张。故选D。
10．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Despite how strongly my mother felt, I went through with it anyway.(不管我妈妈强烈反对，我还是坚持了下来)”可推知，妈妈对于作者与家庭医生的约会感动恼怒。故选A。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“I did something every person should do.(我做了每个人都应该做的事情)”和以及下文“Vaccines protect the health and safety of not only yourself but also other people. Vaccination is important because someone could die if you don’t get vaccinated.(疫苗不仅保护你自己，而且保护其他人的健康和安全。接种疫苗很重要，因为如果你不接种，有人可能会死)”可推断，作者通过他的经历告诉我们做正确的事情，对己对人都有好处。故选B。

10、（辽宁省沈阳市郊联体2021-2022学年高三月考）
Have you ever noticed that some difficult situations tend to repeat themselves? Does it seem as if you married or dated the same kind of person several times in different bodies with different names? Have you run into the same type of boss over and over again? If you don't deal well with authority figures at home, then you will have an opportunity to deal with them out in the world.
You may try desperately to avoid these repeated difficult situations, which seem to have become your set patterns, but they will eventually catch up with you. The only way you can free yourself of them is to shift your perspective on them seriously and persistently. To face the challenge means you need to bravely accept the fact that something within you keeps drawing you to the same kind of person or issue repeatedly in your life. This is no easy task, since it means you have to change, and to change is not always easy. Staying just as you certainly is comfortable in its familiarity, but does not help you advance spiritually.
Rising to the challenge of identifying and releasing your patterns forces you to admit that the way you have been doing things isn't working. However, the good news is that by identifying and releasing your patterns, you actually learn how to change. In order to facilitate your process of change, you will need willingness and patience.
When struggling to make a change, ask yourself, "How willing am I, really, to make this change?" If you truly want to change, you will make a commitment to the process of it. If you absolutely hate getting stuck in traffic, chances are that you need a little work in the area of patience. And, chances are, you will probably get stuck in more traffic jams than someone who has patience. It is not because the universe has a sense of humor. You just notice and care about the traffic more than someone who has patience. Remember, you just need willingness and a little patience. Once you master these, you will most likely find the challenge of identifying and releasing your patterns far less frightening.
12．How can you get rid of repeated difficult situations in your life?
A．By trying your best to avoid those disappointing situations.
B．By taking a different attitude towards previous life.
C．By gathering up the courage to change your identity.
D．By changing your viewpoint on them with great determination.
13．What's the author's attitude towards the idea of staying just as you are?
A．Disapproving. B．Skeptical C．Supportive. D．Casual
14．What does the underlined word "facilitate" in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．Promote B．Postpone C．Influence D．Overlook
15．What is the effect of mastering willingness and patience according to the passage?
A．Guiding you to identify your old patterns.
B．Making your changes become easier.
C．Challenging you with difficult patterns.
D．Arousing your inner desire to challenge yourself.

【答案】
12．D
13．A
14．A
15．B
【解析】
这是一篇议论文。文章认为面对生活中反复出现的困境，我们应该通过下定决心改变观点来摆脱，通过坚定的耐心和意愿来促进改变。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“The only way you can free yourself of them is to shift your perspective on them seriously and persistently.”(唯一能让你摆脱它们的方法就是认真而持久地改变你对它们的看法。)可知，你可以通过下定决心改变你的观点来摆脱生活中反复出现的困境。故选D。
13．推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句“This is no easy task, since it means you have to change, and to change is not always easy. Staying just as you certainly is comfortable in its familiarity, but does not help you advance spiritually. ”(这不是一项容易的任务，因为这意味着你必须改变，而改变并不总是容易的。待在熟悉的环境中，你当然感到舒适，但这并不能帮助你在精神上进步。)可知，作者对保持原样的态度是不赞同的。故选A。
14．词句猜测题。根据第三段最后一句中的“you will need willingness and patience”(你需要意愿和耐心)可知，此处是指需要用意愿和耐心来促进改变。所以facilitate意为“促进”。故选A。
15．细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“Once you master these, you will most likely find the challenge of identifying and releasing your patterns far less frightening.”(一旦你掌握了这些，你很可能会发现识别和释放你的模式的挑战就不再那么可怕了。)和第二句 “If you truly want to change, you will make a commitment to the process of it.”(如果你真的想要改变，你就要对改变的过程做出承诺。)可知，根据文章，掌握意愿和耐心的效果是使你的改变变得更容易。故选B。