【中考二轮复习】2023年英语高频考点汇编——学案03 冠词（解析+原卷版）
展开学案04 动词（短语）
备考2023中考英语二轮高频考点剖析学案
考点扫描☆聚焦中考
动词是用来描述主语的动作行为或状态的一类词。动词在句中作谓语，用来说明主语是什么、处于什么状态或做什么。动词有不同的形式，这些形式体现了动作发生的时间、语态等信息。中考对动词的考查方式灵活、题型多样。在备战中考时，考生要牢记近义动词及动词短语的不同含义，多做练习，在实践中加以区分。
高频考点一：动词的分类
分类 | 特点 | 例句 |
实义动词 | 表示动作或状态，有完整的词义，能独立作谓语。按其带不带宾语可分为及物动词和不及物动词。 | Give me some ink, please. 请给我一些墨水。 He works hard. 他工作努力。 |
连系动词 | 本身有词义，不能独立作谓语，必须和表语一起构成谓语，说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份等。 | He is a teacher. 他是一位老师。 They look the same. 他们看起来一样。 |
助动词 | 本身无词义，不能独立作谓语，只能和实义动词一起构成谓语。可用来表示否定、疑问、时态、语态、语气等。 | I am watching TV. 我正在看电视。 I don’t speak English. 我不说英语。 |
情态动词 | 本身有一定的意义，表示人的语气和情态，不可单独作谓语，须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语。 | Tom can swim. 汤姆会游泳。 May I come in? 我可以进来吗？ |
高频考点二：实义动词
分类 | 用法 | 例句 | |
及物 动词 | 能直接跟宾语 | She bought a hook yesterday. 她昨天买了一本书。 | |
【知识拓展】 1. 单宾语动词：即只可接一个宾语的动词，如：accept接受；discover发现；enjoy享受；forget忘记；borrow借入；buy买；catch抓；invent发明；found建造；like喜欢；find寻找；forget忘记；receive接受；see看见；say说；show展示；make做；tell告诉等。 I’m sorry that I forgot your address. 对不起，我忘了你的地址。 2. 双宾语动词：即后接间接宾语(指人)和直接宾语(指物)的动词，如：give给；buy买；pay付款；hand递；read读；return返还；sell卖等。 I am going to return him the books tomorrow afternoon. 我明天下午要把书还给他。 3. 接复合宾语的动词：后接宾语和宾补的动词，如：believe相信；find发现；hear听见，听说；keep保持；make使得；see看见等。 They kept him waiting at the door for twenty minutes. 他们让他在门口等了20分钟。 4. 接动名词作宾语的动词：如advise建议；consider考虑；finish完成；imagine想象；practise练习；suggest建议等。 She practises playing the piano every day. 她每天都练习弹钢琴。 5. 接不定式作宾语的动词：如agree同意；decide决定，下决心；hope希望；refuse拒绝；manage设法等。 Bill refused to take responsibility for the accident. 比尔拒绝对那次事故负责任。 | |||
不及物动词 | 不能直接跟宾语 | He is waiting for you at the gate. 他在门口等着你。 | |
【知识拓展】 常见的不及物动词：ache疼痛；appear出现；arise出现，上升，起立；arrive到达；belong属于；care关心；come来；cough咳嗽；cry哭；die死亡；disappear消失；exist存在，生存；faint昏倒，变得微弱；fall落下；flow流动；go去；happen发生；laugh笑；lie躺；listen听；live生活，居住；look看；occur发生；rise上升，起立；sit坐；smile微笑；swim游泳 | |||
高频考点三：连系动词
分类 | 常用词 | 例句 |
表示主语的状态、特征和身份等 | be(是)，look(看起来)，seem(似乎)，feel(感觉)，appear(出现)，smell(闻起来)，taste(尝起来)，sound(听起来) | He is a good father. 他是一位好父亲。 She looks younger than before. 她看起来比以前年轻。 |
表示主语从一种状态到另一种状态，但侧重于转变后的结果 | turn(转变)，become(成为)，get(得到)，grow(增长)，go(去)，fall(跌落)，come(来)，prove(证明) | Everyone will grow old. 每个人都会变老。 After a few years, the things got worse and worse. 几年后，情况变得越来越糟糕。 |
表示主语保持某种身份、特征或状态不变 | keep(保持)，remain(仍旧)，stay(保持)，continue(继续) | The old man stays calm. 老人保持平静。 Keep quiet while you’re going around. 参观时要保持安静。 |
—What will a science museum be like if you are asked to build one?
—I hope it will _____________ like a book.
A. taste B. sound C. look D. smell
【答案】C
【解析】问句中的a science museum为建筑物，故答语中应该用look like，表示＂看上去像……＂，其余选项不符合句意。
高频考点四：助动词
be | |||||
人称 | 数 | 现在时态 | 过去时态 | 现在分词 | 过去分词 |
第一人称 | 单数 | am | was | being | been |
复数 | are | were | |||
第二人称 | 单数 | are | were | ||
复数 | are | were | |||
第三人称 | 单数 | is | was | ||
复数 | are | were | |||
【知识拓展】be的用法：be主要用来构成进行时态和被动语态。 1. ＂be+现在分词＂构成进行时态。 My boy friend is reading a newspaper in the sofa. 我的男朋友正坐在沙发上看报纸。 2. ＂be+及物动词的过去分词＂构成被动语态。 The truth will be known to everyone. 真相将会大白于天下。 | |||||
助动词do | |||||
形式 | 肯定式 | 否定式 | 缩略否定式 | ||
原形 | do | do not | don’t | ||
第三人称单数 | does | does not | doesn’t | ||
过去式 | did | did not | didn’t | ||
【知识拓展】助动词do的用法：do主要用来构成否定句、疑问句或对谓语动词进行强调。 1. 用do构成否定句和疑问句。 I don’t like this kind of music. 我不喜欢这种音乐。 2. ＂do+动词原形＂构成强调句。 I do need your help. 我的确需要你的帮助。 | |||||
助动词have | |||||
形式 | 肯定式 | 否定式 | 缩略否定式 | ||
原形 | have | have not | haven’t | ||
第三人称单数 | has | has not | hasn’t | ||
过去式 | had | had not | hadn’t | ||
【知识拓展】助动词have的用法：have 与过去分词构成各种完成时态。 We haven’t seen for a long time. 我们很久没见面了 | |||||
高频考点一五：动词的本形式
形式 | 规则变化 | 例句 |
一般现在时第三人称单数 | 一般情况在动词后直接加-s | look→looks；work→works |
以o、s、x、sh、ch结尾的动词，后加-es | catch→catches；go→goes | |
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-es | study→studies；try→tries | |
现在分词 | 一般情况在动词后直接加-ing | read→reading；go→going |
以ee、oe、ye结尾的动词，直接加-ing | see →seeing；toe→toeing | |
以不发音字母e结尾的动词，先去掉e，再加-ing | love→loving；write→writing | |
以重读闭音节结尾，词尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，先双写辅音字母，再加-ing | cut→cutting；put→putting | |
少数以ie结尾的动词，先变ie 为y再加-ing | die→dying；lie→lying | |
过去式和过去分词 | 一般情况在动词后直接加-ed | ask→asked；help→helped |
以不发音字母e结尾的动词，只加-d | like→liked；live→lived | |
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-ed | cry→cried；study→studied | |
以重读闭音节结尾，词尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，先双写辅音字母，再加-ed | stop→stopped；plan→planned |
高频考点一六：动词短语
构成方式 | 常见短语 |
动词+冠词+名词 | give a concert开音乐会，give a tea进行测试，have a rest休息，have a picnic野餐，have a try试一试，keep a record保持纪录，leave a message留言，make a face做鬼脸，make a living谋生，make a speech进行演讲，pay a bill付账，take a risk冒险 |
动词+名词 | catch fire着火，keep watch守望/值班，make repairs维修，play sports做运动，take action采取行，take measures采取措施，take place发生/举行 |
动词+名词+介词 | catch hold of抓住，catch sight of看见，make contributions to对……做贡献，make room for给……腾地方，make use of利用，pay attention to注意，take advantage of利用，make contact with和……接触/联系，take pride in以……为豪 |
动词+介词+名词 | come into use开始使用，get into trouble陷入麻烦，play with fire玩火/冒险，wait in line排队等候 |
动词+宾语+介词+名词 | bring... to mind使想起，put... into use应用，put... into practice实行/实施，take... for example以……为例 |
动词+副词+介词 | add up to合计达，break away from脱离，come up with想出/提出，catch up with赶上，追上，go ahead with开始，着手，go in for参加/追求，go along with一起去，hold on to坚持，keep away from远离，look down upon瞧不起/轻视，put up with忍受/容忍，run out of用完 |
Spring has come. We can’t _____________ the plan. The trees must be planted this week.
A. put off B. make up
C. come up with D. look up
【答案】A
【解析】由句意可知，春天来了，我们不能推迟计划。这周必须把树种好
考点过关☆专项突破
1．（2022·甘肃定西·统考模拟预测）Which of the following is RIGHT?
A．I’m looking forward to meet you next month. B．She gets here in ten minutes.
C．Mr. Wu has left Beijing for one week. D．The movie made me laugh.
2．（2022·浙江温州·校考三模）—Is the lady waiting at the school gate your mother, Alex?
—No, it ________ be her. She has gone to Hainan on business.
A．mustn’t B．can’t C．needn’t D．shouldn’t
3．（2022·江苏无锡·校考二模）—How is it going in your new company?
—It ________ be better. I’m always in high spirits at work.
A．shouldn’t B．couldn’t C．mustn’t D．may not
4．（2022·安徽·校联考二模）—The film “Avatar: The Way of Water” will be shown in December this year.
—It ________ be interesting. I am looking forward to it.
A．may B．can C．should D．must
5．（2022·四川自贡·统考一模）A hard-working man ________ become a great scientist, but a great scientist ________ be a hard-working man.
A．can’t; can B．may not; must C．may not; can
6．（2022·福建福州·福州三牧中学校考一模）He was made ________ the room with his brothers yesterday evening
A．clean B．to clean C．cleaned
7．（2022·辽宁抚顺·统考模拟预测）—I didn’t enjoy myself at the party. I just felt _________.
—Well, maybe there were too many people at the party.
A．left out B．to leave out C．leaving out D．be left out
8．（2022·福建厦门·统考模拟预测）With the development of technology, people ________ take off the masks and the mobile phones can still recognize（识别）who they are.
A．needn’t B．mustn’t C．can’t
9．（2022·黑龙江绥化·校联考模拟预测）—May I ask you some questions? —No, you ________
A．may not B．mustn’t C．needn’t
10．（2022·江苏镇江·统考二模）You ________ pay too much attention to your pronunciation, as it is so important in oral test.
A．shouldn’t B．mustn’t C．can’t D．needn’t
11．（2022·内蒙古包头·包头市第三十五中学校考三模）Dragon Boat Festival is popular in China. Instead of saying “Happy Dragon Boat Festival”, people should say, “Stay ________ and sound at Dragon Boat Festival”.
A．safer B．safely C．more safely D．safe
12．（2022·上海金山·统考二模）Yuan Longping is a great agricultural scientist. We ________ respect and learn from him.
A．should B．need C．may D．can
13．（2022·江苏连云港·统考二模）The FIFA World Cup ________ in Qatar in November, 2022.
A．will be taken place B．will take place
C．will happen D．will be happened
14．（2022·江苏扬州·校考二模）— Lily, why does our teacher always ask us to practise handwriting?
— Because it’s important in exams. We ________ pay too much attention to it.
A．mustn’t B．shouldn’t C．needn’t D．can’t
15．（2022·湖南邵阳·校考一模）—How do you like Zhang Jing’s translation at the meeting between China and the US?
—Wonderful! It is worth ________.
A．listening B．listening to C．to listen to
16．（2022·贵州铜仁·统考三模）Neither Jack nor I ________ interested in painting.
A．be B．am C．is D．are
17．（2022·西藏·统考中考真题）The number of the students in our class ________ fifty-four.
A．be B．is C．are D．am
18．（2022·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）—Mum, why do we have to wait at the crossing for such a long time?
—For our safety, we ________ be too careful.
A．mustn’t B．can’t C．shouldn’t D．needn’t
19．（2022·山东青岛·统考中考真题）—May I go boating with my classmates this weekend?
—Of course, but you __________ swim in the river!
A．mustn’t B．needn’t C．wouldn’t D．couldn’t
20．（2022·江苏淮安·统考中考真题）—Miss Li. I don’t want to say sorry to Daniel.
—I’m afraid you ________. After all, you broke his glasses.
A．may B．have to C．mustn’t D．needn’t
21．（2022·四川巴中·统考中考真题）—Selina, I want to learn something about the Winter Olympic Games in Beijing.
—Frank ________ know it, because he cares best about it.
A．has to B．must C．can’t D．might
22．（2022·湖北黄石·统考中考真题）—Mom, must I tidy my room right now?
—No, you ________. You can do it after breakfast.
A．needn’t B．mustn’t C．can’t D．shouldn’t
23．（2022·辽宁锦州·统考中考真题）—Will plants grow on other planets?
—That ________ be true. It’s really difficult to predict the future.
A．mustn’t B．should C．needn’t D．may
24．（2022·山东济南·统考中考真题）—Is the girl over there Lucy?
—No. It ________ be her. She is cleaning the classroom.
A．must B．could C．can’t D．mustn’t
25．（2022·广西玉林·统考中考真题）—Hey, whose basketball do you think this is?
—It ________ belong to Linda. She likes playing basketball best in our class.
A．must B．can C．mustn’t D．can’t
26．（2022·黑龙江牡丹江·统考中考真题）—Angel, I have moved near People’s Park.
—Oh, it ________ be very convenient. You can exercise there any time now.
A．must B．might C．could
27．（2022·广西河池·统考中考真题）As we know, sixteen-year-olds ________ drive a car in our country.
A．must B．could C．mustn’t D．couldn’t
28．（2022·四川达州·统考中考真题）— Exercising is good for our health.
— You’re right. So I’d rather ________ an hour’s walk than ________ in front of the computer.
A．to take; sit B．take; sit C．take; sitting D．to take; sitting
29．（2022·湖北荆州·统考中考真题）—Mike, I can’t stop playing computer games.
—For your eyes, my dear friend, I’m afraid you ________ .
A．could B．may C．would D．have to
30．（2022·贵州黔东南·统考中考真题）When our parents become too old to take care of themselves one day, they __________ be looked after well by us.
A．should B．shouldn’t C．may D．may not
31．（2022·湖北恩施·统考中考真题）The clever boy ________ recite so many poems when he was three.
A．might B．would C．could
32．（2022·内蒙古包头·统考中考真题）—You________ be excited—you have tickets for your favourite band!
—Yes. It’s unbelievable that I can see the band play live!
A．need B．have to C．must D．might
33．（2022·贵州黔东南·统考中考真题）In our school library, there _________ a number of books on art. The number of the books _________ still growing larger and larger.
A．is; is B．are; is C．is; are D．are; are
34．（2022·江苏无锡·统考中考真题）—Dad, what’s for dinner? It ________ nice!
—I’m cooking chicken soup.
A．tastes B．smells C．looks D．feels
35．（2022·湖北武汉·统考中考真题）During the Tang dynasty (唐朝), nearly everything produced in the world ________ on the streets of Chang’an.
A．is found B．has been found C．will be found D．could be found
36．（2022·湖北武汉·统考中考真题）—Alex, come down to play football.
—I can’t. Mom said I ________ clean my bedroom before doing anything else.
A．had to B．will C．used to D．can
37．（2022·浙江温州·统考中考真题）—Thomas, where are my postcards? I ________ find them.
—They’re on the bookshelf.
A．can’t B．needn’t C．mustn’t D．shouldn’t
38．（2022·江苏连云港·统考中考真题）The public sign in the library means people ________ smoke there.
A．could B．must C．couldn’t D．mustn’t
39．（2022·四川达州·统考中考真题）—Who is playing the piano in the music room? Is it Mary?
—No, it ________ be her. She has ________ to Beijing on business.
A．couldn’t; been B．can’t; gone C．can’t; been D．mustn’t; gone
40．（2022·四川泸州·统考中考真题）—Paul, have you tried this chicken? It’s a special in Luzhou and has been introduced in the TV program A Bite of China.
—Yes, it ________ hot but delicious.
A．eats B．looks C．tastes D．sees
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