【中考二轮题型复习】2023年英语题型全面解读与技巧点拨学案——专题12 短文改错解题技巧（解析+原卷版）

专题12 短文改错解题技巧 

备考2023年中考英语二轮题型解读与技巧点拨

题型概述

短文改错题是学生中考中失分较多的题型。此题型是专门针对学生在平时学习英语过程中，尤其是写作练习中常犯的、较为普遍的错误而设计的。其目的是考查学生发现错误并改正一些词法、句法等方面错误的能力，它既能体现学生对词汇和语法掌握的程度，又能体现出学生阅读理解的能力。

短文改错题主要测试考生的观察、判断、纠错能力。以记叙文和说明文为主，文章内容贴近学生生活，一般没有生僻的词汇和复杂的句子结构，文章简单易懂，错误设置也不太难，多为平常学生作文中常出现的错误。短文一般100词左右，错误设置8～10处.短文错误有三种：错词、多词、缺词。其中错词占60%左右。

方法技巧

首先要读懂整个句子或短文，把握句子或短文的时态、人称及行文逻辑等；要联系整个句子或上下文，针对句中或文中的词法、句法进行分析，去发现存在的错误；如果是短文改错就要在整体理解的基础上分句阅读逐行找错。其次，在做改错题时要注意观察句子和短文中是否存在以下形式的错误：

1．介词、冠词；主语和宾语的遗漏。

2．词性的误用，且多表现在名词、动词、形容词及副词之间的相互错用。

3．错用形容词和副词比较等级的形式。常见的错误形式是：构成的错误，原级、比较级或最高级句型结构上的错误，比较对象不明或混乱，惯用法及特殊用法错误。

4．错用动词形式。错用动词的情况比较多，如动词的时态和语态，非谓语动词，谓语动词，谓语动词与主语不一致等。

5．错用介词。介词错用多出现于介词搭配不当，特别是固定搭配、固定句型中的介词错用。

6．错用代词。其出现的形式是代词与指代的名词在性、数和人称上不一致，代词指代不明，关系代词错用，不定代词错用。

7．错用连词。主要表现在并列、递进、转折、让步、因果等关系的句子中的连词错用。

8．错用时态。例如：If Tom will study hard this term，he will catch up with his classmates.通过观察，不难发现，本句的错误在于 if 引导的条件状语从句的时态用错，应将从句中的一般将来时改为一般现在时。

总之，在做改错题时要从整个句子或语篇入手，首先通读句子或短文，理解句子或短文的意思，综观全局，从语法、句法、词汇、固定搭配、习惯用法等方面去观察、思考、判断，提高解答此类题的能力。

【典例】

阅读短文，判断标有题号的每一行画线部分和有漏字符号(∧)处是否有错误。如无错误，在该行右边横线上画一个“√”；如有错误(每行只有一个)，则按下列情况改正：

画线部分为多余的词：把该词写在该行右边的横线上并画上斜线(\)。

画线部分为错词：在该行右边横线上写出一个正确的词。

有漏字符号(∧)处缺一个词：在该行右边横线上写出所缺的词。

My hometown is a beautiful place.

It stands beside the wide river and is rich1.________

in fish and rice.And ten years ago，it was a2.________

poor town.Many people had no jobs.They used∧live3.________

a hard life.In the last ten years，great changed4.________

have taken place here.The streets have been widened.5.________

New roads have appeared.Factories，schools，hospitals

and cinemas have been build one after another.The6.________

life of for the people has been greatly improved.7.________

She love my hometown.I love the people here.8.________

They are still working hardly to make it richer9.________

and rich，more and more beautiful.10.________

【答案】

1．a　【解析】 考查冠词辨析。当事物第一次出现时用不定冠词来修饰，根据wide中的首字母“w”可知，辅音音素前应用不定冠词a。

2．But　【解析】 考查连词辨析。rich和 poor前后对比表转折，连词用But。

3．to　【解析】 考查动词不定式。根据固定搭配“used to do sth.”可知，此处应加to。

4．changes　【解析】考查名词复数。change 表示“变化”时是可数名词，此处用作主语。故改成changes。

5．√　【解析】考查完成时态的被动语态。此处指街道被加宽。

6．built　【解析】考查完成时态的被动语态。根据现在完成时的被动结构“have/has＋been＋过去分词”可知，此处应该是build的过去分词built。

7.　【解析】考查介词辨析。此处介词重叠，故去掉for。

8．I　【解析】 考查人称代词辨析。联系上下文，作者一直采用第一人称描写其家乡。故改成I。

9．hard　【解析】考查副词辨析。“工作努力”的搭配是work hard, hard本身兼具形容词和副词词性。hardly 意为“几乎不”，是表示否定的频度副词。

10．richer　【解析】考查比较级。“比较级＋and＋比较级”意为“越来越……”，故将rich改为richer。

【强化练习】

A

（2022·四川遂宁·校考模拟预测）

文中共有10处错误, 每句中最多有两处错误。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加: 在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧）, 并在其下面写出该加的词。删除: 把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。修改: 在错的词下划一横线, 并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意: 1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2. 只允许修改10处, 多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Jimmy lost his job a few months ago. One day, he decided taking a job interview. His appointment is at 10 am and it was already 8: 30 am. While waiting at a bus, Jimmy saw an old man kicking the tyre of his car. Jimmy gave him a hand. The old man wondered how many he should pay for Jimmy’s help.Jimmy said there was no need to pay him; he just helped nobody in need, and he had to rush for an interview. An old man offered to give him a lift for Jimmy’s gift. Jimmy got dirty after he repaired the car, so he didn’t have much time to wash the dirt off. One by one, many people left for the interviewer’s office. Finally his name called. To Jimmy’s surprise, the old man he helped early in the morning was the manager of the company. Very soon, Jimmy became one part of the company.

1．_____

2．_____

3．_____

4．_____

5．_____

6．_____

7．_____

8．_____

9．_____

10．_____

【答案】

1．taking—to take    2．is—was    3．at—for    4．many—much    5．nobody—somebody

    6．An—The

    7．for—as

    8．so—but

    9．去掉for

    10．called—was called

【导语】本文主要讲了吉米在去面试的路上帮助了一个老人，最后发现那个老人是他面试的公司的经理，于是他成为了公司的一员。

1．decide“决定”，其常用搭配为decide to do sth“决定做某事”，其后接动词的不定式。故把taking改为to take。

2．从开头第一句“Jimmy lost his job a few months ago.”可知本文时态为一般过去时，be动词is应改为过去式was。故把is改为was。

3．短语wait for表示“等待”，是固定搭配。故把at改为for。

4．how many“多少”后接可数名词复数形式，句子“…he should pay for Jimmy’s help.”表示应该为吉米的帮助付费多少钱，而金钱是不可数的，应该用how much。故把many改为much。

5．根据句子“he just helped nobody in need,”可知，吉米拒绝要酬劳，仅仅是帮助一些有需要帮助的人，nobody“没有人”，不符合题意，应用somebody“一些人”。故把nobody改为somebody。

6．根据前文的“While waiting at a bus, Jimmy saw an old man kicking the tyre of his car.”可知old man在前文已经出现过，此处是第二次提及, 用定冠词the表示特指。故把An改为The。

7．根据句子“An old man offered to give him a lift for Jimmy's gift.”可知一位老人想载他一程作为礼物，for表示“为……”，as“作为”符合题意。故把for改为as。

8．由前一句“Jimmy got dirty after he repaired the car, ”可知吉米由于修车而弄脏了，却没有时间来清洗，前后是转折关系，用but表示。故把so改为but。

9．根据句子“One by one, many people left for the interviewer's office.”可知，人们一个接一个地离开了面试官的办公室，left for表示“前往”，不符合题意，而left表示“离开”符合题意。故把for去掉。

10．根据句子“Finally his name called.”可知是想表达最终吉米的名字被叫到了，name和动词call之间是动宾关系，用被动语态，其结构为be+过去分词，此处be动词用was。故把called改为was called。

B

（2022·贵州铜仁·统考二模）

下列短文的划线部分是错误的，请改正，并将其正确答案书写在答题卡卷II各小题规定的位置。  

My favorite book is Journey to the West.

This book is one of the four classic novel of        ____11____

Chinese literature. It is a interesting book.        ____12____

There is four main characters in the book,        ____13____

Sandy with Pigsy are wise and helpful        ____14____

Between all the characters, I like the Monkey King best.        ____15____

He is a hero on the novel, he is not only funny        ____16____

and clever, but also often help his friends        ____17____

win every battle. In my view, friends should help every        ____18____

other in our lives. With the help of friends, we        ____19____

can’t do something. After all, One tree can’t make a forest.    ____20____

【答案】

11．novels    12．an    13．are    14．and    15．Among/Of    

16．in    17．helps    18．each    19．Without    20．anything

【导语】本文介绍了四大名著之一——《西游记》的一些人物情况。

11．This book is one of the four classic novel of Chinese literature.这本书是中国文学四大经典小说之一。one of the+最高级+复数名词“最……之一”，是固定结构，此处的名词应用复数形式，故填novels。

12．It is a interesting book.这是一本有趣的书。interesting是元音音素开头的单词，应用an修饰，故填an。

13．There is four main characters in the book.书中有四个主要人物。此处是there be句型，名词是复数形式，be动词应用are，故填are。

14．Sandy with Pigsy are wise and helpful.Sandy和Pigsy是明智和乐于助人的。句子主语是两个人，应用and连接，故填and。

15．Between all the characters, I like the Monkey King best.在所有的角色中，我最喜欢孙悟空。表示“三者或三者以上之中”应用among，此处句子主语与所指的范围是同一类，也可以用of表示，故填Among/Of。

16．He is a hero on the novel.他是小说中的英雄。“在小说中”应用介词in，故填in。

17．he is not only funny and clever, but also often help his friends win every battle.他不仅风趣聪明，而且经常帮助他的朋友赢得每一场战斗。句子主语是第三人称单数形式，动词应用三单形式，故填helps。

18．In my view, friends should help every other in our lives.在我看来，朋友应该在我们的生活中互相帮助。英语中表达“互相”是短语each other，故填each。

19．With the help of friends, we can’t do something.没有朋友的帮助，我们不能做一些事情。此处表达的是“没有朋友的帮助”，应用介词without，故填Without。

20．With the help of friends, we can’t do something.没有朋友的帮助，我们不能做一些事情。否定句中应用anything表示，故填anything。

C

（2022·贵州毕节·统考一模）

阅读短文。判断标有题号的每一行画线部分和有漏字符号（∧）处是否有错误。如无，在该行右边横线上画一个“√”；如有（每行只有一个），则按下列情况改正。

画线部分为多余的词：把该词写在该行右边的横线上并画上斜线（\）。

画线部分为错词：在该行右边横线上写出一个正确的词。

有漏字符号（∧）处缺一个词：在该行右边横线上写出所缺的词。

Teenager often have lots of problems and worries. Sometimes they have    ____21____

problems with the schoolwork and sometimes with their friends. How to deal

with them?    ____22____

I remember an example of a middle school girl, Nancy. She once lose her    ____23____

wallet and was afraid tell her parents about it. So she walked to school every    ____24____

day. A week later, she couldn’t stand it any more because of it was too far from    ____25____

home. She had to talk to their parents. They were really understanding and told    ____26____

her to be carefully next time.    ____27____

In fact, the worst thing is not to do something. You can’t feel better unless    ____28____

you talk to someone. Problems is normal in life. You should not run away from    ____29____

your problems. Instead, you’d better share them with your parents or ask an    ____30____

teacher for help, because they have more experience.

【答案】

21．Teenager—Teenagers    22．√    23．lose—lost    24．afraid后增加to    

25．去掉of    26．their—her    27．carefully—careful    28．something—anything    29．is—are    30．an—a

【导语】本文通过举例子的方式讲述了青少年在面对问题和担忧时，要向父母或老师求助，而不是逃避它们或什么也不做。

21．Teenager often have lots of problems and worries.“青少年经常有很多问题和担忧。”句子的时态为一般现在时，由谓语动词“have”可知，主语要用复数形式。故填Teenager—Teenagers。

22．How to deal with them?“如何处理它们？”该句语法正确。故填√。

23．She once lose her wallet and was afraid tell her parents about it.“有一次她丢了钱包，不敢告诉父母。”由“once”和“was”判断时态为一般过去时，故动词要用过去式。故填lose—lost。

24．She once lose her wallet and was afraid tell her parents about it.“有一次她丢了钱包，不敢告诉父母。”be afraid to do sth.“害怕做某事”，固定表达。故填afraid后增加to。

25．A week later, she couldn’t stand it any more because of it was too far from home.“一个星期后，她再也无法忍受了，因为离家太远了。”根据“it was too far from home”是句子可知，应用because引导原因状语从句，because of后接名词性短语。故填：去掉of。

26．She had to talk to their parents.“她不得不和父母谈谈。”由“She”可知，此处指“她的”父母，应用形容词性物主代词her。故填their—her。

27．They were really understanding and told her to be carefully next time.“他们真的很善解人意，并告诉她下次要小心点。”由“be”可知，后接形容词，be careful“小心，当心”。故填carefully—careful。

28．In fact, the worst thing is not to do something.“事实上，最糟糕的事情就是什么都不做。”该句为否定句，否定句中要用anything。故填something—anything。

29．Problems is normal in life.“问题在生活中是正常的。”主语“Problems”为名词复数，be动词用are。故填is—are。

30．Instead, you’d better share them with your parents or ask an teacher for help, because they have more experience.“相反，你最好与父母分享它们，或者向老师寻求帮助，因为他们更有经验。”根据“teacher”是以辅音音素开头的单词可知，不定冠词要用a。故填an—a。

D

（2022·贵州铜仁·统考三模）

下列短文的划线部分是错误的，请改正，并将其正确答案书写在答题卡卷Ⅱ各小题规定的位置。

At night, you fall sleep while you are listening to music. ____31____

In the morning, you are woke up by the singing of birds ____32____

outside. You can enjoy all of this things because of your ears. ____33____

March 3 is Ear Care Day. It helps us remember the important  ____34____

of our ears and encourages us to take good care for them.  ____35____

Your ears never stops working, even when you are sleeping.    ____36____

And ears do much than hear. They can not only help you ____37____

keep your balance but also helping with tasting food.  ____38____

It is so surprised. Ears are truly important. Everyone ____39____

should protect their own ears as good as they can.     ____40____

【答案】

31．sleep—asleep    32．woke—woken    33．this—these    34．important—importance    35．for—of    

36．stops—stop    37．much—more    38．helping—help    39．surprised—surprising    40．good—well

【导语】本文主要讲述了耳朵的重要性以及呼吁人们保护耳朵。

31．At night, you fall sleep while you are listening to music.晚上，你听着音乐就睡着了。fall asleep“睡着”，故sleep改为asleep。

32．In the morning, you are woke up by the singing of birds outside.早晨，你被外面的鸟儿的歌声吵醒。根据“by”可知，此句是被动语态，故woke改为woken。

33．You can enjoy all of this things because of your ears.为你的耳朵，你可以享受这一切。根据“things”可知，需要用复数形式修饰名词，故this改为these。

34．It helps us remember the important of our ears and encourages us to take good care for them.它帮助我们记住耳朵的重要性，并鼓励我们好好照顾它们。take care of“照顾”，故for改为of。

35．It helps us remember the important of our ears and encourages us to take good care for them.它帮助我们记住耳朵的重要性，并鼓励我们好好照顾它们。根据“the...of”可知，需要名词形式，故important改为importance。

36．Your ears never stops working, even when you are sleeping.你的耳朵永远不会停止工作，即使在你睡觉的时候。根据“Your ears”可知，主语是复数，谓语动词用原形，故stops改为stop。

37．And ears do much than hear.耳朵能做的远比听到的多。根据“than”可知，需要比较级，故much改为more。

38．They can not only help you keep your balance but also helping with tasting food.它们不仅能帮助你保持身体平衡，还能帮助你品尝食物。根据“can”可知，情态动词后接动词原形，故helping改为help。

39．It is so surprised.它很令人惊讶。根据“it”可知，it指物，形容物应该用形容词surprising，故surprised改为surprising。

40．Everyone should protect their own ears as good as they can.应该尽量保护好自己的耳朵。根据“protect their own ears”可知，副词修饰动词，故good改为well。

E

（2022·贵州毕节·统考三模）

Now much office workers are overworked. They ___41___

don’t have a lot of time to do exercise. In order to keeping ___42___

healthy, some office workers now go to work by foot. Ms. Li  ___43___

works in a foreign company in Guiyang. She is walk to her ___44___

office. She says, “I am very busy. I only use the lift up ___45___

when I’m working. I don’t have time do exercise.___46___

Because I choose to walk to work.” ___47___

Studies show that if the office was not far from home, ___48___

woman are more likely to walk to work. Walking is good for ___49___

their health and can help keep good figures（体形）as well. _____50_____

【答案】

41．much-many    42．keeping-keep    43．by-on    44．walk-walking    45．去掉up    

46．do前加to    47．Because-So    48．was-is    49．woman-women    50．help后加them

【导语】本文主要描述了很多办公室职员因没有时间锻炼，选择步行上班的现状。

41．Now much office workers are overworked.现在许多上班族工作过度。根据复数名词office workers可知，其修饰词为many，much修饰不可数名词，所以要把much改为many。故答案为much-many。

42．In order to keeping healthy, some office workers now go to work by foot.为了保持健康，一些上班族现在步行上班。根据In order to可知，这里考查短语in order to do sth. “为了……”，故此处要用动词原形，而非动名词。所以要把keeping改为keep。故答案为keeping-keep。

43．In order to keeping healthy, some office workers now go to work by foot.为了保持健康，一些上班族现在步行上班。根据题干“go to work by foot”可知，这里考查固定短语on foot“步行”，因为by后面一般加交通工具，所以要把by改为on。故答案为by-on。

44．She is walk to her office.她正步行去她的办公室。根据句子的主语She和is可知，此句时态为现在进行时态，am/is/are+doing，be动词后应加动词的现在分词，所以要把walk改为walking。故答案为walk-walking。

45．I only use the lift up when I’m working.我只在工作时使用电梯。根据前一句“I am very busy.我很忙”可知，我只在工作时使用电梯。表示“使用”用use即可，而use up表示“用完，用光”，故去掉up。故答案为：去掉up。

46．I don’t have time do exercise.我没有时间做锻炼。根据题干“I don’t have time…”可知，此处考查动词不定式to do，在句中作定语，do前面加to。故答案为：do前加to。

47．Because I choose to walk to work.因为我选择步行上班。上文“我没有时间做锻炼”和“我选择步行上班”之间是因果关系，“我没有时间做锻炼”是原因，“我选择步行上班”是结果，所以要把Because改为So。故答案为Because-So。

48．Studies show that if the office was not far from home, woman are more likely to walk to work.研究表明，如果办公室离家不远，女性更有可能步行上班。根据下文中are 可知，此句时态为一般现在时态，所以本句要把was改为is。故答案为was-is。

49．woman are more likely to walk to work.女性更有可能步行上班。根据本句动词are可知，主语应为可数名词的复数形式，woman的复数形式为不规则变化women，所以要把woman改为women，故答案为woman-women。

50．Walking is good for their health and can help keep good figures（体形）as well.散步对她们的健康有好处，也可以帮助她们保持良好的身材。根据题干可知：散步也可以帮助她们保持良好的身材。人称代词放在动词help的后面，要用宾格，they的宾格形式是them。故答案为：help后加them。