【中考二轮题型复习】2023年英语题型全面解读与技巧点拨学案——专题13 书面表达解题技巧（解析+原卷版）

专题13 书面表达解题技巧

备考2023年中考英语二轮题型解读与技巧点拨

题型概述

通过分析近三年全国各省市的中考书面表达题，我们发现：中考书面表达题基本以有控制的写作为主，即除提供话题或标题外，一般都会提供写作要点或提示写作内容、给出首句、规定大概词数等。话题大多贴近学生生活，如日常活动、人际交往、家庭、朋友与周围的人等，让学生有话可写；体裁以记叙文和应用文居多，其次是说明文和议论文；提示方式有表格、思维导图、文字、图文等；词数一般为80-100。

中考英语作文常见错误分析

1.审题不清：依据作文的评分原则，若文章内容不切题，则不管语言如何规范、用词如何准确，都会被严重减分。

2.拼写错误 ：拼写是考生应该具备的最起码的基本功，但在考生的作文中却经常能发现很多拼写错误。有拼写错误的作文肯定会被酌情扣分，而且有大量拼写错误存在的作文不仅体现出语言基本功差，同时也直接影响内容的表达，通常会降低作文的档次。 

3.名词单复数问题：名词单复数会造成主谓不一致错误，名词前面缺少限定词造成泛指现象。

4.缺少动词：在汉语中没有动词的句子是允许的，但英语中每个完整的句子都必须有动词来构成。

5.中国式英语的排列：按照汉语表述顺寻罗列单词组句。

6.代词的误用：英语中代词的形式很多，包括主格、宾格、物主代词、反身代词等。而汉语中没有主格和宾格、形容词性物主代词和名次性物主代词之分；此外汉语中很多时候不用物主代词，而英语中要体现人与物的关系必须用物主代词。

7.句子不完整 ：因为对句子结构认识模糊，出现只写半句的现象，这也是造成失分的原因之一。尤其体现在（及物动词 / 不及物动词运用）

8.时态、人称和数的搭配错误：汉语动词无时态、人称和数的变化，而对英语来说，这些都至关重要。

9.综合性错误：综合性错误是指单词的大小写和标点符号的错误等，以及形容词和副词的混淆、连词的误用等等。

三：中考英语作文构思技巧

（一）审：审就是仔细审题。看清要求，确定体裁、人称、时态等。

（二）列：列就是抓要点。根据要点列出英文短语形式提纲，避免遗漏。

（三）扩：扩就是扩展成句。将所列提纲形成“主+谓+宾。”和“主+系+表。”基本句子结构，注意定语和状语修饰成分位置的使用以及避免中国式英语出现。

（四）连：连就是连句成篇。使用适当的连词和过渡语将表达要点的句子连接成文。

（五）改：改主要从以下几个方面进行自我修改：

1.内容是否完整。        2.时态是否正确。            3.拼写和标点是否正确。

4.主谓是否一致。        5.格式和字数是否符合要求。  6.层次是否清楚。

四、英语书面表达的写作技巧

技巧一：扩句、造句  

1、主语句子主要描述的“人、物、事”名词、代词、动名词Doing sth 、To do sth

2、谓语句中主要描述的“行为动作”行为动词（有不同的时态形式变化）

3、宾语句中行为动作的“承受者或接收者”名词、代词宾格、动名词doing sth 、to do sth

4、表语说明主语“身份特征、性质状况”名词、形容词、

5、定语修饰句中任何成分名词的特点、特征前置定语（单数名词、形容词、单一不定代词、数词、单一动名词doing<修饰用途>）后置定语（to do sth 、介词短语、doing短语、done短语）

6、状语修饰句中“行为动词”单一副词或to do sth 、介词短语、doing短语、done短语

7、造句、扩句规律：

   （1）先把信息点进行“缩句”找出句子的主体成分搭建句子结构主体主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语  /  主语 + 系动词“是”+ 表语

   （2）再把搭建好的句子在固定的位置添加相应的“修饰成分”定语和状语的添加

主语——谓语动词——宾语______  ________   __________  _______    _________  _________

   主语——系动词“是”——表语_____   _______  ___  ____   ________  __________

技巧二：连句成文时，表述正确，文字流畅 

     连句成段，连句成文——强调要运用恰当的连词或过渡语将信息点句子连接成具有逻辑联系的段落，使文章逻辑结构清晰流畅。

1.表文章结构顺序：First of all=at first Second==And then/nextFinally=In the end==At last

2.表并列补充关系的：First of allWhat is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, Above all,

3.表转折对比关系的：However/butAlthough ( 从句) + 主句On the one hand…On the other hand…  

4.表因果关系的：Because + 句子So + 句子/As a result , + 句子

5.表目的关系：主句 + in order that / so that + 目的状语从句

6.表条件关系：主句 + if / unless / as long as + 条件状语从句

7.表换一种方式表达：In other words, +句子That means + 句子This is to say+ 句子

8.表进行举例说明：For example，句子;such as+n/doing 

9.表陈述事实：In fact 

10.表达自己观点：As far as I know / In my opinion ，+句子

11.表总结：In short，In a word，General speaking, + 句子

技巧三：：“结构+要点+逻辑+语法+亮点”

 结构：中考最流行的结构就是三段式，“观点——要点——总结”让人一目了然。

 要点：要点要齐全（隐藏要点和明面列出的要点）

 逻辑：这里的逻辑实际指的就是逻辑关系连词，体现文章的连贯性和行文的流畅性。

 语法：指句型、句子结构、时态、词汇短语错误。

 亮点：短文要有体现突出色彩的句型并与从句、状语从句、固定句型

　  中考英语阅卷老师看写作主要有三个标准：

　　1）结构2）内容要点 3）语言（词组搭配、句型、句式变化、过渡词）看结构和内容要点定分数档，看语言给成绩。这是中考英语阅卷的潜规则。

技巧四：：中考英语作文常用句型

1. It's important (necessary) for sb. +to do sth.做某事对某人来说……

2. It's no use/no good doing sth .做某事没有用处/没有好处。

3. There is no need to do sth.没必要做某事。

4. There is no point in doing sth.做某事毫无意义

5. What about + doing sth？How about + doing sth？……怎么样？

6. The reason why +(表示结果句子) is that + (表示原因句子)。……的原因是……

7. That is why + (表示结果句子)。那就是……的原因。

8. That is because + (表示原因句子)。那是因为……

9. It is said/reported that +(事件陈述句子)。据说/据报道……

10. There is no doubt that +(事件陈述句子)。毫无疑问……

11. It goes without saying that + (事件陈述句子)。不言而喻，/毫无疑问……

12. As is known to all，+(事件陈述句子)。众所周知，……

13. It is generally/publicly known/considered that…众所周知……

14. As we all know, +(事件陈述句子)。据我们所知，……

15. It's time to do sth./It's time for sth.是该做某事的时候了。

16. It's better/best to do sth.最好做某事。

17. It takes sb. some time to do sth. 某人话多少时间做某事。

18. sth. costs. some mony.某物花了某人多少钱。

19. sb. spends some time/mony(in)doing sth.某人花多少时间/金钱。

20. sb. pays some money for sth.某人为某物付了多少钱。

21. Among various kinds of …， +(陈述句子)。 /= Of all the …， +(陈述句子)。

在各种……之中，……   

22. In my opinion, +(观点陈述句子)。= As far as I am concerned, +(观点陈述句子)。

　 就我的看法……；我认为……

　 In my opinion, playing video games not only takes much time but also is harmful to health.

　　就我的看法打电动玩具既花费时间也有害健康。

23.  With the increase/growth of the population, +(问题陈述句子)。随着人口的增加……

　  With the development of science and technology, +(问题陈述句子)。随着科技的进步…… 

24. 状语从句

　　A）如果你不……，你就会……    If you don't …， you'll …

　　例︰If you don't keep working hard, you'll lose the chance.

　　如果你不坚持努力工作，你就会失去这次机会。

　　B）如此 ……，以至于……     so … that …

　　例：At that moment, I was so upset that I wanted to give up.

当时，我非常伤心，最后都想放弃了。

C）每当……就……

每当我听到……我就忍不住感到兴奋。

Whenever I hear …， I cannot but feel excited.

每当我做……我就忍不住感到悲伤。

Whenever I do …， I cannot but feel sad.

每当我想到……我就忍不住感到紧张。

Whenever I think of …， I cannot but feel nervous.

每当我遭遇……我就忍不住感到害怕。

Whenever I meet with …， I cannot but feel frightened.

每当我看到……我就忍不住感到惊讶。

Whenever I see …， I cannot but feel surprised.

25. 宾语从句

　　我认为，……  / 我认为……不   I think / I don't think that +(事件陈述句)。

　　我想知道是否……            I wonder whether +(事件陈述句)。

技巧五：：中考英语作文常用功能句型

　1. 提建议

　　had better (not) do 最好(不)做

　　how about / what about doing  …怎么样?

　　I think you should do 我认为你应该…

　　I suggest that you should do  我建议你做…

　　If I were you, I would do…我要是你的话，我会做…

　　It’s best to do  最好做…

　　Why not do / why don’t you do…? 为什么不…

　2. 表示喜欢和感兴趣

　　like / love doing  /  enjoy doing

　　be fond of doing 喜欢做…  /  be keen on doing 喜欢做…

　　prefer to do A rather than do B 宁愿做A也不愿做B

　　be interested in doing = show/ take a great interest in  doing    感兴趣

　3. .努力做…

　　try to do努力做…

　　try one’s best to do= do one’s best to do 竭尽全力做…

　　make efforts to do = make every effort to do 尽力做…

　　do what sb can (do ) to do 尽力做… spare no effort to do 不遗余力的做…

　4. 打算做… / 计划做…

　　intend / plan to do 打算做…   be going to do 打算/计划做…

　　decide to do 决定做…

　　determine to do决定做…   be determined to do决定做…

　　make up one’s mind to do下定决心做…

　5. 表示想/希望

　　want to do = would like to do 想做…

　　hope to do  希望做…  expect to do 期待着做…

　　wish to do  希望做…  consider doing 考虑做…

　6. 只加doing 作宾语的动词

　　finish 完成practice 练习 suggest建议 consider 考虑 mind 介意 enjoy 喜欢doing

　　固定搭配

　　look forward to doing 盼望做…      keep on doing 坚持做…

　　dream of doing 梦想做…             can’t help doing 情不自禁地做…

　　keep / stop / prevent sb. from doing 阻止某人做…

　　be busy (in ) doing    be busy with + 名词    忙于做…

　　spend time / money (in )doing   spend time / money on + 名词    花费时间做…

　　have fun / have a good time / enjoy oneself doing 玩得开心

have trouble / have problem / have difficulty (in) doing   做…有困难

【强化练习】

A

（2022·山西太原·太原五中校考二模）

生活中我们会遇到很多值得我们感恩的人，他们可能是我们的父母、恩师、同学或是伸出援手的陌生人。他们的出现是我们人生道路上美丽的风景，他们的所作所为给我们带来启示、反思和感动。请你以此为话题，根据下列提示，写一篇英语短文。

内容包括：

1. Who is the person that impressed you most?

2. What’s the story between you and him/her?

3. What can you learn from him/her?

要求：

1. 短文不少于 80 词；

2. 文中不得出现真实的人名、校名。

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

【答案】

The person who impressed me most is our physics teacher, Mr. Wang.

Last term, I took part in an important competition and I was confident. But the result that I was nearly the last one made me so sad that I wanted to give up physics from then on. I slept in physics class and refused to do any homework. One day it was my birthday. I was still sleepy in physics class. To my surprise, he began his class with birthday wishes to me. Everyone opened mouth widely in surprise. With his funny actions, everyone couldn’t help laughing including me. After his show, he said to me “I had thought I could never sing or dance, but today I made it.” I was really moved by his words and went on to study my physics.

Now I’m doing well in physics. It is Mr.Wang’s encouragement that helps me make progress, so I want to say thanks to him, and tell him that I will love and respect him forever.

【详解】[总体分析]

① 题材：本文是一篇记叙文，为材料作文；

② 时态：时态为“一般现在时”和“一般过去时”；

③ 提示：写作要点已给出，考生应注意不要遗漏“信息提示”中的每一项内容，适当添加细节，并突出写作重点。

[写作步骤]

第一步，表明写作意图。开门见山提出自己印象最深刻的人；

第二步，具体阐述印象最深刻的原因，即和印象最深刻的人之间的故事；

第三步，书写结语，表达自己的感受和收获。

[亮点词汇]

①take part in参加

②so...that如此……以至于

③give up放弃

④to one’s surprise使某人惊讶

[高分句型]

①The person who impressed me most is our physics teacher, Mr. Wang. (who引导的定语从句)

②It is Mr.Wang’s encouragement that helps me make progress (运用强调句)

B

（2022·四川德阳·校考模拟预测）

假如你是李明，你的美国朋友Jack听说中国的中小学生正在减轻学生的学习负担，来信询问了你有关情况。请你根据下列内容，用英语写一封回信，谈谈“双减”给你的学习和生活带来的变化，再发表一下自己的看法。

内容包括：1.过去课后常常做很多作业，睡得很晚，第二天上课时会感到很困倦；

2.周末上各种课外辅导班，没有时间放松；

3.在“双减”政策执行后，自己有很多自由时间做自己喜欢的事；

4.自己应该养成学习的好习惯，例如课前预习，制定学习计划等；

5.应当充分利用自己的业余时间，锻炼身体和阅读课外书籍。

注意：

1.书信开头已给出，不计入总词数；

2.内容连贯得体，可适当添加内容；

3.词数：80词

参考词汇： the policy of “double-lightening the burden” “双减”政策

carry out 执行

after-class tutoring classes课外辅导班

Dear Jack,

How nice to hear from you again! You asked me about the new policy of “double-lightening the burden”. It has become one of the hottest topics in China now. Here, I will tell you something about it._____

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Ming

【答案】

Dear Jack,

How nice to hear from you again! You asked me about the new policy of “double-lightening the burden”. It has become one of the hottest topics in China now. Here, I will tell you something about it.

In shorts, things have changed a lot. I used to have to do endless homework after class. This made me sleep late and felt sleepy in class the next day. And I used to attend after-class tutoring classes on weekends and didn’t have time to relax. After the policy carried out, I have a lot of free time to do what I like. But it’s important to develop good habits of study, such as preview before class, make study plan and so on. Students should also make full use of their spare time, exercise and read extracurricular books.

Yours,

Li Ming

【详解】[总体分析]

①题材：本文是一篇应用文，为书信作文；

②时态：时态为“一般过去时”和“一般现在时”；

③提示：写作要点已给出，考生应注意不要遗漏“内容包括”中的要点信息，结合参考词汇写回信谈谈“双减”给自己的学习和生活带来的变化，并发表自己的看法。

[写作步骤]

第一步，引出主题内容；

第二步，介绍过去与现在的变化并发表看法。

[亮点词汇]

①hear from 收到……的信

②used to do sth. 过去常常做某事

③and so on 等等

④make full use of 充分利用

[高分句型]

①After the policy carried out, I have a lot of free time to do what I like.（after引导时间状语从句；what引导宾语从句）

②But it’s important to develop good habits of study, such as preview before class, make study plan and so on.（it固定句式）

C

（2022·黑龙江绥化·统考一模）

假如你是中学生王荣，你的笔友Mary对中国的“双减”政策 (“Double Reduction” policy) 很感兴趣。请结合下面的思维导图，给她写一封信，告诉她相关情况。

要求：(1)词数不少于80词(2)字迹工整，语法正确，意思连贯，可适当发挥。

(注意：文中不能出现考生真实姓名、校名和老师名，否则不赋分)

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

【答案】

Dear Mary,

      I am glad to hear from you. You said you were interested in the “Double Reduction” policy of China. Now I tell you something about it. It aims to ease schoolwork burden on primary and junior high school students, including homework and after-school courses. Then how to get used to the new policy?

      First, we must make good use of the time at school. For example, we should listen to teachers carefully and take notes. We are supposed to ask classmates and teachers for help when we have trouble solving some questions. Second, we have to finish our homework more effectively. Now we have less homework, so we must think over it so that we can understand better what we have learned. The policy makes us have more free time. As a result, we should take up some healthy and meaningful hobbies in order that we can live a colorful life and be in good health.

     All in all, as the policy has been carried out, we have changed a lot. I believe we will be better and better.

Yours,

Wang Rong

【详解】[总体分析]

① 题材：本文是一篇应用文；

② 时态：时态为“一般现在时”；

③ 提示：写作要点已给出，考生应注意不要遗漏“信息提示”中“省略号”一项，适当添加细节，并突出写作重点。

[写作步骤]

第一步，表明写作意图。开门见山说明向对方介绍“双减”政策；

第二步，具体介绍如何适应“双减”政策；

第三步，书写结语，表达自己的感受。

[亮点词汇]

①hear from sb.收到某人的来信

②be interested in感兴趣于

③listen to teachers carefully认真听课

④have trouble doing sth.做某事有麻烦

[高分句型]

①So we must think over it so that we can understand better what we have learned. (so that引导目的状语从句)

②We should take up some healthy and meaningful hobbies in order that we can live a colorful life and be in good health. (in order that引导目的状语从句)

D

（2022·陕西榆林·校考模拟预测）

假如你是李华，你的美国笔友Bob向你询问我们国家的风俗习惯。请你根据以下图示，给他写一封信，简单介绍我们国家的风俗。

要求：

1.参考提示内容，可适当发挥；

2.语句通顺，意思连贯，书写工整；

3.文中不得出现任何真实信息；

4.词数：不少于70词（开头已给出，但不计入总词数）。

Dear Bob,In our country there are some special customs.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua

【答案】

Dear Bob,

In our country there are some special customs. First, we are supposed to shake hands when we meet someone for the first time. It’s different from your country. Second, we are expected to let the old people sit first. Respecting the old is a traditional virtue of our Chinese nation. At table, it’s impolite to speak loudly. We had better eat quietly while we’re eating. At the same time, it’s necessary to finish eating up the food in the bowl. Don’t waste anything. Because saving food is a traditional virtue of our Chinese nation.

If you are interested in our customs. I’ll tell you more when you come to our country.

Yours,

Li Hua

【详解】[总体分析]

①题材：本文是一篇应用文，为书信作文；

②时态：时态为“一般现在时”；

③提示：写作要点已给出，考生应注意不要遗漏，适当增加细节完整表述内容。

[写作步骤]

第一步，介绍我们国家有许多特别的习俗，引出本文主题；

第二步，介绍我们国家的礼仪和习俗。

[亮点词汇]

①be supposed to do sth应该做某事

②had better do sth最好做某事

③at the same time同时

[高分句型]

①Respecting the old is a traditional virtue of our Chinese nation. （动名词作主语）

②At table, it’s impolite to speak loudly（动词不定式作主语）

D

（2022·内蒙古·三模）

随着新型冠状病毒的不断变异，防疫已成为常态化工作。随着疫情在全球蔓延，境外人员输入日益增多，且在个别城市出现了大量无症状感染者，疫情防控形势依然严峻，所以我们不能松懈防护工作，现在，学校团委征集用英语写一份关于中学生防疫新冠的发言稿，呼吁大家继续科学进行防疫新冠。

提示词：important，stay in good mood，exercise，sleep…

写作要求：

1.用上所有提示词，内容完整，意思清楚，表达通顺，书写规范；

2.词数80词左右，不包含已经给出的句子的词数。

3.不得出现真实的人名，校名。

Dear schoolmates,

 Many things around us may affect our feelings and moods, and we can’t do everything we like to do as usual because of the COVID-19. So far, we haven’t killed the virus completely. We need to do something to keep fighting it in order to protect ourselves._________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

【答案】

Dear schoolmates,

Many things around us may affect our feelings and moods, and we can’t do everything we like to do as usual because of the COVID-19. So far, we haven’t killed the virus completely. We need to do something to keep fighting it in order to protect ourselves.

First, it is important for us to keep away from the crowd, especially the people who come back from disease-affected areas and abroad. Second, remember to always wear masks which can protect ourselves from getting infected when we go out. Third, be sure to wash our hands as often as possible. Fourth, don’t touch your eyes, mouth and ears when you go outside. Fifth, we’d better stay in a good mood. Keeping happy is good for our health. What’s more, stop eating wild animals and never keep close to them. Finally, we should take exercise every day and have enough sleep to keep healthy.

If we keep doing these, I’m sure everything will be fine.

【详解】[总体分析]

①题材：本文是一篇发言稿；

②时态：时态为“一般现在时”；

③提示：写作要点已给出，考生应注意不要遗漏，适当增加细节完整表述内容。

[写作步骤]

第一步，开头已给出，引出本文主题；

第二步，介绍防护新冠的方法。

[亮点词汇]

①because of因为

②keep away from远离

③protect...from...保护……免受

④what’s more并且

[高分句型]

①We need to do something to keep fighting it in order to protect ourselves.（动词不定式作目的状语）

②First, it is important for us to keep away from the crowd,（it固定句型，动词不定式作主语）