【中考二轮题型复习】2023年中考英语全国通用题型分类汇编学案——专题05 补全对话

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专题06 单词拼写 根据首字母及汉语提示完成单词是相对简单的词汇考查题型,完成这类题要掌握以下方法和技巧。“单词拼写”题主要有下面一些题型。一、词类转换A)按要求写出该词的相应形式。1. boy(复数)___________2. they(宾格)___________3. thin(比较级)___________4. dance(v-ing形式)___________5. break(过去分词) ___________(答案 :1. boys  2. them 3. thinner 4. dancing  5. broken)这种题型是单词拼写题型中比较机械的一种，主要是考查学生对单词形式变换的掌握程度，要求学生掌握单词的变化规则以及一些构词法。B)用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空。1. Which is         (far) from us，the sun or the moon？2. The pot is used for         (keep) water hot. 3. Mike is ill. His mother feels         (worry). 4. Beijing will be         (rain)tomorrow. 5. They are my         (friendly). 这种题型是比较灵活的词类转换形式。它不仅考查学生对单词变换形式的掌握程度，更主要是考查学生对句子成份划分的能力及对各种词类能作什么成份的掌握程度。解答这类题必须先考虑所给词在空格处作什么成份，理解句意，然后采用适当的形式。第1题，根据句意“太阳和月亮哪一个离我们较远？”，二者比较，应用比较级，故填 farther；第2题， for是介词，后接v-ing形式，故填keeping；第3题，feel是系动词，后面应接形容词作表语，故填worried；第4题，rain的形容词为rainy；第5题，根据句意，此处应填名词，又因主语They为复数，放这里应填friends。二、词语释义根据英文解释，完成下列单词的拼写，每个单词的第一个字母已给出。1. c         (put one thing over another)2. u         (different from；not in the same way)3. F         (the second month of the year)4. s         (not hurt，not in danger)5. l         (not heavy)6. v         (a place smaller than a town)7. r         (having much money)8. f         (of, in or from another country)9. w         (make clean with water)10. c        (easy to see, hear, read or understand)  (安徽省中考题)这类题主要考查学生是否能理解一定的英语解释及掌握某些同义词、近义词或反义词。解答这类题，必须先弄懂释义，再根据提示，写出单词。(答案 :1. cover  2. unlike  3. February  4. safe  5. light  6. village  7. rich  8. foreign  9. wash  10. clear)三、汉译英根据下列句子及所给汉语注释，写出空缺处各单词的正确形式。1. Miss Brown taught         (他们) English last term. 2. We don’t think their classroom is         (干净) than ours. 3. Is it the best one of the         (照片) of your family ?4. I spent an hour         (写) the passage last night. 做这类题要从语法的角度，认真检查所填英语单词的词形是否正确。如果填的是名词，要注意它们是单数还是复数；如果填的是形容词、副词，要注意它们是否需要用比较级或最高级；如果是动词，要注意它们的时态、语态以及语气等。第1题，根据句意，taught后面应接人称代词的宾格形式，故填them；第2题，根据句意，此处应填形容词比较级cleaner；第 3题，根据句意，此处可填photo或 picture；又因 one of后应接可数名词的复数形式，故应填 photos/pictures；第 4题，根据句意，“花费多少时间做某事”常用句型“spend+时间+doing sth”，故此处应填 writing。 四、根据句意填词A)根据句意填入一个适当的词，使句子完整、正确。1. July the first is our         birthday. 2. The Great Wall is over 6, 000 kilometers        . 3. Miss Yang has got books on many different        . 这种题主要考查学生正确分析和理解句子的能力。解答这类题，应先考虑所填单词在句中作什么成份，用什么词性，再结合句意和语法全盘考虑。第1题，根据句意“7月1日是我们……生日。”此处应填“党的”，即Party’s :第2题，根据句意 :“长城有6，000多公里。”此处应填“长”，即long；第 3题，根据句意，此处应填“学科”，即 subjects。B)根据句意和首字母的提示完成下列单词。1. He has kept a d     since he was at school. It has recorded(记录) what happened each day. 2.I enjoy watching football games on TV. What is your f     television programme？(答案 :1. diary   2. favorite)在句子中缺词的情况下，弄懂句子的意义是关键。解答此类题时要注意“两个确定”，即“确定单词”和“确定形式”。【解题技巧一】读懂句意，确定单词例 1  The f      day of the week is Sunday. 该句意为“一周的第一天是星期天”，需要填的词的首字母是“f”，根据常识和序数词有关知识应填“第一”，故填 first。此类题还可考月份。如 :September is the n________month of the year(答案 :ninth)【解题技巧二】瞻前顾后，确定形式1写出单词后，还要注意分析该单词是否需要变化形式。现分类说明如下 :1. 名词   一般考虑单、复数和所有格。例1  Do you like white？We have shirts of different c       . 根据句意，可确定单词为“color”，通过前面的shirts和different两词可确定此处应用colors。例2 September 10th is T      Day. 根据句意，确定单词“Teacher”，它与Day之间存在所有格关系，将Teacher变为复数，再变为所有格，应填Teachers’。2. 形容调和副词   这两类词学生极易混淆，做题时应仔细分析，慎重选择究竟用哪类词，有时还要考虑到形容词和副词“级”的变化。例1  He was very a      with the man upstairs and began to shout，“Stop singing！”根据句意，此处应填形容词原级angry。例 2  On Sundays，children play h       in the park. 此处应填副词happily，副词修饰动词。3. 动词  动词变化形式较为复杂，一般有五种 :动词原形、第三人称单数形式、现在分词,过去式和过去分词。可综合考查学生运用英语知识的能力。例1  Thank you very much for l        me your bike. 介词后动词用-ing形式，故填lending。例 2  When he was ten，he became i       in maths. become interested in为固定词组，意为“对……感兴趣”，故此处应填interested。4. 数词  注意确定用基数词还是序数词。例1  There are t       months in a year. 此处应用基数词twelve。例 2  December is the t        month of the year. 此处应填序数词twelfth。5. 代词  主要从人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词和疑问代词几方面考虑，有时还要考虑用单数还是用复数。例 1  Help y      to some fish，Jim. 根据句意，此处应用yourself. 例 2 “Help y      to some fish，please. ”Mrs Green said to the twins. 根据句意，the twins为复数，故填yourselves。6. 连词  若前后两个词或句子存在转折、因果、并列、选择等关系，一般应填连词。例 1  She didn’t go to school yesterday b      she was il1. 从句和主句互为因果关系，故填because。例 2  The football match still went on t       it was raining heavily. 该从句为让步状语从句，故应填 though。1.Whatever happens,we should have the courage to f　　　　　(面对) the difficulty. 2.They finally solved the problem in a p　　　　　(合适的) way. 3.The children are learning how to c　　　　　(计数). 4.Your brother is a man of many t　　　　　(才能). 5.There are two stone lions who g　　　　　(守卫) the gate in the big house. 答案与解析1.face　句意:无论发生什么,我们都应该有勇气面对困难。have the courage to do sth.有勇气做某事,故用动词原形face。2.proper　句意:他们最后用合适的方法解决了那个难题。修饰名词way,故用形容词,故为proper。3.count　句意:孩子们正在学习如何数数。how to do sth.作动词learn的宾语,故为count。4.talents　句意:你的哥哥是一个很有才能的人。有many修饰,故用名词的复数形式,故为talents。5.guard　句意:有两个石狮子守卫那所大房子的门口。此处的定语从句的谓语根据先行词two stone lions来判断,先行词是复数名词,故定语从句的谓语用复数形式,故为guard。【常考单词】一、一个星期七天1. Monday   2. Tuesday   3. Wednesday 4. Thursday   5. Friday   6. Saturday   7. Sunday二、一年十二个月1. January   2. February   3. March   4. April  5. May   6. June   7. July   8. August   9. September10. October   11. November   12. December三、一年四季1. spring   2. summer   3. autumn   4. winter四、容易拼写错的数字1. eighth   第八2. ninth   第九3. forty   四十4. twelfth   第十二5. twentieth   第二十 四、亲属称呼1. daughter   (女儿)2. niece   (女性晚辈)3. nephew   (男性晚辈)4. cousin   (同辈兄弟姐妹)5. aunt   (女性长辈)6. uncle (男性长辈) 五、以下动词加-ed或-ing要双写最后一个字母1. regret (regretted, regretting) 后悔2. control (controlled, controlling) 控制3. admit (admitted, admitting) 承认4. occur (occurred, occurring) 出现5 .prefer (preferred, preferring) 宁愿6. refer (referred, referring) 提到7. forget (forgetting ) 忘记8. permit (permitted, permitting)允许9. equip (equipped, equipping) 装备 注意：quarrel, signal, travel中的l可双写（英国英语）也可不双写（美国英语）六、部分过去式和过去分词不规则变化的动词1. broadcast (broadcast, broadcast) 广播2. flee (fled, fled) 逃跑3. forbid (forbade, forbidden) 禁止4. forgive (forgave, forgiven) 原谅5. freeze (froze, frozen) 结冰6. hang (作“绞死”讲，是规则的；作“悬挂”讲，其过去式过去分词都是hung)7. lie (作“说谎”讲时，是规则的；作“位于”讲时，其过去式是lay，过去分词是lain)8. seek (sought, sought) 寻求9. shake (shook, shaken) 发抖10. sing (sang, sung) 唱歌11. sink (sank, sunk/sunken) 下沉12. spread (spread, spread) 传播13. swim (swam, swum) 游泳14. tear (tore, torn) 撕碎15. weave (wove, woven) 编织七、意思相近的词1. check / examine/ test2. receive / accept3. destroy /damage 4. celebrate/ congratulate5. wear / dress 八、注意形容词变名词时的拼写变化1. long—length 长度2. wide—width 宽度3. high—height 高度4. strong—strength力量5. wise-- wisdom6. warm- warmth 7. deep- depth 8. curious – curiosity9. prove (v.) - proof (复数加s) 10. believe-belief  (复数加s)11. tired – tiredness 12. real- reality 13. young – youth 九、以-ic结尾的动词，应先把-ic变为-ick，再加ing或ed1.picnic (picnicked, picnicking) 野餐 十、个别名词的复数拼写1. German (Germans) 德国人2. gulf (gulfs) 海湾3. handkerchief (handkerchiefs) 手帕4. hero (英雄)，potato (土豆)，tomato (西红柿) 等有生命的以-o结尾的名词变复数时要加-es。 5. roof (roofs) 房顶6. stomach 胃 (其复数是stomachs而不是加es)8. proofs （证据）十一、注意动词变名词时的拼写变化1. succeed—success  成功2. pronounce—pronunciation  发音3. explain—explanation  解释4. decide—decision  决定5. enter—entrance  进入6. permit—permission  允许7. refuse—refusal  拒绝                          8. consider—consideration  考虑9. discover—discovery  发现10. conclude—conclusion  得出结论11. arrive—arrival  到达12. survive- survival  幸存者13. weigh—weight  重量14. describe- description 15. appreciate – appreciation16. recognize- recognition 17. invite- invitation 18. free-freedom19. exist-existence20. serve- service 21. mix-mixture22. brave-bravery23. lose-loss24. expect –expectation 25. admit – admission 26. cruel - cruelty27. compete – competition –competitor  十二、注意形容词变副词时的拼写变化1. possible—possibly 可能的（记住ble,  ple,  tle 结尾的变为bly）但whole –wholly 除外2. true- truth – truly 3. terrible- terribly 4. simple – simply 5. gentle –gently 6. anger-angry- angrily 7. shy-shyly8. whole- wholly 9. north- northern  east- eastern【例题展示】一、根据首字母填空1．（2022·贵州铜仁·统考二模）I have s________ in passing the exam because of working hard.2．（2022·四川内江·校考二模）—Can you tell me some d________ between the two pictures?—Sure. For example, one is lively, but the other isn’t.3．（2022·江苏苏州·校考一模）As soon as the pointsman (交警) arrived, the traffic ran s________ again.4．（2022·新疆乌鲁木齐·统考一模）Liu Yuguan, a 13-year-old student at Beijing 21st Century International School, r________ a special letter from Thomas Bach, president of the IOC, recently.5．（2022·江苏苏州·苏州市振华中学校校考二模）The magazine has picked out some events that happened last year and will i________ our world for years to come.二、根据汉语提示填空6．（2022·湖北襄阳·统考一模）—Have you heard the news? —Yes. The school broadcasting station announced that our school _________ (已经好好利用他们筹集来的钱购买了新的仪器) for kids. (put)7．（2022·湖北襄阳·统考一模）—What do you think of the opening ceremony of Beijing Winter Olympics? —Creative. And the 24 solar terms (24节气) at the ceremony _________. (毫无疑问在传播传统的中国文化中起作用) (play)8．（2022·江苏连云港·校考二模）Zhong Nanshan took an active part in the battle against COVID-19 in 2019. Since then, he ________ (成为……骄傲) of the whole country9．（2022·江苏连云港·校考二模）Please do homework ________（尽可能细心）, then you will make fewer mistakes.10．（2022·湖北襄阳·统考一模）—How wonderful the library in Dongjin is!—Yeah, _________________________（各种各样的书可以提供给人们）in our city.（provide）三、根据句意填空11．（2022·江苏南通·校考模拟预测）__________ has two parts. 1% is being clever, but 99% is hard work.12．（2022·吉林白山·统考一模）More and more people are ________ to afford to travel abroad.13．（2022·江苏苏州·星海实验中学校考一模）Did the accident in Pakistan happen by chance or by ________?14．（2022·吉林·模拟预测）Mount Hua is well known. Thousands of visitors come to ________ its beautiful scenery every year.15．（2022·江苏宿迁·统考一模）—I hear your grandpa can’t see anything now. Is it true?—That’s true. He has gone ________.四、根据汉语及首字母填空16．（2022·安徽六安·校联考模拟预测）His mistake often makes his teacher m________ (很生气).17．（2022·四川乐山·统考一模）It’s a good habit to w______ (洗)hands before meals.18．（2022·安徽滁州·校联考二模）I like reading the novels written by Mo Yan. I a________ (欣赏) him .19．（2022·山东泰安·统考模拟预测）Allen is the only person I admire and I think I’ll stick to s________（支持）him in every choice he makes.20．（2022·安徽·模拟预测）Mario is used to v________ (做志愿者工作) at an animal hospital now.21．（2022·安徽六安·六安市第九中学校考一模）There are many h_________ (英雄) in our times, such as Yang Liwei and Tu Youyou. We should learn from them.22．（2022·安徽六安·六安市第九中学校考一模）The traditional food of a place shows its c________(文化), weather and products.23．（2022·安徽合肥·合肥市第四十五中学校考三模）Your brain needs exercise to stay f________ (健康的), just like your body.24．（2022·安徽合肥·合肥市第四十五中学校考三模）The little boy e________ (喜欢) reading in his new study.25．（2022·安徽淮北·统考二模）We should try to a________（避免）doing anything that may cause a fire in the forest.五、根据英文解释填空26．（2022·江苏南通·南通市新桥中学校考一模）Millions of Chinese Internet users were ________ (amazed) that the spittoon (痰盂) was advertised as a “1960s Chinese traditional fruit basket” on Amazon.27．（2022·江苏宿迁·统考二模）DIY means that you make, ________ (fix, mend) or decorate things yourself instead of paying someone to do it.28．（2022·江苏南通·南通田家炳中学校考模拟预测）During his stay in the UK, Nick said that he often ________ (go to) some English lessons.29．（2022·江苏宿迁·统考三模）Father’s Day is coming. I would like to buy a ________ (gift) for my dear father.30．（2022·江苏宿迁·校考二模）The ________ (a long trip) to Mars would be full of danger and challenges.