【中考二轮题型复习】2023年中考英语全国通用题型分类汇编学案——专题08 选词填空

专题08 短文填空

题型概述

短文填空是中考英语试卷最难题目之一，它的分值是15分，分为10个小题，每小题1.5分，占整份英语试题分值的12.5%（15/120）。短文填空一般在一篇200~250字左右的故事性短文中挖出10个空（一般一行或一句一个空，首句不设空），要求学生通读短文，并根据上下文来补全短文，每空只能填一个单词（不能填数字）。主要考九大词类（名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、数词、介词、连词、冠词）。

该题旨在测试考生的英语阅读理解能力和简单的书面表达能力，看其是否能够运用所学过的英语知识进行简单的书面交流，从而达到既考查学生的语言基础知识，又考查他们的观察能力、联想能力以及对语言的综合运用能力。为了答好短文填空题目，我们要打好基础关。这个基础关既包括1600个单词，300多个短语以及一部分常用句型和习惯用语的意思和用法，也包括各种词的词形变化。此处重点介绍在短文填空中常考的名词和动词的词形变化。

解题步骤

1.略读全文，掌握大意。

　　短文填空与完形填空一样，属于障碍性阅读，但它的难度比完形填空还要高，因为完形填空有四个备选答案，而短文填空没有提供备选答案，要求考生既能想得到答案，还要写得对单词。所以在解题时，先略读全文，对全文有个大概了解。

2.运用所学知识和技巧，逐项填空，先易后难。

　在读完一遍之后，对短文内容有大概了解。然后运用所学的知识与技巧，根据文章的大意，逐个填空。易的先填，难的做标记后填。绝对不能留空。

3.核对答案。

　全部题目完成后，再复读一遍，核查答案。（1）检查答案注意动词的时态、语态。（2）检查名词要注意单复数。（3）检查形容词和副词的三个级别。（4）检查习惯用语、固定搭配等是否符合习惯。（5）检查上下文的连贯性，以及所填词是否符合逻辑。

方法技巧

技巧一：.寻“宝”推理法

与完形填空的寻“宝”推理法一样，就是在从上下文中找到相关的“宝”（信息点），通过逻辑推理，从而填出与原句意思相符单词的方法。如：

【典例】 It was a fine day last Sunday. John went to Tianlong supermarket to do some   （1）   alone. Because it was a little far away from his home, he   （2）   his car there. Soon he got there and found room for his car. He parked his car and went into the   （3）   to buy the things he needed. Twenty minutes later, he finished shopping. He was very happy he could   （4）   shopping in less than half an hour. At last he took the things slowly back to the car park. What a good day he had!

【分析】：

（1）A. 上下寻宝：从下文（倒数第二行）可寻到“宝”：“he could finish shopping in less...”。

B． 判定答案：把“宝”代入句子中，意思完整，故确定答案填shopping。

C． 检查复核：shopping此处是不可数名词，不用+s。

（2）A. 上下寻宝：从下文（本空的后一句）可寻到“宝”：“Soon he got …for his car”。B. 判定答案：经过逻辑推理，只有开车去超市，才要找停车位，故确定答案填drive。C. 检查复核：drive是动词。上半句动词用was为过去时，所以本空也要用过去时“drove”。

（3）A. 上下寻宝：从上文（第一行第二句）可寻到“宝”：“Tianlong supermarket”。B. 判定答案: 把“宝”代入句子中，意思完整，故确定答案填supermarket。C. 检查复核：supermarket此处是可数名词，但此处没有复数的概念，不用+s。

技巧二：. 搭配法

根据短语，句型以及习惯用语的常用搭配来填词的方法。如：

【典例】 With the environment becoming worse and worse, more and more people realize the importance of protecting the environment. But there are still some people paying less   （1）   to it. They are still doing something harmful to the environment.Last Sunday I went to the Plant Garden to enjoy   （2）  . When I stepped into the gate of the garden, I felt comfortable at first because I could breathe the fresh air and enjoy the beautiful flowers and trees.

But to my   （3）  , I saw a man lying in a sleep net hanging   （4）   two trees. I thought this kind of behavior would hurt the trees. How could he make money by hurting the trees like this? Without trees, how could we get the fresh air? I don’t know how to express my anger. I think   （5）   is our duty to protect the environment. So something must be done to stop this kind of behavior.

【分析】：

（1）A. 寻找搭配：从空格前后我们可寻到短语搭配：“pay attention to”。B. 判定答案：由搭配可知，此处填attention一词。C. 检查复核：attention代入后，意思通顺，符合逻辑，且attention是不可数名词，不用+s。

（2）A. 寻找搭配：从空格前我们可寻到短语搭配：“enjoy oneself”。B. 判定答案：由搭配可知，此处缺了oneself一词。前面是I，所以此处填myself。C. 检查复核：myself代入后，意思通顺，符合逻辑，且myself没有词形变化。

技巧三：.前后关系判断法

　根据所填空的前后部分之间的关系来填词的方法。

【典例】：At our school, we sometimes have a special day to help others. We call the day “Volunteer Day”. On that day, we often go to the old people’s home   （1）   help them do the housework. The old people were very happy   （2）   every year we organize this kind of activities several times.   （3）   we don’t do much for them, they were thankful to us. They were lonely, they needed people to visit them often and chatted with them.   （4）   every one can do something for the lonely old people, they will be happier.

【分析】：

（1）A. 分开关系部分或句子：从所填空句子意思，我们可将句子分两部分。第一部分“we often go tothe old people’s home”。第二部分 “help them do the housework”.B. 根据两部分之间关系，判定答案: 两部分之间是并列关系，要填and；或者第二部分 “help themdo the housework”是“we often go to the oldpeople’s home”的目的。要填to。C. 检查复核：and或to代入后，意思通顺，符合逻辑。所以此题答案可填and 或to。

（2）A. 分开关系部分或句子：从所填空句子意思，我们可将句子分两部分。第一部分“the old people were very happy”。第二部分 “every year we organize this kind of activities several times”.根据两部分之间关系，判定答案：老人们很高兴是因为每年我们有好几次组织这样的活动。所以两部分之间是因果关系，此处要填表原因的词because。C. 检查复核：because代入后，意思通顺，符合逻辑。所以此题答案可填because。

（3）A. 分开关系部分或句子：从所填空句子意思，我们可将句子分两部分。第一部分“we don’t do much for them”。第二部分 “they were thankful to us”.B. 根据两部分之间关系，判定答案：虽然我们为他们做的不多，但是他们对我们很感激。两部分之间是转折关系，故要填Though. C. 检查复核：Though代入后，意思通顺，符合逻辑。所以此题答案可填Though。

（4）A. 分开关系部分或句子：从所填空句子意思，我们可将句子分两部分。第一部分“every one can do something for the lonely old people”。第二部分 “they will be happier”.B. 根据两部分之间关系，判定答案: 如果每个人都能为孤单老人做些事情，他们就会更高兴。所以两部分之间是条件关系，要填If。C. 检查复核：If代入后，意思通顺，符合逻辑。所以此题答案可填If。

【强化练习】

A

（2022·广东惠州·统考一模）

请用适当的词完成下面的短文。每个空只能填写一个形式正确、意义相符的单词。

The sweetest memory of my childhood is about a round table. When I was still little, my whole family would get together on different traditional ____1____ to have dinner. We kids would be sitting around or playing hide-and-seek under the table while the grown-ups were having a discussion.

When I got a bit older, my aunt ___2___ back her boyfriend. And my grandma cheerfully added another seat ____3____ the round table. It seemed a little more crowded, but we all felt much ____4____ to each other. When I was twelve, my grandpa passed away. That made us ____5____ very sad. However, when the whole family got together once again, we all agreed that his chair, his bowl and his chopsticks should remain the same. Even though his seat was ____6____, we all felt like that he had never left us.

We all have a table like this in ____7____ homes. It’s a sign of reunion of our family showing our feelings. ____8____ the reasons why we come together may be different, the feelings behind them are the same. Usually different cultures are accepted by us around the ____9____. What’s more, we express the love not only for our family, but also for a community, our nation and even the whole world.

The history of our nation has been the stories of looking for or running to the round table ____10____ we belong to. The round table has been a symbol of the Chinese feelings. It was, it is and will always be.

B

（2022·重庆渝北·统考模拟预测）

根据下面短文内容，在短文的空格处填上一个恰当的词，使短文完整、通顺。

For students, exams are an important part in their learning life. It is natural to feel a little nervous about exams, especially when you’re under pressure (压力) from school or family. However, too much exam pressure can ____11____you to feel upset, and this might infuence your sleeping and eating habits.

If you have any of these feelings and are worried that your exam pessure is strong, you are not ____12____. After all, according to a recent study, 54% of the students aged 13-18 in Asia are experiencing pressure when facing exams. Luckily, ____13____is something you can do.

Firstly, let your friends and family know if you’re having a hard time and feeling bad, so they can be there to offer a listening ear and encourage you. You don’t have to go through this all by yourself. Keeping it to yourself will only make things even ____14____,  so don’t be afraid to open up.

Secondly, think about all the support you need, and be honest with yourself about it. You are allowed to ask for help. Tell your ____15____about your worries. They can give you some helpful advice ____16____they may have talked to lots of students with similar worries before.

One more thing you can do is to be kind to ____17____. It can be helpful to write a list of things you have achieved so far, and you can also write down what other people like ____18____you. Treating yourself kindly is helpful.

If you follow the advice above, I’m sure you will feel much better when exams come.

C

（2022·广东湛江·统考模拟预测）

请用适当的词完成下面这篇短文，并把所缺单词填写在答题卡指定的位置上。每个空只能填写一个形式正确、意义相符的单词。

      Oliver Twist is one of the most famous stories of Charles Dickens. Set in the nineteenth century, it is about a boy called Oliver ___19___ finds himself alone in the world. He lives in a special house for poor people and always has ___20___ empty stomach. One day, he asks ___21___ more food and gets into trouble!

Later, Oliver runs ___22___ from the house to London. There he meets some boys. These boys teach Oliver to steal money and other things, though Oliver does not want to ___23___ he is a good child. After going through many difficulties, Oliver is ___24___ home by a kind old man. In the end, Oliver discovers that the kind man is a relative of ___25___, and he goes to live with him in the city. There are many ___26___ why Oliver Twist is so popular. There are a lot of actions in the book, and it is also very humorous. The writer was also very ___27___ at writing about the everyday lives of poor children in London in the nineteenth century—his book made people ___28___ more about the problems of poor children.

D

（2022·湖南岳阳·校联考二模）

根据短文内容，在文中空格处填上一个恰当的词，使短文完整、通顺。

After the trip for the Yangtze River Economic Belt(长江经济带), President Xi Jinping trusted the government of Yueyang with the task of protecting the river.

Since then, Yueyang has worked hard to improve the environment by closing ____29____ polluting factories and starting green projects. Meanwhile, Yueyang has set a good example of green development along the Yangtze River.

____30____ to the government and all the hard-working people, we can see beautiful green trees on both sides of the Yangtze River. There are also enjoyable places ____31____ of factories around Dongting Lake for local people to relax and exercise.

We ____32____ up along the beautiful river. It is our duty to protect our mother river. We are ____33____ to keep the sense of protecting in mind all the time. ____34____ we are young, we can still do something to help. In fact, even the simplest everyday activities can make a ____35____ to the environment.

Here is some ____36____ for us to follow. First, We could reuse water. When we finish washing the clothes, we can use the water to clean the floor. Second, we should make good ____37____ of paper. For example, we can give _____38_____ our used textbook to other students. Last, we may use fewer plastic bags by using our own bags. Let’s take action now!

E

（2022·广东中山·校考一模）

请阅读下面这篇文章，在所给的每个空格中填入一个形式正确、意义相符的单词，并将答案写在答题卡上对应题目的答题位置。

How would we travel without maps? It would be a bit adventurous(冒险的) to set off from Oxford University to London Bridge ____39____ there wasn’t a map of the London Underground at each station. In fact, a lot of early map makers were adventures and explorers, especially ____40____ the 15th century and the 16th century.

So what did people do before there were maps? Well, it was quite easy to ____41____ natural signs like mountains and rivers. And it was ____42____ more logical to use time, not distance, to measure journey: the next village is ____43____ three-hour-ride, for example.

In the earliest maps,people didn’t draw landmarks but the stars.It was very easy to see the night sky and use it for navigation (航行).The sky was a lot clearer ____44____ the pollution. When towns and cities were built, people drew road maps ____45____ gave correct distance and directions.

The London Underground was opened in 1863 and it also used a road map style. But a man ____46____ Henry Beck realized that traveling by train wasn’t the same as driving your car across London. Passengers only needed to know which stations to change at. At first, his new design for the underground map didn’t ____47____ the train companies, but the passengers loved it.

These days, of course, you can ride a bike, _____48_____ a car or walk through a forest and know where you are exactly, using a GPS. It’s really difficult to get lost!