【中考二轮题型复习】2023年中考英语全国通用题型分类汇编学案——专题10 任务型阅读

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专题10 任务型阅读解题技巧 题型概述对于中考考生来说做“任务型”这样的题目时，普遍觉得不难，而考试结果一出来，却发现得高分的不多，原因就在于这种题型不仅要求考生读懂文章， 还要求同学们用自己的语言简练的回答有关问题；既考查了学生的阅读理解能力，也考查了大家的英语表达能力和概括能力，另外，对回答的拼写、语法的正确性的要求，使得做简答题有一定的难度。再加上解答这样的题型几乎没有猜题的技巧可言，也从某种意义上加大了做题的难度。要想取得较好的成绩，对于题型的研究，好的解题步骤和技巧是非常重要的。任务型阅读即根据短文内容回答问题是阅读理解的一道重要题型。此题为5个问题，问题设计一般比较简单，多数考题针对文章中的事实细节，答案都能在原文中找到出处。最后一个问题通常为开放性题目，往往需要概括文章主旨要义。解题步骤1看任务：略读任务  记住任务2看文段：略读文段首尾句、段 ----带着任务细读---在文段中做标记定位--对比文段中标记处和对应任务常见题型1 信息查找题：1.解题关键: 根据问题查找定位信息。常用方法: 带着问题有意识地在关键处做标记2 信息转换题：解题关键: 根据问题查找定位信息，加工分析并转换成另一种表达方式。常见的转换方式有：词性转换，词汇转换，句型转换3 信息归纳题：解题关键：根据问题查找定位信息，找共性的东西,归纳概括出最佳答案。方法技巧技巧一：由一般疑问句引出的判断题解题技巧以be动词、助动词、情态动词为句首，句末有问号（？）的句子。要用yes 和no回答的句子.例如：    Do they do their homework after school? be动词：am, is, are, was, were助动词：do, does, did, will, have, has情态动词：can , may, must, could, should, would技巧二：由选择疑问句引出的判断题解题技巧提出两种或两种以上的情况，要求选择一种情况回答，这种问句叫做选择疑问句，选择疑问句的两种或两种以上的情况用or连接，回答时不能用yes或no。1．一般选择疑问句句型：一般疑问句+or +被选择的情况？-- Are you a teacher or a student？   --- I'm a student. 技巧三：由特殊疑问句引出的判断题解题技巧特殊选择疑问句句型：特殊疑问句+A or B?/A,B or C？---- When will he leave for London，today or tomorrow？    ---- Tomorrow. 特殊疑问句是以特殊疑问词为句首，句末有问号的句子。特殊疑问词包括Who(人物)、Where(地点)、  When(时间)、What(事件)、Why(原因)，which（哪个），whose（谁的），whom（who的宾格形式）  How(方式)和由基本疑问词变化的疑问词。例如：由what增加的what time/what day/what kind/what color/what shape/what length由how变化的 how long/how soon/ how often how old/how far/how many/how much特殊疑问句解题技巧：回答特殊疑问句较为复杂，要注意问题与回答在形式上的对应。(1)问目的，就应当用 for短语，to do不定式短语等来回答；(2)问原因，就应当用 because of 短语或because 从句来回答；(3)问方式，就应当用 By doing来回答；(4)问时间、地点时，答语中不要忘记介词。(5)提问词是what 只能用完整句子、名词或名词性短语、名词性从句(多为宾语从句)来回答;技巧四：最后一题提问类型What’s the main idea of the passage?What are the main points about ... in this passage?What can you learn from the passage?What does the writer want to tell us？What are the purposes of ……?1.要点通常包括两个或多于两个。2.抓住文章的结构，要关注语篇结构（总-分、分-总、总-分-总），组织语言时要避免使用不熟悉的句型、词汇或短语，尽可能用原文中的关键词语回答问题，但不能照抄原句，要对原文进行总结归纳。概括大意回答方式：记住这些有用的句型：It’s( about)…It’s( about)   what+主语+谓语,  how+主语+谓语 why+主语+谓语  (注意介宾从句，主谓语序)阅读回答问题解题步骤和注意事项1、通读：快速浏览全文，标清段序。如是对话形式划分出层次2、扫读：浏览全文，每段主题句，理清文章基本结构。文章的中心思想以及作者的基本观点、正确理解语境3、精读：精读问题，圈划关键词，理解问题，带着问题找读，按出题顺序，确定答题区域。 4、复读：分析，提取，整合信息、准确表达。要用简练、准确的英语表达出来。注意回答问题时要切中要点，不要画蛇添足。组织答案时，注意避免语言错误，如：时态、主谓一致、人称转化，句子结构和拼写等。如需引用原文，要作适当改动，最好不要整句照搬。总结提升：1. 从近五年的中考题看，阅读与表达题所给的文章均为说明文，即有说明的对象，那么文章的主旨还是比较明确的。2.  任何一篇说明文都是围绕某个主题展开的，有些文章的主题句较明显，在文章的首段。也有的文章主题句不明显，但文中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也就是我们常说的主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。3. 概括主旨离不开对全文结构的把握，纵观全文，找准找全要点。4. 组织好语言，运用正确的句式，准确地表达出来。【强化练习】A（2022·内蒙古·模拟预测）As Chinese traditions go, few things are better than sitting around a hotpot while autumn and winter come over North China. Studies show that Kublai Khan, the emperor of the Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368), invented mutton hotpot.For a long time, only Beijing’s rich people could get their hands on mutton hotpot. Emperor Qianlong (1711-1799) was a true hotpot lover, eating the dish more than 200 times in 1789.Among the vegetables and meat spread out on the dinner table, mutton has been placed front and center. Many people believe mutton has the effect (效果) of warming the body, making it an ideal food for the colder months. Sheep are also generally fattened up after a summer of eating, making them perfect for meat lovers through the winter.The Chinese capital is home to more than 2,000 mutton hotpot restaurants, according to the food platform Dazhong Dianping. There are well-known hotpot brands such as Jubaoyuan, Manfulou, Yangdaye, Nanmen and Donglaishun.Today, many mutton hotpot restaurants divide the meat into many kinds according to which part of a sheep it is cut from. An experienced cook can cut the meat so thin that people can read the words of a book through the piece of the meat.In the old days, restaurants in the capital only started serving mutton hotpot from Mid-Autumn Festival (the 15th day of the eighth lunar month). Business often stopped after Spring Festival. Restaurant workers would have to find a new job after Dragon Boat Festival (the fifth day of the fifth lunar month), when business came to an end. Nowadays, however, people can enjoy the mutton hotpot all year round with technological development in mutton production across the country.阅读短文，根据短文内容用完整句子回答问题。1．Who was supposed to be the inventor of mutton hotpot?_______________________________________________________________________________________2．How can we tell Emperor Qianlong was a true hotpot lover?_______________________________________________________________________________________3．What things are also provided besides mutton when people enjoy mutton hotpot?_______________________________________________________________________________________4．How many famous hotpot brands are mentioned in the passage? _______________________________________________________________________________________5．Why would restaurant workers have to find a new job after Dragon Boat Festival in the old days? _______________________________________________________________________________________【答案】1．Kublai Khan./The emperor of the Yuan Dynasty./Kublai Khan, the emperor of the Yuan Dynasty was supposed to be the invent of mutton hotpot.    2．He ate the dish more than 200 times in 1789.    3．The vegetables and meat./The vegetables and meat are also provided besides mutton.    4．Five famous hotpot brands are mentioned in the passage./5./Five.    5．Because business came to an and.【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了火锅的由来。1．根据“Studies show that Kublai Khan, the emperor of the Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368), invented mutton hotpot.”可知，元朝皇帝忽必烈发明了羊肉火锅。故填Kublai Khan./The emperor of the Yuan Dynasty./Kublai Khan, the emperor of the Yuan Dynasty was supposed to be the invent of mutton hotpot.2．根据“Emperor Qianlong (1711-1799) was a true hotpot lover, eating the dish more than 200 times in 1789.”可知，乾隆皇帝是一个真正的火锅爱好者，在1789年他就吃了200多次火锅。故填He ate the dish more than 200 times in 1789.3．根据“Among the vegetables and meat spread out on the dinner table, mutton has been placed front and center.”可知，吃羊肉火锅时，除了羊肉还有蔬菜和肉。故填The vegetables and meat./The vegetables and meat are also provided besides mutton.4．根据“There are well-known hotpot brands such as Jubaoyuan, Manfulou, Yangdaye, Nanmen and Donglaishun.”可知，一共提到了五种火锅品牌。故填Five famous hotpot brands are mentioned in the passage./5./Five.5．根据“Business often stopped after Spring Festival. Restaurant workers would have to find a new job after Dragon Boat Festival (the fifth day of the fifth lunar month), when business came to an end.”可知，端午节过后，生意结束了，所以餐馆员工在端午过后要找新工作。故填Because business came to an and. B（2022·山东日照·校考一模）阅读下面的短文，根据要求完成文后各小题。Sun Ruifeng, a mother in Beijing, changed some of her plans for her 8-year-old son’s summer vacation. She looked for an English training course, but in the end, she changed it to a swimming training class. “Due to the stricter regulations (on subject-training classes, many parents like me choose sports or other projects for developing interests instead, ” Sun said. Sun’s choice is part of the result of the government’s growing efforts to lighten the academic pressure on young students. On July 24, Chinese government introduced a guideline(意见) to ease the burden(负担) of excessive homework and off-campus training for primary and junior high school students. It lists requirements in areas such as reducing the amount and the difficulty of homework and improving the quality of education and after-class services provided by schools. For example homework for children below the third grade is not allowed while homework for junior high school students should take no longer than 90 minutes to finish. According to the guideline, training institutions(机构) cannot teach students content that is too advanced for the school curriculum. No training courses can be taught on weekends, national holidays or during winter and summer vacations. According to Global Times, more than 75 percent of Chinese urban children, from Grade 1 to Grade 12, are enrolled in training programs. However, some training institutions take part in anxiety marketing, selling unnecessary programs that increase the burden on students. Many parents showed their support for the new moves. “Subject learning is enough at school and we hope to improve the children’s overall quality of life during holidays, ” a parent surnamed(姓) Zhou in Guangzhou told Xinhua. However, there are also some concerns. A parent surnamed Chen in Shanxi said that although she agreed on new moves, she worried about what her son would do after school if both parents have no time to be with him. At present, nine cities, including Beijing, Shanghai, Shenyang and Guangzhou, have been selected to carry out the guideline. It will later be rolled out nationwide.6．Sun Ruifeng didn’t choose the swimming training class for her son at last, did she?_______________________________________________________________________________________7．What does the guideline require primary and junior high schools to do on homework? _______________________________________________________________________________________8．How long do the children below the third grade spend on homework? _______________________________________________________________________________________9．Who increase the burden on students by selling unnecessary programs? _______________________________________________________________________________________10．Why did many parents show their support for the new move? _______________________________________________________________________________________【答案】6．Yes, she did.    7．It requires primary and junior high schools to reduce the amount and the difficulty of homework.8．Zero/0 hour/minute/second.    9．Some training institutions.    10．Because subject learning is enough at school and they hope to improve the children’s overall quality of life during holidays.【导语】本文介绍了“双减”政策的主要内容，中小学课外培训的情况及不同人对该政策的态度。6．根据“but in the end, she changed it to a swimming training class.”可知Sun Ruifeng最后给儿子选了游泳培训班。故填Yes, she did.7．根据“It lists requirements in areas such as reducing the amount and the difficulty of homework and improving the quality of education and after-class services provided by schools.”可知指导方针列出了减少家庭作业的数量和难度。故填It requires primary and junior high schools to reduce the amount and the difficulty of homework.8．根据“For example homework for children below the third grade is not allowed ”可知他们没有作业，所以他们不会花时间做作业。故填Zero/0 hour/minute/second.9．根据“However, some training institutions take part in anxiety marketing, selling unnecessary programs that increase the burden on students.”可知一些培训机构参与焦虑营销，出售不必要的课程，增加学生的负担。故填Some training institutions.10．根据“Many parents showed their support for the new moves. ‘Subject learning is enough at school and we hope to improve the children’s overall quality of life during holidays, ’ a parent surnamed(姓) Zhou in Guangzhou told Xinhua.”（许多家长对这些新举措表示支持。广州一位姓周的家长在接受新华社采访时表示：“学校里的科目学习已经足够了，我们希望在假期里提高孩子们的整体生活质量。”）可知是因为家长们认为学校里的科目学习已经足够了，他们希望在假期里提高孩子们的整体生活质量。故填Because subject learning is enough at school and they hope to improve the children’s overall quality of life during holidays. C（2022·辽宁辽阳·统考一模）阅读下面短文，简略回答问题。What do you want to be when you grow up? Would you rather be a scientist or an artist? If you have siblings（兄弟姐妹）, the order in which you were born may influence your choice of jobs, The Independent reported. Family roles based on birth order can influence people’s behavior and shape their personalities.A group of British scientists studied 500 people from 11 different career（事业）groups. They found that older children are more likely to become astronauts and scientists. NASA astronaut Neil Armstrong and British scientist Stephen Hawking are both the oldest children in their families. The reason is probably that parents usually treat older children more strictly than younger children. This gives the older children a more disciplined（遵守纪律的）personality.The scientists also found that middle children are 30 percent more likely to become CEOs than their brothers and sisters. The scientists said the reason could be that middle children need to do more to get attention from their parents. This makes them more competitive, more flexible（灵活变通的）and better at negotiating（谈判）. Mark Zuckerberg, founder of Facebook, and Bill Gates, former CEO of Microsoft, are both middle children.Younger children, on the other hand, may be the “softest”. They learn to pay attention to other people’s thoughts. This makes them sensitive to others’ feelings. Therefore, younger children are more likely to become musicians. German musician Johann Sebastian Bach and Austrian composer（作曲家）Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart are both the youngest children in their families.The results of the study also suggested that the only children are more likely to become artists. They get full attention from their parents and are freer to develop themselves. This makes them more creative and confident.11．How many career groups are the 500 people in the study from?_______________________________________________________________________________________12．What are middle children usually like?_______________________________________________________________________________________13．What are younger children in the family more likely to become?_______________________________________________________________________________________14．According to the passage, why are the only children more likely to become artists?_______________________________________________________________________________________15．What’s the main idea of the passage?_______________________________________________________________________________________【答案】11．11/Eleven.    12．More competitive, more flexible and better at negotiating.    13．Musicians.    14．Because they get full attention from their parents and are freer to develop themselves./Because they are more creative and confident.15．(How) Family roles based on birth order can influence people’s behavior and shape their personalities.【导语】本文主要阐述了家庭中兄弟姐妹的出生顺序可能影响未来各自选择的工作。出生顺序可以影响人们的行为和他们的个性。本文通过举例子，列数字，作对比等说明方法论述了出生顺序对人们未来所选择职业的影响。11．根据“A group of British scientists studied 500 people from 11 different career（事业）groups.”可知，一组英国科学家研究了来自11个不同职业群体的500人，故填11/Eleven.12．根据“This makes them more competitive, more flexible（灵活变通的）and better at negotiating”可知，他们更有竞争力，更灵活，更善于谈判，故填More competitive, more flexible and better at negotiating.13．根据“Therefore, younger children are more likely to become musicians”可知，年龄较小的孩子更有可能成为音乐家，故填Musicians.14．根据“They get full attention from their parents and are freer to develop themselves. This makes them more creative and confident”可知，他们从父母那里得到充分的关注，更自由地发展自己。这让他们更有创造力和自信，故填Because they get full attention from their parents and are freer to develop themselves./Because they are more creative and confident.15．通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了家庭中兄弟姐妹的出生顺序可能影响未来各自选择的工作，故填(How) Family roles based on birth order can influence people’s behavior and shape their personalities. D（2022·江苏南通·南通田家炳中学校考模拟预测）请认真阅读下面短文，并根据短文内容回答问题。Today, doctors know a lot about how to stop germs (细菌) from spreading. They advise people to cover their mouths when they cough or sneeze. Washing hands also helps. Storing food correctly can help prevent illness as well. However, people didn’t use to know a lot about germs. For many years, even doctors didn’t really understand how illnesses spread. They did many things to avoid getting sick. Some doctors even tried dressing like birds. In 1619, Charles de Lorme designed a special uniform for doctors treating plague (瘟疫) patients. The uniform had a long coat, gloves, boots and a wide-side hat. The doctors also carried long, wooden sticks so that they wouldn’t have to touch the patients. The mask made the doctors look like birds. It had a long beak with about 15 cm from the face. There were also two eyeholes covered in glass and two nose holes. At that time, doctors believed the plague was spread by bad air. So the doctors put medicine and flowers in the beaks of their masks. They believed this would remove the bad smell from air before breathing it, preventing them from being affected by the plague.Did it work? Well, not really. The germs that caused the plague did sometimes travel through the air, but good – smelling medicine wasn’t able to stop them. Many doctors still got sick by breathing through the nose holes in their masks. Some plague only spread through bites from fleas (跳蚤) and rodents (啮齿动物). The doctors’ uniforms did help protect them from this danger. However, it was largely the coat, gloves, boots and hat that did the job, not the bird mask.16．How many ways of stopping germs from spreading are mentioned in the first paragraph?_______________________________________________________________________________________17．What did the uniform Charles de Lorme desighed for doctors look like?_______________________________________________________________________________________18．Why did the doctors put medicine and flowers in the beaks of their masks?_______________________________________________________________________________________19．What does the underlined part “this danger” in Paragraph 5 refer to?_______________________________________________________________________________________20．How did you avoid the virus during the COVID-19 pandemic? (请自拟一句话作答)_______________________________________________________________________________________【答案】16．Three/3.    17．The uniform had a long coat, gloves, boots and a wide-side hat.    18．Because doctors believed the plague was spread by bad air.19．Some plague which spreads through bites from fleas and rodents.20．I wore a face mask when going out and washed my hands after going back home.(答案不唯一，言之有理即可)【导语】本文介绍了在过去包括医生在内的人都不知道细菌是如何传播的，以及医生发明鸟形面罩来阻止细菌传播，以及面罩的组成部分等。16．根据“They advise people to cover their mouths when they cough or sneeze. Washing hands also helps. Storing food correctly can help prevent illness as well.”可知，第一段提到了三种阻止细菌传播的方法，故填Three/3.17．根据“In 1619, Charles de Lorme designed a special uniform for doctors treating plague (瘟疫) patients. The uniform had a long coat, gloves, boots and a wide-side hat.”可知，1619年，查尔斯·德·洛姆为治疗鼠疫患者的医生设计了一种特殊的制服。制服有长外套、手套、靴子和宽边帽。故填The uniform had a long coat, gloves, boots and a wide-side hat.18．根据“At that time, doctors believed the plague was spread by bad air. So the doctors put medicine and flowers in the beaks of their masks. They believed this would remove the bad smell from air before breathing it, preventing them from being affected by the plague.”可知，因为医生们认为瘟疫是由空气污染传播的，故填Because doctors believed the plague was spread by bad air.19．根据“Some plague only spread through bites from fleas (跳蚤) and rodents (啮齿动物). The doctors’ uniforms did help protect them from this danger.”可知，有些瘟疫只能通过跳蚤和啮齿动物的叮咬传播。医生的制服确实有助于保护他们免受这种危险。所以此处的“this danger”指的是“一些通过跳蚤和啮齿动物的叮咬传播的瘟疫”，故填Some plague which spread through bites from fleas and rodents.20．本题是主观题，符合题意即可，故填I wore a face mask when going out and washed my hands after going back home.(答案不唯一，言之有理即可) E（2022·湖南长沙·长沙市长郡双语实验中学校考三模）阅读下面的短文，根据短文内容回答问题。When Chinese movie lovers watched Fantastic Beasts which came out on April 8th, they would see the phoenix(凤凰) and the qilin. These are the familiar mythological creatures(神奇动物) in their childhood.The qilin is a very rare creature that can hardly be seen in the wizarding(魔法) world, only found in East China. Wizards had long respected this creature for its ability to look into a person’s heart.The qilin is seen as a gentle creature in Chinese culture. Its head looks like a dragon and its body looks like a deer or horse. It can tell between good and evil and can even bring luck. In English, the qilin is sometimes called the “Chinese unicorn(独角兽)”. This may be because they are gentle and virtuous(正直的), like unicorns. In the west, this horse-like creature has one horn on its head. It is said that a unicorn’s horn or tears can treat serious injuries.There are other creatures appearing in both Chinese culture and western culture. In Chinese culture, the phoenix is very important. It stands for luck and is the “king of birds”. In the west, it is a symbol of immortality(不朽) and rebirth. Although they look alike, dragons in China and the west are very different beasts. The dragon is a respected creature in China, symbolizing good luck, while western dragons are always full of bad thoughts and bring dangers to the world.21．When did the movie Fantastic Beasts come out?_______________________________________________________________________________________22．Can qilin be found very often in the wizarding world?_______________________________________________________________________________________23．What does the qilin look like?_______________________________________________________________________________________24．Why is the qilin sometimes called the “Chinese unicorn” in English?_______________________________________________________________________________________25．How do people like the dragons in western countries?_______________________________________________________________________________________【答案】21．On April 8th.    22．No (, it can’t).    23．Its head looks like a dragon and its body looks like a deer or horse.    24．Because they are gentle and virtuous, like unicorns.    25．Western dragons are always full of bad thoughts and bring dangers to the world.【导语】本文主要介绍了神兽在中西方文化中代表的含义。21．根据“When Chinese movie lovers watched Fantastic Beasts which came out on April 8th”可知，是在4月8日上映的，故填On April 8th.22．根据“The qilin is a very rare creature that can hardly be seen in the wizarding(魔法) world, only found in East China”可知，麒麟是一种非常罕见的生物，在魔法世界很难看到，只有在中国发现，所以此处是否定回答，故填No (, it can’t).23．根据“Its head looks like a dragon and its body looks like a deer or horse”可知，它的头看起来像龙，身体看起来像鹿或马，故填Its head looks like a dragon and its body looks like a deer or horse.24．根据“In English, the qilin is sometimes called the “Chinese unicorn(独角兽)”. This may be because they are gentle and virtuous(正直的), like unicorns”可知，因为它们温柔和善，像独角兽，故填Because they are gentle and virtuous, like unicorns.25．根据“while western dragons are always full of bad thoughts and bring dangers to the world”可知，西方的龙总是充满坏的想法，给世界带来危险，故填Western dragons are always full of bad thoughts and bring dangers to the world.