【备考2023】中考英语重难点专题特训学案（全国通用）—— 20 感叹句 （原卷版+解析版）

专项四  复合句

重难点21 宾语从句

1.宾语从句的种类

宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。

1.1. 由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。

He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.

1.2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。

Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?

I don’t know why the train is late.

1.3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。if和whether在句中的意思是＂是否＂。

I want to know if (whether) he lives there.

2.宾语从句的语序

宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序，即按照主语、谓语的顺序。

2.1. 陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。

He is an honest boy. The teacher said. → The teacher said(that) he was an honest boy.

2.2. 一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，语序变为陈述语序。

Does he work hard? I wonder. → I wonder if/whether he works hard.

3. 宾语从句主句与从句时态一致的问题。

3.1. 如果主句是现在的某种时态（包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时），那么宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。

I remember he gave me a book yesterday.

He has told me that he’ll leave for New York tomorrow.

I don’t think (that) you are right.

3.2. 如果主句是过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时），那么宾语从句一定要用过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）。

He told me that he would take part in the high jump.

He asked what time it was.

He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.

3.3. 如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态。

Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.

方法技巧

4.宾语从句种类具体分述

4.1.that引导的宾语从句

that 是宾语从句的一个引导词，放在主句和从句之间。它引导的宾语从句由陈述句转化而来，故从句的语序不变。在that 引导的宾语从句中，that 作连接代词，无意义，在句中不作任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中通常可以省略。

4.1.1.that 引导的宾语从句的用法

4.1.1.1. 位置：that 引导的宾语从句通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）、介词或形容词之后。

①作及物动词，如：say，think，tell，know，hear，see，hope，wish，remember，forget等的宾语。如：　She says that she will help me learn English this evening. 她说今天晚上她会帮我学英语。

②作介词的宾语：连词that引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语，只用在except，but，in之后。如：

He is a good boy except that he is careless. 他是一个好男孩，只是有点儿粗心。

③作＂be + 形容词＂结构的宾语。某些形容词或过去分词后常接宾语从句，如：sure，glad，certain，pleased，sorry，happy，afraid等，连词that可省略。如：I’m happy (that) I passed the exam. 我很高兴我通过了考试。

4.1.1.2. 时态：主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词可根据具体情况选用适当的时态；主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，从句中也必须用过去的某种时态。试比较：

He says that he wants to see him as soon as possible. 他说他想尽快见到他。

He said that he wanted to see him as soon as possible. 他说他想尽快见到他。

【特别提醒】

当主句是一般过去时，而宾语从句的内容表示的是客观真理、事实、科学原理、自然现象、名言警句、格言、谚语等时，此时宾语从句用一般现在时，这些情况下不受主句时态的限制。如：

The teacher told us that the earth goes round the sun. 老师告诉我们地球围绕着太阳转。  

4.1.1.3. 引导词that可以省略的几种情况：

引导宾语从句的连词that通常可以省略：

She said (that) she would come to the meeting. 她说过要来开会的。

I promise you (that) I will be there. 我答应你我会去的。

【注意】有时为了强调，that引导的宾语从句可位于句首，此时that不可省略：

That she is a good girl I know. 她是一个好姑娘，我是知道的。

4.1.1.4. 引导词that不能省略的几种情况：

that在引导宾语从句时，并不是在任何情况下都可以省略，在以下几种情况下，that不能省略。

①从句的主语是that时，that不能省略；

We know that is an interesting film. 我们知道那是一部有趣的电影。

②and连接的两个表示陈述意义的宾语从句并列时，有时省去第一个从句的连词that，但第二个从句的连词that一般不可以省略。如：He told me (that) they could not decide what to do and that they asked my advice.

他告诉我他们决定不了去做什么并且问了我的意见。

③that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时，that不能省略。

如：I know nothing about him except that he is from the south. 对他我一无所知，只知道他是南方人。

4.1.1.5. 如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。

如：We thought it strange that Xiao Zhang did not come yesterday. 小张昨天没来，我们觉得很奇怪。

4.1.1.6. 宾语从句的否定转移。

在think，believe，suppose，expect等动词后的宾语从句，当主句的主语是第一人称时，谓语尽管是否定的意思，却不用否定形式，而将think等动词变为否定形式，英语称这种现象为否定转移。如：

①我认为今晚他不能来。

【误】I think he can’t come this evening.

【正】I don’t think he can come this evening.

②他认为我们现在不在教室里。

【误】He doesn’t think we are in the classroom now.

【正】He thinks we are not in the classroom now.

【特别警示】

含有＂否定转移＂现象的句子，主句的主语必须是第一人称，此时，变成反意疑问句，附加问句要由从句来决定；如果主句的主语是其他人称，附加问句要由主句来决定。如：

I don’t think he is right, is he? 我认为他不对，是吗？

He thinks I can come, doesn’t he? 他认为我能来，是不是？

4.1.1.7. 如果宾语从句中含有否定意义的副词或形容词。如：hardly，never，seldom，no，few，little等，其反意疑问句要用肯定形式。如：

We find that he seldom goes to visit his mother, does he?

我们发现他不常看望他的妈妈，是吗？

4.1.1.8. that引导的宾语从句变成被动语态时，只变主句，不变从句。实际上，我们经常把It is said that ...（据说……）；It is known that ...（众所周知……）；It is reported that ...（据报告……）等当作固定句式来运用。如：It is said that he is from Canada. 据说他来自加拿大。

4.2.疑问词引导的宾语从句

特殊疑问句作宾语从句时，由疑问词 when, who, what, where, whatever, how，which, why等引导。宾语从句的词序一律用陈述句的词序，即＂主语+谓语＂词序。

①带有系动词be（is，am，are，was,were)的特殊疑问句。

宾语从句＂how old Liz is＂是主句动词know的宾语。how在从句中作副词。注意从句的顺序，主语在动词前（Liz is)。

②带有（情态）助动词is/am/are/have/has/can/should等的特殊疑问句

When is Ann going to lran? 安什么时候去伊朗？

→ Do you know when Ann is going to lran? 你知道安什么时候去伊朗吗？

→ I don’t know when Ann is going to lran. 我不知道安什么时候去伊朗。

What should I do? 我该怎么办？

→ Can you tell me what I should do? 你能告诉我，我该怎么办吗？

→ Please tell me what I should do. 请告诉我，我该怎么办。

Where has Ron gone? 朗去了哪里？

→ Do you know where Ron has gone? 你知道朗去了哪里吗？

→ I don’t know where Ron has gone. 我不知道朗去了哪里。

③带有助动词do/does/did的特殊疑问句。

Where did I put my wedding ring? 我把我的结婚戒指放在哪里了？

→ Do you know where I put my wedding ring? 你知道我把我的结婚戒指放在哪里了吗？

→ I don’t remember where I put my wedding ring. 我不记得我把我的结婚戒指放在哪里了。

What does Sue think about Lulu? 苏对露露的看法是什么？

→ Do you know what Sue thinks about Lulu? 你知道苏对露露的看法是什么吗？

→ I know what Sue thinks about Lulu. 我知道苏对露露的看法是什么。

注意：

（1）由于宾语从句要求陈述句语序，故而在从句中它变成了陈述语序。请看下列两组句子：

How much does this coat cost? → I want to know how much this coat costs. 

Where did you go yesterday? → Please tell me where you went yesterday.

（2）当疑问代词what、who在特殊疑问句中作主语时，该特殊疑问句本身就是陈述句语序，所以当该句用来作宾语时，语序不需要调整。

What’s wrong with you? 怎么了？ → He asked the girl what was wrong with her.

What’s the matter? 怎么了？→ He asked the girl what was the matter.

What has happened to him?→ We want to know what has happened to him.

4.3.if/whether引导的宾语从句

当从句部分是一般疑问句或选择疑问句时，常用if或whether引导宾语从句，if/whether意为＂是否＂。说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。常用在see，ask，say，learn，tell，wonder，doubt，find out，be uncertain /doubtful / be not known 等后，二者通常可以互换。口语中多用if代替whether。在非正式的写作中，可以使用if 或 whether 两个词来表达不定性，两者都算标准。

I wonder if/whether he is a driver. 我想知道他是不是个司机。

Alice wants to know if/whether she has passed the exam. 爱丽丝想知道她是否考试及格了。

【拓展】

一般情况下，if和whether可互换，在口语中多用if， 而在以下几种情况下，只能用whether。

1. 与 or 连用分别引导两个从句时，或强调两方面的选择, 特别是句中有or not时用whether，不用if。

I don’t know whether or not they will come. 我不知道他们是否会来。

Let me know whether you can come or not.

2. 在动词不定式之前只能用whether。

He dosen’t know whether to go or not. 他不知道是否会去。

Please tell us whether to go there or stay here. 请告诉我们是去那里还是待在这里。

Whether to go or stay is still a question.

3. 在介词之后只能用whether引导宾语从句，而If则不能。

It depends on whether I have enough time. 那取决于我是否有足够的时间。

Success depends on whether we make enough effort. 

4. 宾语从句置于句首表示强调时，用whether，不用if。

Whether this is true, I can’t say. Whether he is single, I don’t know.

5. 在某些动词（如discuss，decide）之后，只能用whether，而不用if引导宾语从句。

We discussed whether we should close the shop. （虚拟语气）

6. 在引导否定概念宾语从句时，只能用if，而不用whether。

He asked me if I hadn’t finished my work.  

注意：doubt否定句用that引导。因为don’t  doubt 意为相信，不怀疑，if是否表示疑虑。

宾语从句是中考必考考点之一，主要考查的是时态及宾语从句的语序，有时也会考查宾语从句的引导词。考查的主要形式是单项填空、完形填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也会考查到宾语从句。因此学生要熟练掌握宾语从句的用法。

中考考查重点：

1. 引导宾语从句的连词和代词选择；

2. 宾语从句的语序；

3. 宾语从句的时态。

典例解析

1.— Do you know ____________?

—At 9:00 tomorrow morning.

A. when the video meeting began

B. when did the video meeting begin

C. when the video meeting will begin

D. when will the video meeting begin

【答案】C

【解析】——句意：你知道视频会议什么时候开始吗?——明天上午九点。考查宾语从句。问句是一个含宾语从句的复合句，宾语从句中从句语序应该为陈述句语序，因此排除B和D；根据答语“At 9 o'clock tomorrow morning.”可知询问的应该是将来的事，用一般将来时，选项A是一般过去时，故选C。

2.The policeman asked the little boy if ________ his home.

A. he could find B. could he find C. he can find

【答案】A

【解析】句意：警察问那个小男孩能否找到他的家。考查宾语从句。he could find他能找到，陈述语序；could he find他能找到，疑问语序；he can find他能找到，陈述语序。分析句子结构可知此处是if引导的宾语从句，宾语从句要用陈述语序，排除B，结合主句中“asked”可知主句用一般过去时，从句要用过去时态，排除C。故选A。

一、单项选择

1．（2022·云南昆明·统考中考真题）— Could you please tell me ________ when they meet for the first time in China?

— They usually shake hands.

A．what do people usually do B．what people usually do

C．where do people usually go D．where people usually go

2．（2022·湖北武汉·统考中考真题）—Can you tell me ________?

—To get practical skills.

A．what do you learn about safety B．when do you have the art festival

C．how you balance your studies and hobbies D．why you learn cooking at school

3．（2022·江苏宿迁·统考中考真题）—Jenny, do you know ________?

—Er, next Tuesday.

A．when the sports meeting will take place B．when will the sports meeting take place

C．where the sports meeting will take place D．where will the sports meeting take place

4．（2022·广西梧州·统考中考真题）—Mr.Brown, could you tell me ________ our Chinese exam?

—Sure. It will be in Room 201.

A．when will we have B．where will we have

C．when we will have D．where we will have

5．（2022·广西贵港·统考中考真题）— I wonder ________.

— I’m not sure. Maybe yes.

A．if has Dave got his driver’s license

B．how long has Dave got his driver’s license

C．if Dave has got his driver’s license

D．how long Dave has got his driver’s license

6．（2022·四川乐山·统考中考真题）—Hi, Jack. Do you know __________? I want to thank him or her in person.

—No, it was just left on the front desk.

A．who sent my wallet back

B．where did they find my wallet

C．how much money was in my wallet

7．（2022·湖南岳阳·统考中考真题）They wonder _______.

A．if robots will think like a human in 25 to 50 years

B．if will robots think like a human in 25 to 50 years

C．when robots will think like a human in 25 to 50 years

8．（2022·四川广元·统考中考真题）—The 2022 Winter Olympics was held in China. Do you know ______?

—Yes. In Beijing and Zhangjiakou.

A．when it was held B．when was it held C．which cities was it held in D．which cities it was held in

9．（2022·湖南怀化·统考中考真题）—Do you know _______?

—She is a teacher.

A．What is Linda’s job B．What Linda’s job is C．What was Linda’s job

10．（2022·江苏无锡·统考中考真题）— There will be a robot on show in our school next week.

— Really? I wonder ________.

A．what it likes B．what it is like C．what does it like D．what is it like

11．（2022·黑龙江牡丹江·统考中考真题）— I wonder ________ Dr. Li will be at work tomorrow, sir.

— I’m not sure. He is volunteering in a community.

A．how B．if C．why

12．（2022·江苏镇江·统考中考真题）SHENZHOU-14 was lifted off successfully! Could you tell me _______?

A．in which centre it will be lifted off

B．who entered China Space Station this time

C．what will it mean to the development of China

D．that three astronauts entered China Space Station

13．（2022·山东济南·统考中考真题）— Excuse me. I am new here. Can you tell me ________?

— Sure. Go straight and you will see it on your left.

A．where is the nearest cinema B．where was the nearest cinema

C．where the nearest cinema is D．where the nearest cinema was

14．（2022·湖北荆州·统考中考真题）— I am worried ________ I can enter a good high school or not.

— Work hard and trust in yourself.

A．why B．what C．whether D．where

15．（2022·山东滨州·统考中考真题）—Do you know ________?

—Yes. We should try to waste less but recycle more.

A．how can we live a green life B．how we can live a green life

C．why should we live a green life D．when we should live a green life

16．（2022·广西河池·统考中考真题）—David, could you tell me ________?

—He is tall and has short hair.

A．what our new P.E. teacher looks like

B．what our new P.E. teacher likes

C．where our new P.E. teacher comes from

D．when our new P.E. teacher was born

17．（2022·上海·模拟预测）— The table tennis match is so exciting. The opposite team is really strong.

— Yes, but I never doubt ________ our team will win.

A．if B．that C．whether D．why

18．（2022·上海·统考二模）My dad promised on his birthday that he ________ smoking in the near future.

A．will give up B．would give up C．gave up D．had given up

19．（2022·重庆·校联考一模）Her mother hopes ________ be a dancer in the future.

A．her to B．her can C．she can D．she to

20．（2022·江苏淮安·校考一模）—I am having some problems with my son. He seems to say no to ________ I say.

—It’s necessary for you two to have more communication.

A．whenever B．however C．whatever D．wherever

21．（2022·北京·模拟预测）There is no use to ask ________ fault it is. What we should do is to solve the problem.

A．who B．whose C．what D．which

22．（2022·山东菏泽·校联考一模）— I wonder ________.

— Their strong will and love for the country bring them courage.

A．why these medical workers risked their lives to fight the virus

B．what did these medical workers do for the whole country

C．if these volunteers were worried

D．what these volunteers helped with

23．（2022·辽宁盘锦·统考中考真题）He asked _________.

A．how was the weather today

B．where Grace rides a bike

C．when Wang Yaping returned to the earth

D．that Bryan played soccer well

24．（2022·四川达州·统考中考真题）— I wonder ________ late for school yesterday.

— Bad luck! I got up late and missed the bus.

A．how you were B．why were you C．how were you D．why you were

25．（2022·辽宁营口·校考模拟预测）We haven’t decided ________.

A．that we will repair our house B．when did we go to the party

C．where we went on vacation D．whether we will keep a pet

二、单词填空

26．（2022·浙江杭州·统考二模）I didn’t know w_________ baseball it is, so I just put it in the Lost and Found.

27．（2022·四川成都·模拟预测）Please reply before Friday and tell me w_______you can come to my party or not.

28．（2022·广西·统考二模）I will do ________ (无论什么) you wish.

29．（2022·江苏·统考二模）He acted so well that we ________ him for a real actor. (误以为)

30．（2022·湖南常德·统考中考真题）— Excuse me, could you please tell me ________ the band begins playing this afternoon?

— At three o’clock.

三、改写句子

31．（2022·上海·统考中考真题）“When will we go to the VR experience center?” I asked the tour guide.（改为间接引语）

I asked the tour guide _________ we _________ go to the VR experience centre.

32．（2022·黑龙江·统考中考真题）Has he finished his homework? Do you know? (改为宾语从句)

Do you know ________ he ________ finished his homework?

33．（2022·上海·模拟预测）“Have you finished reading the comic strips?” Lucy asked the students. (改为间接引语)

Lucy asked the students ________ they ________ finished reading the comic strips.

34．（2022·上海青浦·统考一模）The senior officer said to the soldiers, “Don’t fire without my permission.”（改为间接引语）

The senior officer ________ the soldiers ________ to fire without his permission.

35．（2022·上海静安·统考二模）“Do you often go to art exhibitions?” Tim asked Lucy. (改为间接引语)

Tim asked Lucy ________ she often ________  to art exhibitions.

四、汉译英

36．（2022·山东威海·中考真题）我发现我哥哥开车比以前小心多了。

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37．（2022·辽宁营口·校考模拟预测）我相信我们的祖国会越来越强大。

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38．（2022·江苏苏州·校考模拟预测）我认为你不应该和你的父母顶嘴。

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39．（2022·四川内江·模拟预测）许多人知道重庆是中国最大的城市之一。

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40．（2022·江苏扬州·校考二模）我很抱歉地得知您对这个机器人一点都不满意。

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