【备考2023】中考英语重难点专题特训学案（全国通用）—— 38 短文填空之自由填空 （原卷版+解析版）

专项五  中考题型

重难点39  短文填空之首字母填空

短文首字母填空题型满分技巧 

1. 跳过空格，不看选项，快速地阅读全文，从整体上感知全文，掌握大意，了解全篇的内容和要旨。

快速阅读时宁粗勿细，切忌只盯住一个句子仓促解题，这样势必因胸无全局而误入歧途。快速阅读时，还要注意找出关键词，这些词在文中起支撑骨架的功能，抓住了关键词就抓住了故事的线索。特别是要重视首句，善于以首句的时态、语气为立足点，理清文脉，推测全文时态、主题及大意。

2. 复读短文，确定语义，判断词形。

把握短文大意后再认真复读短文，利用上下文的语境，结合所学过的知识，先确定空格处所需词语的意义，再根据空格在句子中的位置，判断其在句中充当的成分，从而确定所填词的词性，再依据词语搭配和语法规则，判断所填词的正确形式。如短文难度较大，尤其是难于选词时，从本句的前后观察中一时尚不得要领，就要进一步扩大到上下文中分析。

3. 三读短文，上下参照，验证答案。

在短文的空白处分别填上一个词后，将完成的短文再细读一遍，上下参照，连贯思考。可从上下文内容是否协调一致、顺理成章，语法结构是否正确无误等进行综合验证，凡有疑问必须重新推敲考虑。

首字母填空是根据句意和已给出的首字母，在句子的空白处填上适当的单词，使句子意思完整，语法正确的一种题型。该题型既考查学生的单词记忆和拼写能力，又考查学生对句子的理解和运用能力。

典例解析

（2022·甘肃甘南·统考中考真题）根据短文内容和首字母提示，把所缺单词填写在后面的横线上。

Andy was born in China 15 years ago. In 2021, she m___1___ to the USA with her family. As a high school student she has found many differences b___2___  Chinese and Americans.

For example, many American parents think there is no n___3___ to send their children to an expensive school. H___4___ , it’s different in China. Many Chinese parents would do anything to send their children to expensive schools, a___5___ their family isn’t rich enough.

【短文大意】

本文主要介绍了中国和美国在教育上的差别。

【答案解析】

1．句意：2021年，她和家人搬到了美国。根据“she … to the USA with her family”及首字母可知，搬到了美国，move“搬”，结合时间状语In 2021可知，动词用过去式，故填(m)oved。

2．句意：作为一名高中生，她发现了中美之间的许多差异。根据“ Chinese and Americans”及首字母可知，此处用between…and表示“在……与……之间”，故填(b)etween。

3．句意：例如，许多美国父母认为没有必要把他们的孩子送到昂贵的学校。根据“there is no …to send their children to an expensive school”及首字母可知，此处用there is no need to do sth表示“没有必要做某事”，故填(n)eed。

4．句意：然而，这在中国是不同的。“many American parents think there is no …to send their children to an expensive school”与“Many Chinese parents would do anything to send their children to expensive schools”是转折关系，however“然而”，故填(H)owever。

5．句意：许多中国父母会不惜一切把孩子送到昂贵的学校，尽管他们的家庭并不富裕。“Many Chinese parents would do anything to send their children to expensive schools”与“their family isn’t rich enough”是让步关系，although引导让步状语从句，故填(a)lthough。

（2022·山东东营·统考中考真题）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容及首字母提示，在空白处填入一个适当的单词。

“Ugh, meat pie again? I h____1____ meat pie!” Matt shouted. “I won’t eat it!”

Matt’s mom and dad looked at each other. Matt’s angry outbursts (爆发) were always happening this month.

“ Matt, we’re going to let you take over (接管) dinnertime from now on,” Mom said.

“Well, we’re going to eat g___2___ food every night!” Matt answered happily.

The next day, Dad helped Matt make the meal plan. “We’re going to have chicken tonight, and spaghetti tomorrow, ” Matt started.

“Woah, wait a minute,” Dad said. “What else are we going to have with the chicken? We need to have at least one v___3___ with each meal.”

“We can have cabbage,” Matt said.

“Sophia does not like cabbage,” said Dad.

“Well, it’s my choice, s___4___ I’m going to cook it,” Matt replied.

“OK, but she might complain (抱怨) at dinner. Are you ready for that? ” Dad asked.

“Yeah, maybe,” Matt answered.

Almost every time Matt picked something out, his dad would tell him that someone wouldn’t like it. It was very frustrating (令人懊恼的).

“This is impossible!” Matt said angrily.

“Yes, it is hard. Everyone has d___5___ tastes, and sometimes, we just can’t please (使满意) everyone.”

“Fine, we’ll go with this plan this week. Next week I’ll try to make everyone happy,” replied Matt.

It was time for Matt to make his f___6___ meal, so his parents both came to help him. He hadn’t cooked before. It took almost an hour to make dinner. He was tired and hungry, but he was so proud of h___7___—he made dinner!

“Ew, this rice tastes strange,” Sophia said. Matt took a bite. It did taste a little strange. But he’d worked so hard! He felt like he might c___8___.

“I don’t like cabbage,” shouted Sophia. Matt realized then how his parents must feel every time he complained about dinner. It was impossible to make sure e___9___ liked every part of every meal!

“I’m sorry, Sophia. I’m sorry, Mom and Dad. I shouldn’t have shouted at you about dinner all the time. I don’t want to take over dinner anymore, I won’t complain,” Matt said.

“Thank you, Matt,” Mom and Dad said. Dad continued, “We’ll take back dinner responsibilities. You can offer some help if you like!” Matt felt a lot better. He happily finished his dinner and n____10____ complained about a meal again.

（2022·上海·统考中考真题）在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给出。

Which would you rather spend your money on, an outing with friends or a pair of expensive shoes? It is my opinion that spending money on experiences brings greater happiness.

My first r___11___ is that experiences make us different as we grow. We are not the result of the things we’ve bought. Instead, we are the result of everything we’ve seen and done. For example, getting expensive clothes didn’t c___12___ me as a person, but the camping trip last summer certainly did. It made me more independent.

In addition, I p___13___ experiences because they bring people together. Sharing a new experience develops stronger relationships and creates long-lasting memories. Three years ago I met some teenagers on a study trip and now I am s___14___ in touch with them, but I hardly remember what I bought during the trip.

My final point is that, although some people say it is a great j___15___ to own things, I think using the things you own is more pleasant. For example, I spend most of my spare money on new parts for my old mountain bike, but I love the experience of c___16___, not owning bike parts!

To sum up, experiences make us who we are and develop stronger relationships. So next time before you pay for something, give it some s___17___ thought. Ask yourself, “Which will I spend my money on, an outing or a pair of shoes?”

（2022·江苏盐城·统考中考真题）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使其意思完整。

I grew up in the countryside. At around 10 years old, I began to learn cooking. The first skill I mastered was making dough（面团）. Since my parents often came home l____18____, a prepared dough would help my family have supper sooner. I thought it would be e____19____ because I often saw my mum do it — just mix water and flour, right? Not quite! It turned out to be a m____20____ for a while. First I made the dough too soft. Then I made it too hard. But as I kept trying, I learned the trick.

Later, I cooked fried dishes and things like dumplings and I f____21____ in love with cooking. It’s a good way to relax. More importantly, thanks to my cooking skill, I live better d____22____ the COVID-19 pandemic. Now working at home, I cook every meal instead of ordering takeout. It s___23___ money and I don’t have to wait for delivery drivers to feed me.

Besides cooking, I did a lot of f____24____ work in my childhood. I got to know how to plant vegetables. T___25___ it was hard work, the experience taught me things that many of my friends still don’t know. For example, the part of a potato that has sprouts（芽）can be planted as a seed. I once discussed this with my friends from the city. They thought it was a p____26____ that they didn’t have the chance to learn these things in their lives.

Some might say we can learn these things from textbooks. But it can’t compare to the j____27____ of learning firsthand, watching plants blossom and grow. It brings a new way to look at the world.

（2022·江苏南通·统考中考真题）请认真阅读下面短文，并根据各题所给首字母的提示，写出一个合适的英语单词完整的、正确的形式，使短文通顺。

Eat Your Greens!

I have never been a fan of vegetables. But my best friend loves them. “Eat your greens!” he always says. So I decide to learn something more about them.

Plants are a very important part of our diet. Because of the c____28____ their leaves vegetables are often called “greens”. They p____29____ all kinds of nutrition(营养) that are very important for our bodies. For example, vitamin C gives us healthy skin, and calcium(钙) keeps our bones s____30____. Others help to keep our hearts, blood and muscles healthy Eating vegetables does not make us f____31____ because they are low in calories.

It’s said that there are over 80,000 different kinds of plants which can be eaten on Earth. However, 90 percent of the foods we eat c____32____ from just 30 plants. This is not because they are the most nutritious, but because they are the e____33____ to grow.

It is suggested to eat at least five different vegetables every day. It’s a good h____34____ to make vegetables a main part of each meal. However, some people think that vegetables are not so popular compared with meat, so when vegetables are served together with meat, they often c____35____meat instead of vegetables. Others think vegetables are cooked in an unskillful way, making them not d____36____.

In order to help me have a healthy diet, my friend gives me good a____37____ on how to cook tasty vegetables. I am on my way to a healthier lifestyle.

（2022·江苏镇江·统考中考真题）根据短文内容及所给首字母提示写出所缺单词，使短文意思完整，每空一词。

To many young Chinese people, Premier Zhou Enlai is known as a key founder of the New China. But f____38____ people know he once wrote a martial arts novel called Jin Guo Ying Xiong.

Recently, a Sina Weibo user m____39____ this novel written by Zhou more than a century ago. Many young people showed a strong i____40____ in it and their admiration for the early pioneers of China. Another user posted the first page of the novel which Zhou wrote at the a____41____ of 16. It was published under Zhou’s pseudonym(笔名) “Fei Fei” in a magazine beginning in October, 1914. However, the novel was never completed, but it can be found a____42____. The Early Works of Zhou Enlai were published by the Central Party Literature Press in 1998.

A____43____ many young people expressed the regret that Zhou did not go on with the novel, they said he played a more important role in China’s history. One wrote “The novel was stopped but Premier Zhou went on to s____44____ the Chinese nation out of danger!” Another added, “He gave up a novel, but he wrote a history of m____45____ China.” A 29-year-old computer engineer said, “The pioneers of China are spiritual leaders for me. Remembering them helped me build up the r____46____ values. When I face problems in life, I am always reminded not to f____47____ the lives of those pioneers. The difficulties I face now are nothing compared with what they experienced.”

（2022·江苏徐州·统考中考真题）根据短文内容及首字母提示，写出所缺单词，使短文完整、通顺。

When people meet strangers, they often have small talks. These talks are a good way for people to s____48____ hello. The talks cover many topics, such as weather, films, sports, TV shows o____49____ the latest news. But we should always keep it in mind that p____50____ subjects about money, age, and weight should be avoided. Besides, it’s better to ask open-ended questions. If you ask, “Do you like our city?” They may say s____51____, “Yes”. If you ask, “What do you think of our city?” They will have more freedom in answering. This type of question also shows that you are interested in them. If you seem interested in w____52____ people are saying, they will feel more comfortable talking with you.

（2022·江苏泰州·统考中考真题）根据短文内容及首字母提示，补全空格内单词，使短文完整、通顺（请在答题卡上写出完整单词）。

It was a beautiful fall day. I was out riding my bicycle. I guessed I rode over a hole in the road. All of a sudden, WHAM(砰)! I fell off my bicycle. My right side really h__53__!

My head hit the ground h__54__. I lay there for a few minutes. I tried to get up, b__55__ I failed! “There must be s__56__ wrong with me,” I thought. I felt so t__57__ that I had to still lie there. Then I saw b__58__ on my shoe. My hand and knee were bleeding.

As I lay there, I took off my helmet. There was a sharp rock sticking out of it. I looked at it in f__59__. Thank goodness I wore my helmet!

I shouted for help. At that time, a truck went by. The driver s__60__ his truck and came to help me. He put my bicycle in the back of his truck and drove me to the hospital.

When my mother got to the hospital, she gave me a big hug(拥抱). “I’m so glad you were wearing your helmet. The helmet saved your life,” she said. She knew I was c__61__ before and did not always wear my helmet. “Mum, it was not the helmet i__62__ that saved my life, but safety awareness did. I’ll ride my bicycle with great care later on!”

（2022·广东广州·统考中考真题）阅读短文，根据上下文和所给的首字母写出所缺单词。注意使用正确形式，每空限填一词。答卷时，要求写出完整单词。

Dunbuang is a historic city in Gansu. In ancient times, Dunhuang was an important c ___63___ of trade. As the Silk Road developed, Dunhuang became China’s western gateway to the world. Here, different cultures met and influenced each other. People from f ___64___ countries did business and communicated with the local people.

If you v ___65___ Dunhuang, you will be able to see the Mogao Caves（莫高窟）. If you walk i ___66___ , you will discover some of the wonderful artworks. There are over 45,000 square metres of beautiful paintings on the cave walls, as well as thousands of statues.

Over the years, China has made great efforts to protect the Mogao Caves. Today, you can also find high-quality photos of the artworks on the Internet. People all over the world now have a c ___67___ to see Dunhuang’s treasures online.

（2022·湖北武汉·统考中考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的单词，单词的第一个字母已给出。

Erie Green has always wondered about things that live in the ocean. When he was y____68____ , he loved to swim. He liked to watch all kinds of underwater animals and plants through his mask (潜水面罩). When he grew up, he wanted to l____69____ for new things in the ocean.

Today, Mr. Green is a marine ecologist (海洋生态学家). He studies how underwater animals and plants connect with each other and need each other to stay a____70____.

Mr. Green studies coral reefs (珊瑚) in the Pacific Ocean. A coral reef is like a big underwater t____71____. Thousands of animals and plants live there. They compete for food and space there. As a result, the beautiful coral reefs get i____72____ easily.

Mr. Green also studies how people’s actions can change coral reefs. Sometimes people pollute the water or overfish, so the w____73____ that all the living things are joined together has been changed. If coral reefs get hurt, many animals have to find new homes. Some animals’ n____74____ drop low, and some animals just disappear. Mr. Green wants to p____75____ this from happening.

Mr. Green believes that all living things in a coral reef should be k____76____ safe. “Underwater ecosystems are like airplanes,” Mr. Green says. “They need all of their parts to work correctly.” “To take better care of marine homes, we first must k____77____ them. Only through that, can we understand the great influence humans have on these places.” Mr. Green says.

（2022·天津·统考中考真题）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。

In the small villages of Kenya (肯尼亚), Africa, most kids want to read books. But no roads go to their homes, only miles and miles of sand. Cars and trucks are not useful, s____78____ library books arrive on the backs of camels. Camels can handle (应付) the sand and the books. Two camels, a camel driver, and a librarian (图书管理员) w____79____ to the villages together. One camel carries about 180 kilos of books, and the other carries a tent. At each village, the librarian sets up the tent and shows the b____80____ to the kids inside. Two weeks later, the camels c____81____ back with new books.

Some people in the mountains of northern Thailand (泰国) get books in a d____82____ way. Their “l____83____” are carried by elephants. These animals can handle the difficult journey. Because they are large, they can carry many books in metal cases (金属箱). The metal protects the books from the heavy rains that f____84____ in the area.

Indonesia (印度尼西亚) has its own difficulties. The country has over 17,000 islands. Most people t____85____ by boat and they also carry their books by boat. A library boat holds(容纳) about 500 books in boxes. Boxes of books are left in villages and are traded (交换) for new books a few weeks l____86____.

For people who live far and can’t get to a library, a library that comes to them brings more than books. It brings a whole w_____87_____ of information.

（2022·江苏扬州·统考中考真题）根据短文内容和首字母提示，在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整，完整地写出空缺处各单词的正确形式。（每空一词）

The Grand Canal（大运河）is a man-made waterway that runs north and south in eastern China. Dating back 2,500 years and stretching 1,794 kilometers, it is among the world’s oldest and l___88___ canals. Yangzhou China Grand Canal Museum is located on the bank of the ancient Grand Canal in Yangzhou, one of the eight c___89___ in Jiangsu province sitting along the Grand Canal.

The museum o___90___ its doors to the public on June 16,2021. It covers an area of some 80,000 square meters. It has two structures: a four-story building in the s___91___ of a giant ship waiting to set sail, and a 100-meter-tall Tang-Dynasty-style tower.

The museum has 11 themed exhibitions（展览）. They are telling the h___92___ of the Sui-Tang Grand Canal built during the Sui and Tang Dynasties（581-907）, the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal and the East Zhejiang Canal. These canals offer a wealth of historic and cultural attractions w___93___ they continue to be used for transport, irrigation（灌溉）and flood control. The 25.7-meter-long, 8-meter-high ancient Bian River section is c___94___ by many as the “treasure of the museum”.

So far, the museum has over 10,000 exhibits（展品）, including 20 groups of large ones, making it the best collection to show the grandness of the canal and h___95___ people changed nature.

Passing t___96___ the exhibition hall and into the antiquated（老式的）streets, visitors can see restaurants and shops along the street, as if walking in the water village on the canal during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.

Yangzhou China Grand Canal Museum is different from all the other m____97____ which are themed on the Grand Canal in China. Why not come and visit it yourself?

（2022·江苏连云港·统考中考真题）根据短文意思和首字母提示，写出一个完整正确的单词。

Erhu is one of the most important Chinese instruments. It has a history of o____98____ 1,000 years. It is said that Erhu did not get its name u____99____ the late Qing Dynasty. It has been improved gradually since it appeared. It is also c____100____ the Chinese violin because its tone is as soft and bright as the violin’s. There are many w____101____ pieces of music played by Erhu, such as The Moon Reflected on the Er-quan Spring. You can go and e____102____ the charm of them. I hope you’ll love them.

（2022·江苏南京·统考中考真题）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，并将答案填写在相应位置上。

Chuck Wall teaches management and human relations at Bakersfield College. He walked into class one day and told his students that their h___103___ was to perform one act of random (任意的) kindness. His students did not understand the assignment (任务), but the professor would not answer their questions. He e___104___ his students to find it out for themselves.

One week later, the students entered the classroom, excited to s___105___ their stories. One student told of distributing blankets to the homeless, another had contacted a long, lost friend, and another student r___106___ that he had helped a dog to find its owner. Students were energized (激励) by the homework assignment and wanted other people to be kind too. W___107___ the support of local businesses, the students made stickers to put on cars that invited people to do something k___108___ for others. They sold the stickers and decided to donate the money to a center for the blind—not surprising as Professor Wall is blind.

Since then, s___109___ kindness activities have been organized in schools all over the world. Many schools organize a Random Acts of Kindness Week, a___110___ November 13, to celebrate World Kindness Day. Some schools use each day of Random Acts of Kindness Week to perform d___111___ kind acts, such as making a new friend, helping someone, doing community service, or raising money for a charity. Students learn to c____112____ other people and think about how small actions can make the world a better place.