高中英语高考 2021届小题必练10 非谓语动词（二）教师版

2021届好教育小题必练

高考主要考查非谓语动词的作用和形式。在作用方面主要考查作定语、状语、补语时用不定式还是分词；作宾语时用不定式还是动名词；在形式方面主要考查用一般式还是完成式、主动式还是被动式、现在分词还是过去分词等。

【典例1】(2020·全国II卷) They represent the earth        (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.

【答案】coming

【解析】主句为they represent the earth and best wishes，可判断设空处为非谓语动词，且the earth与come back为主谓关系，可知此处需填现在分词，作the earth的宾语补足语，强调一段时间内正在进行的动作，故填coming。

【典例2】（2020·全国II卷）They make great gifts and you see them many times       (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.

【答案】decorated

【解析】主句为you see them，可判断设空处为非谓语动词，them代指前文orange trees，与decorate为动宾关系，可知应用过去分词，作后置定语，故填decorated。

【点拨】

(一)分词的句法功能

1．作状语

分词作状语时，其逻辑主语是句子的主语，一般在句中作时间、原因、结果、方式、条件、伴随、让步等状语。

Translated into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.

这个句子被译成英语后，发现它有一个完全不同的语序。(作时间状语)

Not knowing (＝Because he didn't know) how much longer he could last, Nicholas did the only thing he could — he huddled in his cave and slept.因为不知道还能维持(生存)多久，尼古拉斯只能做一件事——蜷缩在他的山洞里睡觉。(作原因状语)

Used (＝If it is used) with care, one tin will last for six weeks.

如果小心使用，一罐可以用六个星期。(作条件状语)

More highways have been built in China, making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.中国已经建成更多的高速公路，这让人们的出行变得更容易。(作结果状语)

2．作表语

表示事物的特征或性质时，表语用现在分词；表示人或物的内心感受时，表语用过去分词。

Please describe a dog that is frightening.请描述一只令人害怕的狗。

Please describe a dog that is frightened.请描述一只惊恐的狗。

3．作定语

(1)作定语的及物动词的分词形式为doing, being done和done。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用doing；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示分词动作正在进行时，用being done；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示分词动作已完成时，用done。

I have never seen a more moving film.我没看过比这个更令人感动的电影了。

The houses being built are for the teachers.正在建的房子是给老师的。

The broken glass is Tom's.这个打破了的杯子是汤姆的。

(2)作定语的不及物动词的分词形式为doing和done, doing表示正在进行；done表示已经完成。

boiling water正沸腾的水     boiled water开水

4．作宾语补足语

(1)感官动词或短语see, watch, observe, look at, listen to, notice及keep, find等词可跟分词作宾语补足语。现在分词作宾语补足语时，宾语与宾语补足语之间在逻辑上是主谓关系；过去分词作宾语补足语时，宾语与宾语补足语之间在逻辑上是动宾关系。

I saw him entering the bank. (him与enter之间为逻辑上的主谓关系)

我看见他正向银行里走。

I saw him operated on. (him与operate之间为逻辑上的动宾关系)

我看见(有人)给他做了手术。

(2)have, get后可接现在分词或过去分词作宾语补足语。

They had the fire burning all night. (burn动作一直在进行)

他们让火整夜烧着。

I will have my bike repaired tomorrow. (让别人去修)

明天我要让人修一下我的自行车。

(二)现在分词的时态和语态

Having finished his homework, he went to bed.完成作业后，他上床睡觉了。

The meeting being held now is of great importance. 现在正在开的会很重要。

注意：现在分词作定语与动名词的区别。

被修饰的名词与现在分词有逻辑上的主谓关系；动名词用来说明被修饰的名词的用途或类别。

   a sleeping boy (=a boy who is sleeping)

   a sleeping bag(=a bag for sleeping)

现在分词作表语与动名词的区别。

动名词作表语说明主语的内容，可与主语进行互换；现在分词作表语表示主语的性质和特征，相当于形容词作表语。

My job is teaching.= Teaching is my job.

The routine work can be very frustrating.

(三)独立主格结构

独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。在句中一般作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随状况等，也可以作定语。

1．名词/代词(主格)＋非谓语动词

Weather permitting, we shall play the match tomorrow.    (permit的逻辑主语是weather而非we)明天如果天气允许，我们就进行比赛。

He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard. (fix的逻辑主语是his eyes而非he)他上课专心听讲，眼睛紧盯着黑板。

Many trees to be planted, our newly­built school will look even more beautiful. (plant的逻辑主语是many trees而非our newly­built school)种上许多的树后，我们新建的学校看上去将更美。

2．名词/代词(主格)＋名词/形容词/副词/介词短语

The students were having a discussion, their faces (being) red with excitement.

学生们正在进行讨论，因为激动，他们的脸都红了。

The boy came in, book in hand.男孩走进来，手里拿着书。

[特别注意]　为使句子简洁、明快，独立主格结构中的冠词或代词也常省略。

(四)with/without＋宾语(名词/代词)＋宾语补足语

“with/without＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构在句中常作伴随状语和原因状语。

1．“with/without＋名词/代词＋现在分词”中的现在分词表主动且进行，或表特征。

The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park, with their pet dog following them.这对老夫妇经常晚饭后在公园散步，他们的宠物狗跟在后面。

2．“with/without＋名词/代词＋过去分词”中的过去分词表被动且完成，或表状态。

It was a pity that the great writer died with his works unfinished.真可惜，这位伟大的作家去世时，他的作品尚未完成。

3．“with/without＋名词/代词＋动词不定式”中的不定式表将来。

With the exception of using a small microwave oven to heat food, students are not permitted to cook in their rooms.

除了可以使用小型微波炉加热食物之外，学生们被禁止在他们的房间里做饭。

4．“with/without＋名词/代词＋形容词/副词/名词/介词短语”中的形容词等表宾语的性质或状态。

With production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.产量提高了60%，公司又度过了辉煌的一年。

1. They represent the earth        (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.

【答案】coming

【解析】主句为they represent the earth and best wishes，可判断设空处为非谓语动词，且the earth与come back为主谓关系，可知此处需填现在分词，作the earth的宾语补足语，强调一段时间内正在进行的动作，故填coming。

2. They make great gifts and you see them many times       (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.

【答案】decorated

【解析】主句为you see them，可判断设空处为非谓语动词，them代指前文orange trees，与decorate为动宾关系，可知应用过去分词，作后置定语，故填decorated。

3. And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds      (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.

【答案】surrounding

【解析】句意：当他看到雾气从河上升起，山顶上乌云环绕，他不禁流下了眼泪。分析句子结构可知，the soft clouds      (surround) the mountain tops是独立主格结构做状语，surround在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语clouds构成主动关系，故应用现在分词。故填surrounding。

4. When we got a call ______(say)she was short-listed, we thought it was a joke.

【答案】saying

【解析】根据其后所接的宾语从句可知，此处用现在分词形式saying作后置定语，解释名词call的内容，call与say是主动关系，故填saying。

5. When the moon had risen, we lay on the grass, listening to the wind        (whisper) in the trees.

【答案】whispering

【解析】句意：当月亮已经升起，我们躺在草地上，倾听风在树上低语。名词wind与whisper是主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。故填whispering。

6. The man ________(circulate) the fake news that 18 firefighters lost their lives in the explosion was arrested.

【答案】circulating

【解析】句意：传播18名火警在爆炸中丧生了的这条假消息的人被逮捕了。传播假消息与the man是主动关系，所以用现在分词作定语，故填circulating。

7. The little boy stared at the strange man questioningly, not ________(know) whether to believe what he had said.

【答案】knowing

【解析】句意：小男孩疑惑地盯着这个陌生人，不知道自己是否该相信他说的话。little boy与know之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动，用现在分词作伴随状语，故填knowing正确。

8. Facial recognition technology is working well at tourist attractions around China, ________(reduce) the time people spend standing in lines at entries or security check.

【答案】reducing

【解析】句意：人脸识别技术在中国各地的旅游景点运行良好，减少了人们在入口处或安检处排队的时间。此处是现在分词作结果状语，故答案为reducing。

9. Actors should be good observers, watching people’s body language and speaking style, ________(transmit) and this into their own abilities to progress in acting.

【答案】transmitting

【解析】句意：演员应该是很好的观察者，观察人们的肢体语言和说话风格，并将其转化为自己的能力，从而在表演上取得进步。此处句子主语Actors和transform之间是主动关系，是现在分词做伴随状语，与watching并列，故答案为transmitting。

10. I have examined all the documents _________(refer) to the matter.

【答案】referring

【解析】句意：我已经检查了与此事有关的所有文件。分析句子可知，设空出所填的词与后面的 to the matter作后置定语修饰名词documents，因为documents和refer之间是主动关系，故填refer的现在分词形式，故填referring。

11. With winter _________________ (approach), the squirrels got busy storing all kinds of nuts.

【答案】approaching

【解析】句意：随着冬天的临近，松鼠们忙着储藏各种坚果。此处为with的复合结构“with+宾语+宾补”，winter与approach为主动关系，故应用现在分词。故填approaching。

12. The company Adventure Technologies was found _________________ (lie) to the US government about the place of production of some surveillance and security equipment.

【答案】lying

【解析】分析句子可知，此处应用非谓语动词作主补，逻辑主语The company Adventure Technologies和lie（撒谎）之间是主动关系，应用现在分词。故填lying。

13. Based on the Chinese legend of Hua Mulan, the recently-filmed Disney production______(cast) Liu Yifei as its heroine, is expected to feature the original story told for thousands of years.

【答案】casting

【解析】句意：基于中国的花木兰传奇，最近由迪士尼拍摄的刘亦菲主演花木兰的电影，将以讲述了数千年的原始故事为特色。分析句子结构可知，句子的谓语为is expecteded,设空处在句中作非谓语，和逻辑主语film之间是逻辑的主动关系，故答案为casting。

14. Farmers _________ (suffer) from drought or floods would get more payments.

【答案】suffering

【解析】句意：遭受干旱或者洪灾的那些农民会得到更多的报酬。此空为farmers的后置定语，且农民与suffer为主动关系，所以应该用现在分词。故填suffering.。

15. Later, they learned to work with the seasons, planting at the right time and，in dry areas, __________ (make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields.

【答案】making

【解析】句意：后来，他们学会了因地制宜，在适当的时间播种，在干旱地区，利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子，make所处的分句中无主语，故此处需用非谓语动词。make use of和逻辑主语they之间表示“主动”关系。所以此处用现在分词形式（doing）形式做状语。故填making。

16. When the children are walking or __________(cycle) to school on dark mornings, car drivers can easily see them.

【答案】cycling

【解析】句意：当孩子们在黑暗的早晨步行或骑车上学时，汽车司机很容易看到它们。or连接两个并列成分，根据or前的walking可知，此处要用cycling。故填cycling。

17. Larger amounts of caffeine can cause a problem __________(call) caffeinism.

【答案】called

【解析】句中problem和动词call是被动关系，指这种问题被叫做caffeinism。此处用过去分词表被动，作problem的定语，故填called。

18. It is far better than any other method because you improve your vocabulary while _________ (read) an interesting piece of literature.

【答案】reading

【解析】句意：它比任何其他方法都要好，因为你在阅读一篇有趣的文学作品的同时提高了你的词汇。逻辑主语you与动词read为主动关系，故用现在分词reading作状语；也可视为状语从句while you are reading...的省略形式。故填reading。

19. Another nice thing is that you learn both new words and their use unconsciously, meaning that you will tend to use the words _________ (learn) this way in conversations almost automatically.

【答案】learnt/learned

【解析】句意：另一件好事是你无意识地学会了生词和它们的用法，这意味着你会倾向于用学到的词，这几乎是对话中自动使用的方式。learned / learnt作后置定语修饰words，表示“已学过的词”，words与learn是被动的关系，因此用过去分词。故填learned/learnt。

20. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid __________(look) directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel __________(challenge).

【答案】looking, challenged

【解析】句意：我迅速低下身子，低下头去避免直接去看他的眼睛以便他没有感觉到被挑战。动词avoid后接动名词作宾语，故填looking。句中feel是连系动词，根据语义采用challenge的过去分词形式作表语（含被动关系），故填challenged。

The 12th China Art Festival will bring a series of art 21     (activity) to the Chinese economic and art center, Shanghai. From May 20 to June 2, more than 50 shows 22.     (select) nationwide will be performed in nineteen major theaters in Shanghai, and a fine selection of creative cultural products will23.    (show) at the Shanghai Exhibition Center. The festival will include 24.     (vary) art forms, such as opera, dancing, painting and photography.

25.     2019 edition is co­organized by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism and the Shanghai municipal government（市政府）. Since 26.    (it) beginning in 1987, the festival 27.     (change) host cities in each edition, travelling to areas including Beijing, Sichuan, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Hubei over the past three decades.

Sales of tickets have opened online, with tickets priced from no cost 28.    380 yuan, according to the organizers. To allow a larger audience to access the programs, the festival will also be broadcast live online. “We will use new media to bring the shows to more ordinary people, 29.     will let them know about the modern development of Chinese art，” said Zhu Di, head of the ministry’s art department.

This year’s festival is also aimed at 30.     (promote) tourism in Shanghai with art. The local government has released a total of 40 culture­themed travel routes to guide visitors through Shanghai's well­known landmarks.

【答案】

21.activities　考查名词的单复数。a series of意为“一系列”，其后的名词要用复数形式，故填activities。

22.selected　考查非谓语动词。动词select与其逻辑主语more than 50 shows为动宾关系，故此处用过去分词作定语。

23.be shown　考查动词的语态。此处表示这些创意文化产品将在上海展览中心展出，主语与动词之间为被动关系，故用其被动语态，且其前有will，故填be shown。

24.various　考查词形转换。此处应用形容词修饰名词短语art forms，故填形容词various。

25.The　考查冠词。此处的“2019 edition”特指第一段第一句提到的“The 12th China Art Festival”，故填定冠词。

26.its　考查代词。该空修饰名词beginning，表示“它的开始”，故填形容词性物主代词its。

27.has changed　考查动词的时态。根据该句中的“Since”可知，此处表示从1987年开始到现在，应用现在完成时。故填has changed。

28.to　考查介词。根据语境可知，此处表示从免费到380元不等。from...to...“从……到……”。

29.which　考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，同时作从句的主语，先行词为the shows，故用which引导该从句。

30.promoting　考查非谓语动词。此处介词后面要用动名词作宾语，故填promoting。