高中英语高考 2021届小题必练13 阅读理解之细节理解题 学生版

    2021届好教育小题必练

(1)文章细节对于理解全文内容至关重要，同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。

(2)命题人员会要求考生根据不同的要求，阅读文章以获得某些特定的信息或准确地寻求所需的细节。

(3)这类试题有时比较直接，理解字面意思即可答题；有时则较为间接，需要归纳、概括和推理才能答题。细节理解题占阅读理解总题量的60%左右。

1.直接信息题

【典例】（2020·山东卷A篇节选）

50 Honorable Mentions: Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners, who will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earhart’s final flight.

What will each of the honorable mention winners get?

A. A plane ticket.

B. A book by Corinne Szabo.

C. A special T-shirt.

D. A photo of Amelia Earhart.

【答案】C

【解析】细节理解题。根据50 Honorable Mentions这一段“Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners, who will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earhart's final flight”，由此可知，纪念奖是送的T恤，故选C。

【点拨】第一步：依据题干信息，选择定位关键词

细节理解题直接信息题一般是对文章局部内容的考查，且题目相对简单，所以，不必通篇细读全文，可先通过题干信息来选择定位关键词。关键词主要是题干中的名词，动词和数词，即问题的核心信息。

第二步：依据关键词，回原文定位信息进行比对

确定了定位关键词后，运用略读及寻读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与题干有关的关键词，回到原文进行信息定位，然后将选项内容与原文信息比对，得出正确答案。

2.间接信息题

【典例】（2020·山东卷B篇节选）

Through it all, she remained in good academic standing and graduated with honors. Jennifer sacrificed (牺牲) to achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study. “Some nights my heart was breaking to have to pick between my kids and studying for exams or papers,” she says. However, her children have learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and an inspiration to her family—and that’s pretty powerful.

What did Jennifer sacrifice to achieve her goal?

　A. Her health.    B. Her time with family.

　C. Her reputation.   D. Her chance of promotion.

【答案】B

【解析】细节理解题。根据“ Jennifer sacrificed (牺牲) to achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study. ”，可知，主人公为了学业，不能陪伴孩子，故选B。

【点拨】间接信息题相比直接信息题，命题的隐蔽性更强，正确选项一般都会在原文基础上进行改造。此类题目需要考生将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换，有时还需要进一步的加工或整理。

3.数字计算题

【典例】（2020·山东卷A篇节选）

3 Grand Prizes: Trip to Washington, D.C. for each of three winners, a parent and one other person of the winner’s choice. Trip includes round-trip air tickets, hotel stay for two nights, and tours of the National Air and Space Museum and the office of National Geographic World.

How many people can each grand prize winner take on the free trip?

A. Two.  B. Three.  C. Four.  D. Six.

【答案】A

【解析】细节理解题。根据3 Grand Prizes中第一句 “Trip to Washington, D.C. for each of three winners, a parent and one other person of the winner's choice. ”可知，旅行可以携带两个人，故选A。

【点拨】数字计算题要求考生在原文中找到有关的数字信息，再对相关的信息和数字进行分析和理解，利用加、减、乘、除等运算方法进行计算，确定答案。

A

Essay Competition

The aim of this contest is to encourage great student writers and to give them a leg-up in their studies.

Prizes

One Grand Prize winner will receive: $1,000 in cash; the essay published in our magazine’s May 2021 issue; an interview with our magazine’s author.

Ten First Place winners will receive: $500 in cash; their names and essay titles listed in our magazine's May 2021 issue.

Fifty Honorable Mention winners will receive: a $ 50 gift card to our online shop.

Requirements

*The length of the essay should be between 500-700 words.

*Write an essay on the topic of: How Food Affects Our Mood.

*Please write about three reasons for believing in your thesis(论点)statement in the form of body paragraphs and back up your reasons with practical evidence from respected sources.

*Do not write about yourself and don’t explain why you deserve to win the prizes.

Deadlines

Early-Bird Deadline: May 4, 2020--Free for the entry.

Deadline: June 5, 2020--$ 5 for the entry.

Extended Deadline: July 22，2020--$ 10 for the entry.

1. What will One Grand Prize winners be rewarded with?

  A. Receiving $1500 in cash.

  B. Having their essay titles listed in the magazine.

  C. Receiving a gift card to the particular online shop.

  D. Gaining an opportunity to meet the magazine's author.

2. Which of the following meets the requirements?

  A. Writing an essay of more than 800 words.

  B. Submitting an essay about food nutrition.

  C. Expressing your strong desire to get the award.

  D. Supporting your reasons with credible evidence.

3. When can you submit your essay for free?

A. June 4, 2020.        B. May 25, 2020.   C. March 4, 2020.         D. July 25, 2020.

B

When 17-year-old Wolf Cukier accepted an internship (实习) at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, he expected to be challenged and gain insights into pursuing a career in physics. Instead, the high school junior attained worldwide fame for an achievement—finding a new planet!

The teenager was tasked with examining images of the changes in star brightness in search of evidence of planets outside our solar system. “I was pretty much spending my summer looking at data and images on a computer screen,” Cukier said. “About three days into my internship, I saw a signal from a system called TOI1338. At first, I thought it was a star eclipse (遮光) but the timing was wrong. It turned out to be a planet.”

And it was no ordinary planet either. Further research by Cukier and a team of scientists from Goddard revealed that TOI 1338 b, as it is now called, is a rare planet—a world orbiting two stars. Cukier, a fan of Star Wars, compares it to Tatooine in the movie. “It's very much like Tatooine, at least how the stars would appear in the sky. So, it would also have a double sunset.” The researchers, who showed their findings on January 6, 2020, believe that TOI 1338 b is about 6.9 times larger than the earth. It is also the only planet in the TOI 1338 system, which lies 1, 300 light-years away from the earth. The experts state that TOI 1338 b's two stars, which orbit each other every 15 days, vary in size.

Talking about his discovery, Cukier says it was both luck and “putting in the hard work” that led to his discovery. “Yes, what I did is impressive, but it also didn't take that many special skills. So, if someone is interested in science, like my age, and even if they don't have training, they should still just reach out to researchers and find something that they can do because almost anyone can look through data. It just happened to be me, who saw this one.”

As for his future, Cukier plans to study either physics or astrophysics in college. He hopes to attend Stanford, Princeton or MIT next autumn.

4. How did Wolf Cukier feel when he first saw the signal from TOI 1338 b?

A. He was overjoyed.

B. He was puzzled.

C. He was worried.

D. He was uninterested.

5. What is special about TOI 1338 b?

A. It was found by NASA scientists.

B. It circles around two stars.

C. It resembles Tatooine in the solar system.

D. It is about 6.9 times larger than the earth.

6. What does Wolf Cukier think leads to his discovery?

A. His affection for star wars movies.

B. Having an internship at NASA.

C. His luck and devotion.

D. His special skills and training.

7. Where does the text probably come from?

A. A movie review.

B. A physics paper.

C. A science fiction.

D. A newspaper report.

C

Deciding to get her money’s worth out of the wedding dress on which she spent over $1,000, an Australian woman has been wearing her wedding dress, a year after her wedding.

43-year-old Tammy Hall adopted a new lifestyle-anti-consumerism (反消费主义) lifestyle in 2016, after a trip to India opened her eyes to how much we as a society consumed. She decided not to buy any new clothes or footwear for a whole year after she returned home to Adelaide, in Southern Australia, and she managed to make it.

But last year, as her wedding day approached, she faced a dilemma. She wanted to look good on the most important day of her life, but how could she spend a small fortune on the wedding dress she would only wear on that day?

"In the end I decided that if I was going to get a wedding dress, I'd make sure I could get my money's worth," Hall tells PA Real Life.

"The first time I wore it after the wedding was to vote in the Australian election in early 2019," the 43-year-old adds. "Since then, it's been to all sorts of places. Wearing it on a crowded train was especially funny, but I've worn it to do housework, to football games and to the gym."

Hall says that she has gotten some strange looks from people, but no irritating（令人愤怒的） comments. It may have something to do with the fact that the dress is not the fanciest, but she believes people are just too reserved to say anything. Anyway, she doesn't really care, because she knows she has to hit the goal she has set and wearing the dress multiple times is the most reasonable way she could think of to make the most of her wedding dress.

Hall now plans to wear her wedding dress on a trip to Iceland that she and her partner will take next summer.

8. Why did Tammy Hall adopt a new lifestyle?

A. To adapt herself to Indian life. B. To cut down her consumption.

C. To save money for her next trip. D. To get prepared for her wedding.

9. What did Tammy Hall do to get her money's worth out of her wedding dress?

A. She brought fun to people with it. B. She tried to wear it to earn money.

C. She wore it repeatedly in daily life. D. She got it exchanged again and again.

10. What can we infer about Tammy Hall?

A. She is determined to turn her ideas into practice.

B. She values her wedding dress less than her trips.

C. She has been struggling to make the ends meet.

D. She has influenced people's lifestyle widely.

D

Poetry Contest

Poetry Contest Deadline: Monday, November 23, 2020

Sponsored by: Funom Makama

Contest Description

• 18 poems of the maximum 35 allowed to be entered have been entered.

•Carefully read the sample poem by visiting our website at www.cobuild.collins.co. uk.

• Take note of ALL the meters/patters/sequence used in the sample poem.

What to Submit?

An original poem on any theme and of any title, published not earlier than the 25th of October, 2020, this poem MUST follow all the meters /patters/ sequence you've keenly observed in the sample poem.

Beneath your poem should be the contest name, sponsor's name and date of publication.

Preparing Your Entry

Submit one copy of your poem online. Format your poem. Please make your entry easy to read --- no illustrations or fancy fonts(字体).

English Language

Poems should be in English. Poems translated from other languages are not qualified, unless you wrote both the original poem and the translation.

Note to Poetry Contestants

You are welcome to enter this contest, whether or not you won a prize in one of our previous contests.

GOOD LUCK!

11. How many poems have been entered for the contest so far?

A. 17 B.18 C. 35. D. 53.

12. What preparations should a contestant make for his/her entry?

A. Printing the poem on the paper.

B. Formatting the poem properly.

C. Adding illustrations beneath the poem.

D. Writing the poem with beautiful fonts.

13. What kind of poems is most likely to be entered for the contest?

A. A poem selected from a book

B. A poem published on October 24, 2020.

C. A poem written in French without its translation.

D. A poem written on your own with the given pattern.

A

【答案】D

【解析】细节理解题。根据“an interview with our magazine’s author”可知，特等奖将有和杂志主编见面的机会。故选D。

【答案】D

【解析】细节理解题。答案定位到“Requirements”部分,“Please write about three reasons for believing in your thesis(论点)statement in the form of body paragraphs and back up your reasons with practical evidence from respected sources.”请在文章主体部分，写出3个论据来支撑你的论点，论据要从可信度高的资料中获得，要是实用的证据。故选D。

【答案】C

【解析】细节理解题。答案定位到“Deadlines”部分，“Early-Bird Deadline: May 4, 2020--Free for the entry.”可知20202年5月4日以前是免费的，故选C。

B

【答案】B

【解析】细节理解题。把题干中的“How did Wolf Cukier feel”与第一、二段的内容进行匹配；从第二段中的“About three days into my internship, I saw a signal from a system called TOI 1338. At first, I thought it was a star eclipse but the timing was wrong. It turned out to be a planet.”可知，开始主人公以为是恒星的遮光，但与时间又不符。这说明Wolf Cukier在刚看到图像信息时是困惑的。故选B。

【答案】B

【解析】细节理解题。排除选项A，文本第一段表明是一位高中生在NASA实习时最早洞察到新行星的，而不是美国航天局的科学家；选择选项B，文本第三段中的“a rare planet—a world orbiting two stars”说明其特别之处；排除选项C，文本第二段中的“examining images of the changes in star brightness in search of evidence of planets outside our solar system”，说明新行星不属于太阳系；排除选项D，文本第三段中提到了行星的大小，但不是其特别之处。故选B。

【答案】C

【解析】细节理解题。由第四段中的“Cukier says it was both luck and‘putting in the hard work’ that led to his discovery”可知C项正确。故选C。

【答案】D

【解析】推理判断题。通读本短文内容可知，这是一篇“新闻报道”。A选项为“电影影评”，排除；B选项为“物理学论文”，排除；C选项为“科幻小说”，排除。故选D。

C

【答案】B

【解析】细节理解题。由题干关键词Tammy Hall和a new lifestyle可将答案定位到第二段。由第二段的句子可知，43岁的Tammy Hall接受了一种新的生活方式——反消费主义，因为此前一次印度之行让她看到了我们这个社会消费了多少东西，回到Adelaide后，她决定一整年不买任何新衣服或新鞋，说明她认为社会存在过度消费，所以接受反消费主义并缩减消费。故选B项。

【答案】C

【解析】细节理解题。由第四段和第五段可知，为了确保从婚纱中得到价值，婚礼后她穿婚纱去2019年初的澳大利亚大选中投票，从那以后，她穿婚纱去过各种各样的地方，在拥挤的火车，做家务、踢足球和健身；可知Tammy Hall在日常生活中穿婚纱。故选C项。

【答案】A

【解析】推理判断题。由第二段 “She decided not to buy any new clothes or footwear for a whole year after she returned home to Adelaide, in Southern Australia, and she managed to make it.”第四段 “In the end I decided that if I was going to get a wedding dress, I'd make sure I could get my money's worth”和倒数第二段 “Anyway, she doesn't really care, because she knows she has to hit the goal she has set and wearing the dress multiple times is the most reasonable way she could think of to make the most of her wedding dress.”推断出Tammy Hall是一个能把想法付诸实践的人。故选A项。

D

【答案】B

【解析】细节理解题。根据“18 poems of the maximum 35 allowed to be entered have been entered.” 最多可以有35首参赛诗，目前有18首参赛。故选B。

【答案】B

【解析】细节理解题。答案定位到“Preparing Your Entry”， 根据”Submit one copy of your poem online. Format your poem. Please make your entry easy to read --- no illustrations or fancy fonts(字体).”可知，要将你的诗歌的副本上传到网上。诗歌要排版，参赛作品要简洁，不要有插图和字体。故选B。

【答案】D

【解析】细节理解题。根据“An original poem on any theme and of any title, published not earlier than the 25th of October, 2020.诗歌需要原创并且不能于2020年10月25日之前发表，故A、B选项错误；根据“Poems should be in English. Poems translated from other languages are not qualified.”诗歌必须是英文，翻译成别的语言没有参赛资格，故C选项错误。D选项：符合给定格式的原创诗歌，是可以参赛的。故选D。

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