高中英语高考 2021届小题必练17 七选五之细节线索题 学生版

    2021届好教育小题必练

细节线索题要求考生更加注重文章中的细节，比如某个关键的单词或数字等。解答这类试题经常用到的方法有：词汇复现法、词汇同现法、代词线索法、逻辑关系线索法等。

1. 词汇复现法

【典例】(2020·全国1卷七选五节选)

Now that you’ve listed your strengths, list your imperfections. Turn the page in your journal. Put into words why you feel unworthy, why you don’t feel good enough. Now, read these words back to yourself. ___40___ Turn to a page in your journal to your list of strengths and achievements. See how awesome you are?

A. Feeling upset again?

B. Where do you start?

C. Nothing is too small to celebrate.

D. Remember, you are only human.

E. Set an intention for self-acceptance.

F. Stop comparing yourself with others.

G. When does the comparison game start?

【答案】A

【解析】上文feel unworthy, don't feel good enough和feeling upset表达的意思相近，都是负面的感受，故选A项。

【点拨】复现法是保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段，即在文章中不同的位置对同一个概念进行重复描述，从而使得同样的意思在文章中不同的地方重复出现。复现的形式主要包括原词复现、同(近)义词复现、反义词复现等。考生可利用文章的这一特点，在解题时注意选项中出现的与正文意思相同、相近或相反的词。

2. 词汇同现法

【典例】（2020·山东卷七选五节选）

Your goal is not to be a perfect public speaker.___19___And like everything else in life, that takes practice. Remember, even world champion athletes practice their skills on a consistent basis.

A. Do the opposite.

B. You want to be an effective public speaker.

C. You don’ t need to apologize for a minor slip.

D. When it comes to public speaking, less is usually more.

E. The objective of most speeches is to benefit the audience

F. Take the fear out of public speaking by focusing on your listeners

G. However, the majority of people are effective speakers because they train to be.

【答案】B

【解析】本段是说明练习的重要性。上句提到你的目标不是成为一个完美的演说家，下句应该说明目标是什么。B. You want to be an effective public speaker.与上句衔接，是我们演讲的真正目的。故选B。

【点拨】词汇同现是指属于同一词汇范畴或者某一领域的词汇在文章中同时出现，达到语意衔接的目的。一般来说，上下文中词汇的范畴越小，上下文的衔接关系越紧密。

3. 代词线索法

【典例】（2020·浙江卷七选五节选）

I experienced years of loneliness as a child. ___31___ His friends teased him about babysitting his sister and his interests were far different from mine. With no other kids of my age in the neighborhood, I had to spend hours by myself.

A. I wasn't alone any longer.

B. I enjoyed reading stories aloud.

C. I was invited to play with another kid.

D. I loved the colorful photographs in the books.

E. Another habit I formed early was being outdoors.

F. Thus, I began my lifelong interest in making things.

G. My older brother couldn’t be bothered to play with me.

【答案】G

【解析】设空在段中，应是承前启后句。根据后文“His friends teased him about babysitting his sister and his interests were far different from mine”可知，设空句应提及“his”的身份，即G项中的“My elder brother”，且G项“我哥哥懒得和我一起玩”在此起到了承上启下的作用。故选G项。故选G项。

【点拨】英语文章中代词出现的频率极高，代词一般用来指代前面提及的名词，考生如果能巧妙地利用这样的指代关系或根据代词的单复数就可以准确而快速地解题。

A

Self-improvement is universal to the human experience. 1.________ Perhaps you want to lose weight, improve your skills in a certain area, be more comfortable socially, be happier, or be more productive. Whatever the ultimate improvement desired is in order to achieve it, you may benefit from identifying your specific goals, making changes, and dealing with setbacks.

2.________ Thinking about future positive and negative possibilities enhances (增强)motivation, expectation of successful goal completion, and commitment to self-improvement. Thinking about a positive future helps you imagine a reality of where you are the best self you can be, while imagining a negative reality results in an awareness of what might happen if you do not meet your improvement goals.

Determine what needs improvement and what doesn’t. It is important to be specific in your goals, and to know which goals are a top priority.

Identify your assets (honest, hard-working, loving, etc.) and your liabilities (惹麻烦的事) (angry, overweight, etc.).3.____ ____

Prioritize your list of goals. Rate each goal from 1 - 10, 10 being the highest priority for you. Focus on this goal first.

Get feedback. 4.________ Thus, asking others, ways you can improve will help you develop specific goals and motivate you on your journey.

Make smart goals. 5.________ For example, your goal could be to lose 20 pounds (specific, measurable, attainable) in 3 months (realistic, time-bound).

Seek out information on how to pursue that change, information can be gathered from books, articles, friends, families, and professionals. It is amazing how much information you will find when you are ready.

A. It’s important to change ourselves.

B. Imagine what it could be like in the future.

C. We all have things we’d like to change about ourselves.

D. Smart goals are specific, measurable, attainable, and realistic.

E. This may help you identify where you can make the most improvement.

F. What you wanted to improve yourself happened in the mid-night somehow.

G. Reflecting what to improve helps individuals’ performance, and enhances goal-achievement.

B

An endangered species is a group of animals that could soon become extinct.6.       Many species are nearly extinct and could disappear off the face of the earth very soon if we don’t do anything to save them. There are many reasons why species become endangered.

Habitat destruction is the main reason why animals become endangered and this happens in two ways. When humans move into a new area, the animals’ habitat is destroyed and there is nowhere for them to live and nothing to eat because humans chop down trees and build houses and farms.7.        Chemicals in rivers and poisons on farms cause the destruction of animals’ homes and food supplies.

  8.       Animals have been brought to the edge of extinction because they are killed for their highly-valued meat, fur, bones or skin, or just for sport. Overfishing has resulted in many large sea creatures like whales and sharks becoming endangered species.

So what can individuals and governments do to protect endangered species? We should take care not to pollute natural areas, and farmers or companies who destroy animal habitats should face severe financial penalties.9.        Governments can help, too, by making it against the law to hunt, fish or trade in endangered species.10.        

A. Animal habitats are also destroyed because of pollution.

B. Endangered species are also the result of hunting and fishing.

C. Eventually, all the creatures on Earth will enjoy being together.

D. Recent changes, however, have helped to improve the situation.

E. The public can help out by refusing to buy any products made from these animals’ body parts.

F. Extinction happens when the last of the species has died out and there will be no more.

G. If we all cooperate and take these steps, we will protect these animals for future generations.

C

When planning for a new job, many people will go through a job interview. 11._____   Fear of the unknown, fear of public rejection and fear of personal criticism all come together in one meeting. So how should you prepare for a job interview? It's often a combination of careful research, psychology and an ability to think on your feet.

One way is to do a great deal of research, like finding the requirements of the job, the company's product lines, the industry's standard salary for the position, the interviewer, etc. When doing research, don't forget to learn about whether you have unique qualifications for the position. 12.______Thus, prepare your unique aspects which will make you stand out among interviewees ahead of time.

13.______   Do you express your ideas clearly? Do you actively listen to others? How you perform in the interview will leave a deep impression on the interviewers.

Some job seekers prepare for a job interview by conducting their own mock(模拟的） interviews. A trusted friend or even a professional job coach can act as an interviewer, asking many of the same questions a real interviewer might ask. In view of your performance, these people may be able to point out your trouble spots. 14.___ ___

There're also numerous resources job seekers can use to prepare for a job interview. 15.______Many cities also have programs helping first-time workers find jobs. They may offer classes on how to prepare for a job interview or provide job coaches who can conduct mock interviews.

A. You should consider how to be qualified.

B. Self-help books may be available at public libraries.

C. Another way is to work on your outward appearance.

D. It can be one of the most stressful events in a person's life.

E. Then, you can improve yourself by overcoming your weaknesses.

F. Observing how you communicate with others is equally important.

G. An interviewer's job is to recommend the best qualified applicants.

A

【答案】1-5 CBEGD

【解析】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了如何自我提升的几点建议。

1.空前提到自我提升是人们普遍都有过的经历，空后列举了一些可能要提升的方面。C. We all have things we’d like to change about ourselves.我们每个人都有要改变的地方。起到承前启后的作用，并且选项中的“change about ourselves”和前句中的“Self-improvement”表述相一致。故选C。

2.后文中的“Thinking about future positive”（积极地思考未来）暗示了此处说的是关于未来方面的内容，B选项“Imagine what it could be like in the future”与后文中的“Thinking about future”相一致。故选B。

3.空前说确定你的资产（诚实、勤奋、有爱心等）和你的负债（愤怒、超重等），此处总结上文，说的是这样做的好处，E选项中的“This”指代前面所采取的措施。故选E（这可能有助于你确定哪些方面可以做出最大的改进）。

4.根据空前的“Get feedback”（得到反馈）可知，此处承接上文，说的是收到应该怎么改进的信息反馈有助于改变个人的表现、增强成就感。G选项中的“improve”、“goal-achievement”与后文中的“improve”、“specific goals”相一致。故选G（反思需要改进的内容有助于个人的绩效，提高目标的实现）。

5.根据空前的“smart goals”和空后的“specific，measurable，attainable，realistic”可知，此处说的是聪明的目标的具体特征，故选D（聪明的目标应当是具体的、可量化的、可实现的、现实的）。

B

【答案】6-10 FABEG

【解析】

6.空前一句提到濒临灭绝物种的定义，空后提到如果我们不采取行动保护他们，许多物种会灭绝。空前和空后都提到extinct，F项中提到灭绝（extinction）产生的条件，故选F。

7.空前主要讲述动物的栖息地遭到破坏，表现在两个方面，第一个方面是由于人类每到新的地方就砍树建房子种田；空后提到河里的化学品，庄稼的农药这些污染物破坏了动物的家园和食物，这些都是污染的范畴，是第二个方面，故选A。

8.根据后文killed for their highly-valued meat, fur, bones or skin, or just for sport和Overfishing可知，动物濒临灭绝的其他原因，就是捕猎和过度捕鱼。故选B。

9.本段主要说明政府和个人如何保护濒临灭绝的动物，空后提到政府的做法，本空填个人（公众）的做法，更能衔接前后文。故选E。

10.空格设在最后一句，起到总结的作用。G项these steps指代前面提到的一系列保护动物的方式。故选G。

C

【答案】11-15 DGFEB

【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章为准备面试的人介绍了几种方法。

11.空前一句提到“当计划找一份新工作时，很多人都会经历面试”，此空设于段中，与上文存在指代关系，结合空后“对未知的害怕，对大众拒绝的害怕和对个人批评的害怕都在面试中体现”，由此可知，面试是让人害怕，有压力的事情，所以D项“在一个人的生活中，它可能是最有压力的事情之一”切题，该项中的It指代上文的job interview。故选D项。

12.空前提到做研究时，不要忘记了解你是否具备与某个职位相关的特殊资质，根据空后“所以，准备你特殊的方面，这会让你在众多面试者中提前脱颖而出”，所以此空与上下文存在因果关系，G项“面试官的工作就是推荐最适合的申请者”解释了为什么要了解自己是否具备与某个职位相关的特殊资质，符合上下文逻辑关系，故选G项。

13.此空设于段首，是本段的主题句，根据本段后面内容express your ideas clearly及actively listen to others可知，本段是讲述沟通的重要性，F项“观察你如何与别人沟通也同样重要”切题，故选F项。

14.此空设于段尾，与上文存在顺承关系。空前一句提到，模拟面试中，他人可能会指出你的缺陷，然后，你就能克服自己的缺点，提升自己。E项中“your weaknesses”与空前“your trouble spots”呼应，故选E项。

15.根据本段首句“有大量供找工作的人可以使用的资源来让他们准备面试”可知，接下来应该具体讲述帮助人们准备面试的资源，B项“在公共图书馆或许能找到自学的书”与空后“很多城市也有帮助第一次找工作的人的项目”并列，都是讲具体的帮助面试的资源。故选B项。

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