高中英语高考 2021届小题必练19 七选五之主旨概括题 学生版

    2021届好教育小题必练

主旨概括题主要考查考生对文章或段落进行概括的能力，它要求考生在阅读文章时，能够提炼其中心思想，体会作者的写作意图，充分运用概括能力提取文章的主题、观点以及作者的情感态度。这类题通常从两个方面设题：①概括文章或段落的主题句或结论性语句；②段落标题。

【典例】(2020·新课标Ⅰ节选)

●___37___ Do not follow the people who make you feel not-good-enough. Why do you follow them? Are you hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs? Know that your life is your own;you are the only you in this world.

A. Feeling upset again?

B. Where do you start?

C. Nothing is too small to celebrate.

D. Remember, you are only human.

E. Set an intention for self-acceptance.

F. Stop comparing yourself with others.

G. When does the comparison game start?

【答案】F

【解析】本段主要讲述不要把自己和别人作比较，因为生活是我们自己的，我们也是世界上独一无二的。故F. Stop comparing yourself with others.(停止把自己和别人进行比较。)可以作为本段中心句，故选F项。

A

How do you react to challenges? Do you run and hide, or do you face them with your head held high? Having confidence in yourself can give you power to face challenges and succeed in the following two aspects of life.

1．  

Everyone knows that looking confident during a job interview will help you get the job. Confidence actually can help you in your career. In other words, if you think you’ll succeed in your workplace, it’s more likely that you will succeed one day.

Social skills

Being sure of yourself can also make you feel calm when meeting new people. You’ll be less afraid of rejection, so you’ll be free to be yourself. 2．   . Your nice image will make them more willing to interact with you.

But how to develop your confidence?

● 3．   . Make a list of your strengths and weaknesses. Being confident doesn’t mean you have to be blind to problems you have. But you want balance. Be sure to think of a strength for every weakness you write down.

● Set goals. Make some goals for your daily tasks. If you could accomplish anything in life, what would it be? Think big but also think smal1. 4．   . Some of your goals can involve improving the weaknesses you listed. Then you’ll have one reason fewer to doubt yourself.

● Look your best. Taking a little time to make yourself look good will help you have a positive attitude.

● Stand up straight, smile and look people in the eye. 5．   .

Having confidence in yourself takes some effort, but it brings great benefits.

A. Know yourself

B. Professional performance

C. It’s difficult to build up confidence

D. That makes it easier to make a good impression

E. Write down the problems you often come across in school life

F. Even getting something small done will give you confidence to achieve more goals

G. Act confidently, it won’t be long before your feelings follow the three kinds of behaviors

B

Steps to write a good essay

If you ask many people, they will probably say that writing a research paper is challenging. 6.______

Firstly, choose a topic that you are interested in or a topic you are curious about, which will motivate you to do the necessary research on it. Meanwhile, for helpful and reliable sources of information, the library is the best resource. Use books, published articles, journals, newspapers and magazines to research your chosen topic.

7.______ Color code them by topic, and use different-colored highlighters to mark the details so you can find each topic easily. Every time you note something down, write the bibliographical information, including the author, the book title, page numbers used, volume number, publisher's name and date of publication.

After in-depth research, you can go on to write an outline. With all the notes and important information you've gathered, determine where each topic fits.8. ______

Finishing the outline, you can begin the first draft.9. ______ You can do more research if you feel like you're lacking information. This is only the first draft, so you can still make changes as you go on.

Once you reread your first draft over and over and make the necessary changes you feel you should make, it is time to write your final draft. Make sure that all the vital information is included and that your writing makes sense and has a steady and natural flow all throughout.10. ______ At last, read the final version as many times as you want and even ask a friend or professor to read it too.

A. Then, do the research.

B. Next, be organized with your notes.

C. Simply note which parts will be the beginning, middle and end.

D. Once the question has been answered, you can begin constructing your essay.

E. Indeed, it requires thorough research and needs a few basic tips for it to be less challenging.

F. This is the part where you put more details into the paper so people can read it and actually understand it.

G. Check the spelling and grammatical errors, and every source you used is listed in the paper's bibliography.

D

Running is a great way to get in shape and just about everyone can do it. Given that it's so easy to take up the sport, a lot of beginners jump right into running without actually knowing what it takes to establish a healthy routine.

___11___. If you are just starting out, avoid the following things to help you increase your chances of running success.

Doing too much too soon

One of the biggest mistakes beginners make is doing too much too soon. Picking up a new hobby like running is no doubt exciting. Runners need to ease into the sport before increasing the distance.___12___.

___13___

Beginners might think they need to run nearly every day to meet their fitness or weight-loss goals, but this couldn't be further from the truth.___14___, especially for beginners whose muscles and bones haven’t yet been conditioned for such intense (剧烈的) exercise. So it's important to give your body ample rest between workouts. Follow a training plan that includes rest days.

Comparing yourself to others

___15___, You’re excited about running, so you are probably reading running blogs, magazines and message boards where you might start to feel inadequate about your own running pace. Instead of getting down on yourself，remember that every runner was once a beginner and use their success as motivation!

A. Not running every day

B  Not taking rest days

C. Running is a demanding activity which can be really hard on your body

D. As mentioned, a healthy routine is what they attach importance to

E. When starting out with running, it's tough not to compare yourself to others

F. Many make a number of common mistakes, which can interfere (干扰) with training or lead to injury

G. It will help reduce the risk of injury, so you can continue with your new running routine

A

【答案】1-5 BDAFG

【解析】本文是说明文。文章就如何面对挑战这一话题，给出了三个方面的建议。

1．根据下文中的关键词“a job interview”；“workplace”可知，B项“职业表现”能更好地起到总结作用。故选B。

2．D项中的“that”指代上文中的“You’ll be less afraid of rejection, so you’ll be free to be yourself”，且其中“good impression”与下文中的关键词汇“nice image”的意思接近。故选D。

3．该空位于段落开头，是主题句。根据下文内容“列出你的优点和缺点。自信并不意味着你必须对自己的问题视而不见。但你需要平衡。一定要为你写下的每一个弱点想一个优点。”本段主要围绕了解自己的优点和缺点展开阐述，由此可知，A项Know yourself（了解自己）切题。故选A。

4．F项“即使是完成一件小事也会给你实现更多目标的信心”更好地承接上文“要想大事，也要想小事”。故选F。

5．G项中的“three kinds of behaviors”正好概括上文中的“Stand up straight, smile and look people in the eye（站直，微笑，看着别人的眼睛）”这三种自信的行为。故选G。

B

【答案】6-10 EBCFG

【解析】这是一篇说明文。写研究论文很有挑战性，文章主要说明了写一篇好论文的步骤。

6.结合后文主要介绍了书写论文的步骤，可推知，本句为肯定上文的说法，说明写研究论文的确具有挑战性，以及分析具有挑战性的原形。上文中challenging可对应到E选项中challenging。故E选项“的确，它需要深入的研究和需要一些基本的技巧来降低它的挑战性”符合语境，故选E。

7.本句为本段主旨句，后文主要说明了如何整理笔记，且后文中note something down可对应到B选项中your notes。故B选项“其次，整理好你的笔记”符合语境，故选B。

8.本句为本段最后一句，应承接上文说明编写大纲的步骤，且上文提到了确定每个主题适合的位置，且论文包括开头、中间和结尾，故C选项“简单地记下哪些部分是开头，中间和结尾即可”符合语境，故选C。

9.本句属于过渡句，承接上文说明初稿的意义和目的，上文the first draft可对应到F选项中This is the part。故F选项“这是你在论文中加入更多细节的部分，以便人们可以阅读并真正理解它”符合语境，故选F。

10.本句应当承接上文继续说明写终稿的注意事项，故G选项“检查拼写和语法错误，并且你使用的每一个来源都列在论文的参考书目中”符合语境，故选G。

C

【答案】11-15 FGBCE

【解析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了对于刚开始跑步的人，要避免哪些事项来提高成功的机会。

11.上文提到的跑步是一项很容易参与的运动，所以许多跑步初学者并没有形成一套健康的跑步方式。引出下文Many make a number of common mistakes, which can interfere (干扰) with training or lead to injury. 许多人会犯很多常见的错误，这些错误会干扰训练或造成伤害。故选F项。

12.根据上文Runners need to ease into the sport before increasing the distance.可知跑步者需要在增加跑步距离之前进行放松运动。承接下文，G项（它有助于降低受伤风险，因此你可以继续新的跑步日常）切题。G项it指的是前面整个句子，对前面的句子做出了进一步的解释。故选G项。

13.根据本段Beginners might think they need to run nearly every day to meet their fitness or weight-loss goals, but this couldn't be further from the truth.和Follow a training plan that includes rest days.可知初学者可能会认为他们几乎每天都要跑步以达到他们的健身或减肥目标，但这不可能是事实。要在训练计划中安排休息。所以这段要讲的误区就是坚持跑步而不休息，B项（没有休息日）符合，是本段的主旨句。故选B项。

14.根据后文especially for beginners whose muscles and bones haven't yet been conditioned for such intense exercise.可知特别是对那些肌肉和骨骼不适合如此剧烈的运动的初跑者，此处是想表达跑步是一项有难度的运动，连接下文，C项（跑步是一项要求很高的运动，对你的身体来说可以真的很难）切题，故选C项。

15.根据小标题Comparing yourself to others可知跑步的一个误区就是拿自己和别人比较，E项（刚开始跑步的时候，不拿自己和别人比较很难做到）符合语境，故选E项。

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