【专项练习】全套专题小学英语知识归纳总结第九章 方位的表达方式

这是一份【专项练习】全套专题小学英语知识归纳总结第九章 方位的表达方式，共5页。试卷主要包含了介词规则，动词规则等内容，欢迎下载使用。
小学英语知识归纳总结目    录第一章      词汇分类集中复习....... .............................. .........................................................2第二章      常用短语汇总........................................................................................................5第一节  动词短语.................................................................................................................5第二节  介词短语.................................................................................................................6第三节  特殊疑问词.............................................................................................................7第四节  缩写词.....................................................................................................................7第五节  时间词和短语.........................................................................................................7第六节  常见介词.................................................................................................................8第七节  时间介词at、on、in的用法.....................................................................................8第三章      日常用语................................................................................................................8第一节  小学生口语100句.................................................................................................8第二节  英语日常用语.........................................................................................................9第三节  日常用语分类.......................................................................................................12第四章      主要问句汇总......................................................................................................14第五章      常用词性.................. ........ ..................................................................................17第一节  名词................................. .....................................................................................17第二节  冠词.......................................................................................................................22第三节  介词.......................................................................................................................27第六章      常见介词（连接词）的用法..................................................................................32第一节  系动词Be的用法.................................................................................................32第二节  Do的作用.............................................................................................................33第三节  介词for的用法.....................................................................................................34第四节  With的用法..........................................................................................................34第五节  Some与any的用法.............................................................................................35第六节  How many与how much的区别与用法.............................................................36第七节  Have和has的用法...............................................................................................36第八节  Do和does的用法................................................................................................36第七章      重要句型.............................................................................................................37第一节  一般疑问句..........................................................................................................37第二节  特殊疑问句..........................................................................................................38第三节  情感动词的用法..................................................................................................39第八章      五种语法汇总......................................................................................................40第一节  现在进行时态.......................................................................................................40第二节  一般现在时态.......................................................................................................40第三节  一般将来时态.......................................................................................................42第四节  一般过去时态.......................................................................................................43第五节  小学英语不规则动词变化表...............................................................................45第六节  形容词副词的比较级和最高级...........................................................................46第七节  几种时态的构成汇总...........................................................................................47第九章      方位的表达方式..................................................................................................48第一节  交通工具及“规则” .........................................................................................48第二节  英语中方位的表达方式......................................................................................49第十章      句型转换方法归纳..............................................................................................50第一节  改为一般疑问句.................................. ...............................................................50第二节  改为否定句................................. ........................................................................50第三节  对划线部分提问................................ .................................................................51第四节  肯定句、否定句、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句.......... ..........................................51第五节  其它需要注意点.................................. ... ............................................................52第十一章    小学英语谚语集锦..............................................................................................52第十二章    写作......................................................................................................................55第一节  分类写作指导...................................... ......................... .....................................55第二节  命题作文...............................................................................................................58第三节  话题作文...............................................................................................................62 第九章  方位的表达方式第一节  交通工具及 “规则”　　一、介词规则　　（一）by条款：骑车、乘(驾)车、乘船、乘飞机可以使用介词by。　　1、by 后跟"光棍"名词，即名词不加任何修饰。如：by bike/bus/car/train/ship/boat/plane。　　  如：She is going to the Great Wall (长城) by car/ bus.　　2、by ship 可用by sea表示;by plane 可以用by air 表示。如：　　a. How long does it take by ship/sea?  b. They often come back by plane/air.　　（二）in/on条款：步行、骑车、乘车、乘船、乘飞机可以使用介词 in/on。　　1.步行只可用on foot。(注意：步行不用by foot)  如：Sometimes I go to school on foot. 　　2. 骑自行车须用介词 on ：on a/ one's bike。　　3. 乘车、乘船、乘飞机可用in也可用on： in/ on a bus/train/ship/boat/plane。　　4. 乘坐小汽车应使用 in a car，不用 on a car。 　　条款说明(一)　　1. "by +名词"短语，多可以用in/on 短语替换来表示"骑、乘"之意。如：　　a. His father goes to work by bike.　 →His father goes to work on a bike.　　b. They go to the railway station (火车站) by car.　 →They go to the railway station in a car.　　2. by sea，by air 是一种比较随便的口语结构，故不宜用in 短语和on短语进行改写。即：　　by sea 不可用in/on the sea 替换；by air不可用 in/on the air 替换。　　二、动词规则　　以上出行活动皆可以选择性地用动词walk, ride, take, drive 来表示。　　1. 步行用walk (to)。如：She walks home every day. 　　2. 骑车用ride a bike。如：Can you ride a bike to go there?　　3. 乘车用 take a bus/train。如：I will take a bus/train to go to Beijing.　　4. 乘飞机用 fly (to ) 或 take a plane。如：We are flying to England next week.　　5. 乘(驾)小汽车用 drive a car。如：They will drive a car to go to the USA.　　条款说明(二)　　动词规则不能与介词规则相结合使用，尤其是动词walk, fly 。如：　　She walks home on foot every day. (×)　　a. She goes home on foot every day. (√)　　b. She walks home every day. (√)　　He will soon fly to London by plane/air. (×)　　a. He will soon fly to London. (√)　　b. He will soon go to London by plane/air. (√)第二节   英语中方位的表达方式一、in, to, on和off在方位名词前的区别 1. in表示A地在B地范围之内。如：Taiwan is in the southeast of China. 2. to表示A地在B地范围之外，即二者之间有距离间隔。如：Japan lies to the east of China. 3. on表示A地与B地接壤、毗邻。如：North Korea is on the east of China. 4. off表示“离……一些距离或离……不远的海上”。如：New Zealand lies off the eastern coast of Australia.二、 汉语里“东南西北”的先后顺序到英语里就变成了north，south，east，west；并由此有了下列中、英文表达上的差异。 东南方：southeast   西南方：southwest  西北方：northwest  东北方：northeast  如：十三陵位于北京西北50公里处。The Ming Tombs are located about 50 km to the northwest of Beijing.                                                               天津位于北京东南120公里处。Tiajin is situated l20 km southeast of Beijing.三、 near, by, beside, at表示“在……附近”时的区别 1. near表示相对的近，实际距离可能还很远。如： Suzhou is near Shanghai. 2. by和beside都表示靠近，实际距离不可能很远，但beside比by更具体地表示出“在……旁边”的意思。如：He was sitting beside her. 3. at也有“在旁边”的意思，但多表示有目的的行为所处的位置，而by和beside仅表示位置关系。如：The students are sitting at the desks listening to the teacher. 四、at, in和on表示地点时的区别 1、at表示地点： （1）用于指较小的地方。如： I shall wait for you at the station. （2）用于门牌号码前。如： He lives at 115 Zhongshan Road. 2、in表示地点： （1）用于指较大的地方。如： He lives in Shanghai. （2）虽然是很小的地方，如果说话人住在那里，也可用in。商店、学校、机关等，若看作一个地点（point）用at，若看作一个场所（place）用in。如： I met him at the post-office.   I’m now working in the post-office. 3、on表示地点，一般指与面或线接触，意为“在……上；在……旁”。如： The picture was hanging on the wall.   New York is on the Hudson River. 五、above, over, on, up表示“在……上”之间的区别 1、 above指“……上方”，表示相对高度，不一定在正上方，其反义词为below。如：We’re flying above the clouds. 2、over指“在……正上方”，表示垂直上方，其反义词为under。   如： The bridge is over the river. 3、on表示“在……上面”，与物体表面接触，与beneath相对。如：There is a map on the wall. The earth felt soft beneath our feet. 4、up表示动作的方向往上，反义词为down。   如： Please hang the picture up.