高中英语高考2020高考英语一轮复习Unit5Thepowerofnature练习含解析新人教版选修

Unit 5　The power of nature

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

(2018长沙一模)

In between running one of the world’s largest charitable agencies and acting as Microsoft’s technology advisor,Bill Gates manages to find time to read books,both long and short.Now Gates—who has been labeled a “greedy” reader—has released a list of his favorite books.All of the books are standout reads,according to the billionaire,most of which are focused on business and economy.

Here are Bill’s top four picks (with parts of his full review of each book).

Business Adventures,by John Brooks

Brooks’ collection was published in 1969 and remains one of Gates’ favorites.He re-read it again this year,labeling it the best business book he has ever read.

“Shortly after we met,Warren Buffett lent me this collection of business articles from The New Yorker from the 1950s and 1960s.I loved them as much as he did.Brooks’ insights (洞察力) into business have aged beautifully,and they are as true today as ever.”

Capital in the Twenty-First Century,by Thomas Piketty

Piketty’s novel hit the shelves in August 2013 and sparked much discussion concerning income inequality throughout this year.Gates also got to sit down with Piketty himself after reading the non-fiction work to discuss the topic.

“As I told him,although I have concerns about some of his secondary points and policy prescriptions,I agree with his most important conclusions:inequality is a growing problem and governments should play a role in reducing it.”

How Asia Works,by Joe Studwell

Studwell’s work,which was published in May 2014,addresses how countries such as Japan,R.O.Korea and China have continued to achieve high growth,and why other countries have failed to do the same.

“The agriculture section of the book was particularly insightful.It provided ample food for thought for me as well as the whole agriculture team at our foundation.And it left us thinking about whether parts of the Asian model can apply in Africa.”

Making the Modern World:Materials and Dematerialization,by Vaclav Smil

Smil’s books are a constant favorite of the Microsoft’s founder—one of his books makes Gates’ list almost every year.Making the Modern World came out late in 2013 and explores the global use of materials,from silicon to wood and plastic.

“If anyone tries to tell you we’re using fewer materials,send him this book.With his usual skepticism and his love of data,Smil shows how our ability to make things with fewer materials—say,soda cans that need less aluminum—makes them cheaper,which actually encourages more production.”

1.The books mentioned in the text are mainly about 　　　. 

A.charity in the world B.business and economy

C.poverty in the world D.Bill Gates’ life experience

2.Of the books,　　　 is best praised by Bill Gates. 

A.How Asia Works

B.Capital in the Twenty-First Century

C.Business Adventures

D.Making the Modern World:Materials and Dematerialization

3.Gates once had a personal discussion with the author of 　　　. 

A.Capital in the Twenty-First Century

B.Business Adventures

C.How Asia Works

D.Making the Modern World:Materials and Dematerialization

4.In How Asia Works,the author analyses 　　　. 

A.why African agriculture cannot develop fast

B.how they can apply Asian economic model in African countries

C.why Asia is slow in agricultural development

D.how some Asian countries have rapidly grown in economy

语篇解读:本文介绍了比尔·盖茨喜欢阅读的四本关于商业和经济的书。

答案及剖析:

1.B　细节理解题。根据第一段的最后一句“All of the books are standout reads,according to the billionaire,most of which are focused on business and economy.”可知,比尔·盖茨喜欢的这些书都是优秀读物,其中大部分书与商业和经济有关,故B项正确。

2.C　细节理解题。根据第三段的第二句“He re-read it again this year,labeling it the best business book he has ever read.”可知,Business Adventures这本书是最受比尔·盖茨称赞的,故C项正确。

3.A　细节理解题。根据第五段的第二句“Gates also got to sit down with Piketty himself after reading the non-fiction work to discuss the topic.”可知,比尔·盖茨和Capital in the Twenty-First Century 这本书的作者坐下来交谈过,故A项正确。

4.D　细节理解题。根据第七段中的“addresses how countries such as Japan,R.O.Korea and China have continued to achieve high growth”可知,How Asia Works 主要介绍了一些亚洲国家如日本、韩国和中国是如何快速发展经济的,故D项正确。

B

As an elementary school student in New York City,Robert Lee would stare in disbelief at his classmates throwing away half-eaten sandwiches after lunch.His Korean immigrant parents had taught him and his older brother not to waste food.

While studying finance and accounting at New York University,Robert remembered this lesson and joined Two Birds One Stone,a food-rescue club on campus that delivered,five days a week,uneaten pasta,vegetables,and other leftovers from the dining hall to nearby homeless shelters.

When Robert and fellow club member Louisa Chen entered a college entrepreneurship(创业) contest,they proposed a slightly different idea for a food-rescue nonprofit group:Their program wouldn’t have a donation minimum (meaning they would gladly pick up one bag of leftover bagels or a single pot of soup),would operate seven days a week,and would be run entirely by volunteers.

Their idea won the competition.With the $1,000 prize,they founded Rescuing Leftover Cuisine (RLC) in July 2013.In just the first few weeks,Robert’s team delivered a donation of enough spaghetti and meatballs to feed 20 people in line at a New York City homeless shelter that had run out of food.

Robert,who had taken a job at J.P.Morgan,devoted his spare time to creating a network of New York City restaurants that agreed to donate food,and he found volunteers to make food deliveries to homeless shelters.After RLC received national press attention,homeless shelters and soup kitchens in Portland,Oregon,

Washington,D.C. and other cities reached out to Robert for partnership advice.To date,RLC has distributed more than 250,000 pounds of food in 12 cities around the country.

Only a year into his finance job,Robert gave up his six-figure salary to focus on RLC.“I compared one hour of impact at J.P.Morgan to one hour at RLC,and the difference was just huge,” he says.He’s now the group’s only full-time employee.

“One shelter recently told us that our donations allow them to provide entire dinners for more than 300 people,three nights a week,” Robert says.“Things like that make me glad so I quit my job.”

5.Which of the following statements about RLC is NOT true?

A.It became successful immediately. 

B.It has attracted nationwide attention.

C.It was started from a food-rescue club. 

D.It delivers food to shelters by volunteers.

6.Where did Robert get the money to found RLC?

A.He saved money in college. 

B.He won the prize at a competition.

C.He borrowed money from his friend 

D.He received donations from restaurants.

7.Why did Robert quit his job at J.P.Morgan?

A.He couldn’t make as much money as he hoped.

B.The job at J.P.Morgan takes too much of his time.

C.RLC needs a full-time employee to develop its business.

D.Working for RLC is more meaningful than for J.P.Morgan

8.According to Robert,which of the following words best describes the job at RLC?

A.rewarding  B.surprising C.tiring D.exciting

语篇解读:这是一篇记叙文。全文介绍美国一个24岁的年轻人辞去六位数年薪的工作,通过自己的机构和网络,从各大餐馆募集食物送给那些无家可归的人。

答案及剖析:

5.B　细节理解题。根据第五段内容After RLC received national press attention,homeless shelters and soup kitchens in Portland...可知RLC受到的是全国媒体的关注而不是B项中所说的全国的关注,故选B。

6.B　细节理解题。根据文章第四段内容With the $1,000 prize,they founded Rescuing Leftover Cuisine (RLC) in July 2013.可知建立RLC的资金来自于他们参赛获得的奖金,故选B。

7.D　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容“I compared one hour of impact at J.P.Morgan to one hour at RLC,and the difference was just huge,”可推断他放弃六位数工资的工作专注RLC,是因为他认为RLC的工作更有意义。故选D。

8.A　推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容“One shelter recently told us that our donations allow them to provide entire dinners for more than 300 people,three nights a week,” Robert says.“Things like that make me glad so I quit my job.”一个收容所最近告诉我们,我们的捐赠能让他们给300多人提供一星期三次的晚餐,那样的事情让我觉得辞去工作也是很快乐的。可推断Robert认为RLC的工作是值得的,故选A。

Ⅱ.语法填空(2018青岛检测)

Seeing the Great Wall

 The Great Wall 1.　　　　 (snake) more than 6,000 kilometers.First built to keep out invaders,it is now a popular tourist 2.　　　　 (attract). 

Badaling is the most famous of the five sections 3.　　　　 lie near Beijing and can be accessed 4.　　　　 (easy).About two hours away by bus lies Jinshanling.This well-preserved section of the wall has not been repaired since 1570!If you’re looking for a 5.　　　　 (peace) walk and amazing views,this is the spot 6.　　　　 (visit).About six kilometers from Jiayuguan city in Gansu Province,you can visit Jiayuguan.It was the starting place for the section of the Great Wall 7.　　　　 (build) during the Ming Dynasty.This pass is the best preserved 8.　　　　 the Great Wall military forts (军事要塞).The eastern end of the Great Wall is Shanhaiguan in Hebei Province.The east tower of the Shanhai Pass is called the First Pass Under Heaven.Stand near the tower to see the roaring sea on one side and the Great Wall on the 9.　　　　.　 

Wherever you choose to visit the Great Wall,you will be 10.　　　　 (amaze).It is like no other structure on Earth. 

答案及剖析:

1.snakes　此处snake用作动词,意为“蜿蜒前行,迂回前进”;由全文时态为一般现在时可知,此处也应用一般现在时;主语The Great Wall 为第三人称单数。故填snakes。

2.attraction　名词短语tourist attraction意为“旅游胜地”,为固定搭配。故填attraction。

3.which/that　分析句子结构可知,空格处引导定语从句,指代先行词five sections,并在从句中作主语。故填which/that。

4.easily　此处应用其副词形式作状语,修饰谓语动词。故填easily。

5.peaceful　根据语境和空格前面的不定冠词a可知,walk是名词,表示“步行”,所以前面应用形容词peaceful(意为“安静的”)作定语,修饰名词walk。故填peaceful。

6.to visit　此处用动词不定式作后置定语,修饰前面的名词spot。故填to visit。

7.built　build与the section of the Great Wall之间是被动关系,再根据表示过去的时间状语“during the Ming Dynasty”可知,应用过去分词形式作后置定语,表示被动和完成。故填built。

8.of/among　根据空格前面的最高级best可知,应用介词of或among表示和最高级连用的范围,表达“这个关口是长城军事要塞中保存得最完好的”。故填of/among。

9.other　on one side...on the other (side)意为“在一边……在另一边”,为固定搭配。故填other。

10.amazed　此处amazed用作形容词,表示“惊奇的,吃惊的”,指人的心理状态。故填amazed。

Ⅲ.书面表达(2018长沙一模)

假定你是李华,在一个英文网络论坛上,你看到一个名叫Mike的中学生发贴(post)寻求帮助。请根据帖子内容、写作要点和要求回帖。

Hi,everyone,

I’m 18 years old and I’m going to a university in Beijing this autumn.My parents insist on going with me to help me with my daily life.But I think I can manage it all by myself.How can I make them change their ideas?

写作要点:

1.告诉Mike要理解父母;

2.给Mike提出解决问题的具体建议。

注意:1.词数100左右(不含已写好的部分);

2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。

Hi,Mike,

As a student of your age,I understand your situation.

Yours sincerely,

Li Hua

One possible version:

Hi,Mike,

As a student of your age,I understand your situation. I think it is wise of you to go all by yourself.But you’d better avoid hurting the feelings of your parents.Here are some of my suggestions.

As your parents,they may have many reasons to go with you.This is your first time to be far away from home for so long,and they surely have some worries and wish to see everything go well.So have a talk with them peacefully and listen patiently.

And then,express your thanks for all their love and care.Tell them you can manage everything well this time just as you did many times in the past.Remember to invite them to Beijing when you have already settled down.I am sure they will understand you and take your idea into consideration.

All the best.

Yours sincerely,

Li Hua