2021-2022学年福建省龙岩一中高二（下）第二次月考英语试卷（含答案解析）

这是一份2021-2022学年福建省龙岩一中高二（下）第二次月考英语试卷（含答案解析），共19页。

The Mst Breathtaking Theaters in the Wrld Shakespeare's Glbe Theater（ Lndn ，UK）
The riginal Glbe Theater was built by Shakespeare's cmpany in 1599，but was destryed by fire in 1613.A replica was built in 1997 just meters frm the riginal site.The new 857-seat structure has several mdern features.It has the first and nly straw rf permitted in Lndn since the great fire f 1666.
Shakespeare's Glbe,21 New Glbe Walk,Bankside,Lndn； +44 20 7902 1400
Margravial Opera Huse（ Bayreuth,Germany ）
Built in 1745，the UNESCO-isted Margravial Opera Huse is regarded as the finest barque theater in Eurpe.The stage has a depth f 27 meters and was the largest in Eurpe until 1871.Much f the riginal materials remain,alng with riginal structures,such as the twin staircases.
Margravial Opera Huse ，14.Bayreuth,Germany；+49 9 21 7 59 69 22
Teatr Amaznas（ Manaus ，Brazil）
There can't be many theaters lcated in the middle f the Amazn rainfrest,and the Teatr Amaznas is certainly the mst breathtaking.The theater was built in 1895 and was designed by Italian architect Celestial Sacardim.Wrk tk 15 years,largely thanks t the decisin t surce supplies frm all ver the wrld.
Amazn Theater,Centr,Manaus,Brazil；+5592 3622 1880
Natinal Centre fr the Perfrming Arts（ Beijing,China）
The Natinal Centre fr the Perfrming Arts（NCPA），built in 2007，is an arts centre in Beijing.Designed by French architect Paul Andreu,the NCPA is the largest theatre cmplex（建筑群）in Asia.The NCPA includes value in bth ancient traditinal Chinese architecture and mdern architecture.It was specially designed t imprve the red walls f ancient buildings and the Great Hall f the Peple in rder t fit in with the surrundings.
NCPA，N.2 West Chang an Avenue,Xicheng District ，Beijing； + 86010 6655 0989
1. Where des the theatre with its lngest survival time lie？ ______
A. In Lndn.B. In Bayreuth.C. In Manaus.D. In Beijing.
2. Which f the fllwing was designed by an Italian architect？ ______
A. Shakespeare's Glbe.
B. Margravial Opera Huse.
C. Teatr Amaznas.
D. Natinal Centre fr the Perfrming Arts.
3. Hw is Natinal Centre fr the Perfrming Arts special？ ______
A. It features mdern architecture.B. It receives wrldwide supplies.
C. It is a multifunctinal theatre.D. It matches its surrundings.
B
When a typical kid hums （哼唱） a tune,it's usually smething like" Twinkle ，Twinkle ，Little Star ，"nt Finnish cmpser Jean Sibelius's Vilin Cncert in D Minr.
S when Nygel Witherspn began t hum the very difficult cncert （协奏曲），his family guessed that he shuld have music lessns.He was ，hwever,just 3 years ld.
"He was calm,with an ability t fcus," recalled David Hlmes,Witherspn's cell （大提琴） teacher frm age 3 t 16.
Witherspn is a familiar name in his hmetwn.He has inherited his talent frm bth sides f his family,including his aunt,the late jazz vcalist Shirley Witherspn.
The 17-year-ld desn't see himself as cmpetitive."I think it's mre imprtant fr students t have a supprtive envirnment than a cmpetitive ne," he said. "It's great t have a supprt system,where yu can be yurself and imprve right alng with thers ding the same thing.
Witherspn's lve f music blssmed as he attended vila （中提琴） lessns with lder siblings （兄弟姐妹）.Their teacher,David France,nticed that the little by was a spnge （海绵）.
"He'd absrb everything they did, "France said.Witherspn was given a bx vilin,but he wanted t play the big ne- -the cell.He lved its size and tne.That's when he was matched with his teacher Hlmes.
Witherspn's drive is inspired by the cnnectin music prvides.He recalled that he and his siblings perfrmed as a chamber tri （室内乐三重奏） at their grandmther's nursing hme.The psitive reactin frm residents gave him mtivatin.
"It's s imprtant,whether it's hip-hp r classical," he said. "Music is the universal language.It cnnects all f us. "His mther runs an in-hme daycare where lucky children can hear Witherspn s cncerts as backgrund music.
Witherspn finds the nisy envirnment helpful in terms f learning t fcus and play with distractins.As he practices in the kitchen,smetimes children tddle （蹒跚学步） up t listen.
Despite years f perfrming,Witherspn said he still gets nervus smetimes. "But nce I'm n stage,I cnnect with my instrument and try t tell a stry with my music.
4. Hw was Witherspn different frm ther kids when he was 3？ ______
A. He began t teach himself music.
B. He was able t hum very difficult tunes.
C. He had already made up his mind t learn vilin.
D. He culd already play the sngs t which he'd listened.
5. What des Witherspn think is imprtant fr music learners？ ______
A. Practicing hard.
B. Being very cmpetitive.
C. Being in a supprtive envirnment.
D. Having a gd teacher frm an early age.
6. What is France's impressin f Witherspn？ ______
A. He is a fast learner.B. He is a creative player.
C. He wrks very hard.D. He is pen- minded.
7. What is the main purpse f Paragraphs 8 and 9？ ______
A. T stress hw music cnnects peple.
B. T cmpare Witherspn's perfrmance with his siblings'.
C. T shw that mtivatin plays a big rle in music studies.
D. T shw hw studying music helped Witherspn vercme difficulties.
C
By 2050, the United Natins says, we're ging t need 70 percent mre fd t feed the nine billin peple living n Earth. Sara Menker says the prblem may be even mre urgent than the U. N. suggests. In 2017, she gave a TED talk in which she said a "tippingpint," beynd which glbal fd markets becme t verladed t functin effectively, culd cme in just a few years.
"We discvered that the wrld will be shrt 214x1012 calries by 2027, she said. Or, in mre familiar terms: "A single Big Mac has 563 calries. That means the wrld will be shrt 380 billin Big Macs in 2027.That is mre Big Macs than McDnald's has ever prduced."
Menker cannt change the wrld alne. But the firm she started, Gr Intelligence, is prviding infrmatin that fd cmpanies, insurers, lenders and plicymakers use t make fd prductin mre effective, and perhaps help prtect against that tipping pint.
Gr tracks 650x1012 data pints daily—frm surces such as gvernment and lcal fd reprts, satellite phts, lng-term weather frecasts and greenhuse gas measurements-and creates cmputer mdels s that fd cmpanies, such as Unilever and Yum! Brands, can knw hw prices are likely t trend, calculate surpluses (过剩) and shrtages, and be mre flexible when climate change makes fd supplies harder t predict.
A type f artificial intelligence knwn as machine learning is key t dealing with the data because, as Allisn Tepley f Gr's staff put it, "The best infrmatin is ften lcal infrmatin, but it's ften in lcal languages, in different frms and it all needs t be put tgether."
Gr has sunded warnings n African swine fever in China (which cut prk prductin 30 percent in 2018), lcust infestatin in East Africa in 2020 and glbal inflatin (通货膨胀) in fd prices.
8. What is the prblem mentined by Menker?
A. Fd shrtage.B. Overladed markets.
C. Overppulatin.D. Wrng predictin by the U.N.
9. What des Menker mean by her wrds in paragraph 2?
A. The prblem is serius.
B. Her discvery is mre accurate.
C. Big Macs cntain t many calries.
D. McDnald's shuld increase prductivity.
10. What des Gr d t help fd cmpanies?
A. Get resurces.B. Mnitr greenhuse gases.
C. Analyse big data.D. Assess surpluses and shrtages.
11. What might the underlined wrds "lcust infestatin" be in the last paragraph?
A. A data-driven drug.B. A language-based apprach.
C. A fd-related disaster.D. A prductin-centered plicy.
D
Eurpean researchers say they have created a prcess that can prduce xygen frm mn dust.The prcess culd prvide a majr surce f xygen fr humans taking part in mn explratin activities in the future.Researchers frm the Eurpean Space Agency,r ESA，carried ut the experiments at a labratry in the Netherlands.
The team says ESA's experimental "plant" was able t successfully prduce xygen frm simulated mn dust.The dust is part f a material knwn as reglith,a tp layer f dirt and rck pieces that sit n the surface f the mn.Samples f reglith returned frm the mn have cnfirmed that the material cntains abut 45 percent xygen by weight.Hwever,the xygen is chemically lcked in the frm f minerals r glass,s it is nt easily available fr use.Having real samples f reglith frm the mn made it pssible fr the researchers t create the simulated mn dust material used during testing.
The xygen extractin prcess is carried ut using a methd called mlten salt electrlysis （熔盐电解）.This includes first placing the reglith in a metal cntainer.Calcium chlride salt is added t the mixture,which is then heated t 950 degrees Celsius.At this temperature,the reglith remains slid.Next,an electrical current is passed thrugh the material.The researchers say it is this step that results in xygen being extracted frm the reglith.The study reprted that up t 96 percent f xygen in the simulated mn dust was extracted during the experiments.
ESA's lng-term gal is t design an xygen-prducing "pilt plant" t perate full-time n the mn.The first technlgy demnstratin f the system is expected t take place in the middle 2020s.Beth Lmax,a lead researcher n the prject,said, "Being able t acquire xygen frm resurces fund n the mn wuld bviusly be hugely useful fr future lunar settlers,bth fr breathing and the lcal prductin f rcket fuel." The researchers reprted that "as a bnus"，the prcess als results in the prductin f usable metallic materials.ESA and the US space agency NASA are bth wrking n plans t return human beings t the mn.NASA has set a gal fr 2024 with the aim t keep humans n the mn fr lng perids.
12. Why is xygen frm mn dust difficult t use？ ______
A. It is tugh fr human beings t get them.
B. It is chemically fixed in materials r glass.
C. There exits nly a little f it n the mn's surface.
D. The cnditins f mn dust are wrse than expected.
13. What is the main idea f the third paragraph？ ______
A. What mlten salt electrlysis is.
B. Where the value f the study lies.
C. Hw xygen is extracted frm mn dust.
D. What is necessary in the xygen extractin prcess.
14. What is Beth Lmax's attitude twards the pssibility f getting xygen frm mn dust？ ______
A. Optimistic.B. Skeptical.C. Cautius.D. Cncerned.
15. What can be the best title fr the text？ ______
A. Recent Studies f Mn Dust by Researchers.
B. Hw Researchers Extracted Oxygen frm Mn Dust.
C. Ptential Significance f Oxygen Extracted frm Mn Dust.
D. Researchers Reprt Extracting Oxygen frm Mn Dust Successfully.
Fr many f us,nthing is better than burying ur head in a gd bk.Whether it's a crime stry r a bigraphy f smene's amazing life,it's gd t read a bk t switch ff frm the distractins f everyday life.
(1) It can be educatinal and braden the mind.A gd nvel can make us happy,r make us cry as we sympathize with characters.A list f bks abut "biblitherapy" can be ffered t patients. (2) It's becme s successful that it's abut t be extended t children as well.
Prfessr Philip Davis,authr f a bk called Reading fr Life,studied peple in reading grups and fund that it's reading literature-written wrks thught t have artistic value-that has the best effect.He tld the BBC that when reading smething fr pleasure, " brain begins t wrk frm different parts,and it gets excited and emtinal. (3) "
Of curse,it's easy in ur smart phne generatin t abandn a gd bk and play with ur phnes instead.But pening up a paperback culd be a simple way t help maintain ur mental health. (4) And they may allw yu t see that awkward situatin yu've been anxius abut fr weeks frm smene else's pint f view.
(5) If the bk list desn't appeal,yu culd read bk reviews,visit a library r bkshp r ask a friend.Once yu've fund the right text,yu'll be fascinated!
A.Yu can see the brain cming t life.
B.And yu culd always use an e-reader.
C.Yu can lend it t friends and frget what yu did.
D.It may seem bvius that reading is gd fr us.
E.It's thught that they can help yu set targets and find fcus.
F.Reading bks is actually being identified as a treatment t sickness.
G.If yu're nt a cncerned reader,it can be hard t knw where t begin.
16. A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
17. A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
18. A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
19. A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
20. A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
As a child,I was crazy abut flying.I spent hurs watching birds fly,nting hw the angle f their (21) affected their flight.I wuld then waste tns f fresh printer paper,much t the disappintment f my parents,t (22) varius wing types by cnstructing paper airplanes.
One day,I decided t (23).I built a plane ut f a wden clthes rack,with plastic bags as parachutes.After being in the air fr a secnd,the wrld came (24) dwn arund me as I fell nt the bed with pieces f wd flying everywhere.
As I grew lder,my inner (25) t discver why prduced a desire t slve prblems,allwing my great (26) fr flying t turn int a deep-seated lve fr engineering.
I began t (27) myself academically,taking the hardest STEM classes ffered.I als elected t participate in my schl's engineering path. (28)，I tried hard t slve prblems that affect the real wrld.Inspired by the water crisis in India,I (29) a new purificatin system that can purify water mre efficiently and cst-effectively than(30) plants.
Wrking n the prject,I saw the raw pwer f engineering- a/an(31) idea gradually becming reality.I was spending mst f my days (32) the why behind things,while als discvering slutins t cmmn prblems.
Thirteen years have passed since that first flight,and I have yet t(33) the difficulty f physical human flight.My five-year-ld self wuld have seen the crash as a huge (34).But the great curisity that I fund in myself that day is still with me.It has cntinued t push me t challenge myself t (35) ever mre cmplex prblems,absrbed in the prmise and applicability f engineering.
21. A. eyesB. wingsC. tailsD. heads
22. A. take ffB. make upC. put nD. test ut
23. A. jumpB. diveC. flatD. fly
24. A. breakingB. burningC. crashingD. turning
25. A. dubtsB. senseC. driveD. cnflicts
26. A. passinB. prirityC. patienceD. praise
27. A. cnvinceB. behaveC. cnfuseD. challenge
28. A. By the wayB. Mst f allC. In ther wrdsD. As a result
29. A. develpedB. changedC. advcatedD. reminded
30. A. tempraryB. cnventinalC. urgentD. fficial
31. A. abstractB. basicC. absurdD. randm
32. A. rememberingB. transprtingC. questiningD. seeking
33. A. claimB. reserveC. vercmeD. register
34. A. prblemB. failureC. hnurD. enterprise
35. A. recrdB. drawC. fixD. raise
36. The Wrld Health Organizatin (WHO) has granted emergency apprval fr the COVID vaccine (疫苗) made by Chinese cmpany Sinpharm.
It is the first vaccine develped by (1) nn-western cuntry t get WHO backing. The vaccine has already been given t (2) (millin) f peple in China and elsewhere.
The WHO had (3) (previus) nly apprved the vaccines made by Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Jhnsn & Jhnsn and Mderna. But individual health regulatrs in many cuntries, especially prer nes in Africa, Latin America and Asia have apprved Chinese jabs (接种) fr emergency use.
With little data (4) (release) internatinally early n, the effectiveness f the (5) (vary) Chinese vaccines has lng been uncertain. But the WHO n Friday said it had cnfirmed the "safety, efficacy and quality" f the Sinpharm jab.
The WHO said the additin f the vaccine had "the ptential t rapidly accelerate COVID-19 vaccine access fr cuntries (6) (seek) t prtect health wrkers and ppulatins (7) risk". It is recmmended (8) the vaccine be administered in tw dses t thse aged 18 and ver.
A decisin (9) (expect) within days n anther Chinese vaccine develped by Sinvac, while Russia's Sputnik vaccine is under (10) (assess).
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37. 假定你是李华，你校最近举办了校园文化艺术节。请给你的加拿大朋友Lucy写一封邮件，简要介绍这次活动。内容包括：1.活动目的；2.活动情况；3.你的感想。
注意：1.词数80左右；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Editr,
_______
Yurs sincerely,
Li Hua
(1)
(2)
(3)
38. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文.
A rck as big as a huse.That's hw the guide bk described Giant Rck.I was finally ging t see it n snwshes,with my three lder cusins and my dad.I'd been snwsheing befre and I liked the adventure f hiking thrugh deep snw alngside wild-animal tracks.
At the parking area dwn the hill,after putting n ur snwshes,we studied the map.Dad said, "We start here,n the red trail.Then we turn left nt the purple trail.That's where Giant Rck is.Remember t stick tgether,guys." The trail ran uphill alngside a stne wall.It was easy t fllw because red markers were nailed t the trees and the snw had been packed dwn by ther hikers.At the tp f the hill,we turned nt the purple trail.My cusins and dad were faster than I was,but I managed t keep up.
The late afternn sun felt warm,althugh it was already sinking lwer.Finally,we reached a hill and saw the big rck sitting alne,s splendid and charming against the setting sun.My cusins and I high-fived each ther and jgged dwn the slpe（斜坡） until we std at the base,breathless.
Nticing the sun had sunk even lwer,dad said after a few minutes. "Let's head back. "I was a little behind the grup when I nticed a set f animals tracks I didn't recgnize.They were hard t see amng the snw sheprints,s I fllwed them ff the trail fr a clser lk.There were n claw（动物的爪）marks,which meant they didn't belng t a dg r a fx.I was thinking abut it when I suddenly realized hw quiet it had gtten.I shuted at the tp f my vice, "Where is everyne？" Nthing.I was ttally alne.
"They culdn't have gne t far," I thught. "Stepping back nt the trail,I'll catch them up if I hurry." Several minutes later,I came t a crssrad where I culd turn left r g straight,but bth trails had purple markers.It was difficult t chse.Sn it was t dark t tell what clur the markers were.And I culdn't just fllw my wn ftsteps because there were s many tracks frm ther hikers.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右：
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
It seemed t grw darker and darker,and I had n phne.________
I heard vices,smene calling.________
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】B、C、D
【解析】（1）B.细节理解题。根据Margravial Opera Huse（Bayreuth,Germany）部分Built in 1745，the UNESCO-listed Mareravial Opera Huse is regarded as the finest barque theater in Eurpe.（马里拉维尔歌剧院建于1745年，被联合国教科文组织列入名录，被认为是欧洲最好的巴洛克式剧院。）可知，这几座剧院中年代最为久远的是位于德国的马里拉维尔歌剧院。故选B。
（2）C.细节理解题。根据Teatr Amaznas（Manaus,Brazil）部分The theater was built in 1895 and was designed by Italian architect Celestial Sacardim.（这座剧院建于1895年，由意大利建筑师Celestial Sacardim设计。）可知，Teatr Amaznas由意大利设计师设计。故选C。
（3）D.细节理解题。根据Natinal Centre fr the Perfrming Arts（Beijing,China）部分It was specially designed t imprve the red walls f ancient buildings and the Great Hall f the Peple in rder t fit in with the surrundings.（为了适应周围的环境，它专门为改善古建筑和人民大会堂的红墙而做出这样的设计。）可知，Natinal Centre fr the Perfrming Arts的特殊之处在于它完美融合了周围的环境。故选D。
本文是一篇广告布告类阅读，主要介绍了世界上令人最为叹为观止的几座大剧院。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。
4~7.【答案】B、C、A、A
【解析】（1）B.推理判断题。根据第一段When a typical kid hums （哼唱） a tune,it's usually smething like "Twinkle,Twinkle Little Star," nt Finnish cmpser Jean Sibelius's Vilin Cncert in D Minr.（当一个典型的孩子哼唱一首曲子，通常是类似"一闪一闪亮晶晶的小星星"的曲子，而不是芬兰作曲家西贝柳斯的D小调小提琴协奏曲。）可知，普通孩子哼唱的是简单的曲子；以及第二段S when Nygel Witherspn began t hum the very difficult cncert （协奏曲），his family guessed that he shuld have music lessns.He was,hwever,just 3 years ld.（所以当Nygel Witherspn开始哼唱非常困难的协奏曲时，他的家人猜测他应该去上音乐课。然而，那时候他只有3岁。）可知，Witherspn与其他的孩子不一样，在三岁的时候他能哼出非常难的曲子。故选B项。
（2）C.细节理解题。根据第五段"I think it's mre imprtant fr students t have a supprtive envirnment than a cmpetitive ne," he said. "It's great t have a supprt system,where yu can be yurself and imprve right alng with thers ding the same thing."（他表示：我认为，对学生来说，有一个支持性的环境比竞争性的环境更重要。有一个支持系统是很棒的，在这个系统中，你可以做你自己，并且和其他人一起做同样的事情。）可知，Witherspn认为对于音乐学者来说处于一个支持性的环境中是很重要的。故选C项。
（3）A.推理判断题。根据第七段"He'd absrb everything they did," France said.Witherspn was given a bx vilin,but he wanted t play "the big ne" ― the cell.He lved its size and tne.That's when he was matched with his teacher Hlmes.（法兰士说："他会吸收他们所做的一切"。威瑟斯彭被给予了一把盒式小提琴，但他想弹奏最重要的那一把大提琴。因为他喜欢它的大小和音调。那时他就用大提琴和他的老师福尔摩斯配合弹奏。）可推知，France认为Witherspn学东西很快，因为Witherspn在收到大提琴的时候就可以和他的音乐老师配合弹奏。故选A项。
（4）A.目的意图题。根据第八段Witherspn's drive is inspired by the cnnectin music prvides.He recalled that he and his siblings perfrmed as a chamber tri （室内乐三重奏） at their grandmther's nursing hme.The psitive reactin frm residents gave him mtivatin.（威瑟斯彭的动力来自于音乐提供的连接。他回忆说，他和他的兄弟姐妹在他们的祖母的养老院进行室内乐三重奏。养老院的居民的积极反应给了他动力。）可知，他和兄弟姐妹弹奏音乐，音乐使得他们与养老院的居民联系在一起。第九段"It's s imprtant,whether it's hip-hp r classical," he said. "Music is the universal language.It cnnects all f us."（他说："这很重要，无论是嘻哈音乐还是古典音乐，音乐是世界通用的语言。它连接着我们所有人。"）可知，音乐是世界通用的语言，连接着我们所有人。综上，第八第九段的目的是强调音乐是如何联系人们的。故选A项。
本文为说明文。文章讲述了Witherspn在小时候展露音乐天赋，家人们支持他去学习音乐，以及他超强的音乐学习能力和他对音乐的一些看法。他认为音乐是世界通用的语言，它连接着我们所有人，我们可以用音乐讲述一个故事。
阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料；其次细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。
8~11.【答案】A、A、C、C
【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇社会文化类阅读，主要介绍了为应对全球将面临的粮食短缺问题，Sara Menker创建的公司Gr Intelligence正在运用人工智能处理数据来帮助解决这一问题。
1.
根据第一段Sara Menker says the prblem may be even mre urgent than the U. N. suggests. In 2017, she gave a TED talk in which she said a "tippingpint," beynd which glbal fd markets becme t verladed t functin effectively, culd cme in just a few years.（Sara Menker说，这个问题可能比联合国所说的更加紧迫。2017年，她在一次TED演讲中表示，几年后可能会出现一个“转折点”，超过这个转折点，全球食品市场将变得超负荷而无法有效运作。）可知，这个她提到的问题是粮食短缺问题。故选A。
2.
根据第二段"We discvered that the wrld will be shrt 214×1012 calries by 2027," … "A single Big Mac has 563 calries ... than McDnald's has ever prduced.（“我们发现，到2027年，世界将减少214x1012卡路里的热量，”……“一个巨无霸含有563卡路里。这意味着2027年全世界将短缺3800亿个巨无霸。这比麦当劳生产的巨无霸还要多。）可知，Sara Menker用精确的数字、熟悉的术语来说明这个问题非常严重。故选A。
3.
根据第四段Gr tracks 650x1012 data pints daily—frm surces such as gvernment and lcal fd t predict.（Gr每天从政府和地方食品报告、卫星照片、长期天气预报和温室气体测量等来源跟踪650x1012个数据点，并创建计算机模型，以便联合利华和百胜等食品公司品牌，可以知道价格的走势，​​​​​​​计算盈余和短缺，并在气候变化使食品供应难以预测时更加灵活。）可知，Gr的做法是分析大数据。故选C。
4.
根据最后一段内容Gr has sunded warnings n ... and glbal inflatin (通货膨胀) in fd prices.格罗对中国的非洲猪瘟（2018年猪肉产量减少了30%）、2020年东非___和食品价格上的全球通货膨胀发出了警告。）可知，lcust infestatin与African swine fever（非洲猪瘟）和glbal inflatin in fd prices（全球食品价格通胀）并列，故lcust infestatin应该也是指与粮食有关的疾病。故选C。
12~15.【答案】B、C、A、D
【解析】（1）B.细节理解题。根据第二段中的Hwever,the xygen is chemically lcked in the frm f minerals r glass,s it is nt easily available fr use. （然而，这氧不易使用的原因是氧在化学上以矿物或玻璃的形式被锁住。）可知，月球尘埃中的氧气难以使用是因为它以化学方式固定在矿物或玻璃中。故选B。
（2）C.主旨大意题。第三段首先说到The xygen extractin prcess is carried ut using a methd called mlten salt electrlysis （熔盐电解）. （氧提取过程是用一种称为熔盐电解的方法进行的。），然后说到第二步Next,an electrical current is passed thrugh the material. （下一步，电流通过材料传播。）所以第三段主要讲了如何从月球尘埃中提取氧气。故选C。
（3）A.观点态度题。根据第四段中的Being able t acquire xygen frm resurces fund n the mn wuld bviusly be hugely useful fr future lunar settlers,bth fr breathing and the lcal prductin f rcket fuel.（能够从月球上发现的资源中获取氧气显然对未来的月球定居者非常有用，无论是呼吸还是火箭燃料的本地生产。）可知，Beth Lmax对于能够从月球尘埃中获取氧气的可能性持乐观态度。A.Optimistic乐观的；B.Skeptical怀疑的；C.Cautius谨慎的；D.Cncerned感兴趣的。故选A。
（4）D.标题归纳题。根据第一段中的Eurpean researchers say they have created a prcess that can prduce xygen frm mn dust. （欧洲研究员声称他们已经创造出了从月球尘埃中提取氧气的方法。）以及全文内容可知文章主要讲了研究人员报告说，他们成功地从月球尘埃中提取了氧气。D项Researchers Reprt Extracting Oxygen frm Mn Dust Successfully（研究人员报告成功从月球尘埃中提取氧气）作为本文标题最为恰当。故选D。
本文是一篇科教类说明文。主要讲的是研究人员报告称他们已经成功地从月球尘埃中提取出氧气。这项工程对于未来的月球定居者来说是非常有用的。
1．直接信息题：
直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。
2．间接信息题：
间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换。
3．综合信息题：
综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析。
16~20.【答案】D、F、A、E、G
【解析】（1）D.主题判断题。根据后句It can be educatinal and braden the mind.A gd nvel can make us happy,r make us cry as we sympathize with characters（它可以是教育性的，可以开阔视野。一部好的小说可以让我们快乐，或者让我们在同情人物时哭泣），可知表示"很明显，阅读对我们有好处"的选项D符合本段的主题，故选D。
（2）F.推理判断题。根据前句A list f bks abut "biblitherapy" can be ffered t patients（可以向患者提供有关"阅读疗法"的书籍列表），可知表示"读书实际上被认为是一种治疗疾病的方法"的选项F符合前后的语境，patients是关键词，故选F。
（3）A.推理判断题。根据前句He tld the BBC that when reading smething fr pleasure, " brain begins t wrk frm different parts,and it gets excited and emtinal（他告诉英国广播公司，当为了快乐而阅读时，"……大脑开始从不同的部位工作，它变得兴奋和情绪化"），可知表示"你可以看到大脑复活了"的选项A符合前后的语境，the brain是关键词，故选A。
（4）E.推理判断题。根据后句And they may allw yu t see that awkward situatin yu've been anxius abut fr weeks frm smene else's pint f view（它们可能会让你从别人的角度看到你已经焦虑了数周的尴尬局面），可知表示"人们认为，它们可以帮助你设定目标并找到重点"的选项E符合前后的语境，And they是关键词，故选E。
（5）G.推理判断题。根据后句If the bk list desn't appeal,yu culd read bk reviews,visit a library r bkshp r ask a friend（如果书单没有吸引力，你可以阅读书评，参观图书馆或书店，或者问问朋友），可知表示"如果你不是一个关注它的读者，那么很难知道从哪里开始"的选项G符合前后的语境，the bk list desn't appeal是关键词，故选G。
本文是一篇说明文。介绍阅读的好处以及怎样获得这种快乐的方法。
七选五阅读是完成性阅读，和完形填空很类似，不同的是一个选词，一个选句子。解题时，要注意上下文语境，充分考虑信息词（选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的词），选出最符合语境的句子。
21~35.【答案】B、D、D、C、C、A、D、B、A、B、A、D、C、B、C
【解析】（1）B.考查名词及语境理解。A.eyes眼睛；B.wings翅膀；C.tails尾巴；D.heads头。句意：我花了几个小时观察鸟类飞行，注意它们翅膀的角度如何影响它们的飞行。呼应后文"varius wing types"观察的是鸟类的翅膀角度。故选B。
（2）D.考查动词短语及语境理解。A.take ff起飞；B.make up编造；C.put n穿上；D.test ut考验，测试。句意：然后我会浪费成吨的新鲜打印纸，让我的父母非常失望，通过制作纸飞机来测试各种机翼类型。根据后文"varius wing types by cnstructing paper airplanes"可知，作者通过制作纸飞机来测试各种机翼类型。故选D。
（3）D.考查动词及语境理解。A.jump跳跃；B.dive潜水；C.flat漂浮；D.fly飞翔。句意：一天，我决定飞。根据后文"After being in the air fr a secnd"可知作者决定自己尝试飞行。故选D。
（4）C.考查动词及语境理解。A.breaking破碎；B.burning燃烧；C.crashing碰撞；D.turning转动。句意：在空中待了一秒钟后，我摔在了床上，木头碎片飞得到处都是，整个世界都在我身边轰然倒塌。根据后文"arund me as I fell nt the bed with pieces f wd flying everywhere."可知，作者在空中待了一秒钟后，摔在了床上，木头碎片飞得到处都是。故选C。
（5）C.考查名词及语境理解。A.dubts怀疑；B.sense感觉；C.drive驱动力；D.cnflicts冲突。句意：随着年龄的增长，我对发现原因的内在动力产生了解决问题的欲望，让我对飞行的巨大热情变成了对工程的深层热爱。根据空后"t discver why prduced a desire t slve prblems"可知作者对发现原因的内在动力产生了解决问题的欲望。故选C。
（6）A.考查名词及语境理解。A.passin激情；B.pririty优先；C.patience耐心；D.praise赞美。句意：随着年龄的增长，我对发现原因的内在动力产生了解决问题的欲望，让我对飞行的巨大热情变成了对工程的深层热爱。根据后文"fr flying t turn int a deep-seated lve fr engineering."可知作者后来喜欢上了工程学。故选A。
（7）D.考查动词及语境理解。A.cnvince确信；B.behave行为；C.cnfuse使困惑；D.challenge挑战。句意：我开始在学术上挑战自己，选修最难的STEM课程。根据后文"taking the hardest STEM classes ffered"可知，作者选修最难的STEM课程在学术上挑战自己。故选D。
（8）B.考查固定短语及语境理解。A.By the way顺便说；B.Mst f all最重要的是；C.In ther wrds换句话说；D.As a result结果。句意：最重要的是，我试图解决影响现实世界的问题。根据后文"I sught t slve prblems that affect the real wrld"可知，比参加课程更重要的是，作者试图解决影响现实世界的问题。故选B。
（9）A.考查动词及语境理解。A.develped开发；B.changed改变；C.advcated提倡；D.reminded提醒。句意：受到印度水危机的启发，我开发了一种新的净化系统，它可以比传统的工厂更有效、更经济地净化水。根据后文"a new purificatin system"指开发一种新的净化系统。故选A。
（10）B.考查形容词及语境理解。A.temprary临时的；B.cnventinal传统的；C.urgent紧急的；D.fficial官方的。句意：受印度水危机的启发，我开发了一种新的净化系统，可以比传统的工厂更高效。更经济地净化水。根据语境，此处表示作者开发了一种新的净化系统，比传统的工厂更高效、更经济。故选B。
（11）A.考查形容词及语境理解。A.abstract抽象的；B.basic基本的；C.absurd愚蠢的；D.randm任意的。句意：在这个项目中，我看到了工程学的原始力量---—个抽象的想法逐渐变成现实。根据空后"idea gradually becming reality"可知工程学是把抽象想法变成现实的学科。故选A。
（12）D.考查动词及语境理解。A.remembering记得；B.transprting运输；C.questining质疑；D.seeking寻找。句意：我大部分时间都在寻找事情背后的原因，同时也在寻找常见问题的解决方案。根据后文"the why behind things,while als discvering slutins t cmmn prblems"指作者寻找事情背后的原因，同时也在寻找常见问题的解决方案。故选D。
（13）C.考查动词及语境理解。A.claim声称；B.reserve预定；C.vercme克服；D.register注册。句意：自从第一次飞行以来，十三年过去了，我还没有克服人体飞行的困难。根据后文"the difficulty f physical human flight"指克服困难，应用vercme。故选C。
（14）B.考查名词及语境理解。A.prblem问题；B.failure失败；C.hnur荣誉；D.enterprise企业。句意：我五岁的时候会把那次碰撞看作是一次巨大的失败。根据上文"My five-year-ld self wuld have seen the crash"可知，作者五岁试图飞起来，结果失败了。故选B。
（15）C.考查动词及语境理解。A.recrd记录；B.draw画；C.fix解决；D.raise提升。句意：它继续推动我挑战自己去解决更复杂的问题，专注于工程的前景和适用性。根据下文"ever mre cmplex pblems"可知。此处表示作者挑战自己去解决更复杂的问题。故选C。
这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者五岁的时候试图飞起来，结果失败了，这次经历让作者对飞行的热情变成了对工程的深爱。作者开始在学术上挑战自己，试图解决影响现实世界的问题。作者也逐渐意识到五岁那次失败的经历让自己的好奇心得到了开发。
完形填空考查学生综合运用语言的能力。做题时，要先通读全文，掌握大意，然后结合选项，仔细阅读文章，选择最适合语境的词，注意上下文的呼应及语境。作出正确的选择。
36.【答案】【小题1】
a
【小题2】
millins
【小题3】
previusly
【小题4】
released
【小题5】
varius
【小题6】
seeking
【小题7】
at
【小题8】
that
【小题9】
is expected
【小题10】
assessment
【解析】1.
句意：这是第一个由非西方国家开发并得到世卫组织支持的疫苗。名词cuntry是单数形式，此处是泛指，且nn-western的读音是以辅音音素开头。故填a。
2.
millins f数百万的，是固定短语。故填millins。
3.
此处修饰动词apprved，应用副词作状语。故填previusly。
4.
句意：由于早期国际上发布的数据很少，中国各种疫苗的有效性长期以来一直不确定。此处是with复合结构，名词little data与动词release是被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填released。
5.
此处修饰名词Chinese vaccines，要用形容词作定语。故填varius。
6.
分析句子结构，此处是非谓语动词，名词cuntries与动词seek是主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填seeking。
7.
at risk处于风险之中，是固定短语。故填at。
8.
分析句子结构，句中It作形式主语，从句不缺少成分且句意完整，所以用连接词that引导主语从句，作真正主语。故填that。
9.
句意：预计几天内，中国将决定研发另一种中国疫苗，而俄罗斯的Sputnik疫苗正在评估中。结合句意可知，此处在讲述客观事实，句子用一般现在时，主语A decisin为单数形式，且与动词expect是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态。故填is expected。
10.
介词under后接名词形式，under assessment评估中，故填assessment。
37.【答案】【小题1】Dear Lucy,
Hw are yu getting alng？I'm writing t share with yu ur schl's art and culture festival.（写信目的）
Aimed at enriching ur life and creating a better campus atmsphere,the festival was held last Wednesday n schedule.（活动目的） The exhibitins f calligraphy and paintings were staged,allwing us t appreciate the charm f art. 【高分句型一】Besides,a series f perfrmances cvering flk sngs and traditinal dances left a deep impressin n us.（活动情况） Undubtedly,this event nt nly gives us an pprtunity t relax urselves but makes us mre expsed t traditinal Chinese culture.【高分句型二】（自己的感想）
D yu have similar activities in yur schl？Lking frward t yur reply!（表达期盼）
Yurs sincerely,
Li Hua
【小题2】略
【小题3】略
【解析】高分句型一
The exhibitins f calligraphy and paintings were staged,allwing us t appreciate the charm f art.
翻译：书画展览的举办让我们领略到艺术的魅力。
分析：句子里，现在分词短语allwing us t appreciate the charm f art作结果状语。
高分句型二
Undubtedly,this event nt nly gives us an pprtunity t relax urselves but makes us mre expsed t traditinal Chinese culture.
翻译：毫无疑问，这次活动不仅给了我们一个放松的机会，也让我们更多地接触到了中国传统文化。
分析：句子里，固定句式nt nly （als）...表示"不但而且"。
提纲作文在写作时要注意内容是否包含了所有要点。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次，平时需注意积累短语和重要句型。
38.【答案】It seemed t grw darker and darker,and I had n phne.Which way shuld I fllw？What if I culdn't find my way back？S anxius that I didn't dare t take a further step.【高分句型一】Watching the sun disappearing behind the trees,I decided t g back t the Giant Rck. "Stp, "I tld myself and I pictured the map again.T get t Giant Rck we had turned left nt the purple lp.T get back,I needed t d the ppsite.If this didn't wrk,I 'd d what my dad always tld me-stay ut,and let yur grup find yu.【高分句型二】S,I went back t the crssrad and waited.（天气越来越黑，作者找不到出路只能在原地等着）
I heard vices,smene calling. "Luke,where are yu？" That was my dad's vice. "Luke,Luke. " came my cusin's vices in a panic.Then I nticed the light f a flashlight nt far away.A surge f excitement tk hld f me.I shuted as I ran tward the directin f them.And then,there was the best sight I have never frgtten：my dad,and all my cusins! "Luke？Are yu OK" Dad's vice was urgent.I'd nly been lst fr minutes,but it had felt like frever.Nw all I wanted was a warm bear hug frm my family and t make tracks fr hme.（家人们成功的找到了作者）
【解析】本文讲述了作者和家人一起去参观巨石，没有导航只有地图的情况下，我们这一行人通过一条小路爬上山，找到了巨石。观赏之后开始归程，而返程路上作者因为观察小动物而跟丢了队伍。
高分句型一：S anxius that I didn't dare t take a further step.
翻译：我太着急了，不敢再走一步。
分析：本句使用了""的倒装句式。
高分句型二：If this didn't wrk,I 'd d what my dad always tld me-stay ut,and let yur grup find yu.
翻译：如果这不起作用，我会按照我爸爸一直告诉我的去做，让你的团队找到你。
分析：本句使用了if引导的条件状语从句。
解题方法点拨
（1）品读原文，确定文章线索
每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章的写作线索。如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等这样有利于考生"顺藤摸瓜（结尾）"。
（2）仔细审题，明确续写要求
一般短文后面的"注意"都有对此次短文续写的具体要求，如词数限制使用几处标有下划线的关键词语。续写段落的首句提示，这样考生可以做到"心中有数"。
（3）回扣原文，揣摩续写思路
根据文章后面的要求，再次快速阅读短文，抓住文章的思路结合段首的提示语最终确定续写段落的思路。同时结合文章画线词语提示，确定续写段落的内容。
（4）拟写草稿，修改错词病句
在确定了思路和内容之后，最关键的就是结合提示语或者文中画线的关键词拟写草稿。拟写时，注意句子结构的多样性，语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。