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高中北师大版 (2019)Unit 7 ArtLesson 1 Masterpieces获奖ppt课件
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这是一份高中北师大版 (2019)Unit 7 ArtLesson 1 Masterpieces获奖ppt课件，共60页。
UNIT 7 ARTLESSON 1 MASTERPIECES
LESSON 1 MASTERPIECES
ACTIVATE AND SHARE
1 What do you see in the following paintings? Use the phrases below to help you. Do you like them? What are the names of the three paintings?
a thin figure a lonely treea house lit by lights from inside
white and yellow circlesa sleeping village
an amazing sky a dark stormy sea
The Starry Night The Scream The Empire of Light
READ AND EXPLORE
2 Read the descriptions of the three paintings. Underline the name of each painting and its artist. Find out what each painting is about.
3 Read the three descriptions again. Use the diagram below to help you take notes. Then talk about each painting.
The Starry Night : The night sky with clouds，stars and a moon. What he saw from the window He thought it was a failure.
The Scream:A thin figure with an expression of fear. His experience of walking with friends
The Empire of Light:A beautiful house lit by lights from inside，surrounded by the darkness of night. His thoughts and ideas. The change between day and night in the paintngs was surprising.
4 Pair Work Sort the expressions into the correct columns. Use them to practise introducing the paintings.
3，6，10 1，2，4，9 5，7，8
5 Look at the three paintings and read the first paragraph of each description. Do they have anything in common? If so，underline the words and expressions in the descriptions that show their common features. Explain your opinions.
The words and expressions in the descriptions• the massive circles of white and yellow racing across the sky• a burning orange-red sky• a daytime sky full of brightness• a dark，lonely tree• a dark，stormy sea• the darkness of nightEach painting is focused on the artist’s interpretation of nature，especially the aspects of the sky. All three paintings paint the sky with bright colours and the darkness in each one manifests a typical feature.
6 What’s your opinion of the three paintings after reading the descriptions? Do you like or dislike them more? Give your reasons. 7 Group Work Suppose you are a volunteer at an art exhibition. Introduce one of the three paintings to the visitors.
FOCUS ON LANGUAGE:NOUN CLAUSES
8 Pair Work Read the sentences. Answer the questions. 1 Van Gogh painted what he saw from his window. 2 What makes it striking is that it shows a thin figure with an expression of fear. 3 What is strange is that above the house and the tree，we see a daytime sky full of brightness and soft white clouds. 4 Some feel that the paintings look dark and troubling. Which sentence is an example of： a a subject clause，or a noun clause that acts as the subject of the sentence b an object clause，or a noun clause that acts as the object of the sentence c a predicative clause，or a noun clause that acts as the predicative of the sentence
1 b 2 a & c 3 a & c 4 b
9 Combine the two expressions using a subject clause，an object clause or a predicative clause. Then write a complete sentence.
Example It is hard to believe Van Gogh only sold one painting during his lifetime It is hard to believe that Van Gogh only sold one painting during his lifetime.1 The reason why Magritte painted this way He wanted to challenge how people see the world2 Looking at the painting，we don’t know It is night or day3 The fact remains Munch’s The Scream is one of the best-known paintings ever made4 It is unclear Van Gogh wanted to paint yellow spots or that was what he really saw
It is unclear whether Van Gogh wanted to paint yellow spots or that was what he really saw.
The reason why Magritte painted this way was that he wanted to challenge how people see the world.
Looking at the painting，we don’t know whether it is night or day.
The fact remains that Munch’s The Scream is one of the best known paintings ever made.
10 Rewrite the underlined sentences in the following paragraph using noun clauses.
1 What made Xu Beihong important in modern Chinese art was that he developed the Tradition of combining poetry with painting. （主语从句、表语从句）2 The reason why he held several exhibitions in Asia and Europe was that he wanted to promote Chinese art.（表语从句）3 The reason why it is a favourite of many art lovers is that it was painted so skilfully with dark and light colours. （表语从句）
EXPRESS YOURSELF
11 Group Work Read the quotes. Discuss the features of good paintings. A man paints with his brain and not with his hands. —Michelangelo，an Italian painter Painting is silent poetry，and poetry is painting that speaks. —Simonides of Ceos，a Greek poet Good painting is like good cooking；it can be tasted ，but not explained. —Maurice de Vlaminck，a French painter
课文结构图解
课文结构图解
Ⅰ 阅读理解 （根据课文内容选择正确答案）1. What can’t be found in Van Gogh’s The Starry Night? A. Clouds. B. Circles. C. Stars. D. Bridges.2. According to the experts，what leads to Van Gogh’s unusual use of colour? A. His sense of sight. B. Drugs. C. His unusual talent. D. His life experience.3. In Edvard Munch’s opinion，what was the inspiration for him to create The Scream? A. A shocking disaster. B. One journey with his friends. C. His mental health. D. The beautiful scene in the country.4. Which of the following words can’t be used to describe The Empire of Light when people enjoy it? A. Dark. B. Troubling. C. Convincing. D. Calming.
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课堂整体阅读习题
课堂整体阅读习题
Ⅱ 语法填空（根据课文内容和语法规则完成短文） The Starry Night was painted by Van Gogh when he was 1 （mental） ill. He painted clouds，stars as well as the 2 （mass） circles of white and yellow 3 （race） across the sky. The Starry Night is now one of the world’s most famous 4 （painting）. What makes The Scream striking is that it shows a thin figure 5 an expression of fear. The figure 6 （set） on a bridge above a dark，7 （storm） sea. Many experts say the painting is connected to Munch’s mental health problems，8 caused him a lot of pain. The Empire of Light is a series of paintings by René Magritte. It shows a house 9 （light） by lights from inside，10 （surround） by the darkness of night. Viewers have different reactions towards the paintings.
mentally
massive
racing
paintings
with
is set
stormy
which
lit
surrounded
Language points
核心词汇教材原句 p.8 a thin figure 一个瘦弱的人形1 figure n. & vt.（1）n. 人像，人形；人物；人影；身材；（常用复数）数字；图形the figure in the background背景中的人物a historical figure 历史人物a leading/key/central figure 领军 / 关键 / 核心人物a tall figure in a hat 一个戴帽子的高个子人影have a good figure 身材好keep/lose one’s figure 保持身材 / 身材走样watch one’s figure 注意保持身材unemployment/sales/trade figures失业 / 销售 / 贸易数字a six-figure salary 六位数的薪水a five-sided figure 五边形
题组练·领悟方法
题组练·领悟方法
题组练·领悟方法
（2）vt. 认为，以为；计算 figure（that）... 认为……搭配 figure out 弄清楚；弄明白；计算出 figure in 把……算在内/ 包括在内I figure（that）Anna is a good girl. 我认为安娜是个好女孩。I can’t figure out why he refused the job offer.我不明白他为什么拒绝了这份工作邀请。Have you figured in the cost of the hotel?你把酒店的费用算进去了吗？
◆单句语法填空（1） Could you help me figure the difficult problem?（2） It is difficult to figure why she let out the information to our competitor.（3）We didn’t figure so many people at the party last night.◆写出下列句中figure 的含义（4） The latest figures show that women make up around 8% of the engineers in the UK. ________（5） Susan has a good figure and I envy her very much. ________ （6） Last night he saw two dark figures enter the building. ________（7） He is one of the most beloved public figures in China. ________（8） I figure that your father will be back before Mid-Autumn Festival. ________◆完成句子（9） If you don’t understand anything，you may research，study，and talk to other people until you （把它弄清楚）.
out
out
in
数字
身材
人影
人物
认为
figure it out
教材原句p.8 His unusual use of colour has led experts to think... 他对色彩的运用很不寻常致使专家们认为……2 lead sb to do sth 致使/ 引导某人做某事His actions lead us to distrust him. 他的行为使我们不相信他。I was led to think that he lied to me. 我被引导认为他对我撒了谎。【归纳拓展】lead to 引起，导致；通向，通往（to 是介词，后接名词、代词或动名词）lead sb in doing sth 带领某人做某事lead up to 是……的先导；是导致……的原因Eating too much sugar can lead to health problems. 吃太多糖会导致健康问题。They carefully studied those events leading up to the First World War.他们仔细地研究了导致第一次世界大战的那些事件。
◆单句语法填空（1） What was it that led you （think）that I had taken the money away?（2） Failure often lies in laziness while hard work （lead）to success.◆完成句子（3） She （带领她的团队研制）the anti-cancer drug.（4） Climate change is warming the oceans and melting polar ice， （导致） rises in sea levels.
to think
leads
led her team to develop/in developing
leading to
教材原句 p.8 ...Van Gogh’s mental illness may have affected his sense of sight. ……凡·高的精神疾病可能影响了他的视力。3 affect vt. 影响；（感情上）深深打动，使悲伤；（疾病）侵袭，使感染affect his sense of hearing 影响他的听力affect one’s heath/work/life 影响某人的健康 / 工作/生活be affected by heat/cold 中暑 / 着凉The crops were seriously affected by the bad weather. 庄稼受到了糟糕天气的严重影响。We were deeply affected by his story. 我们被他的故事深深打动了。His left lung was affected. 他的左肺被感染了。
◆词语积累effect n. 影响；结果；效应have an effect on（=affect）对……有影响in effect 实际上，事实上bring/put...into effect 使生效，实施take effect 开始起作用；生效，开始实施come into effect 生效，开始实施Smoking has a bad effect on health. 吸烟对健康有不好的影响。The new law takes effect from tomorrow. 新法令明日起生效。
◆单句语法填空（1）With the government’s aid，those （ affect） by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements.（2） If one wants to stay healthy，he should exercise instead of taking medicine，which actually （affect） people’s health.（3） Good books have had an effect me since my childhood.◆完成句子（4） All the students （深深感动）by his speech and were determined to study hard to serve our motherland. （5） These developments （对……有持久的影响）a child’s ability to learn and to succeed in school and life.（6） The medicine was starting to （ 起作用） and the pain eased.
affected
affects
on
were deeply affected
have a lasting effect on
take effect
教材原句p.8 He also took a drug that can make people see yellow spots... 他还服用过一种药物，可以让人看到黄色斑点……4 spot n. & vt.（1）n. （圆）点；斑点；污渍；地点，场所 on the spot 当场，马上；在现场 put sb on the spot（提出难题）使某人尴尬a black skirt with white spots 一条黑底白点的裙子a few spots of blood 一些血渍He answered the question on the spot. 他当场回答了那个问题。Reporters were on the spot within a few minutes.几分钟后记者就赶到了现场。The interviewer’s questions really put him on the spot.采访者的问题使他很下不来台。（
搭配
（2）vt. 发现；注意到；看出 spot sb doing sth 发现某人正在做某事搭配 spot that... 发现…… be spotted with 满是……斑点The teacher spotted him cheating in the examination.老师发现他考试作弊。His shirt was spotted with oil.他的衬衣上满是油点。【误区警示】spot 用作动词时，其过去式、过去分词均为 spotted。spotted 也可作形容词，意为“有花点的，有斑点的”。如：a spotted dog 一条斑点狗。
◆单句语法填空（1）We will go to Mount Tai，one of the most famous tourists （spot） in China.（2） The travellers finally spotted smoke （come） out of the houses in the distance， which made them very excited.（3） When the man was trying to break into the bank，he was caught by the police the spot.（4） Mira rather put the boss the spot by asking him when he was going to give us a pay rise.◆完成句子（5） He （ 被发现躺在）under the shade of a tree.（6） The police were （在现场）within a few minutes after the old man’s phone call.（7） When he was running in the rain，his shoes （满是……斑点）mud.
spots
coming
on
on
was spotted lying
on the spot
were spotted with
教材原句p.8 He also thought The Starry Night was a failure.他还认为《星空》是一幅失败的作品。5 failure n. ［C］失败的人或事物；［U］失败；故障；衰竭 end/result in failure 以失败告终搭配 admit/accept failure 承认/ 接受失败 failure to do sth 未能做某事He was a failure as a teacher. 他当教师并不成功。The whole thing was a complete failure. 整个事情彻底失败了。The launch ended in failure. 发射以失败告终。Bob was too proud to admit failure. 鲍勃很骄傲，不肯认输。a power failure 停电；电力故障Failure to keep the chemical at the right temperature could lead to an explosion. 这种化学品保存在不合适的温度下有可能会发生爆炸。
◆词语积累fail v. 失败；未做到；不及格；（健康、视力、记忆等）衰退fail to do sth 未能做某事 fail in sth 在某事中失败【学法点拨】failure 作“失败”讲时为抽象名词，是不可数名词，但作“失败的人或事物”讲时，是可数名词，这种用法叫抽象名词具体化。再如：a success 一个成功的人或一件成功的事，a surprise 一件令人惊奇的事，a pleasure 一件乐事，a pity 一件遗憾的事。
◆单句语法填空（1） The success or （fail）of the plan depends on you.（2） I don’t think the experiment is failure，because it has provided us with valuable experience for future tests.（3） Her failure （return） her phone call made her realise that something was wrong.（4） Alice failed （pass） the driving test last weekend.（5） I failed in （persuade） her to change her mind.◆完成句子（6）In the film，Jackson was considered to be （一个社会失败者）.（7） I don’t think I’m a failure, for （失败是成功之母）.
failure
a
to return
to pass
persuading
a social failure
failure is the mother of success
教材原句p.9 The Scream was painted by Edvard Munch in 1893.《呐喊》是爱德华·蒙克于1893 年创作的。6 scream n. & v.（1）n. 尖叫，尖叫声搭配：let out a scream发出尖叫声a scream of laughter/terror/rage/pain 欢笑/ 惊恐/ 愤怒/ 痛苦的尖叫声Why did she let out a scream of pain? 她为何发出了痛苦的尖叫声？（2）vi. & vt. 高声喊出scream in terror 吓得尖叫一声 scream with laughter 尖声欢笑scream with excitement 兴奋地喊叫 scream out her name 高声呼喊她的名字scream for help 高声呼救 scream at sb to go away 大声叫喊让某人走开a screaming baby 尖声哭叫的婴儿
◆单句语法填空（1）People scream fright，in anger and in sudden pain.（2） Little Johnson let out scream of excitement.（3） The students had their arms in the air and were screaming joy.（4） As soon as I saw Jane in the crowd，I screamed her name.◆完成句子（5） They （尖声欢笑）at her jokes.（6） He was having dinner when he heard someone （高声呼救）.
in
a
with
out
screamed with laughter
screaming for help
教材原句p.9 ...the gure’s mouth is wide open and letting out a powerful scream. ……这个人像的嘴巴大张，正发出强烈的尖叫声。7 let out 发出（叫声等）；放走，放掉；把（衣服）放宽，放大let out a scream of terror发出惊恐的尖叫声 let me out让我出去let out the bird 释放那只鸟 let the dress out 把衣服放大【归纳拓展】let alone 更不用说，更谈不上（用于否定句之后） let sb alone（=leave sb alone）不打扰某人let sb/sth in 允许……进入 let sth down 把某物放下来let sb down 使某人失望let...go（=let go of ...）放开，松手；放弃，摒弃（想法、态度或控制）I don’t want to let my parents down. 我不想让我的父母失望。Don’t let the rope go. = Don’t let go of the rope. 别松开绳子。
◆写出下列句中let out 的含义（1） The girl was frightened to see the snake and she let out a sharp cry. __________________ （2） Please let the bird out，Grandpa. __________________（3） He grows quickly，so his mother has to let out all his clothes. __________________ ◆单句语法填空（4） Henry got first prize in the exam，and he didn’t let his parents .（5） Let him ；your brother is going over his lessons for tomorrow’s test.（6）Would you mind me opening the window to let the fresh air ?（7） The baby can’t even sit up yet，let walk.
发出（叫声等）
放走，放掉
把（衣服）放宽，放大
down
alone
in
alone
教材原句 p.9 ...which caused him a lot of pain. ……这给他带来了很多痛苦。8 cause vt. & n.（1）vt. 导致，引起；使发生 cause sb sth（=cause sth to sb）给某人带来某事 cause sb/sth to do sth 导致某人/ 某物做某事Do they know what caused the fire?他们知道引起这场火灾的原因吗？deaths caused by dangerous driving 危险驾驶造成的死亡I’m afraid I’m causing you too much trouble.我担心会给你带来太多麻烦。The poor harvest caused prices to rise sharply.收成不好导致物价急剧上涨。
搭配
（2）n. 原因；事业；理由 cause and effect 因果关系搭配 the cause of... ……的原因 have（good） cause to do sth 有（充分的）理由做某事They are looking into the cause of the fire. 他们正在调查起火的原因。His father has good cause to be proud of him. 他的父亲有充分的理由为他感到骄傲。a good/common cause崇高的 / 共同的事业【词语辨析】cause，reason 与 excuse cause 指某事发生的原因，常与of 连用 reason 指做某事的原因、理由，常与for 连用 excuse 指为自己的行为所作的辩护或给出的借口、理由，常与for 连用
◆单句语法填空（1）Your behaviour caused a lot of trouble your family.（2）Greenhouse gases are widely believed to be causing the Earth’s atmosphere （heat）up.（3） It rained heavily in the south， （cause）serious flooding in several provinces.（4） Listening to loud music at rock concerts （cause）hearing loss in many teenagers in the past years.（5） The lack of eco-friendly habits among the public is thought to be a major cause global climate change.（6）The reason the disaster was engine failure，not human error.（7） What’s your excuse being late this time?◆完成句子（8） In effect，loss of sleep can make you look tired，and even （使你 增加体重）.（9） （因果关系）is one way to explain things that happen around us.
to
to heat
causing
has caused
of
for
for
cause you to gain weight
Cause and effect
教材原句 p.9 Between 1953 and 1954，he painted the same scene 27 times. 1953 年至 1954 年间，同样的场景他画了27 次。9 scene n. 景色，景象；（戏剧中的）一场；场景，场面；发生地点，现场 behind the scenes 秘密地，在幕后搭配 on the scene 到现场 at the scene 在现场a delightful rural scene赏心悦目的乡村景色scenes of everyday life日常生活的情景the scene of the accident/crime事故 / 犯罪现场Two policemen were on the scene within ten minutes.两名警察10 分钟内就到了现场。
【词语辨析】scene，scenery，view 与 sight 易混词 辨析 例句scene 是scenery 的一部分， We saw a happy scene of children playing in the park. 多包括其中的人物及 我们看到了孩子们在公园玩耍的快乐场景。 活动，是可数名词scenery 指某一地区的总的自然 They stopped at the top of the hill to admire the scenery. 景色，是不可数名词 他们在山顶上停了下来，欣赏风景。view 指从某个角度，尤其是 You will get a better view of the town from the top of the hill. 从远处或高处看到的景色 从山顶上你会看到更好的城镇景色。sight 指“风景，名胜”，常用 We visited the sights of Beijing. 复数形式，多指人文景观 我们参观了北京的名胜。
◆单句语法填空（1） I called the police and they were the scene within ten minutes.（2） If you had been the scene，what would you have dealt with the incident?（3） Mr Yang supported us behind the （ scene）.◆选词填空（scene/scenery/view/sight）（4）We spent a week in Rome looking at all the .（5） He photographed a wide range of street .（6） The beautiful in the mountain attracted all of us.（7） One of the advantages of living on the top floor of a high building is that you can get a good .（8） The seaside reminds me of many joyful of my vacation.（9） Switzerland is well-known for its impressive mountain .
on
at
scenes
sights
scenes
scenery
view
scenes
scenery
教材原句p.9 The Empire of Light has produced different reactions in viewers. 观看者对《灯之王国》的反应不同。10 reaction n. 反应 produce/bring a reaction 产生/ 带来一种反应搭配 a reaction to 对……的反应 in reaction to 作为对……的反应When it rains，plants have a reaction similar to panic. 当下雨时，植物有类似于恐慌的反应。What was his reaction to the news? 他对这个消息有何反应？A spokesman said the changes were not in reaction to the company’s recent losses. 一位发言人说，这些变动不是针对公司最近的损失而作出的反应。◆词语积累react vi. 作出反应；起化学反应 react to 对……作出反应（to 是介词）react against 反对，反抗 react with 与……起化学反应
◆单句语法填空（1） Most film directors can have a proper （react）to public opinion on their films.（2） Shock is a natural reaction such bad news.（3） Local residents have reacted angrily the news.（4） Children tend to react their parents by going against their wishes.（5） Iron reacts water and air to produce rust.（6） How do you react the paintings in the exhibition?
reaction
to
to
against
with
to
教材原句p.9 As for Magritte himself，he thought that the change between day and night in the paintings was surprising. 就马格利特本人而言，他认为画作中白天和黑夜之间的变化令人惊讶。11 as for 至于，就……而言As for Helen herself，love is the most important.就海伦本人而言，爱是最重要的。As for the cost，you don’t have to care about it.至于费用问题，你不必在意。【归纳拓展】“至于，关于”的多种表达：as for/to as regards in/with regard to in respect of with respect to
◆单句语法填空（1） You have a bed；as him，he’ll have to sleep on the floor.（2） for you，I never want to see you here again.（3） There is no problem regards the financial arrangements.（4） In respect your request，I am not able to agree.（5） respect to your other proposals，I am not yet able to tell you our decision.
for/to
As
as
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教材原句 p.10 Do they have anything in common? 它们有任何共同点吗？12 have...in common（with）（与……）有……共同之处have 的宾语通常有以下几种形式：have much/a lot in common （with）（与……）有许多共同之处have something/little/nothing in common（with）（与……）有一些/ 几乎没有/ 没有共同之处Helen has a lot in common with Susan. 海伦与苏珊有很多共同之处。They have little in common，but they get along well with each other.他们几乎没有共同之处，但他们彼此相处得很好。【归纳拓展】in common with 与……一样 have something/nothing to do with 与……有关/ 无关Martin，in common with most people，believed that the story was true.马丁和大多数人一样，相信这个故事是真实的。In the evening he likes to read books that have nothing to do with his work. 在晚上，他喜欢读与工作无关的书。
◆单句语法填空（1） My views have a lot in common hers.（2） They refuse to communicate because they simply don’t have much common.（3） In common his brother，her Tom is into playing basketball.◆完成句子（4） 我和蒂姆毫无共同之处。 Tim and I________________________ . =I____________________________ Tim.（5） I think my job （和你无关），so you’d better keep silent.
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重点句式教材原句p.8 ...Van Gogh’s mental illness may have affected his sense of sight. ……凡·高的精神疾病可能影响了他的视力。【句式分析】句中的may have affected是对过去情况的不肯定推测，may 也可换成might，主要用于肯定句和否定句中。1 may/might have done 可能做过某事He may have forgotten the party. 他可能忘了这次聚会。Lucy might have gone to China. 露西可能已经去了中国。He may not have finished the work，because the light is still on in his office. 他或许还没有完成工作，因为他办公室里的灯还亮着。【归纳拓展】（1） 其他“情态动词+ have done”表示推测的情况：must have done 表示对过去情况的肯定推测，只用于肯定句中；can/could have done 表示推测时，常用于否定句和疑问句中。Peter looks excited. He must have passed the examination. 彼得看起来很兴奋。他一定通过了考试。Where could you have put the key? 你能把钥匙放在哪里呢？
（2）“情态动词+have done”表示“本来……而实际上……”。could have done 过去本来能够做某事而实际上未做might have done 本来可能做某事而实际上未做（其程度比could 小）needn’t have done 本来没必要做某事而实际上做了should/ought to have done 本来应该做某事而实际上未做You could have won first prize in this competition，but you were too nervous. 你本来能在这次竞赛中获得第一名的，但你太紧张了。As it turned out to be a small house party，we needn’t have dressed up so formally. 结果只是个小型的家庭聚会，我们本没必要穿得那么正式。There was much fun at yesterday’s party. You ought to have come，but why didn’t you? 昨天的宴会很有趣。你本应该来的，但你为什么没来呢？
◆用适当的情态动词填空（1） Alice looks very happy. She have passed the driving test.（2） He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he have expressed it differently.（3） He have left his cellphone at home，but I am not sure.（4） — I didn’t watch the final match for the World Cup between Italy and France. — You have watched it. It was so wonderful.◆完成句子（5） Mr Smith （不可能去了）to Beijing，for I saw him in the library just now.（6） You （本应该到达）there on time，but you were late again.（7） —What has happened to George? — I don’t know. He （ 可能受伤了） in a traffic accident.（8） You （本不需要买）so much wine—only five people came.（9） She （本可能算出）the maths problem，if you had given her more time.
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教材原句p.9 It shows a beautiful house lit by lights from inside，surrounded by the darkness of night. 画中有一座美丽的房子，房子里面被光照亮，外面被夜晚的黑暗包围。【句式分析】本句中的 lit by... 以及 surrounded by... 是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词house。2 过去分词短语作定语（1）单个的过去分词作定语时，常放在被修饰词之前；过去分词短语作定语时，常放在被修饰 词之后。 the polluted water 被污染的水 the proposal put forward at the meeting在会议上提出来的那个建议（2）及物动词的过去分词作定语，表示被动和完成；不及物动词的过去分词作定语，不表示被 动，只表示完成。 ① 表示被动和完成。 a furnished room 有家具的房间 cooked food 熟食 ② 不表示被动，只表示完成。a retired teacher退休教师 the fallen leaves落叶 ③ 过去分词短语作后置定语时，相当于一个定语从句。 I have read the book written （=that/which is written） by J.K. Rowling. 我读过J. K. 罗琳写的那本书。 She likes the painting very much，painted（=which was painted）byXu Beihong. 她很喜欢徐悲鸿画的那幅画。
◆单句语法填空（1） They are cleaning the （fall）leaves in the yard.（2） All the （damage）tools will be fully repaired.（3） The book （write）by Mo Yan is popular with us students.（4） As a child，I lived in a yard （surround）by tall trees.（5）The exhibition （hold）by the three young artists is a success.（6） The products （produce） by his company are of high quality.◆完成句子（7） 昨天举行的会议非常重要。 The meeting is of great importance. （过去分词） =The meeting is of great importance. （定语从句）
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教材原句 p.11 It is hard to believe that Van Gogh only sold one painting during his lifetime. 很难相信凡·高在有生之年仅仅卖出了一幅画。3 It is+adj. + to do sth.该句式中it 作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式短语。It’s impossible to get there within one hour. 一个小时之内到达那里是不可能的。【归纳拓展】it 作形式主语时，真正的主语可以是不定式、动名词或从句。常见的it 作形式主语的句式：（1） It is + adj. /n. + to do sth. 做某事是……（2） It is + adj. + for/of sb to do sth. 做某事对于某人来说是……的。（3） It is no use/no good/a waste of time doing sth. 做某事是没有用的/ 没有好处的/ 浪费时间的。（4） It is + adj. /n. + 从句. ……是……（5） It is said/reported/believed that... 据说/ 据报道/ 人们认为……
It is our duty to defend our motherland. 保卫祖国是我们的职责。It is no use crying for your mistakes. 为你的错误哭泣是没有用的。It is a great pity that you missed the football match. 你错过了那场足球赛，真是太遗憾了。It is said that she lived to be over 100. 据说她活了100 多岁。【学法点拨】① “It is + adj. +for sb to do sth.” 中的形容词表示事物或行为的特点或性质，如good，easy， difficult，possible，necessary 等。 It is important for you to study English well. 学好英语对你来说很重要。②“It is + adj. +of sb to do sth.”中的形容词表示人的品格或特点，如kind，polite，impolite， rude，foolish 等。 It is too impolite of you to speak to the teacher like this. 你这样对老师说话太没有礼貌了。
◆单句语法填空（1） is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been poorly studied...（2） It is good for people （go）for a walk after supper.（3） It was thoughtful her to come to see me when I was ill.（4） It is important us to get plenty of exercise.（5） It is clear the chosen pattern is not the correct one.（6） It is uncertain he can attend this conference or not.（7） It is obvious the manager is satisfied with the result.（8） It is not clear the company will do to improve the sales.（9） It is no use （argue）with Bill because he will never change his mind.（10）It was reported several people had been arrested.
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◆完成句子（11）你不能来参加联欢会，真是太遗憾了。 you can’t come to the get-together.（12）在这么短的时间内完成这个项目不容易。 the project in such a short time.
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单元语法 名词性从句1 名词性从句概述在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。四种从句有下列相同之处： （1）连接词大抵相同。 连词：that，whether，if 等连接代词：who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever，whatever， whichever 等连接副词：when，where，why，how，whenever，wherever，however 等（2）从句需用陈述语序。
（3）从句一般不用逗号与主句分开。That colours influence our moods has been proved.颜色能影响我们的情绪已经得到了证明。（主语从句）What they are looking for is their missing dog.他们正在寻找的是他们失踪的狗。（主语从句）He said that he had already known the news.他说他已经知道这个消息了。（宾语从句）This school is where my mother worked forty years ago.这所学校是我母亲40 年前工作过的地方。（表语从句）There is no doubt that human activity has caused global warming.毫无疑问人类活动已经引起了全球变暖。（同位语从句）I have no idea what is happening outside.我不知道外面正在发生什么事。（同位语从句）
◆单句语法填空（1） Sometimes， we show our gratitude to a person is reflected in the kind of food we serve him or her.（2） After a day’s exhausting climb we arrived at we had been told was Garden in the Air．（3） The problem is sometimes when we are given something on a constant basis， we start to take it for granted and forget to be thankful for what we already have．（4） People began looking across to see the noise was coming from.（5） They are discussing the problem they should stop investing money in that project.（6） we used to see as something impossible is now becoming a reality.（7） The problem is we can improve our reading skills in such a short time.（8） was responsible for the accident is not yet clear.
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2 主语从句（ 1）从属连词 that 在主语从句中不作任何成分，也没有实际意义，只起连接作用，但不能省略。That the famous singer didn’t appear made his fans very disappointed.那位著名的歌手没有出现，这使他的粉丝们非常失望。（2）从属连词whether 在主语从句中不作任何成分，只起连接作用，意为“是否”。Whether he will attend the party hasn’t been decided. 他是否会参加聚会还没决定。（ 3）连接代词 who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever 等在从句中常作主语、宾语、表语或定语，起连接作用且有实际意义。What interested her most was its unique colour. 最让她感兴趣的是它独特的颜色。（4）连接副词when，where，why，how 等在从句中常作状语，起连接作用且有实际意义。How they managed to finish the task is unknown to me.我不知道他们是怎样设法完成这项任务的。
（ 5）当主语从句太长时，为了平衡句子结构，经常用 it 作形式主语置于句首，而将主语从句后置。常见的it 作形式主语的句式：① It + be + 形容词+ 主语从句. 常用于这种句式的形容词有important（重要的），necessary（必要的），right（正确的），wrong（错误的），strange（奇怪的），likely（可能的），unlikely（不可能的），certain（明确的），clear（清楚的），obvious（明显的），natural（自然的）等。It is obvious that the owner of the coffee shop is waiting for him to leave. 很明显，咖啡馆的主人正在等着他离开。② It + be + 名词+ 主语从句. 常用于这种句式的名词有a pity（遗憾），a shame（遗憾；耻辱），a fact（事实），an honour（荣誉），a wonder（ 奇迹）等。It is a great pity that you can’t go to the party with us.你不能和我们一起去那个聚会真是太遗憾了。③ It + be + 过去分词+ that 从句. 常用于这种句式的过去分词有said，believed，reported，hoped，decided，suggested/advised，ordered，thought，announced/declared 等。It is said that the boy has a great gift for languages.据说这个男孩在语言方面很有天赋。④ It + 不及物动词（短语）+ 主语从句. 常用于这种句式的不及物动词（短语）有seem，appear，happen，turn out 等。It seemed that he didn’t care about fame and money.他似乎不在乎名利。
◆单句语法填空（1） he won the first gold medal in the Second Youth Olympic Games made us excited.（2） there are living creatures in outer space as those on Earth hasn’t been proved until now.（3） city will host the next Asian Games is under discussion.（4） the sports meet will be held tomorrow mainly depends on the weather.（5） the famous singer offered her fans were love and kindness.（6） we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.（7） Li Bai，a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public，but some won’t accept it.（8） the manager will come back is unknown，but I will check the time later.
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（9） will take the place of Mr Yang is still unknown.（10） is known to us all is that Zhang Weili successfully defended her title in the match.（11）Suddenly it occurred to me difficult it was for a single father to bring up five children on his own.（12）It is a great pity you had no time to visit the Forbidden City while you were in Beijing.（13）It is by no means clear the local government will do to solve the problem.（14）It is obvious the coach was satisfied with the result of the match.（15）It is likely they will arrive in Beijing this weekend.
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3 宾语从句（1）动词（短语）后的宾语从句大多数动词后可以接宾语从句，有些动词短语如find out，point out，work out，turn out，make sure，keep in mind 等后也可以接宾语从句。I just wonder how he got the important information.我只是想知道他是怎样得到这个重要信息的。Have you found out when the next train to Beijing will leave?你弄明白下一趟去北京的火车什么时候会离开了吗？（2）介词后的宾语从句介词后多用wh- 类连接词引导宾语从句，但介词except，but 后可接that 引导的宾语从句。We are talking about whether we will take part in the contest.我们正在讨论是否会参加比赛。I know nothing about him except that he is a teacher.除了知道他是一位老师外，我对他一无所知。（3）形容词后的宾语从句某些形容词如sure，certain，glad，pleased，happy，afraid，surprised，satisfied，sorry 等后可接宾语从句。I am sorry that I can’t meet you at the station this afternoon.我很遗憾今天下午不能去车站接你。
（4）it 作形式宾语而将宾语从句后置的情形如果宾语后还有宾语补足语，常用it 作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。这种结构中的that 不可省略。常用的句型有：①主语+find/feel/think/believe/consider/make + it + adj./n.+ that 从句The Internet makes it possible that we can work from home. 因特网使我们在家里工作成为可能。I have made it a rule that I keep diaries. 写日记成了我的一个惯例。②动词短语see to/rely on/depend on... + it + that 从句Can you see to it that the fax goes this afternoon? 你能保证今天下午就把传真发出去吗？You may depend on it that I shall keep my word. 你可以相信我，我会守信用的。③喜好类动词hate/like/love/dislike/appreciate... + it + when/if 从句I like it when it is sunny. 我喜欢晴朗的天气。I would appreciate it if you lend me a hand. 如果你能帮我一把，我将不胜感激。
（5）使用宾语从句时的注意事项①that 引导宾语从句时不可省略的情形： A 宾语从句和主句之间有插入语时。 We don’t doubt，in any case，that he keeps his promise. 我们相信在任何情况下他都遵守自己的诺言。 B 当有两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，第一个that 可以省略，但后面的that 不能省略。 Scientists find（that） the number of wild goats has increased and that a new species has appeared. 科学家们发现野山羊的数目增加了，而且还出现了一个新种群。②一般情况下介词后只能用wh- 类连接词引导宾语从句。介词后的宾语从句连接词表示“是否” 时，用whether，不用if。 There has been no news about whether they have finished their work. 没有关于他们是否完成了工作的消息。
◆单句语法填空（1） She asked me I had returned the books to the library，and I admitted _________ I hadn’t. （2） The organisers promise wins first prize a chance to go abroad.（3） The ninety-year-old mother did she could to save her son.（4） Mrs Taylor went around the shops，ordering she thought was necessary.（5） My experience tells me it’s not what you are given but how you make use of it that determines who you are.（6） Her parents were proud of Jane had done at school.（7） Johnson never forgets he comes from，so he has done a lot for his hometown.（8） Scientists say they have unearthed details of the dinosaurs disappeared 65 million years ago. （9） They are very pleased Professor Li and his wife are visiting their city next week.（10）He was told the party would begin，but he forgot about the exact time.
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（11）No one knows for sure the life will be like in 100 years.（12）I think it necessary we drink plenty of water every day.（13）I have made it a rule I read something before going to bed every night.（14）I took it for granted Zhang Han would be sent to study abroad.（15）I dislike it I am disturbed by someone.（16）We would appreciate it you could give us some advice on how to solve the problem.（17）I believe you have done your best and things will get better.◆完成句子（18）Three months later，they arrived in （被称为） India.（19）I think it necessary （你多注意）your pronunciation.（20）We should believe in what we do and （我们是谁）if we are to succeed.
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4 表语从句（1）表语从句通常放在连系动词 be，seem，look，appear，sound， taste，feel，remain 等后面，构成“主语+ 连系动词+ 表语从句”句式。The problem is that so many people don’t have enough water to drink in Africa. 问题是在非洲有那么多的人没有足够的水喝。The point is whether we should lend him the money.关键在于我们是否应该借钱给他。The most exciting moment was when I won first place in the exam.最激动人心的时刻是我在考试中得第一名的时候。The black clouds are gathering. It looks as if it is going to rain.乌云密布，看起来天要下雨了。
（2）使用表语从句时的注意事项在It/This/That is because/why... 句式中，because 后接原因，why 后接结果。当主句的主语是the reason 时，后面的表语从句用that 引导。He didn’t go by bike with me. That’s because there was something wrong with his bike. 他没和我一起骑自行车去，那是因为他的自行车坏了。（前果后因）His right foot was injured. That’s why he had to drop out of the match.他的右脚受了伤，这就是他不得不退出比赛的原因。（前因后果）The reason why he wasn’t chosen captain of the team was that he lacked the spirit of teamwork. 他没有被选中当队长是因为他缺乏团队精神。
◆单句语法填空（1） The reality is the majority of the relationships we experience throughout our lives are actually non-romantic.（2） The nearby Quebec village of St Pamphile is they shop，eat and go to church.（3） However，most of the universe is we think of as empty space.（4） One of the most unforgettable moments in my life was my daughter was born.（5） It is reported that a huge percentage of bird species are in danger. It’s their habitats or homelands are disappearing.（6） Mary is a humorous and warm-hearted woman and that is she is a most popular person in her community.（7） The real reason why I don’t have a hobby is I don’t have time.
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5 同位语从句在句子中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。它一般放在某些名词的后面，用于解释说明前面名词的具体内容。（1）常接同位语从句的名词 belief 信念 fact 事实 doubt 怀疑 explanation 解释 hope 希望 idea 主意 wish 愿望 dream梦想 news 消息 truth 事实 possibility 可能性 statement 论断 thought 想法 promise 承诺 question/problem 问题 suggestion 建议 order 命令 fear 恐惧 warning 警告（2）不同连接词引导的同位语从句① that 引导同位语从句时在从句中不作任何成分，只起连接作用，不可省略。The news excited us that our football team won the game.我们的足球队赢得比赛的消息使我们激动。There is no possibility that he can finish the task on time.他不可能按时完成这项工作。② whether 引导同位语从句时不充当句子成分，表示“是否”，不可以用if 替换。We have some doubt whether they can complete the task on time.我们怀疑他们是否能按时完成任务。
③连接代词who，what，which 引导同位语从句时，既起连接作用，又在从句中作主语、宾语等。The question who will take over the company requires careful consideration. 谁将接管公司这个问题需要仔细考虑。④连接副词when，where，why，how 引导同位语从句时，既起连接作用，又在从句中作状语等。I have no idea why he refused the job offer from that company.我不知道他为什么拒绝了来自那家公司的工作邀请。【误区警示】that 引导同位语从句与引导定语从句的区别（1） that 引导同位语从句时，在从句中不充当任何句子成分，但不能省略。（2） that 引导定语从句时，既起引导词的作用，又在从句中作主语、宾语等，在定语从句中作宾语时that 常可省略，先行词指物时可用which 替换。Do you believe the news that Peter was missing? （同位语从句）你相信彼得失踪了这个消息吗？Do you believe the news that（=which） he told you? （定语从句）你相信他告诉你的这个消息吗？
◆单句语法填空（1） The news we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true.（2） The notice came around two in the afternoon the meeting would be put off.（3） The question should do the work requires consideration.（4） My question I shall get in touch with him has not been answered.（5）We haven’t solved the problem we are going to spend our summer vacation this year.（6） The news we won the game pleased us all.（7） There is solid evidence sitting for a long time does harm to our health.（8） Many scholars share the belief interest is as vital to learning as the ability to understand.（9） Do I have your promise you won’t tell anyone about this?
that
that
who
how
where
that
that
that
that
（10）The question was put forward we had the ability to face the crisis.（11）Mr Wu and I did not know each other，and I had no idea he invited me for lunch.（12）He gave an answer he knew nothing about the accident.（13）The question the gas is harmful to people’s health is not clear.（14）Is there any possibility you could pick me up from the station?
whether
why
that
whether
that
Thank you.
UNIT 7 ARTLESSON 1 MASTERPIECES
LESSON 1 MASTERPIECES
ACTIVATE AND SHARE
1 What do you see in the following paintings? Use the phrases below to help you. Do you like them? What are the names of the three paintings?
a thin figure a lonely treea house lit by lights from inside
white and yellow circlesa sleeping village
an amazing sky a dark stormy sea
The Starry Night The Scream The Empire of Light
READ AND EXPLORE
2 Read the descriptions of the three paintings. Underline the name of each painting and its artist. Find out what each painting is about.
3 Read the three descriptions again. Use the diagram below to help you take notes. Then talk about each painting.
The Starry Night : The night sky with clouds，stars and a moon. What he saw from the window He thought it was a failure.
The Scream:A thin figure with an expression of fear. His experience of walking with friends
The Empire of Light:A beautiful house lit by lights from inside，surrounded by the darkness of night. His thoughts and ideas. The change between day and night in the paintngs was surprising.
4 Pair Work Sort the expressions into the correct columns. Use them to practise introducing the paintings.
3，6，10 1，2，4，9 5，7，8
5 Look at the three paintings and read the first paragraph of each description. Do they have anything in common? If so，underline the words and expressions in the descriptions that show their common features. Explain your opinions.
The words and expressions in the descriptions• the massive circles of white and yellow racing across the sky• a burning orange-red sky• a daytime sky full of brightness• a dark，lonely tree• a dark，stormy sea• the darkness of nightEach painting is focused on the artist’s interpretation of nature，especially the aspects of the sky. All three paintings paint the sky with bright colours and the darkness in each one manifests a typical feature.
6 What’s your opinion of the three paintings after reading the descriptions? Do you like or dislike them more? Give your reasons. 7 Group Work Suppose you are a volunteer at an art exhibition. Introduce one of the three paintings to the visitors.
FOCUS ON LANGUAGE:NOUN CLAUSES
8 Pair Work Read the sentences. Answer the questions. 1 Van Gogh painted what he saw from his window. 2 What makes it striking is that it shows a thin figure with an expression of fear. 3 What is strange is that above the house and the tree，we see a daytime sky full of brightness and soft white clouds. 4 Some feel that the paintings look dark and troubling. Which sentence is an example of： a a subject clause，or a noun clause that acts as the subject of the sentence b an object clause，or a noun clause that acts as the object of the sentence c a predicative clause，or a noun clause that acts as the predicative of the sentence
1 b 2 a & c 3 a & c 4 b
9 Combine the two expressions using a subject clause，an object clause or a predicative clause. Then write a complete sentence.
Example It is hard to believe Van Gogh only sold one painting during his lifetime It is hard to believe that Van Gogh only sold one painting during his lifetime.1 The reason why Magritte painted this way He wanted to challenge how people see the world2 Looking at the painting，we don’t know It is night or day3 The fact remains Munch’s The Scream is one of the best-known paintings ever made4 It is unclear Van Gogh wanted to paint yellow spots or that was what he really saw
It is unclear whether Van Gogh wanted to paint yellow spots or that was what he really saw.
The reason why Magritte painted this way was that he wanted to challenge how people see the world.
Looking at the painting，we don’t know whether it is night or day.
The fact remains that Munch’s The Scream is one of the best known paintings ever made.
10 Rewrite the underlined sentences in the following paragraph using noun clauses.
1 What made Xu Beihong important in modern Chinese art was that he developed the Tradition of combining poetry with painting. （主语从句、表语从句）2 The reason why he held several exhibitions in Asia and Europe was that he wanted to promote Chinese art.（表语从句）3 The reason why it is a favourite of many art lovers is that it was painted so skilfully with dark and light colours. （表语从句）
EXPRESS YOURSELF
11 Group Work Read the quotes. Discuss the features of good paintings. A man paints with his brain and not with his hands. —Michelangelo，an Italian painter Painting is silent poetry，and poetry is painting that speaks. —Simonides of Ceos，a Greek poet Good painting is like good cooking；it can be tasted ，but not explained. —Maurice de Vlaminck，a French painter
课文结构图解
课文结构图解
Ⅰ 阅读理解 （根据课文内容选择正确答案）1. What can’t be found in Van Gogh’s The Starry Night? A. Clouds. B. Circles. C. Stars. D. Bridges.2. According to the experts，what leads to Van Gogh’s unusual use of colour? A. His sense of sight. B. Drugs. C. His unusual talent. D. His life experience.3. In Edvard Munch’s opinion，what was the inspiration for him to create The Scream? A. A shocking disaster. B. One journey with his friends. C. His mental health. D. The beautiful scene in the country.4. Which of the following words can’t be used to describe The Empire of Light when people enjoy it? A. Dark. B. Troubling. C. Convincing. D. Calming.
○
○
○
○
课堂整体阅读习题
课堂整体阅读习题
Ⅱ 语法填空（根据课文内容和语法规则完成短文） The Starry Night was painted by Van Gogh when he was 1 （mental） ill. He painted clouds，stars as well as the 2 （mass） circles of white and yellow 3 （race） across the sky. The Starry Night is now one of the world’s most famous 4 （painting）. What makes The Scream striking is that it shows a thin figure 5 an expression of fear. The figure 6 （set） on a bridge above a dark，7 （storm） sea. Many experts say the painting is connected to Munch’s mental health problems，8 caused him a lot of pain. The Empire of Light is a series of paintings by René Magritte. It shows a house 9 （light） by lights from inside，10 （surround） by the darkness of night. Viewers have different reactions towards the paintings.
mentally
massive
racing
paintings
with
is set
stormy
which
lit
surrounded
Language points
核心词汇教材原句 p.8 a thin figure 一个瘦弱的人形1 figure n. & vt.（1）n. 人像，人形；人物；人影；身材；（常用复数）数字；图形the figure in the background背景中的人物a historical figure 历史人物a leading/key/central figure 领军 / 关键 / 核心人物a tall figure in a hat 一个戴帽子的高个子人影have a good figure 身材好keep/lose one’s figure 保持身材 / 身材走样watch one’s figure 注意保持身材unemployment/sales/trade figures失业 / 销售 / 贸易数字a six-figure salary 六位数的薪水a five-sided figure 五边形
题组练·领悟方法
题组练·领悟方法
题组练·领悟方法
（2）vt. 认为，以为；计算 figure（that）... 认为……搭配 figure out 弄清楚；弄明白；计算出 figure in 把……算在内/ 包括在内I figure（that）Anna is a good girl. 我认为安娜是个好女孩。I can’t figure out why he refused the job offer.我不明白他为什么拒绝了这份工作邀请。Have you figured in the cost of the hotel?你把酒店的费用算进去了吗？
◆单句语法填空（1） Could you help me figure the difficult problem?（2） It is difficult to figure why she let out the information to our competitor.（3）We didn’t figure so many people at the party last night.◆写出下列句中figure 的含义（4） The latest figures show that women make up around 8% of the engineers in the UK. ________（5） Susan has a good figure and I envy her very much. ________ （6） Last night he saw two dark figures enter the building. ________（7） He is one of the most beloved public figures in China. ________（8） I figure that your father will be back before Mid-Autumn Festival. ________◆完成句子（9） If you don’t understand anything，you may research，study，and talk to other people until you （把它弄清楚）.
out
out
in
数字
身材
人影
人物
认为
figure it out
教材原句p.8 His unusual use of colour has led experts to think... 他对色彩的运用很不寻常致使专家们认为……2 lead sb to do sth 致使/ 引导某人做某事His actions lead us to distrust him. 他的行为使我们不相信他。I was led to think that he lied to me. 我被引导认为他对我撒了谎。【归纳拓展】lead to 引起，导致；通向，通往（to 是介词，后接名词、代词或动名词）lead sb in doing sth 带领某人做某事lead up to 是……的先导；是导致……的原因Eating too much sugar can lead to health problems. 吃太多糖会导致健康问题。They carefully studied those events leading up to the First World War.他们仔细地研究了导致第一次世界大战的那些事件。
◆单句语法填空（1） What was it that led you （think）that I had taken the money away?（2） Failure often lies in laziness while hard work （lead）to success.◆完成句子（3） She （带领她的团队研制）the anti-cancer drug.（4） Climate change is warming the oceans and melting polar ice， （导致） rises in sea levels.
to think
leads
led her team to develop/in developing
leading to
教材原句 p.8 ...Van Gogh’s mental illness may have affected his sense of sight. ……凡·高的精神疾病可能影响了他的视力。3 affect vt. 影响；（感情上）深深打动，使悲伤；（疾病）侵袭，使感染affect his sense of hearing 影响他的听力affect one’s heath/work/life 影响某人的健康 / 工作/生活be affected by heat/cold 中暑 / 着凉The crops were seriously affected by the bad weather. 庄稼受到了糟糕天气的严重影响。We were deeply affected by his story. 我们被他的故事深深打动了。His left lung was affected. 他的左肺被感染了。
◆词语积累effect n. 影响；结果；效应have an effect on（=affect）对……有影响in effect 实际上，事实上bring/put...into effect 使生效，实施take effect 开始起作用；生效，开始实施come into effect 生效，开始实施Smoking has a bad effect on health. 吸烟对健康有不好的影响。The new law takes effect from tomorrow. 新法令明日起生效。
◆单句语法填空（1）With the government’s aid，those （ affect） by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements.（2） If one wants to stay healthy，he should exercise instead of taking medicine，which actually （affect） people’s health.（3） Good books have had an effect me since my childhood.◆完成句子（4） All the students （深深感动）by his speech and were determined to study hard to serve our motherland. （5） These developments （对……有持久的影响）a child’s ability to learn and to succeed in school and life.（6） The medicine was starting to （ 起作用） and the pain eased.
affected
affects
on
were deeply affected
have a lasting effect on
take effect
教材原句p.8 He also took a drug that can make people see yellow spots... 他还服用过一种药物，可以让人看到黄色斑点……4 spot n. & vt.（1）n. （圆）点；斑点；污渍；地点，场所 on the spot 当场，马上；在现场 put sb on the spot（提出难题）使某人尴尬a black skirt with white spots 一条黑底白点的裙子a few spots of blood 一些血渍He answered the question on the spot. 他当场回答了那个问题。Reporters were on the spot within a few minutes.几分钟后记者就赶到了现场。The interviewer’s questions really put him on the spot.采访者的问题使他很下不来台。（
搭配
（2）vt. 发现；注意到；看出 spot sb doing sth 发现某人正在做某事搭配 spot that... 发现…… be spotted with 满是……斑点The teacher spotted him cheating in the examination.老师发现他考试作弊。His shirt was spotted with oil.他的衬衣上满是油点。【误区警示】spot 用作动词时，其过去式、过去分词均为 spotted。spotted 也可作形容词，意为“有花点的，有斑点的”。如：a spotted dog 一条斑点狗。
◆单句语法填空（1）We will go to Mount Tai，one of the most famous tourists （spot） in China.（2） The travellers finally spotted smoke （come） out of the houses in the distance， which made them very excited.（3） When the man was trying to break into the bank，he was caught by the police the spot.（4） Mira rather put the boss the spot by asking him when he was going to give us a pay rise.◆完成句子（5） He （ 被发现躺在）under the shade of a tree.（6） The police were （在现场）within a few minutes after the old man’s phone call.（7） When he was running in the rain，his shoes （满是……斑点）mud.
spots
coming
on
on
was spotted lying
on the spot
were spotted with
教材原句p.8 He also thought The Starry Night was a failure.他还认为《星空》是一幅失败的作品。5 failure n. ［C］失败的人或事物；［U］失败；故障；衰竭 end/result in failure 以失败告终搭配 admit/accept failure 承认/ 接受失败 failure to do sth 未能做某事He was a failure as a teacher. 他当教师并不成功。The whole thing was a complete failure. 整个事情彻底失败了。The launch ended in failure. 发射以失败告终。Bob was too proud to admit failure. 鲍勃很骄傲，不肯认输。a power failure 停电；电力故障Failure to keep the chemical at the right temperature could lead to an explosion. 这种化学品保存在不合适的温度下有可能会发生爆炸。
◆词语积累fail v. 失败；未做到；不及格；（健康、视力、记忆等）衰退fail to do sth 未能做某事 fail in sth 在某事中失败【学法点拨】failure 作“失败”讲时为抽象名词，是不可数名词，但作“失败的人或事物”讲时，是可数名词，这种用法叫抽象名词具体化。再如：a success 一个成功的人或一件成功的事，a surprise 一件令人惊奇的事，a pleasure 一件乐事，a pity 一件遗憾的事。
◆单句语法填空（1） The success or （fail）of the plan depends on you.（2） I don’t think the experiment is failure，because it has provided us with valuable experience for future tests.（3） Her failure （return） her phone call made her realise that something was wrong.（4） Alice failed （pass） the driving test last weekend.（5） I failed in （persuade） her to change her mind.◆完成句子（6）In the film，Jackson was considered to be （一个社会失败者）.（7） I don’t think I’m a failure, for （失败是成功之母）.
failure
a
to return
to pass
persuading
a social failure
failure is the mother of success
教材原句p.9 The Scream was painted by Edvard Munch in 1893.《呐喊》是爱德华·蒙克于1893 年创作的。6 scream n. & v.（1）n. 尖叫，尖叫声搭配：let out a scream发出尖叫声a scream of laughter/terror/rage/pain 欢笑/ 惊恐/ 愤怒/ 痛苦的尖叫声Why did she let out a scream of pain? 她为何发出了痛苦的尖叫声？（2）vi. & vt. 高声喊出scream in terror 吓得尖叫一声 scream with laughter 尖声欢笑scream with excitement 兴奋地喊叫 scream out her name 高声呼喊她的名字scream for help 高声呼救 scream at sb to go away 大声叫喊让某人走开a screaming baby 尖声哭叫的婴儿
◆单句语法填空（1）People scream fright，in anger and in sudden pain.（2） Little Johnson let out scream of excitement.（3） The students had their arms in the air and were screaming joy.（4） As soon as I saw Jane in the crowd，I screamed her name.◆完成句子（5） They （尖声欢笑）at her jokes.（6） He was having dinner when he heard someone （高声呼救）.
in
a
with
out
screamed with laughter
screaming for help
教材原句p.9 ...the gure’s mouth is wide open and letting out a powerful scream. ……这个人像的嘴巴大张，正发出强烈的尖叫声。7 let out 发出（叫声等）；放走，放掉；把（衣服）放宽，放大let out a scream of terror发出惊恐的尖叫声 let me out让我出去let out the bird 释放那只鸟 let the dress out 把衣服放大【归纳拓展】let alone 更不用说，更谈不上（用于否定句之后） let sb alone（=leave sb alone）不打扰某人let sb/sth in 允许……进入 let sth down 把某物放下来let sb down 使某人失望let...go（=let go of ...）放开，松手；放弃，摒弃（想法、态度或控制）I don’t want to let my parents down. 我不想让我的父母失望。Don’t let the rope go. = Don’t let go of the rope. 别松开绳子。
◆写出下列句中let out 的含义（1） The girl was frightened to see the snake and she let out a sharp cry. __________________ （2） Please let the bird out，Grandpa. __________________（3） He grows quickly，so his mother has to let out all his clothes. __________________ ◆单句语法填空（4） Henry got first prize in the exam，and he didn’t let his parents .（5） Let him ；your brother is going over his lessons for tomorrow’s test.（6）Would you mind me opening the window to let the fresh air ?（7） The baby can’t even sit up yet，let walk.
发出（叫声等）
放走，放掉
把（衣服）放宽，放大
down
alone
in
alone
教材原句 p.9 ...which caused him a lot of pain. ……这给他带来了很多痛苦。8 cause vt. & n.（1）vt. 导致，引起；使发生 cause sb sth（=cause sth to sb）给某人带来某事 cause sb/sth to do sth 导致某人/ 某物做某事Do they know what caused the fire?他们知道引起这场火灾的原因吗？deaths caused by dangerous driving 危险驾驶造成的死亡I’m afraid I’m causing you too much trouble.我担心会给你带来太多麻烦。The poor harvest caused prices to rise sharply.收成不好导致物价急剧上涨。
搭配
（2）n. 原因；事业；理由 cause and effect 因果关系搭配 the cause of... ……的原因 have（good） cause to do sth 有（充分的）理由做某事They are looking into the cause of the fire. 他们正在调查起火的原因。His father has good cause to be proud of him. 他的父亲有充分的理由为他感到骄傲。a good/common cause崇高的 / 共同的事业【词语辨析】cause，reason 与 excuse cause 指某事发生的原因，常与of 连用 reason 指做某事的原因、理由，常与for 连用 excuse 指为自己的行为所作的辩护或给出的借口、理由，常与for 连用
◆单句语法填空（1）Your behaviour caused a lot of trouble your family.（2）Greenhouse gases are widely believed to be causing the Earth’s atmosphere （heat）up.（3） It rained heavily in the south， （cause）serious flooding in several provinces.（4） Listening to loud music at rock concerts （cause）hearing loss in many teenagers in the past years.（5） The lack of eco-friendly habits among the public is thought to be a major cause global climate change.（6）The reason the disaster was engine failure，not human error.（7） What’s your excuse being late this time?◆完成句子（8） In effect，loss of sleep can make you look tired，and even （使你 增加体重）.（9） （因果关系）is one way to explain things that happen around us.
to
to heat
causing
has caused
of
for
for
cause you to gain weight
Cause and effect
教材原句 p.9 Between 1953 and 1954，he painted the same scene 27 times. 1953 年至 1954 年间，同样的场景他画了27 次。9 scene n. 景色，景象；（戏剧中的）一场；场景，场面；发生地点，现场 behind the scenes 秘密地，在幕后搭配 on the scene 到现场 at the scene 在现场a delightful rural scene赏心悦目的乡村景色scenes of everyday life日常生活的情景the scene of the accident/crime事故 / 犯罪现场Two policemen were on the scene within ten minutes.两名警察10 分钟内就到了现场。
【词语辨析】scene，scenery，view 与 sight 易混词 辨析 例句scene 是scenery 的一部分， We saw a happy scene of children playing in the park. 多包括其中的人物及 我们看到了孩子们在公园玩耍的快乐场景。 活动，是可数名词scenery 指某一地区的总的自然 They stopped at the top of the hill to admire the scenery. 景色，是不可数名词 他们在山顶上停了下来，欣赏风景。view 指从某个角度，尤其是 You will get a better view of the town from the top of the hill. 从远处或高处看到的景色 从山顶上你会看到更好的城镇景色。sight 指“风景，名胜”，常用 We visited the sights of Beijing. 复数形式，多指人文景观 我们参观了北京的名胜。
◆单句语法填空（1） I called the police and they were the scene within ten minutes.（2） If you had been the scene，what would you have dealt with the incident?（3） Mr Yang supported us behind the （ scene）.◆选词填空（scene/scenery/view/sight）（4）We spent a week in Rome looking at all the .（5） He photographed a wide range of street .（6） The beautiful in the mountain attracted all of us.（7） One of the advantages of living on the top floor of a high building is that you can get a good .（8） The seaside reminds me of many joyful of my vacation.（9） Switzerland is well-known for its impressive mountain .
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教材原句p.9 The Empire of Light has produced different reactions in viewers. 观看者对《灯之王国》的反应不同。10 reaction n. 反应 produce/bring a reaction 产生/ 带来一种反应搭配 a reaction to 对……的反应 in reaction to 作为对……的反应When it rains，plants have a reaction similar to panic. 当下雨时，植物有类似于恐慌的反应。What was his reaction to the news? 他对这个消息有何反应？A spokesman said the changes were not in reaction to the company’s recent losses. 一位发言人说，这些变动不是针对公司最近的损失而作出的反应。◆词语积累react vi. 作出反应；起化学反应 react to 对……作出反应（to 是介词）react against 反对，反抗 react with 与……起化学反应
◆单句语法填空（1） Most film directors can have a proper （react）to public opinion on their films.（2） Shock is a natural reaction such bad news.（3） Local residents have reacted angrily the news.（4） Children tend to react their parents by going against their wishes.（5） Iron reacts water and air to produce rust.（6） How do you react the paintings in the exhibition?
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教材原句p.9 As for Magritte himself，he thought that the change between day and night in the paintings was surprising. 就马格利特本人而言，他认为画作中白天和黑夜之间的变化令人惊讶。11 as for 至于，就……而言As for Helen herself，love is the most important.就海伦本人而言，爱是最重要的。As for the cost，you don’t have to care about it.至于费用问题，你不必在意。【归纳拓展】“至于，关于”的多种表达：as for/to as regards in/with regard to in respect of with respect to
◆单句语法填空（1） You have a bed；as him，he’ll have to sleep on the floor.（2） for you，I never want to see you here again.（3） There is no problem regards the financial arrangements.（4） In respect your request，I am not able to agree.（5） respect to your other proposals，I am not yet able to tell you our decision.
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教材原句 p.10 Do they have anything in common? 它们有任何共同点吗？12 have...in common（with）（与……）有……共同之处have 的宾语通常有以下几种形式：have much/a lot in common （with）（与……）有许多共同之处have something/little/nothing in common（with）（与……）有一些/ 几乎没有/ 没有共同之处Helen has a lot in common with Susan. 海伦与苏珊有很多共同之处。They have little in common，but they get along well with each other.他们几乎没有共同之处，但他们彼此相处得很好。【归纳拓展】in common with 与……一样 have something/nothing to do with 与……有关/ 无关Martin，in common with most people，believed that the story was true.马丁和大多数人一样，相信这个故事是真实的。In the evening he likes to read books that have nothing to do with his work. 在晚上，他喜欢读与工作无关的书。
◆单句语法填空（1） My views have a lot in common hers.（2） They refuse to communicate because they simply don’t have much common.（3） In common his brother，her Tom is into playing basketball.◆完成句子（4） 我和蒂姆毫无共同之处。 Tim and I________________________ . =I____________________________ Tim.（5） I think my job （和你无关），so you’d better keep silent.
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重点句式教材原句p.8 ...Van Gogh’s mental illness may have affected his sense of sight. ……凡·高的精神疾病可能影响了他的视力。【句式分析】句中的may have affected是对过去情况的不肯定推测，may 也可换成might，主要用于肯定句和否定句中。1 may/might have done 可能做过某事He may have forgotten the party. 他可能忘了这次聚会。Lucy might have gone to China. 露西可能已经去了中国。He may not have finished the work，because the light is still on in his office. 他或许还没有完成工作，因为他办公室里的灯还亮着。【归纳拓展】（1） 其他“情态动词+ have done”表示推测的情况：must have done 表示对过去情况的肯定推测，只用于肯定句中；can/could have done 表示推测时，常用于否定句和疑问句中。Peter looks excited. He must have passed the examination. 彼得看起来很兴奋。他一定通过了考试。Where could you have put the key? 你能把钥匙放在哪里呢？
（2）“情态动词+have done”表示“本来……而实际上……”。could have done 过去本来能够做某事而实际上未做might have done 本来可能做某事而实际上未做（其程度比could 小）needn’t have done 本来没必要做某事而实际上做了should/ought to have done 本来应该做某事而实际上未做You could have won first prize in this competition，but you were too nervous. 你本来能在这次竞赛中获得第一名的，但你太紧张了。As it turned out to be a small house party，we needn’t have dressed up so formally. 结果只是个小型的家庭聚会，我们本没必要穿得那么正式。There was much fun at yesterday’s party. You ought to have come，but why didn’t you? 昨天的宴会很有趣。你本应该来的，但你为什么没来呢？
◆用适当的情态动词填空（1） Alice looks very happy. She have passed the driving test.（2） He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he have expressed it differently.（3） He have left his cellphone at home，but I am not sure.（4） — I didn’t watch the final match for the World Cup between Italy and France. — You have watched it. It was so wonderful.◆完成句子（5） Mr Smith （不可能去了）to Beijing，for I saw him in the library just now.（6） You （本应该到达）there on time，but you were late again.（7） —What has happened to George? — I don’t know. He （ 可能受伤了） in a traffic accident.（8） You （本不需要买）so much wine—only five people came.（9） She （本可能算出）the maths problem，if you had given her more time.
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教材原句p.9 It shows a beautiful house lit by lights from inside，surrounded by the darkness of night. 画中有一座美丽的房子，房子里面被光照亮，外面被夜晚的黑暗包围。【句式分析】本句中的 lit by... 以及 surrounded by... 是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词house。2 过去分词短语作定语（1）单个的过去分词作定语时，常放在被修饰词之前；过去分词短语作定语时，常放在被修饰 词之后。 the polluted water 被污染的水 the proposal put forward at the meeting在会议上提出来的那个建议（2）及物动词的过去分词作定语，表示被动和完成；不及物动词的过去分词作定语，不表示被 动，只表示完成。 ① 表示被动和完成。 a furnished room 有家具的房间 cooked food 熟食 ② 不表示被动，只表示完成。a retired teacher退休教师 the fallen leaves落叶 ③ 过去分词短语作后置定语时，相当于一个定语从句。 I have read the book written （=that/which is written） by J.K. Rowling. 我读过J. K. 罗琳写的那本书。 She likes the painting very much，painted（=which was painted）byXu Beihong. 她很喜欢徐悲鸿画的那幅画。
◆单句语法填空（1） They are cleaning the （fall）leaves in the yard.（2） All the （damage）tools will be fully repaired.（3） The book （write）by Mo Yan is popular with us students.（4） As a child，I lived in a yard （surround）by tall trees.（5）The exhibition （hold）by the three young artists is a success.（6） The products （produce） by his company are of high quality.◆完成句子（7） 昨天举行的会议非常重要。 The meeting is of great importance. （过去分词） =The meeting is of great importance. （定语从句）
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教材原句 p.11 It is hard to believe that Van Gogh only sold one painting during his lifetime. 很难相信凡·高在有生之年仅仅卖出了一幅画。3 It is+adj. + to do sth.该句式中it 作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式短语。It’s impossible to get there within one hour. 一个小时之内到达那里是不可能的。【归纳拓展】it 作形式主语时，真正的主语可以是不定式、动名词或从句。常见的it 作形式主语的句式：（1） It is + adj. /n. + to do sth. 做某事是……（2） It is + adj. + for/of sb to do sth. 做某事对于某人来说是……的。（3） It is no use/no good/a waste of time doing sth. 做某事是没有用的/ 没有好处的/ 浪费时间的。（4） It is + adj. /n. + 从句. ……是……（5） It is said/reported/believed that... 据说/ 据报道/ 人们认为……
It is our duty to defend our motherland. 保卫祖国是我们的职责。It is no use crying for your mistakes. 为你的错误哭泣是没有用的。It is a great pity that you missed the football match. 你错过了那场足球赛，真是太遗憾了。It is said that she lived to be over 100. 据说她活了100 多岁。【学法点拨】① “It is + adj. +for sb to do sth.” 中的形容词表示事物或行为的特点或性质，如good，easy， difficult，possible，necessary 等。 It is important for you to study English well. 学好英语对你来说很重要。②“It is + adj. +of sb to do sth.”中的形容词表示人的品格或特点，如kind，polite，impolite， rude，foolish 等。 It is too impolite of you to speak to the teacher like this. 你这样对老师说话太没有礼貌了。
◆单句语法填空（1） is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been poorly studied...（2） It is good for people （go）for a walk after supper.（3） It was thoughtful her to come to see me when I was ill.（4） It is important us to get plenty of exercise.（5） It is clear the chosen pattern is not the correct one.（6） It is uncertain he can attend this conference or not.（7） It is obvious the manager is satisfied with the result.（8） It is not clear the company will do to improve the sales.（9） It is no use （argue）with Bill because he will never change his mind.（10）It was reported several people had been arrested.
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◆完成句子（11）你不能来参加联欢会，真是太遗憾了。 you can’t come to the get-together.（12）在这么短的时间内完成这个项目不容易。 the project in such a short time.
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单元语法 名词性从句1 名词性从句概述在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。四种从句有下列相同之处： （1）连接词大抵相同。 连词：that，whether，if 等连接代词：who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever，whatever， whichever 等连接副词：when，where，why，how，whenever，wherever，however 等（2）从句需用陈述语序。
（3）从句一般不用逗号与主句分开。That colours influence our moods has been proved.颜色能影响我们的情绪已经得到了证明。（主语从句）What they are looking for is their missing dog.他们正在寻找的是他们失踪的狗。（主语从句）He said that he had already known the news.他说他已经知道这个消息了。（宾语从句）This school is where my mother worked forty years ago.这所学校是我母亲40 年前工作过的地方。（表语从句）There is no doubt that human activity has caused global warming.毫无疑问人类活动已经引起了全球变暖。（同位语从句）I have no idea what is happening outside.我不知道外面正在发生什么事。（同位语从句）
◆单句语法填空（1） Sometimes， we show our gratitude to a person is reflected in the kind of food we serve him or her.（2） After a day’s exhausting climb we arrived at we had been told was Garden in the Air．（3） The problem is sometimes when we are given something on a constant basis， we start to take it for granted and forget to be thankful for what we already have．（4） People began looking across to see the noise was coming from.（5） They are discussing the problem they should stop investing money in that project.（6） we used to see as something impossible is now becoming a reality.（7） The problem is we can improve our reading skills in such a short time.（8） was responsible for the accident is not yet clear.
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2 主语从句（ 1）从属连词 that 在主语从句中不作任何成分，也没有实际意义，只起连接作用，但不能省略。That the famous singer didn’t appear made his fans very disappointed.那位著名的歌手没有出现，这使他的粉丝们非常失望。（2）从属连词whether 在主语从句中不作任何成分，只起连接作用，意为“是否”。Whether he will attend the party hasn’t been decided. 他是否会参加聚会还没决定。（ 3）连接代词 who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever 等在从句中常作主语、宾语、表语或定语，起连接作用且有实际意义。What interested her most was its unique colour. 最让她感兴趣的是它独特的颜色。（4）连接副词when，where，why，how 等在从句中常作状语，起连接作用且有实际意义。How they managed to finish the task is unknown to me.我不知道他们是怎样设法完成这项任务的。
（ 5）当主语从句太长时，为了平衡句子结构，经常用 it 作形式主语置于句首，而将主语从句后置。常见的it 作形式主语的句式：① It + be + 形容词+ 主语从句. 常用于这种句式的形容词有important（重要的），necessary（必要的），right（正确的），wrong（错误的），strange（奇怪的），likely（可能的），unlikely（不可能的），certain（明确的），clear（清楚的），obvious（明显的），natural（自然的）等。It is obvious that the owner of the coffee shop is waiting for him to leave. 很明显，咖啡馆的主人正在等着他离开。② It + be + 名词+ 主语从句. 常用于这种句式的名词有a pity（遗憾），a shame（遗憾；耻辱），a fact（事实），an honour（荣誉），a wonder（ 奇迹）等。It is a great pity that you can’t go to the party with us.你不能和我们一起去那个聚会真是太遗憾了。③ It + be + 过去分词+ that 从句. 常用于这种句式的过去分词有said，believed，reported，hoped，decided，suggested/advised，ordered，thought，announced/declared 等。It is said that the boy has a great gift for languages.据说这个男孩在语言方面很有天赋。④ It + 不及物动词（短语）+ 主语从句. 常用于这种句式的不及物动词（短语）有seem，appear，happen，turn out 等。It seemed that he didn’t care about fame and money.他似乎不在乎名利。
◆单句语法填空（1） he won the first gold medal in the Second Youth Olympic Games made us excited.（2） there are living creatures in outer space as those on Earth hasn’t been proved until now.（3） city will host the next Asian Games is under discussion.（4） the sports meet will be held tomorrow mainly depends on the weather.（5） the famous singer offered her fans were love and kindness.（6） we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.（7） Li Bai，a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public，but some won’t accept it.（8） the manager will come back is unknown，but I will check the time later.
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（9） will take the place of Mr Yang is still unknown.（10） is known to us all is that Zhang Weili successfully defended her title in the match.（11）Suddenly it occurred to me difficult it was for a single father to bring up five children on his own.（12）It is a great pity you had no time to visit the Forbidden City while you were in Beijing.（13）It is by no means clear the local government will do to solve the problem.（14）It is obvious the coach was satisfied with the result of the match.（15）It is likely they will arrive in Beijing this weekend.
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3 宾语从句（1）动词（短语）后的宾语从句大多数动词后可以接宾语从句，有些动词短语如find out，point out，work out，turn out，make sure，keep in mind 等后也可以接宾语从句。I just wonder how he got the important information.我只是想知道他是怎样得到这个重要信息的。Have you found out when the next train to Beijing will leave?你弄明白下一趟去北京的火车什么时候会离开了吗？（2）介词后的宾语从句介词后多用wh- 类连接词引导宾语从句，但介词except，but 后可接that 引导的宾语从句。We are talking about whether we will take part in the contest.我们正在讨论是否会参加比赛。I know nothing about him except that he is a teacher.除了知道他是一位老师外，我对他一无所知。（3）形容词后的宾语从句某些形容词如sure，certain，glad，pleased，happy，afraid，surprised，satisfied，sorry 等后可接宾语从句。I am sorry that I can’t meet you at the station this afternoon.我很遗憾今天下午不能去车站接你。
（4）it 作形式宾语而将宾语从句后置的情形如果宾语后还有宾语补足语，常用it 作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。这种结构中的that 不可省略。常用的句型有：①主语+find/feel/think/believe/consider/make + it + adj./n.+ that 从句The Internet makes it possible that we can work from home. 因特网使我们在家里工作成为可能。I have made it a rule that I keep diaries. 写日记成了我的一个惯例。②动词短语see to/rely on/depend on... + it + that 从句Can you see to it that the fax goes this afternoon? 你能保证今天下午就把传真发出去吗？You may depend on it that I shall keep my word. 你可以相信我，我会守信用的。③喜好类动词hate/like/love/dislike/appreciate... + it + when/if 从句I like it when it is sunny. 我喜欢晴朗的天气。I would appreciate it if you lend me a hand. 如果你能帮我一把，我将不胜感激。
（5）使用宾语从句时的注意事项①that 引导宾语从句时不可省略的情形： A 宾语从句和主句之间有插入语时。 We don’t doubt，in any case，that he keeps his promise. 我们相信在任何情况下他都遵守自己的诺言。 B 当有两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，第一个that 可以省略，但后面的that 不能省略。 Scientists find（that） the number of wild goats has increased and that a new species has appeared. 科学家们发现野山羊的数目增加了，而且还出现了一个新种群。②一般情况下介词后只能用wh- 类连接词引导宾语从句。介词后的宾语从句连接词表示“是否” 时，用whether，不用if。 There has been no news about whether they have finished their work. 没有关于他们是否完成了工作的消息。
◆单句语法填空（1） She asked me I had returned the books to the library，and I admitted _________ I hadn’t. （2） The organisers promise wins first prize a chance to go abroad.（3） The ninety-year-old mother did she could to save her son.（4） Mrs Taylor went around the shops，ordering she thought was necessary.（5） My experience tells me it’s not what you are given but how you make use of it that determines who you are.（6） Her parents were proud of Jane had done at school.（7） Johnson never forgets he comes from，so he has done a lot for his hometown.（8） Scientists say they have unearthed details of the dinosaurs disappeared 65 million years ago. （9） They are very pleased Professor Li and his wife are visiting their city next week.（10）He was told the party would begin，but he forgot about the exact time.
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（11）No one knows for sure the life will be like in 100 years.（12）I think it necessary we drink plenty of water every day.（13）I have made it a rule I read something before going to bed every night.（14）I took it for granted Zhang Han would be sent to study abroad.（15）I dislike it I am disturbed by someone.（16）We would appreciate it you could give us some advice on how to solve the problem.（17）I believe you have done your best and things will get better.◆完成句子（18）Three months later，they arrived in （被称为） India.（19）I think it necessary （你多注意）your pronunciation.（20）We should believe in what we do and （我们是谁）if we are to succeed.
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that you pay more attention to
who we are
4 表语从句（1）表语从句通常放在连系动词 be，seem，look，appear，sound， taste，feel，remain 等后面，构成“主语+ 连系动词+ 表语从句”句式。The problem is that so many people don’t have enough water to drink in Africa. 问题是在非洲有那么多的人没有足够的水喝。The point is whether we should lend him the money.关键在于我们是否应该借钱给他。The most exciting moment was when I won first place in the exam.最激动人心的时刻是我在考试中得第一名的时候。The black clouds are gathering. It looks as if it is going to rain.乌云密布，看起来天要下雨了。
（2）使用表语从句时的注意事项在It/This/That is because/why... 句式中，because 后接原因，why 后接结果。当主句的主语是the reason 时，后面的表语从句用that 引导。He didn’t go by bike with me. That’s because there was something wrong with his bike. 他没和我一起骑自行车去，那是因为他的自行车坏了。（前果后因）His right foot was injured. That’s why he had to drop out of the match.他的右脚受了伤，这就是他不得不退出比赛的原因。（前因后果）The reason why he wasn’t chosen captain of the team was that he lacked the spirit of teamwork. 他没有被选中当队长是因为他缺乏团队精神。
◆单句语法填空（1） The reality is the majority of the relationships we experience throughout our lives are actually non-romantic.（2） The nearby Quebec village of St Pamphile is they shop，eat and go to church.（3） However，most of the universe is we think of as empty space.（4） One of the most unforgettable moments in my life was my daughter was born.（5） It is reported that a huge percentage of bird species are in danger. It’s their habitats or homelands are disappearing.（6） Mary is a humorous and warm-hearted woman and that is she is a most popular person in her community.（7） The real reason why I don’t have a hobby is I don’t have time.
that
where
what
when
because
why
that
5 同位语从句在句子中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。它一般放在某些名词的后面，用于解释说明前面名词的具体内容。（1）常接同位语从句的名词 belief 信念 fact 事实 doubt 怀疑 explanation 解释 hope 希望 idea 主意 wish 愿望 dream梦想 news 消息 truth 事实 possibility 可能性 statement 论断 thought 想法 promise 承诺 question/problem 问题 suggestion 建议 order 命令 fear 恐惧 warning 警告（2）不同连接词引导的同位语从句① that 引导同位语从句时在从句中不作任何成分，只起连接作用，不可省略。The news excited us that our football team won the game.我们的足球队赢得比赛的消息使我们激动。There is no possibility that he can finish the task on time.他不可能按时完成这项工作。② whether 引导同位语从句时不充当句子成分，表示“是否”，不可以用if 替换。We have some doubt whether they can complete the task on time.我们怀疑他们是否能按时完成任务。
③连接代词who，what，which 引导同位语从句时，既起连接作用，又在从句中作主语、宾语等。The question who will take over the company requires careful consideration. 谁将接管公司这个问题需要仔细考虑。④连接副词when，where，why，how 引导同位语从句时，既起连接作用，又在从句中作状语等。I have no idea why he refused the job offer from that company.我不知道他为什么拒绝了来自那家公司的工作邀请。【误区警示】that 引导同位语从句与引导定语从句的区别（1） that 引导同位语从句时，在从句中不充当任何句子成分，但不能省略。（2） that 引导定语从句时，既起引导词的作用，又在从句中作主语、宾语等，在定语从句中作宾语时that 常可省略，先行词指物时可用which 替换。Do you believe the news that Peter was missing? （同位语从句）你相信彼得失踪了这个消息吗？Do you believe the news that（=which） he told you? （定语从句）你相信他告诉你的这个消息吗？
◆单句语法填空（1） The news we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true.（2） The notice came around two in the afternoon the meeting would be put off.（3） The question should do the work requires consideration.（4） My question I shall get in touch with him has not been answered.（5）We haven’t solved the problem we are going to spend our summer vacation this year.（6） The news we won the game pleased us all.（7） There is solid evidence sitting for a long time does harm to our health.（8） Many scholars share the belief interest is as vital to learning as the ability to understand.（9） Do I have your promise you won’t tell anyone about this?
that
that
who
how
where
that
that
that
that
（10）The question was put forward we had the ability to face the crisis.（11）Mr Wu and I did not know each other，and I had no idea he invited me for lunch.（12）He gave an answer he knew nothing about the accident.（13）The question the gas is harmful to people’s health is not clear.（14）Is there any possibility you could pick me up from the station?
whether
why
that
whether
that
Thank you.
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