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UNIT 8 TOPIC TALK（课件PPT）
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这是一份UNIT 8 TOPIC TALK（课件PPT），共39页。
UNIT 8 GREEN LIVINGTOPIC TALKWe all know that there are various types of pollution around us，which may cause different kinds of environmental problems， for instance，______________________________________________________________________________________________ water pollution，air pollution，ocean pollution，soil pollution and noise pollution Problems water/ocean/soil/air/noise pollution， smog，sandstorms and deserts， global warming，industrial waste，animal/plant extinction For example，a good way to reduce pollution is to _________________________________________________________ Solutions grow/plant more trees，cycle to work/ school save energy/water/paper/resources use less electricity/more public transportincrease our awareness of environmental protection，change our living habits recycle used batteries live a low-carbon life plant more trees To me，green living is about Personal Understandinghealthy living，living in harmony with nature，respecting nature， maintaining the balance between human and nature，doing my part for the environment living in harmony with nature 听力文本 8.1 Dear all， welcome to our exhibition on green living. You may wonder what we mean by green living. I’m sure you will understand this concept after the exhibition. There are four sections altogether. The first section introduces different types of pollution. We all know that there are various types of pollution around us， which may cause different kinds of environmental problems， for instance， water pollution，air pollution，ocean pollution，soil pollution and noise pollution. This section will show how pollution affects our environment and our health. The second section explains the reasons that cause different types of pollution. And you will see that our actions as humans are the main sources of pollution. The third section presents the solutions that have been taken to tackle the problems， detailing ways we can help the environment. For example，a good way to reduce pollution is to plant more trees. Finally，the exhibition ends with a summary about what we personally believe we should be doing to lead a green life. To me，green living is about living in harmony with nature. 1 Why doesn’t the woman like living in a flat? 2 Where does the man live and what does he do to help the environment? 3 What do they think is important to fight against global warming? The man lives in a flat. To help the environment he creates more green spaces， by planting flowers and vegetables outside his window. There is no green space. They think that green spaces are very important to fight against global warming. 听力文本 8.2 （W=Woman M=Man） W： I don’t really like living in a flat in the city. I prefer to have a garden because I like being close to nature. Here’s a photo of my garden. M： What a beautiful garden! Actually， I live in a flat， but I can help the environment by creating more green spaces. For example，I plant some flowers and vegetables outside my window and I have a great view，too. W：Indeed. Having more green spaces helps the environment. M： Yes，absolutely. Green spaces are very important in our fight against problems like global warming. Language points核心词汇 教材原句p.28 ...which may cause different kinds of environmental problems，for instance， . ……这可能会造成不同类型的环境问题，例如， 。1 for instance（=for example）例如，比如What would you do，for instance，if you found a member of staff stealing? 比如说，如果你发现有职员偷东西，你会怎么办？ The report is incomplete；it does not include sales in France，for example. 这份报告不完整，例如在法国的销售情况就没包括进去。【词语辨析】for instance，such as与 that is （1） for instance 用于举例说明，一般只列举同类中的一个，可置于句首、句中或句末。 （2） such as 用于部分列举，列举前面提到的事物的一部分，不能和and so on 连用。 （3） that is 用于列举所提到事物的全部，意为“也就是说”，相当于 that is to say 或namely。We learn many subjects，such as English and maths. 我们学习许多科目，如英语和数学。We learn two foreign languages. That is，English and French. 我们学习两门外语。也就是说，英语和法语。题组练·领悟方法◆单句语法填空（1）［2019·天津卷］Most food webs， instance，consist of many weak links rather than a few strong ones. （2） Social media help us remember important dates，such Mother’s Day. ◆选词填空（for instance/for example/such as/that is） （3） There are jobs more dangerous than truck driving， ， training lions. （4） He has three partners. ， John，Jack and Tom. （5） More and more Chinese words have come into English， tofu and kung fu. for as for instance /for example That issuch as 教材原句p.28 global warming 全球变暖2 global adj. 全球的，全世界的global population全球人口 global climate change 全球气候变化 the global economy全球经济 a global ban on nuclear testing一项全球性核试验禁令 ◆词语积累 globe n. 地球，世界；地球仪 globally adv. 全球地 ◆单句语法填空（1） The lack of eco-friendly habits among the public is thought to be a major cause of （globe）climate change. （2）［2018·江苏卷］China’s soft power grows in line with the increasing appreciation and understanding of China （global）. global globally 教材原句p.28 animal/plant extinction 动物/ 植物灭绝3 extinction n. 灭绝 搭配 ：be close to extinction 濒临灭绝 in danger of extinction 有灭绝的危险 save...from extinction 挽救……以防止其灭绝Some languages are now close to extinction.有些语言现在濒临灭绝。 An operation is beginning to try to save a species of crocodile from extinction. 一项行动正在开始展开来拯救一种鳄鱼使其免遭灭绝。 ◆词语积累 extinct adj. 已灭绝的，绝种的 go/become extinct 绝种an extinct species 已灭绝的物种 ◆单句语法填空（1） The pace of the language’s （extinct） is becoming faster than ever before. （2） They are trying to save the ancient language extinction. ◆完成句子 （3） Experts say monarchs are （有灭绝的危险） in the next several decades if nothing is done to save the species. extinctionfrom in danger of extinction 教材原句p.28 Solutions 解决办法4 solution n. 解决，解决办法搭配 ： a/the solution to... ……的解决办法 find/come up with a solution 找到/ 想出解决办法seek/look for a solution 寻找解决办法 provide/offer a solution 提供解决办法There’s no easy solution to this problem. 这个问题没有容易的解决办法。They offered us a practical solution to this problem. 他们给我们提供了一个解决这个问题的切实可行的办法。◆词语积累 solve vt. 解决；解答solve a problem 解决问题 solve a mystery/a puzzle 解开谜团/ 猜出谜语【归纳拓展】 后接介词to 的名词： the entrance to... ……的入口 the answer to... ……的答案the key to... ……的钥匙/ 关键 the approach to... ……的办法◆单句语法填空（1） The school adviser won’t give you any direct （solve）to your problems. （2） There are still many problems （ solve）before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon. （3） I have tried very hard to find a solution the problem，but in vain. （4） In my opinion，the problem is not easy （solve）. ◆完成句子 （5） I think it is beyond his power to find （……的解决方法） this problem. （6） Believing in yourself is （成功的关键）. solutionto be solved to to solvethe solution to the key to success 教材原句p.28 use less electricity/more public transport 少用电/ 多使用公共交通工具5 transport n. & vt. （1）n. 交通运输系统，运输方式；运输，运送（=transportation） a means/form of transport交通工具 air/rail/road transport航空 / 铁路 / 道路运输 have one’s own transport有自己的交通工具 travel on/by public transport 乘坐公共交通工具出行 The goods were damaged during transport. 货物在运输期间受损。 （2）vt. 运输，运送搭配：transport...（from...）to... 把……（从……）运送到…… Goods can be transported from one place to another by train，bus or plane. 货物可以通过火车、公共汽车或飞机从一个地方运输到另一个地方。【词语辨析】transport与 traffic transport 指交通工具，如means of transport（交通工具）。traffic 指路上的行人和车辆，侧重于数量，如a traffic jam（交通阻塞）。 ◆单句语法填空（1） Nowadays，the high-speed train is means of transport for many people in China. （2）They have difficulty （ transport） goods，because the gas is running out. （3） At that time，most of our luggage （ transport） by sea. ◆完成句子 （4） A large quantity of money has been spent （改善 公共交通）. （5）［2017·全国Ⅲ卷］Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and _______________________ （ 运到公园去）. （6） In the past，the bike was （一种主要的交通工具） in China. a transporting was transported to improve public transport transported to the park a main means of transport 教材原句p.28 increase our awareness of environmental protection 增强我们的环保意识6 awareness n. 认识，意识搭配 ： increase/raise public awareness of 增强/ 提高公众对……的 意识environmental/political/social awareness 环保/ 政治/ 社会意识an awareness of the importance of eating a healthy diet 对健康饮食的重要性的认识The leaflet has been produced with the aim of increasing public awareness of the disease. 印发该传单的目的是提高公众对这种疾病的认识。◆词语积累 aware adj. 意识到的，明白的，知道的；注意到的，察觉到的be aware of/that... 意识到…… make sb aware of/that... 使某人意识到…… so/as far as I am aware 据我所知Everyone should be made aware of the risk involved. 应该让人人都知道其中的风险。As far as I am aware，the manager referred to the incident. 就我所知，经理提到过这件事。◆单句语法填空（1）［2019·北京卷］Earth Day，marked on 22 April， is an annual event aiming to raise public （aware） about environmental protection. （2） In my opinion，it’s very important to improve their environmental （aware） now. （3） It wasn’t until her friend was badly hurt that Kerry became aware her habit of finding fault. ◆同义句转换 （4） If children realise the importance of study， they will study hard. =If children the importance of study，they will study hard. awareness awareness of are aware of 教材原句p.28 recycle used batteries 回收旧电池7 recycle vi. & vt. 再利用，回收利用recycle paper/glass/waste回收纸 / 玻璃 / 废弃物 The cardboard bed parts will be recycled into paper products after the Olympic Games. 奥运会结束后，纸板床零件将被回收制成纸制品。 ◆词语积累recycling n. 回收利用 recyclable adj. 可回收利用的 ◆单句语法填空（1） The garbage is then taken away and，if possible， （recycle）. （2） The cups also have plastic to prevent leaking， which makes them hard ___________ （recycle）. ◆完成句子 （3）［2018·浙江卷］Paper bags （很容易被回收利用） but require more energy to produce and transport. recycled to recycleare easily recycled 教材原句p.28 living in harmony with nature 与自然和谐相处8 in harmony with 与……协调/ 一致搭配：live in harmony with 与……和谐相处 If human beings live in harmony with animals，our earth will be better. 如果人类与动物和谐相处，我们的地球就会更好。◆词语积累（1） harmony n. 融洽，和睦；和谐，协调live/work in harmony 和睦地生活/ 工作 social harmony 社会融洽the harmony of colour in nature 自然界色彩的协调（2） harmonious adj. 和睦的，融洽的；和谐的，协调的a harmonious society 和谐的社会 ◆单句语法填空（1） His suggestions are harmony with the aims of this project. （2） First and foremost，a （harmony） but competitive interaction in a group will help with everyone’s learning. ◆完成句子（3） Human life is regarded as part of nature and，as such，the only way for us to survive is to （与自然和谐相处）. （4）We must ensure that tourism （与环境 和谐发展）. in harmonious live in harmony with nature develops in harmony with the environment 教材原句p.28 maintaining the balance between human and nature 保持人与自然的平衡9 balance n. & v. （1）n. 平衡；天平，秤搭配: keep one’s balance 保持平衡 lose one’s balance 失去平衡keep a balance between A and B 保持 A 与 B 均衡 on balance 总的说来 I struggled to keep my balance on my new skates. 我穿着新溜冰鞋，努力保持平衡。［词汇复现］ Try to keep a balance between work and play. 尽量保持工作与娱乐的平衡。If the balance of nature is destroyed，it will take years to recover. 如果自然界的平衡被破坏了，要用很多年才能恢复。On balance，the company has had a successful year. 总的说来，公司这一年是成功的。（2）vi. & vt.（使）保持平衡；均衡；权衡搭配 ： balance （sth） on sth（使……）在……上保持平衡balance sth against sth 在……和……之间作出权衡 balance out 相等，相平衡She balanced the cup on her knee. 她把杯子在膝盖上放稳。 The cost of obtaining legal advice needs to be balanced against its benefits. 法律咨询的费用与其效益需要权衡一下。◆词语积累 balanced adj. 平衡的，均衡的 a balanced diet 均衡饮食 ◆单句语法填空（1）［2019·北京卷］An A-team may require balance—not just A players，but a few generous B players as well. （2） It is difficult for a working woman to keep balance between her family and her work. （3）［词汇复现］ balance，their performance was a great success. （4） After balancing a trip to the mountains the chance of a summer job， Mary chose the latter. （5） To our great joy，at the end of the year the account balanced . （6） A （balance） diet and regular exercise are both important to keep fit. ◆完成句子 （7）When he was running after his brother，the boy （失去了平衡），and had a bad fall. （8） In order to （ 保持平衡），Johnson took a firm hold onto a branch. a a On against out balancedlost his balance keep his balance 教材原句p.28 doing my part for the environment为环境尽我的一份力量10 do one’s part for sth 为某事尽自己的一份力量Every student should do his part for the class. 每个同学都要为班级尽自己的一份力量。【归纳拓展】 take part in 参与，参加 take an active part in 积极参加play a part in 在……中起作用；在……中扮演角色 play the part of 扮演……角色have a part to play（in sth）（在某事中）发挥作用 for one’s part 就某人而言for the most part 多半，通常 in part 在某种程度上；部分地How many athletes from all over the world took part in the last Olympic Games? 世界各地有多少运动员参加了上届奥运会？ For the most part，we play tennis on Sunday morning. 星期日上午我们通常打网球。 ◆单句语法填空（1） Everyone，whether you are old or young，can do your part the environment. （2） Are you going to take part the Winter Olympic Games in Beijing & Zhangjiakou in 2022? （3） Our car broke down，but the most part，the trip to Mount Tai was wonderful. （4） The failure was part due to his laziness. ◆完成句子 （5）［词汇复现］Individuals （发挥作用）in protecting the environment. （6） The Internet （ 在……中起着重要作用）our daily life. for in for inhave a part to playplays an important part in 教材原句p.29 What do they think is important to fight against global warming? 他们认为对抗全球变暖重要的是什么？ 11 fight against 与……作战；与……作斗争，反对…… They fought bravely against the enemy. 他们英勇地与敌人作战。 He spent a lifetime fighting against racism and prejudice. 他花了毕生的时间与种族歧视和偏见作斗争。The villagers tried to fight against building an airport on the land. 村民们试图反对在这片土地上建造一个机场。【归纳拓展】 fight for 努力争取，为……而斗争 fight back 抗争，还击；克制，忍住（情感） fight one’s way 奋力开出一条路；努力奋斗 fight with 与……交战；与……打架；与……并肩战斗fight with sb about/over sth 就某事与某人争辩He called on the workers to fight for equal rights. 他号召工人们为争取平等权利而斗争。She looked away，fighting back her tears. 她看向别处，强忍住泪水。 She gradually fought her way to the top of the company. 她努力奋斗，逐渐登上公司的高位。◆单句语法填空（1）With nothing on hand，they didn’t dare to fight the wolf. （2） They have been fighting freedom for years. （3） Whether you admit or not，we will have to fight difficulties. （4） In World War Ⅱ，the US fought the UK and France Germany. ◆完成句子 （5） I think he’ll be strong enough to （奋力开出一条路）along.（6） They call on people and the government to take measures to ___________________________ （与光污染作斗争）. against/with for against withagainstfight his way fight against light pollution 重点句式 教材原句p.28 not to leave the tap running不要让水龙头开着【句式分析】本句中的 leave the tap running 是“leave + 宾语 + 现在 分词”构成的leave 复合结构。句中的the tap 与run 之间是主动关 系，故用现在分词作宾补。1 leave + 宾语 + 宾补 使……处于某种状态该结构主要有以下几种形式： （1）leave+ 宾语+ 现在分词（表示主动或正在进行） Helen always leaves the light burning all night long. 海伦总是让灯整夜地亮着。（2）leave+ 宾语+ 过去分词（表示被动或已经完成） I’m sorry. I have left some of your questions unanswered. 很抱歉，你的有些问题我没有回答。（3）leave+ 宾语+ 不定式We must leave the children to solve their affairs themselves. 我们必须让孩子们自己解决自己的事情。（4）leave+ 宾语+ 形容词/ 副词/ 名词/ 介词短语Leave the door open，please. 请让门开着吧。 Leave the motor on. 让发动机开着。 （5）leave+ 宾语+ 从句 Please leave the chair where it is. 请把椅子留在原处。 ◆单句语法填空（1） His words left me （wonder） how to deal with the difficult problem. （2） His letter left me （feel） very disappointed. （3） Her parents left her （choose） her own friends from an early age. ◆完成句子 （4） 那位伟大的作家去世了，他的书还没有写完。 The great writer died， . （5） 他们都走开了，让我一个人站在那里。 They all walked off and __________________________________________. （6） 你把门窗关上了吗？ Did you ? （7） 我必须得回去——我想我没关电脑。 I’ll have to go back—I think I have . wonderingfeeling to choose leaving his book unfinished left me standing there all by myselfleave the doors and windows closed left the computer on教材原句p.28 not to leave the house with lights still on 不要亮着灯离开房子【句式分析】本句中的 with lights still on 是“with + 宾语 + 副词”构 成的with 复合结构。2 with 复合结构 构成：with+ 宾语 + 宾补常在句中作状语，表示原因、方式、时间、条件或伴随等。具体形式主要有： （1）with + 宾语 + 形容词/ 副词/ 介词短语He is studying with the door open. 他在开着门学习。 Mr Yang left the office with the computer on. 杨先生离开了办公室，电脑还开着。The maths teacher came in with a book in his hand. 数学老师手里拿着一本书进来了。 （2）with + 宾语 + 现在分词（表示主动或正在进行） Mr Brown was walking along the river with his dog following him. 布朗先生正沿着河边走着，他的狗跟在后面。（3）with + 宾语 + 过去分词（表示被动或已经完成） With the task finished，we left the company earlier than usual. 任务完成了，我们离开公司比往常早。（4）with+ 宾语 + 动词不定式（表示尚未发生） With so much work to do，I can’t go on holiday. 有这么多工作要做，我不能去度假。【学法点拨】 with 复合结构在句中还可作定语。Do you know the lady with a baby in her arms? 你认识那个抱着婴儿的女士吗？ ◆单句语法填空（1）With the experienced guide （lead） the way，we had no difficulty getting through the forest. （2） I think that I’ll do well in the exam with Mrs Chen （teach）me. （3）With a lot of problems （settle）， I can’t go skating with you. （4）With all the work （finish），they hurried back home for lunch. （5） The manager came in with his assistant （follow） him. （6） The living room is clean and tidy，with a dining table already （lay）for a meal to be cooked. ◆完成句子 （7） ___________________________________________（他的眼睛盯着屏幕）， Tom didn’t notice his father come in. （8） （因为无人求助），she had to depend on herself. （9） （伴随着人群的欢呼），they drove to the palace. （10）Alice sat there， （泪流满面）. leading teaching to settlefinishedfollowing laid With his eyes fixed/focused on the screen With no one to turn to for help With the crowd cheering with tears rolling down her cheeks 教材原句p.29 Climate change is a terrible problem，and it absolutely needs to be solved. 气候变化是一个严重的问题，它绝对需要解决。3 need to be done （某事）需要被做当句子的主语与need 后的动词之间是被动关系时，需用to be done 或用doing 的主动形式表达被动含义。Your hair is too long and it needs to be cut/needs cutting. 你的头发太长了，需要剪了。【学法点拨】 need to do sth 意为“需要做某事；有必要做某事”，主语（通常是人） 与 need 后的动词之间是主动关系。You need to book the ticket in advance. 你需要提前订票。 【归纳拓展】 want，require 作“需要”讲，deserve 作“值得”讲时，若主语与其后的动词之间是被动关系，也接doing/to be done 形式。若为主动关系，需用to do。这个问题值得仔细考虑。 The problem deserves considering carefully. The problem deserves to be considered carefully. ◆单句语法填空（1） The flowers are dry and they need （water）. （2） I need （get）in shape. How do I register for the classes? （3） We’ve had a good start，but next，more work needs （do）to achieve the final success. （4） In this article，you need （back） up general statements with specific examples. （5） The house is in a mess and it requires （ clean）. （6） The walls of the old house need （ paint）. to be watered/watering to get to be done/ doing to back to be cleaned/cleaning to be painted/painting 教材原句p.29 We are using resources as if we had two planets， not one. 我们在使用资源，就好像我们有两个地球，而不是一个。【句式分析】本句中的 as if 引导的是方式状语从句，从句使用了虚 拟语气，表示与现在事实相反的情况。4 as if 引导方式状语从句as if 引导的方式状语从句常用虚拟语气，表示所述的情况与事实相反。Mrs Lee treats the orphan as if he were her own son. 李太太把这个孤儿当作自己的儿子一样对待。Martin behaved as if he had won a big prize. 马丁表现得好像赢得了大奖似的。Paul opened his mouth as if he would say something. 保罗张开嘴，好像要说些什么。 【误区警示】 （1） as if 引导的从句有时可用省略形式，即“as if + 分词/ 不定式/ 形容词/ 介词短语等”。She stood at the door as if waiting for someone. 她站在门口，好像在等人。（2） as if 还可引导表语从句，用于look，seem，sound，appear 之后。如果表示的情况与事实相反，从句用陈述语气。It looks as if we will be late. 我们看起来好像要迟到了。 It seems as if the man is very poor. 这个人看起来好像很穷。 ◆单句语法填空（1） Don’t handle the vase as if it （be） made of steel. （2） Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it （happen） yesterday. （3） Your uncle talks about Rome as if he （ be） there before. （4） The black clouds are gathering. It looks as if it （be） going to rain. （5） The meat over there tastes as if it （ go） bad，so you’d better throw it away. （6） Lucy looked at her watch from time to time as if she （be） waiting for someone. （7） The injured soldier opened his mouth as if （say） something to the doctor. ◆完成句子 （8） In the face of the disaster，he acted calmly （好像什么也没 发生似的）. （9）［2017·全国Ⅰ卷］When fat and salt is removed from food，the food tastes ______________ （好像少了什么东西）. werehappenedhad been is has gone was to say as if nothing had happenedas if it ismissing something Thank you.
UNIT 8 GREEN LIVINGTOPIC TALKWe all know that there are various types of pollution around us，which may cause different kinds of environmental problems， for instance，______________________________________________________________________________________________ water pollution，air pollution，ocean pollution，soil pollution and noise pollution Problems water/ocean/soil/air/noise pollution， smog，sandstorms and deserts， global warming，industrial waste，animal/plant extinction For example，a good way to reduce pollution is to _________________________________________________________ Solutions grow/plant more trees，cycle to work/ school save energy/water/paper/resources use less electricity/more public transportincrease our awareness of environmental protection，change our living habits recycle used batteries live a low-carbon life plant more trees To me，green living is about Personal Understandinghealthy living，living in harmony with nature，respecting nature， maintaining the balance between human and nature，doing my part for the environment living in harmony with nature 听力文本 8.1 Dear all， welcome to our exhibition on green living. You may wonder what we mean by green living. I’m sure you will understand this concept after the exhibition. There are four sections altogether. The first section introduces different types of pollution. We all know that there are various types of pollution around us， which may cause different kinds of environmental problems， for instance， water pollution，air pollution，ocean pollution，soil pollution and noise pollution. This section will show how pollution affects our environment and our health. The second section explains the reasons that cause different types of pollution. And you will see that our actions as humans are the main sources of pollution. The third section presents the solutions that have been taken to tackle the problems， detailing ways we can help the environment. For example，a good way to reduce pollution is to plant more trees. Finally，the exhibition ends with a summary about what we personally believe we should be doing to lead a green life. To me，green living is about living in harmony with nature. 1 Why doesn’t the woman like living in a flat? 2 Where does the man live and what does he do to help the environment? 3 What do they think is important to fight against global warming? The man lives in a flat. To help the environment he creates more green spaces， by planting flowers and vegetables outside his window. There is no green space. They think that green spaces are very important to fight against global warming. 听力文本 8.2 （W=Woman M=Man） W： I don’t really like living in a flat in the city. I prefer to have a garden because I like being close to nature. Here’s a photo of my garden. M： What a beautiful garden! Actually， I live in a flat， but I can help the environment by creating more green spaces. For example，I plant some flowers and vegetables outside my window and I have a great view，too. W：Indeed. Having more green spaces helps the environment. M： Yes，absolutely. Green spaces are very important in our fight against problems like global warming. Language points核心词汇 教材原句p.28 ...which may cause different kinds of environmental problems，for instance， . ……这可能会造成不同类型的环境问题，例如， 。1 for instance（=for example）例如，比如What would you do，for instance，if you found a member of staff stealing? 比如说，如果你发现有职员偷东西，你会怎么办？ The report is incomplete；it does not include sales in France，for example. 这份报告不完整，例如在法国的销售情况就没包括进去。【词语辨析】for instance，such as与 that is （1） for instance 用于举例说明，一般只列举同类中的一个，可置于句首、句中或句末。 （2） such as 用于部分列举，列举前面提到的事物的一部分，不能和and so on 连用。 （3） that is 用于列举所提到事物的全部，意为“也就是说”，相当于 that is to say 或namely。We learn many subjects，such as English and maths. 我们学习许多科目，如英语和数学。We learn two foreign languages. That is，English and French. 我们学习两门外语。也就是说，英语和法语。题组练·领悟方法◆单句语法填空（1）［2019·天津卷］Most food webs， instance，consist of many weak links rather than a few strong ones. （2） Social media help us remember important dates，such Mother’s Day. ◆选词填空（for instance/for example/such as/that is） （3） There are jobs more dangerous than truck driving， ， training lions. （4） He has three partners. ， John，Jack and Tom. （5） More and more Chinese words have come into English， tofu and kung fu. for as for instance /for example That issuch as 教材原句p.28 global warming 全球变暖2 global adj. 全球的，全世界的global population全球人口 global climate change 全球气候变化 the global economy全球经济 a global ban on nuclear testing一项全球性核试验禁令 ◆词语积累 globe n. 地球，世界；地球仪 globally adv. 全球地 ◆单句语法填空（1） The lack of eco-friendly habits among the public is thought to be a major cause of （globe）climate change. （2）［2018·江苏卷］China’s soft power grows in line with the increasing appreciation and understanding of China （global）. global globally 教材原句p.28 animal/plant extinction 动物/ 植物灭绝3 extinction n. 灭绝 搭配 ：be close to extinction 濒临灭绝 in danger of extinction 有灭绝的危险 save...from extinction 挽救……以防止其灭绝Some languages are now close to extinction.有些语言现在濒临灭绝。 An operation is beginning to try to save a species of crocodile from extinction. 一项行动正在开始展开来拯救一种鳄鱼使其免遭灭绝。 ◆词语积累 extinct adj. 已灭绝的，绝种的 go/become extinct 绝种an extinct species 已灭绝的物种 ◆单句语法填空（1） The pace of the language’s （extinct） is becoming faster than ever before. （2） They are trying to save the ancient language extinction. ◆完成句子 （3） Experts say monarchs are （有灭绝的危险） in the next several decades if nothing is done to save the species. extinctionfrom in danger of extinction 教材原句p.28 Solutions 解决办法4 solution n. 解决，解决办法搭配 ： a/the solution to... ……的解决办法 find/come up with a solution 找到/ 想出解决办法seek/look for a solution 寻找解决办法 provide/offer a solution 提供解决办法There’s no easy solution to this problem. 这个问题没有容易的解决办法。They offered us a practical solution to this problem. 他们给我们提供了一个解决这个问题的切实可行的办法。◆词语积累 solve vt. 解决；解答solve a problem 解决问题 solve a mystery/a puzzle 解开谜团/ 猜出谜语【归纳拓展】 后接介词to 的名词： the entrance to... ……的入口 the answer to... ……的答案the key to... ……的钥匙/ 关键 the approach to... ……的办法◆单句语法填空（1） The school adviser won’t give you any direct （solve）to your problems. （2） There are still many problems （ solve）before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon. （3） I have tried very hard to find a solution the problem，but in vain. （4） In my opinion，the problem is not easy （solve）. ◆完成句子 （5） I think it is beyond his power to find （……的解决方法） this problem. （6） Believing in yourself is （成功的关键）. solutionto be solved to to solvethe solution to the key to success 教材原句p.28 use less electricity/more public transport 少用电/ 多使用公共交通工具5 transport n. & vt. （1）n. 交通运输系统，运输方式；运输，运送（=transportation） a means/form of transport交通工具 air/rail/road transport航空 / 铁路 / 道路运输 have one’s own transport有自己的交通工具 travel on/by public transport 乘坐公共交通工具出行 The goods were damaged during transport. 货物在运输期间受损。 （2）vt. 运输，运送搭配：transport...（from...）to... 把……（从……）运送到…… Goods can be transported from one place to another by train，bus or plane. 货物可以通过火车、公共汽车或飞机从一个地方运输到另一个地方。【词语辨析】transport与 traffic transport 指交通工具，如means of transport（交通工具）。traffic 指路上的行人和车辆，侧重于数量，如a traffic jam（交通阻塞）。 ◆单句语法填空（1） Nowadays，the high-speed train is means of transport for many people in China. （2）They have difficulty （ transport） goods，because the gas is running out. （3） At that time，most of our luggage （ transport） by sea. ◆完成句子 （4） A large quantity of money has been spent （改善 公共交通）. （5）［2017·全国Ⅲ卷］Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and _______________________ （ 运到公园去）. （6） In the past，the bike was （一种主要的交通工具） in China. a transporting was transported to improve public transport transported to the park a main means of transport 教材原句p.28 increase our awareness of environmental protection 增强我们的环保意识6 awareness n. 认识，意识搭配 ： increase/raise public awareness of 增强/ 提高公众对……的 意识environmental/political/social awareness 环保/ 政治/ 社会意识an awareness of the importance of eating a healthy diet 对健康饮食的重要性的认识The leaflet has been produced with the aim of increasing public awareness of the disease. 印发该传单的目的是提高公众对这种疾病的认识。◆词语积累 aware adj. 意识到的，明白的，知道的；注意到的，察觉到的be aware of/that... 意识到…… make sb aware of/that... 使某人意识到…… so/as far as I am aware 据我所知Everyone should be made aware of the risk involved. 应该让人人都知道其中的风险。As far as I am aware，the manager referred to the incident. 就我所知，经理提到过这件事。◆单句语法填空（1）［2019·北京卷］Earth Day，marked on 22 April， is an annual event aiming to raise public （aware） about environmental protection. （2） In my opinion，it’s very important to improve their environmental （aware） now. （3） It wasn’t until her friend was badly hurt that Kerry became aware her habit of finding fault. ◆同义句转换 （4） If children realise the importance of study， they will study hard. =If children the importance of study，they will study hard. awareness awareness of are aware of 教材原句p.28 recycle used batteries 回收旧电池7 recycle vi. & vt. 再利用，回收利用recycle paper/glass/waste回收纸 / 玻璃 / 废弃物 The cardboard bed parts will be recycled into paper products after the Olympic Games. 奥运会结束后，纸板床零件将被回收制成纸制品。 ◆词语积累recycling n. 回收利用 recyclable adj. 可回收利用的 ◆单句语法填空（1） The garbage is then taken away and，if possible， （recycle）. （2） The cups also have plastic to prevent leaking， which makes them hard ___________ （recycle）. ◆完成句子 （3）［2018·浙江卷］Paper bags （很容易被回收利用） but require more energy to produce and transport. recycled to recycleare easily recycled 教材原句p.28 living in harmony with nature 与自然和谐相处8 in harmony with 与……协调/ 一致搭配：live in harmony with 与……和谐相处 If human beings live in harmony with animals，our earth will be better. 如果人类与动物和谐相处，我们的地球就会更好。◆词语积累（1） harmony n. 融洽，和睦；和谐，协调live/work in harmony 和睦地生活/ 工作 social harmony 社会融洽the harmony of colour in nature 自然界色彩的协调（2） harmonious adj. 和睦的，融洽的；和谐的，协调的a harmonious society 和谐的社会 ◆单句语法填空（1） His suggestions are harmony with the aims of this project. （2） First and foremost，a （harmony） but competitive interaction in a group will help with everyone’s learning. ◆完成句子（3） Human life is regarded as part of nature and，as such，the only way for us to survive is to （与自然和谐相处）. （4）We must ensure that tourism （与环境 和谐发展）. in harmonious live in harmony with nature develops in harmony with the environment 教材原句p.28 maintaining the balance between human and nature 保持人与自然的平衡9 balance n. & v. （1）n. 平衡；天平，秤搭配: keep one’s balance 保持平衡 lose one’s balance 失去平衡keep a balance between A and B 保持 A 与 B 均衡 on balance 总的说来 I struggled to keep my balance on my new skates. 我穿着新溜冰鞋，努力保持平衡。［词汇复现］ Try to keep a balance between work and play. 尽量保持工作与娱乐的平衡。If the balance of nature is destroyed，it will take years to recover. 如果自然界的平衡被破坏了，要用很多年才能恢复。On balance，the company has had a successful year. 总的说来，公司这一年是成功的。（2）vi. & vt.（使）保持平衡；均衡；权衡搭配 ： balance （sth） on sth（使……）在……上保持平衡balance sth against sth 在……和……之间作出权衡 balance out 相等，相平衡She balanced the cup on her knee. 她把杯子在膝盖上放稳。 The cost of obtaining legal advice needs to be balanced against its benefits. 法律咨询的费用与其效益需要权衡一下。◆词语积累 balanced adj. 平衡的，均衡的 a balanced diet 均衡饮食 ◆单句语法填空（1）［2019·北京卷］An A-team may require balance—not just A players，but a few generous B players as well. （2） It is difficult for a working woman to keep balance between her family and her work. （3）［词汇复现］ balance，their performance was a great success. （4） After balancing a trip to the mountains the chance of a summer job， Mary chose the latter. （5） To our great joy，at the end of the year the account balanced . （6） A （balance） diet and regular exercise are both important to keep fit. ◆完成句子 （7）When he was running after his brother，the boy （失去了平衡），and had a bad fall. （8） In order to （ 保持平衡），Johnson took a firm hold onto a branch. a a On against out balancedlost his balance keep his balance 教材原句p.28 doing my part for the environment为环境尽我的一份力量10 do one’s part for sth 为某事尽自己的一份力量Every student should do his part for the class. 每个同学都要为班级尽自己的一份力量。【归纳拓展】 take part in 参与，参加 take an active part in 积极参加play a part in 在……中起作用；在……中扮演角色 play the part of 扮演……角色have a part to play（in sth）（在某事中）发挥作用 for one’s part 就某人而言for the most part 多半，通常 in part 在某种程度上；部分地How many athletes from all over the world took part in the last Olympic Games? 世界各地有多少运动员参加了上届奥运会？ For the most part，we play tennis on Sunday morning. 星期日上午我们通常打网球。 ◆单句语法填空（1） Everyone，whether you are old or young，can do your part the environment. （2） Are you going to take part the Winter Olympic Games in Beijing & Zhangjiakou in 2022? （3） Our car broke down，but the most part，the trip to Mount Tai was wonderful. （4） The failure was part due to his laziness. ◆完成句子 （5）［词汇复现］Individuals （发挥作用）in protecting the environment. （6） The Internet （ 在……中起着重要作用）our daily life. for in for inhave a part to playplays an important part in 教材原句p.29 What do they think is important to fight against global warming? 他们认为对抗全球变暖重要的是什么？ 11 fight against 与……作战；与……作斗争，反对…… They fought bravely against the enemy. 他们英勇地与敌人作战。 He spent a lifetime fighting against racism and prejudice. 他花了毕生的时间与种族歧视和偏见作斗争。The villagers tried to fight against building an airport on the land. 村民们试图反对在这片土地上建造一个机场。【归纳拓展】 fight for 努力争取，为……而斗争 fight back 抗争，还击；克制，忍住（情感） fight one’s way 奋力开出一条路；努力奋斗 fight with 与……交战；与……打架；与……并肩战斗fight with sb about/over sth 就某事与某人争辩He called on the workers to fight for equal rights. 他号召工人们为争取平等权利而斗争。She looked away，fighting back her tears. 她看向别处，强忍住泪水。 She gradually fought her way to the top of the company. 她努力奋斗，逐渐登上公司的高位。◆单句语法填空（1）With nothing on hand，they didn’t dare to fight the wolf. （2） They have been fighting freedom for years. （3） Whether you admit or not，we will have to fight difficulties. （4） In World War Ⅱ，the US fought the UK and France Germany. ◆完成句子 （5） I think he’ll be strong enough to （奋力开出一条路）along.（6） They call on people and the government to take measures to ___________________________ （与光污染作斗争）. against/with for against withagainstfight his way fight against light pollution 重点句式 教材原句p.28 not to leave the tap running不要让水龙头开着【句式分析】本句中的 leave the tap running 是“leave + 宾语 + 现在 分词”构成的leave 复合结构。句中的the tap 与run 之间是主动关 系，故用现在分词作宾补。1 leave + 宾语 + 宾补 使……处于某种状态该结构主要有以下几种形式： （1）leave+ 宾语+ 现在分词（表示主动或正在进行） Helen always leaves the light burning all night long. 海伦总是让灯整夜地亮着。（2）leave+ 宾语+ 过去分词（表示被动或已经完成） I’m sorry. I have left some of your questions unanswered. 很抱歉，你的有些问题我没有回答。（3）leave+ 宾语+ 不定式We must leave the children to solve their affairs themselves. 我们必须让孩子们自己解决自己的事情。（4）leave+ 宾语+ 形容词/ 副词/ 名词/ 介词短语Leave the door open，please. 请让门开着吧。 Leave the motor on. 让发动机开着。 （5）leave+ 宾语+ 从句 Please leave the chair where it is. 请把椅子留在原处。 ◆单句语法填空（1） His words left me （wonder） how to deal with the difficult problem. （2） His letter left me （feel） very disappointed. （3） Her parents left her （choose） her own friends from an early age. ◆完成句子 （4） 那位伟大的作家去世了，他的书还没有写完。 The great writer died， . （5） 他们都走开了，让我一个人站在那里。 They all walked off and __________________________________________. （6） 你把门窗关上了吗？ Did you ? （7） 我必须得回去——我想我没关电脑。 I’ll have to go back—I think I have . wonderingfeeling to choose leaving his book unfinished left me standing there all by myselfleave the doors and windows closed left the computer on教材原句p.28 not to leave the house with lights still on 不要亮着灯离开房子【句式分析】本句中的 with lights still on 是“with + 宾语 + 副词”构 成的with 复合结构。2 with 复合结构 构成：with+ 宾语 + 宾补常在句中作状语，表示原因、方式、时间、条件或伴随等。具体形式主要有： （1）with + 宾语 + 形容词/ 副词/ 介词短语He is studying with the door open. 他在开着门学习。 Mr Yang left the office with the computer on. 杨先生离开了办公室，电脑还开着。The maths teacher came in with a book in his hand. 数学老师手里拿着一本书进来了。 （2）with + 宾语 + 现在分词（表示主动或正在进行） Mr Brown was walking along the river with his dog following him. 布朗先生正沿着河边走着，他的狗跟在后面。（3）with + 宾语 + 过去分词（表示被动或已经完成） With the task finished，we left the company earlier than usual. 任务完成了，我们离开公司比往常早。（4）with+ 宾语 + 动词不定式（表示尚未发生） With so much work to do，I can’t go on holiday. 有这么多工作要做，我不能去度假。【学法点拨】 with 复合结构在句中还可作定语。Do you know the lady with a baby in her arms? 你认识那个抱着婴儿的女士吗？ ◆单句语法填空（1）With the experienced guide （lead） the way，we had no difficulty getting through the forest. （2） I think that I’ll do well in the exam with Mrs Chen （teach）me. （3）With a lot of problems （settle）， I can’t go skating with you. （4）With all the work （finish），they hurried back home for lunch. （5） The manager came in with his assistant （follow） him. （6） The living room is clean and tidy，with a dining table already （lay）for a meal to be cooked. ◆完成句子 （7） ___________________________________________（他的眼睛盯着屏幕）， Tom didn’t notice his father come in. （8） （因为无人求助），she had to depend on herself. （9） （伴随着人群的欢呼），they drove to the palace. （10）Alice sat there， （泪流满面）. leading teaching to settlefinishedfollowing laid With his eyes fixed/focused on the screen With no one to turn to for help With the crowd cheering with tears rolling down her cheeks 教材原句p.29 Climate change is a terrible problem，and it absolutely needs to be solved. 气候变化是一个严重的问题，它绝对需要解决。3 need to be done （某事）需要被做当句子的主语与need 后的动词之间是被动关系时，需用to be done 或用doing 的主动形式表达被动含义。Your hair is too long and it needs to be cut/needs cutting. 你的头发太长了，需要剪了。【学法点拨】 need to do sth 意为“需要做某事；有必要做某事”，主语（通常是人） 与 need 后的动词之间是主动关系。You need to book the ticket in advance. 你需要提前订票。 【归纳拓展】 want，require 作“需要”讲，deserve 作“值得”讲时，若主语与其后的动词之间是被动关系，也接doing/to be done 形式。若为主动关系，需用to do。这个问题值得仔细考虑。 The problem deserves considering carefully. The problem deserves to be considered carefully. ◆单句语法填空（1） The flowers are dry and they need （water）. （2） I need （get）in shape. How do I register for the classes? （3） We’ve had a good start，but next，more work needs （do）to achieve the final success. （4） In this article，you need （back） up general statements with specific examples. （5） The house is in a mess and it requires （ clean）. （6） The walls of the old house need （ paint）. to be watered/watering to get to be done/ doing to back to be cleaned/cleaning to be painted/painting 教材原句p.29 We are using resources as if we had two planets， not one. 我们在使用资源，就好像我们有两个地球，而不是一个。【句式分析】本句中的 as if 引导的是方式状语从句，从句使用了虚 拟语气，表示与现在事实相反的情况。4 as if 引导方式状语从句as if 引导的方式状语从句常用虚拟语气，表示所述的情况与事实相反。Mrs Lee treats the orphan as if he were her own son. 李太太把这个孤儿当作自己的儿子一样对待。Martin behaved as if he had won a big prize. 马丁表现得好像赢得了大奖似的。Paul opened his mouth as if he would say something. 保罗张开嘴，好像要说些什么。 【误区警示】 （1） as if 引导的从句有时可用省略形式，即“as if + 分词/ 不定式/ 形容词/ 介词短语等”。She stood at the door as if waiting for someone. 她站在门口，好像在等人。（2） as if 还可引导表语从句，用于look，seem，sound，appear 之后。如果表示的情况与事实相反，从句用陈述语气。It looks as if we will be late. 我们看起来好像要迟到了。 It seems as if the man is very poor. 这个人看起来好像很穷。 ◆单句语法填空（1） Don’t handle the vase as if it （be） made of steel. （2） Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it （happen） yesterday. （3） Your uncle talks about Rome as if he （ be） there before. （4） The black clouds are gathering. It looks as if it （be） going to rain. （5） The meat over there tastes as if it （ go） bad，so you’d better throw it away. （6） Lucy looked at her watch from time to time as if she （be） waiting for someone. （7） The injured soldier opened his mouth as if （say） something to the doctor. ◆完成句子 （8） In the face of the disaster，he acted calmly （好像什么也没 发生似的）. （9）［2017·全国Ⅰ卷］When fat and salt is removed from food，the food tastes ______________ （好像少了什么东西）. werehappenedhad been is has gone was to say as if nothing had happenedas if it ismissing something Thank you.
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