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UNIT 8 WRITING WORKSHOP~CHECK YOUR PROGRESS（课件PPT）
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这是一份UNIT 8 WRITING WORKSHOP~CHECK YOUR PROGRESS（课件PPT），共44页。
UNIT 8 GREEN LIVINGWRITING WORKSHOP~CHECK YOUR PROGRESS参考答案：a，d，c，b Language points核心词汇 教材原句p.40 Last August，city officials interviewed about 500 residents to find out... 去年8 月，城市官员采访了大约500 名居民，调查了解…… 1 official n. 官员，高级职员 adj. 公务的；官方的a government official 一名政府官员 official responsibilities公务 an official announcement/statement官方公告 / 声明 make an official visit进行正式访问 English and French are the official languages of Canada. 英语和法语是加拿大的官方语言。【一言助记】 John used to be an officer，but now he is an official in a department. 约翰原来是一位军官，但现在他是一个部门的官员。◆词语积累 officially adv. 官方地；正式地题组练·领悟方法◆单句语法填空（1） The man from Croatia was （official） recognized as the new record holder by Guinness World Records. （2） In 2016，China （official） began the Mars exploration mission work. ◆完成句子 （3） It is for this reason that Spanish is （主要的官方语言）of Peru. （4） He （ 正式访问） France in March last year. officially officially the main official language made an official visit to 教材原句p.40 ...to find out people’s attitudes to protecting the environment and what actions they had taken. ……调查了解人们对保护环境的态度和他们采取了什么 行动。2 attitude n. 看法；态度 搭配：one’s attitude to/towards 某人对……的态度have/take/adopt an attitude to/towards 对……持某种态度change one’s attitude 改变某人的态度 an attitude of mind 心态On seeing the million-pound bank note，the waiter changed his attitude to Henry at once. 一看见那张百万英镑的钞票，服务员立刻改变了对亨利的态度。You should pay attention to your attitude of mind. 你应该注意你的心态。【一言助记】 As the saying goes，attitude determines altitude. Nothing is too difficult if you set your mind to it. 俗话说，态度决定高度。世上无难事，只怕有心人。 ◆单句语法填空（1） In my opinion，it is necessary to hold an objective attitude ratings. （2）［词汇复现］His attitude to （protect） the wild animals is very firm. （3） Only when you take a positive attitude the project will you enjoy the whole process. ◆完成句子（4） I dislike him because he always （对……有不好的态 度）the people around him. （5） People （ 对生活持积极态度） are more likely to succeed. to/towards protecting to/towards has a bad attitude to/towards with a positive attitude to/ towards life 教材原句p.40 More than half of those who took part in the survey had done four of the five activities in the past month. 参加调查的人中，有一半以上在近一个月中完成了五项活动中的四项。3 take part (in) 参加（无宾语时不用in）【词语辨析】take part in，join in，join 与 attend Peter takes part in many school activities. 彼得参加很多学校活动。 She wanted to take part but she was too ill.她想参加，但她病得太厉害了。 【归纳拓展】 take an active part in 积极参加（当part 前有形容词修饰时，形容词前要用不定冠词） play a part in 在……中起作用；在……中扮演角色【语境串联】 My brother attended a law school after he left high school. Yesterday he attended the meeting held in his class. He took part in/joined in the discussion whether they would join a theater club. At last，most students signed up for it，including my brother. 我的哥哥高中毕业后上了一所法律学校。昨天，他参加了他们班举行的会议。他参与了他们是否应该参加一个戏剧俱乐部的讨论。最后，大多数学生报名参加了，包括我的哥哥。 ◆单句语法填空（1）［2017·全国Ⅲ卷］But Sarah，who has taken part shows along with top models， wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty. （2） We are talking about how to protect the environment. Would you like to join our discussion? （3） Body language plays an important part an interview. ◆完成句子（4）［词汇复现］My teacher gave me a chance to （参加）designing the class poster. （5） Many athletes are dreaming of （参加） the Olympic Games. （6） They organized a debate，but I （没有参加）. （7） Nowadays women （正积极参加） social activities. in in in take part in taking part in didn’t take part are taking an active part in ◆选词填空（take part in/join in/join/attend） （8） My sister the League last month and she has decided to the activities to help the aged in town as a volunteer. （9） Ten strong young Chinese students are required to the boat race. （10）You can enjoy matches without a club or belonging to a team. （11）The meeting is on the fifth of May and we’re hoping everyone will . joinedtake part in take part in/join in joiningattend 教材原句p.40 ...and more than two thirds（70%）had tried to cut back on the use of disposable packaging... ……超过三分之二（70%）的人曾试图减少一次性包装的使用…… 4 cut back on 削减，缩减Several major hospitals are cutting back on staff at the moment. 几家大医院现在正在裁员。Father became out of work. Therefore，we had to cut back on our expenses. 父亲失业了。因此，我们不得不削减开支。［词汇复现］ 【归纳拓展】 cut across 走捷径，抄近路穿过 cut in 插嘴；插入cut down 砍倒；删节；减少 cut down on 减少，缩减cut up 切碎 cut out 删掉；剪下；裁剪 cut off 切掉；切断；打断（某人讲话）；使……与外界隔绝He was stopped when he tried to cut in on the queue. 他试图插队时被人拦住了。 ◆单句语法填空（1） The Smiths are not rich，so they have to cut back many things. （2） In my opinion，you should give up smoking and cut down drinking. （3） My uncle hasn’t been able to give up smoking， but at least he has cut . ◆完成句子（4） I found I had to （ 缩减） a lot of things，including food. （5） Finally he reached a lonely island which was completely （ 与……隔绝） the outside world. （6） I like this article so I （ 把它从……剪下来）the newspaper. on on down cut back on cut off from cut it out of 教材原句p.40 Also，the majority of residents had cycled or walked. 此外，大多数居民都骑过自行车或步行过。5 majority n. 大多数搭配: the majority of... 大多数…… be in the/a majority 占大多数 In this program，the majority of the students dropped out. 在这个项目中，大多数学生都辍学了。Women are in the majority in those clothes factories. 在那些服装厂里，女性占大多数。◆词语积累 major adj. 大的，主要的，重要的 n. 主修课程；主修学生 vi. 主修 major in 主修…… When I was at university，I majored in English. 我上大学时主修英语。◆单句语法填空（1） The （major） of students interviewed prefer TV to radio. （2） I want to major biology because I have long wondered about the origin of life. （3） In the teaching profession，women are in majority. ◆完成句子（4）［2019·浙江卷］Their victory in America was still remembered as _____________________ （ 一个主要的转折点） in the history of rock and roll. （5） One third of the country is covered with trees and （大多数） the citizens are black people. majority in a/the a major turning pointthe majority of 教材原句p.40 To sum up，it seems that almost all who took part understood the need to help take care of the environment. 总之，似乎几乎所有的参与者都明白帮助保护环境的必要性。6 sum v. & n. （1）v. 概括，总结 搭配 ： sum up/sum sth up 总结，概括 to sum up 总之（作插入语） The contents of the article may be summed up in a few words. 这篇文章的内容可以用几句话加以概括。［词汇复现］ To sum up，the young players performed well in the last match. 总之，这些年轻的队员在上一场比赛中表现得不错。［词汇复现］ （2）n. 和，总数；金额，款项 搭配 ： in sum 总之，总而言之 the sum of... ……的和/总数a large sum of money一大笔钱 a six-figure sum 一笔六位数的款项 ◆单句语法填空（1） To sum ，we should never forget the old days. （2） In your final paragraph，sum your argument. ◆完成句子 （3） （总之），we have achieved a lot，but we still need to work harder. （4） （……的总和） all the angles of a triangle is 180 degrees. （5） The city’s problem （可以用三个词来概括）: too many people. up up To sum up/In sum The sum of can be summed up in three words 教材原句p.40 This indicates that the residents needed to pay more attention to these two activities. 这表明居民需要更多地关注这两项活动。7 indicate vt. 表明，显示；象征，暗示搭配：indicate that... 表明…… This incident indicates the importance of education. 这起事件表明了教育的重要性。This discovery indicates that plants have a reaction when danger comes. 这个发现表明当危险来临时，植物是有反应的。A red sky at night often indicates fine weather the next day. 夜空呈红色往往预兆第二天天气晴朗。◆词语积累 indication n. 标示；迹象 indicator n. 指示器；指标indicative adj. 指示的；标示的 give（sb）indication 给（某人）指示 ◆单句语法填空（1） There is a great deal of evidence （ indicate） that music activities engage different parts of the brain. （2） Forms will be available in school and online for them （indicate） their choices. （3） The President appeared at the party， （ indicate） that he had recovered from his illness. （4）Wild goats’ appearance on the vast grasslands was a good （indicate） of the better environment. indicating to indicate indicating indication 教材原句p.43 If the waste is not disposed of properly， it can lead to disease，pollution and other environmental issues. 如果废物处理不当，会导致疾病、污染和其他环境问题。8 lead to 引起，导致；通向，通往（to 是介词） Generally we dislike arguments，and we avoid topics which lead to disagreement. 一般来说，我们不喜欢争论，并避开那些导致分歧的话题。All roads lead to Rome.（谚）条条大路通罗马。 【归纳拓展】 （1） 表示“导致”的其他短语：contribute to，result in，bring about （2） 以介词to 结尾的动词短语： look forward to 盼望，期待 get down to 开始认真做devote to 致力于；奉献于 be used/accustomed to 习惯于belong to 属于 stick to 坚持pay attention to 注意 refer to 提到；参考；涉及 ◆单句语法填空（1） Many of these chemicals can lead cancer or other illnesses. （2） The new evidence led to him （arrest） by the police. （3） When they catch the light，ONB groups fall off the polymer，leading its breakdown. （4） Many graduates clearly do contribute national wealth，but so do all the businesses that invest and create jobs. （5） Experts say small talk is an invaluable social practice that results big benefits. to being arrested to to in 教材原句p.43 They’re also setting a great example for others about how to make the best of a bad situation. 他们也为其他人树立了一个关于如何充分利用一个糟糕情况的好榜样。9 make the best of 充分利用（不利条件） We are stuck here，so we might as well make the best of it. 反正我们被困在这儿了，不如随遇而安吧。【归纳拓展】 make the most of 充分利用（有利条件） make full/good use of 充分利用 make use of 利用 George studied hard. He wanted to make the most of his chance to learn. 乔治学习很努力。他想充分利用他的学习机会。Not all schools make use of the opportunities open to them. 并不是所有的学校都能利用他们面临的机会。 ◆单句语法填空（1） This was my reality and I had to make best of it. （2）We are flying to London for our holidays and I’ll make use the chance to practice my spoken English. （3） In my opinion，it’s the best use that could （make）of the money. ◆完成句子 （4） I will （充分利用）my spare time in order to enrich my vocabulary. the of be made make full/good use of 教材原句p.44 Global warming has already caused a wide range of problems. 全球变暖已经引起了一系列的问题。10 a range of 一系列的；各种各样的a range of services 一系列服务 a range of problems一系列问题 There is a range of outdoor activities to enjoy along the coasts. 沿着海岸有一系列的户外活动可以享受。At a large school，you’ll be able to find a wider range of research sources. 在一所大学校，你将能够找到更广泛的研究来源。【学法点拨】 a range of 中的range 前可用 wide，broad 等修饰，表示范围大。 【归纳拓展】 in/within range of... 在……的范围内 out of/beyond range of... 超出……的范围range from A to B 在 A 到 B 之间变化；包括从 A 到 B 之间的各种 事物range between A and B 在 A 和B 之间变化 It’s best to stay out of range of fireworks. 最好是远离烟花。The temperature of this city ranges from 0℃ to 30℃ . 这个城市的气温在0℃ 到 30℃之间变化。 ◆单句语法填空（1） Those who truly understand the economic impact and can work to change the patterns can create wide range of career possibilities. （2） The two leaders talked about lots of topics， （range） from peace to education. （3） It is very easy to find a table our price range in this shop. ◆完成句子（4）［词汇复现］Thanks to the Internet，we can do （各种各样 的） things online. （5） The football team contained ten players whose ages __________________________________ （在10 到15 岁之间）. （6）［词汇复现］ My group took part in activities ____________________________________ （范围从阅读英语书到打扫房屋）. a rangingin/within a wide/broad range of ranged between 10 and 15/ranging from reading English booksranged from 10 to 15to cleaning houses 教材原句p.44 This resulted in the flooding of the River Po near Turin in Italy. 这导致意大利都灵附近的波河洪水泛滥。11 flooding n. 水灾，洪水泛滥There is a lot of flooding in this area during the summer. 这一地区夏天经常发生水灾。The flooding which happened last week caused great damage to the crops. 上周发生的水灾对庄稼造成了很大的破坏。◆词语积累 flood n. 洪水；大量（的人或事物） v. 淹没；涌到；（感觉或回忆）涌现flooded adj. 被淹没的 a flood of... 大量的…… be in flood（河水）泛滥 flood in 大量涌入（不及物） flood into... 大量涌入……（及物） flood out of... 蜂拥而出…… flood back（感觉或回忆）突然涌现 be flooded with... 充满…… Memories of her childhood came flooding back. 她童年的回忆涌上心头。◆单句语法填空（1） Even though there is still a lot of （flood），I believe yesterday is more dangerous than today. （2） Telephone calls came flooding from all over the country. （3） The food will be transported to the （flood） areas by air. ◆完成句子（4） Farmers，as well as （ 大量的） foreigners from Spain and Italy， came to Buenos Aires to seek jobs. （5） When Anna heard the bad news，her eyes （充满） tears. flooding in flooded a flood of were flooded with 教材原句p.45 ...the most effective way of solving the problem of overflowing landfills is to encourage people to take responsibility for... ……解决废弃物填埋场泛滥问题最有效的方法是鼓励市民负起……的责任。12 overflow vi. & vt. 满是，有许多；泛滥搭配：overflow with 充满…… The garden overflows with colours.花园里色彩缤纷。 My heart is overflowing with gratitude.我的心里充满感激之情。 The river overflows every summer. 这条河每年夏天都泛滥。 The flood overflowed the whole village within a short time. 洪水顷刻间淹没了全村。【归纳拓展】 前缀over- 表示“过分，过多；在上，从上，越过”： overtake 超过；赶上 overdo 把……做得过分 overlook 忽视；俯瞰 overhear 偶然听到 overuse 过度使用 overthrow 推翻 ◆完成句子（1） The milk （溢满了杯子），so don’t touch it now. （2） The flood （淹没了山谷）quickly. （3） The hall （ 挤满） students，and some had to stand outside. （4） Our English teacher is kind and （充满了爱）. （5） Don’t （过度使用手机），or it will be harmful to your eyes. is overflowing the cup overflowed the valley was overflowing withoverflows with loveoveruse the cellphone 教材原句p.47 ...we should focus on things like cheaper buses. ……我们应该把重点放在像更便宜的公共汽车这样的事情上。13 focus on 集中（注意力、精力等）于，关注搭配 ：focus one’s attention/mind/eyes/energy/efforts/thoughts on... 集中某人的注意力 / 心思/ 目光/ 精力/ 努力/ 思想于…… keep...focused on 使……集中于 Peter focused on/focused his attention on his homework. 彼得把注意力集中在他的家庭作业上。Helen focused the camera on the pandas，who were playing happily. 海伦把相机对准正玩得开心的大熊猫。A nearsighted person cannot focus accurately on distant objects. 一个近视的人不能够准确地调节眼睛以看到远处的物体。Could you keep your energy focused on the work? 你能否使你的精力集中于你的工作上？ 【归纳拓展】 fix one’s attention on 把某人的注意力集中于concentrate on 集中（注意力、精力）于 pay attention to 注意You should pay more attention to your health. 你应该多注意你的健康。◆单句语法填空（1）［词汇复现］In 2013，Lang Lang became a Messenger of Peace of the UN，___________ （focus） on global education. （2） As an art lover who took up learning at the age of five，I prefer that your lecture should focus Western painting. （3）With his attention （focus）on the match，he didn’t notice that it was getting late. ◆完成句子（4）［词汇复现］He would rather （集中精力于）his research than give speeches all around the world. （5） He sat silently by the window，with his eyes （集中于） the beautiful scenery outside. （6） In the past，they （ 集中 注意力于保持）their soil rich and free of disease. focusing on focused focus onfocused on/fixed on focused on keeping/focused their attention on keeping 教材原句p.47 For example，in some cities where bike-sharing systems are in place，some people have damaged the bikes on purpose，which increases costs. 例如，在一些自行车共享系统已经就位的城市中， 一些人故意损坏自行车，这增加了成本。14 in place 在正确位置；准备就绪Everything on his table is in place. 他桌子上的东西都整整齐齐。 Money is already in place. We will begin the project next week. 资金已准备就绪。我们下周就开始这个项目。【归纳拓展】 （1） out of place 不在适当的位置；不适当 in place of sb（=in sb’s place）代替，取代 take the place of 代替，取代 take one’s place 代替，取代；就座 take place 发生，举行 I felt completely out of place among all these successful people. 夹在这些事业有成的人中间，我觉得格格不入。（2） replace A with B 用B 代替A replace... as... 取代……作为…… Human beings will be replaced with robots in many ways. 在很多方面，人类将被机器人代替。◆写出下列句中in place 的含义（1） The glass was held in place by a few pieces of sellotape（透明胶带）._______________ （2） The arrangements for the art festival next weekend are all in place. ◆完成句子（3） The furniture，with its modern style and bright colours，suits modern houses and their gardens，but looks （不适当） in the garden of a traditional home. （4）Watching television （代替） similar sorts of recreation，such as listening to the radio and playing sport. （5） He was unable to come to the ceremony，but he sent his son to accept the award __________ （代替他）. （6） Great changes （发生） in the way people communicate in recent years. 在正确位置 准备就绪 out of place takes the place of in his place have taken place 15 on purpose 故意地，有意地In order to attract the policeman’s attention，Henry broke the window on purpose. 为了引起那位警察的注意，亨利故意打破了窗户。I didn’t push her on purpose；it was an accident. 我不是存心推她，这是个意外。【归纳拓展】同义词语：by design；deliberately 反义词语：by accident；by chance；accidentally；unexpectedly（偶然 地，意外地） for/with the purpose of... 目的是……，为了…… I have heard by accident that he will go to Beijing next month. 我偶然听说他下个月要去北京。◆单句语法填空（1） Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree to which they can be controlled purpose. （2） It is possible that the famous writer left his overcoat in the hotel accident. ◆完成句子（3）［词汇复现］Mark made much noise （故意地） so that he could attract Helen’s attention. （4） Mary came to New York after graduation （为了） getting a well-paid job. on by on purpose with/for the purpose of 重点句式 教材原句p.40 As the diagram shows，the percentage of those who felt that they needed to help protect the environment is as high as 96%. 如图所示，那些认为他们需要帮助保护环境的人的比例高达96%。 as 引导非限制性定语从句as 引导非限制性定语从句时，指代整个主句的内容，as 意为“正如， 正像”。as 引导的定语从句可位于主句之前、主句中间或主句之后， 一般用逗号与主句隔开。As the famous writer once said，“Knowledge is power. ” 正如这位著名作家曾经说过的，“知识就是力量。” He chose to be a lawyer，as was expected. 正如预料的那样，他选择了当一名律师。The number of the pandas，as is expected，has risen a lot. 正如人们所期待的，大熊猫的数量已经增加了很多。 【归纳拓展】 as 引导的非限制性定语从句通常有以下固定的表达： as we all know 正如大家所知 as I can remember 正如我所记得的as often happens 正如经常发生的 as we expect 正如我们所预料的as you see 如你所见 as has been said before 如前所述as is known to all 众所周知 as was expected 正如预料的那样as is often the case 情况常常如此 as may be imagined 正如可以想象出来的那样【学法点拨】当主句的先行词被 the same，as，such，so 等修饰时，要用 as 引导定语从句，as 在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。Such a student as works hard has meant to be somebody in the future. 一个如此努力的学生将来一定很有出息。 We are all faced with the same environmental problem as is caused by the serious air pollution. 我们所有人都面临着严重的空气污染造成的同样的环境问题。◆单句语法填空（1） The number of smokers， is reported，has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. （2）［2018·全国Ⅰ 卷］If you are time poor，you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits other sports，so perhaps you should all give it a try. （3） is often the case with children， Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived. ◆同义句转换（4） It is known to us all that Beijing and Zhang-jiakou will host the 2022 Winter Olympic Games. = ，Beijing and Zhangjiakou will host the 2022 Winter Olympic Games. ◆完成句子（5）There is no simple answer， （情况常常如此）in science. （6） （众所周知）， the moon travels round the earth once every month. （7） （正如报道的那样），it is over 100 years since Tsinghua University was founded. as as As As is known to all as is often the case As is known to all As is reported Thank you.
UNIT 8 GREEN LIVINGWRITING WORKSHOP~CHECK YOUR PROGRESS参考答案：a，d，c，b Language points核心词汇 教材原句p.40 Last August，city officials interviewed about 500 residents to find out... 去年8 月，城市官员采访了大约500 名居民，调查了解…… 1 official n. 官员，高级职员 adj. 公务的；官方的a government official 一名政府官员 official responsibilities公务 an official announcement/statement官方公告 / 声明 make an official visit进行正式访问 English and French are the official languages of Canada. 英语和法语是加拿大的官方语言。【一言助记】 John used to be an officer，but now he is an official in a department. 约翰原来是一位军官，但现在他是一个部门的官员。◆词语积累 officially adv. 官方地；正式地题组练·领悟方法◆单句语法填空（1） The man from Croatia was （official） recognized as the new record holder by Guinness World Records. （2） In 2016，China （official） began the Mars exploration mission work. ◆完成句子 （3） It is for this reason that Spanish is （主要的官方语言）of Peru. （4） He （ 正式访问） France in March last year. officially officially the main official language made an official visit to 教材原句p.40 ...to find out people’s attitudes to protecting the environment and what actions they had taken. ……调查了解人们对保护环境的态度和他们采取了什么 行动。2 attitude n. 看法；态度 搭配：one’s attitude to/towards 某人对……的态度have/take/adopt an attitude to/towards 对……持某种态度change one’s attitude 改变某人的态度 an attitude of mind 心态On seeing the million-pound bank note，the waiter changed his attitude to Henry at once. 一看见那张百万英镑的钞票，服务员立刻改变了对亨利的态度。You should pay attention to your attitude of mind. 你应该注意你的心态。【一言助记】 As the saying goes，attitude determines altitude. Nothing is too difficult if you set your mind to it. 俗话说，态度决定高度。世上无难事，只怕有心人。 ◆单句语法填空（1） In my opinion，it is necessary to hold an objective attitude ratings. （2）［词汇复现］His attitude to （protect） the wild animals is very firm. （3） Only when you take a positive attitude the project will you enjoy the whole process. ◆完成句子（4） I dislike him because he always （对……有不好的态 度）the people around him. （5） People （ 对生活持积极态度） are more likely to succeed. to/towards protecting to/towards has a bad attitude to/towards with a positive attitude to/ towards life 教材原句p.40 More than half of those who took part in the survey had done four of the five activities in the past month. 参加调查的人中，有一半以上在近一个月中完成了五项活动中的四项。3 take part (in) 参加（无宾语时不用in）【词语辨析】take part in，join in，join 与 attend Peter takes part in many school activities. 彼得参加很多学校活动。 She wanted to take part but she was too ill.她想参加，但她病得太厉害了。 【归纳拓展】 take an active part in 积极参加（当part 前有形容词修饰时，形容词前要用不定冠词） play a part in 在……中起作用；在……中扮演角色【语境串联】 My brother attended a law school after he left high school. Yesterday he attended the meeting held in his class. He took part in/joined in the discussion whether they would join a theater club. At last，most students signed up for it，including my brother. 我的哥哥高中毕业后上了一所法律学校。昨天，他参加了他们班举行的会议。他参与了他们是否应该参加一个戏剧俱乐部的讨论。最后，大多数学生报名参加了，包括我的哥哥。 ◆单句语法填空（1）［2017·全国Ⅲ卷］But Sarah，who has taken part shows along with top models， wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty. （2） We are talking about how to protect the environment. Would you like to join our discussion? （3） Body language plays an important part an interview. ◆完成句子（4）［词汇复现］My teacher gave me a chance to （参加）designing the class poster. （5） Many athletes are dreaming of （参加） the Olympic Games. （6） They organized a debate，but I （没有参加）. （7） Nowadays women （正积极参加） social activities. in in in take part in taking part in didn’t take part are taking an active part in ◆选词填空（take part in/join in/join/attend） （8） My sister the League last month and she has decided to the activities to help the aged in town as a volunteer. （9） Ten strong young Chinese students are required to the boat race. （10）You can enjoy matches without a club or belonging to a team. （11）The meeting is on the fifth of May and we’re hoping everyone will . joinedtake part in take part in/join in joiningattend 教材原句p.40 ...and more than two thirds（70%）had tried to cut back on the use of disposable packaging... ……超过三分之二（70%）的人曾试图减少一次性包装的使用…… 4 cut back on 削减，缩减Several major hospitals are cutting back on staff at the moment. 几家大医院现在正在裁员。Father became out of work. Therefore，we had to cut back on our expenses. 父亲失业了。因此，我们不得不削减开支。［词汇复现］ 【归纳拓展】 cut across 走捷径，抄近路穿过 cut in 插嘴；插入cut down 砍倒；删节；减少 cut down on 减少，缩减cut up 切碎 cut out 删掉；剪下；裁剪 cut off 切掉；切断；打断（某人讲话）；使……与外界隔绝He was stopped when he tried to cut in on the queue. 他试图插队时被人拦住了。 ◆单句语法填空（1） The Smiths are not rich，so they have to cut back many things. （2） In my opinion，you should give up smoking and cut down drinking. （3） My uncle hasn’t been able to give up smoking， but at least he has cut . ◆完成句子（4） I found I had to （ 缩减） a lot of things，including food. （5） Finally he reached a lonely island which was completely （ 与……隔绝） the outside world. （6） I like this article so I （ 把它从……剪下来）the newspaper. on on down cut back on cut off from cut it out of 教材原句p.40 Also，the majority of residents had cycled or walked. 此外，大多数居民都骑过自行车或步行过。5 majority n. 大多数搭配: the majority of... 大多数…… be in the/a majority 占大多数 In this program，the majority of the students dropped out. 在这个项目中，大多数学生都辍学了。Women are in the majority in those clothes factories. 在那些服装厂里，女性占大多数。◆词语积累 major adj. 大的，主要的，重要的 n. 主修课程；主修学生 vi. 主修 major in 主修…… When I was at university，I majored in English. 我上大学时主修英语。◆单句语法填空（1） The （major） of students interviewed prefer TV to radio. （2） I want to major biology because I have long wondered about the origin of life. （3） In the teaching profession，women are in majority. ◆完成句子（4）［2019·浙江卷］Their victory in America was still remembered as _____________________ （ 一个主要的转折点） in the history of rock and roll. （5） One third of the country is covered with trees and （大多数） the citizens are black people. majority in a/the a major turning pointthe majority of 教材原句p.40 To sum up，it seems that almost all who took part understood the need to help take care of the environment. 总之，似乎几乎所有的参与者都明白帮助保护环境的必要性。6 sum v. & n. （1）v. 概括，总结 搭配 ： sum up/sum sth up 总结，概括 to sum up 总之（作插入语） The contents of the article may be summed up in a few words. 这篇文章的内容可以用几句话加以概括。［词汇复现］ To sum up，the young players performed well in the last match. 总之，这些年轻的队员在上一场比赛中表现得不错。［词汇复现］ （2）n. 和，总数；金额，款项 搭配 ： in sum 总之，总而言之 the sum of... ……的和/总数a large sum of money一大笔钱 a six-figure sum 一笔六位数的款项 ◆单句语法填空（1） To sum ，we should never forget the old days. （2） In your final paragraph，sum your argument. ◆完成句子 （3） （总之），we have achieved a lot，but we still need to work harder. （4） （……的总和） all the angles of a triangle is 180 degrees. （5） The city’s problem （可以用三个词来概括）: too many people. up up To sum up/In sum The sum of can be summed up in three words 教材原句p.40 This indicates that the residents needed to pay more attention to these two activities. 这表明居民需要更多地关注这两项活动。7 indicate vt. 表明，显示；象征，暗示搭配：indicate that... 表明…… This incident indicates the importance of education. 这起事件表明了教育的重要性。This discovery indicates that plants have a reaction when danger comes. 这个发现表明当危险来临时，植物是有反应的。A red sky at night often indicates fine weather the next day. 夜空呈红色往往预兆第二天天气晴朗。◆词语积累 indication n. 标示；迹象 indicator n. 指示器；指标indicative adj. 指示的；标示的 give（sb）indication 给（某人）指示 ◆单句语法填空（1） There is a great deal of evidence （ indicate） that music activities engage different parts of the brain. （2） Forms will be available in school and online for them （indicate） their choices. （3） The President appeared at the party， （ indicate） that he had recovered from his illness. （4）Wild goats’ appearance on the vast grasslands was a good （indicate） of the better environment. indicating to indicate indicating indication 教材原句p.43 If the waste is not disposed of properly， it can lead to disease，pollution and other environmental issues. 如果废物处理不当，会导致疾病、污染和其他环境问题。8 lead to 引起，导致；通向，通往（to 是介词） Generally we dislike arguments，and we avoid topics which lead to disagreement. 一般来说，我们不喜欢争论，并避开那些导致分歧的话题。All roads lead to Rome.（谚）条条大路通罗马。 【归纳拓展】 （1） 表示“导致”的其他短语：contribute to，result in，bring about （2） 以介词to 结尾的动词短语： look forward to 盼望，期待 get down to 开始认真做devote to 致力于；奉献于 be used/accustomed to 习惯于belong to 属于 stick to 坚持pay attention to 注意 refer to 提到；参考；涉及 ◆单句语法填空（1） Many of these chemicals can lead cancer or other illnesses. （2） The new evidence led to him （arrest） by the police. （3） When they catch the light，ONB groups fall off the polymer，leading its breakdown. （4） Many graduates clearly do contribute national wealth，but so do all the businesses that invest and create jobs. （5） Experts say small talk is an invaluable social practice that results big benefits. to being arrested to to in 教材原句p.43 They’re also setting a great example for others about how to make the best of a bad situation. 他们也为其他人树立了一个关于如何充分利用一个糟糕情况的好榜样。9 make the best of 充分利用（不利条件） We are stuck here，so we might as well make the best of it. 反正我们被困在这儿了，不如随遇而安吧。【归纳拓展】 make the most of 充分利用（有利条件） make full/good use of 充分利用 make use of 利用 George studied hard. He wanted to make the most of his chance to learn. 乔治学习很努力。他想充分利用他的学习机会。Not all schools make use of the opportunities open to them. 并不是所有的学校都能利用他们面临的机会。 ◆单句语法填空（1） This was my reality and I had to make best of it. （2）We are flying to London for our holidays and I’ll make use the chance to practice my spoken English. （3） In my opinion，it’s the best use that could （make）of the money. ◆完成句子 （4） I will （充分利用）my spare time in order to enrich my vocabulary. the of be made make full/good use of 教材原句p.44 Global warming has already caused a wide range of problems. 全球变暖已经引起了一系列的问题。10 a range of 一系列的；各种各样的a range of services 一系列服务 a range of problems一系列问题 There is a range of outdoor activities to enjoy along the coasts. 沿着海岸有一系列的户外活动可以享受。At a large school，you’ll be able to find a wider range of research sources. 在一所大学校，你将能够找到更广泛的研究来源。【学法点拨】 a range of 中的range 前可用 wide，broad 等修饰，表示范围大。 【归纳拓展】 in/within range of... 在……的范围内 out of/beyond range of... 超出……的范围range from A to B 在 A 到 B 之间变化；包括从 A 到 B 之间的各种 事物range between A and B 在 A 和B 之间变化 It’s best to stay out of range of fireworks. 最好是远离烟花。The temperature of this city ranges from 0℃ to 30℃ . 这个城市的气温在0℃ 到 30℃之间变化。 ◆单句语法填空（1） Those who truly understand the economic impact and can work to change the patterns can create wide range of career possibilities. （2） The two leaders talked about lots of topics， （range） from peace to education. （3） It is very easy to find a table our price range in this shop. ◆完成句子（4）［词汇复现］Thanks to the Internet，we can do （各种各样 的） things online. （5） The football team contained ten players whose ages __________________________________ （在10 到15 岁之间）. （6）［词汇复现］ My group took part in activities ____________________________________ （范围从阅读英语书到打扫房屋）. a rangingin/within a wide/broad range of ranged between 10 and 15/ranging from reading English booksranged from 10 to 15to cleaning houses 教材原句p.44 This resulted in the flooding of the River Po near Turin in Italy. 这导致意大利都灵附近的波河洪水泛滥。11 flooding n. 水灾，洪水泛滥There is a lot of flooding in this area during the summer. 这一地区夏天经常发生水灾。The flooding which happened last week caused great damage to the crops. 上周发生的水灾对庄稼造成了很大的破坏。◆词语积累 flood n. 洪水；大量（的人或事物） v. 淹没；涌到；（感觉或回忆）涌现flooded adj. 被淹没的 a flood of... 大量的…… be in flood（河水）泛滥 flood in 大量涌入（不及物） flood into... 大量涌入……（及物） flood out of... 蜂拥而出…… flood back（感觉或回忆）突然涌现 be flooded with... 充满…… Memories of her childhood came flooding back. 她童年的回忆涌上心头。◆单句语法填空（1） Even though there is still a lot of （flood），I believe yesterday is more dangerous than today. （2） Telephone calls came flooding from all over the country. （3） The food will be transported to the （flood） areas by air. ◆完成句子（4） Farmers，as well as （ 大量的） foreigners from Spain and Italy， came to Buenos Aires to seek jobs. （5） When Anna heard the bad news，her eyes （充满） tears. flooding in flooded a flood of were flooded with 教材原句p.45 ...the most effective way of solving the problem of overflowing landfills is to encourage people to take responsibility for... ……解决废弃物填埋场泛滥问题最有效的方法是鼓励市民负起……的责任。12 overflow vi. & vt. 满是，有许多；泛滥搭配：overflow with 充满…… The garden overflows with colours.花园里色彩缤纷。 My heart is overflowing with gratitude.我的心里充满感激之情。 The river overflows every summer. 这条河每年夏天都泛滥。 The flood overflowed the whole village within a short time. 洪水顷刻间淹没了全村。【归纳拓展】 前缀over- 表示“过分，过多；在上，从上，越过”： overtake 超过；赶上 overdo 把……做得过分 overlook 忽视；俯瞰 overhear 偶然听到 overuse 过度使用 overthrow 推翻 ◆完成句子（1） The milk （溢满了杯子），so don’t touch it now. （2） The flood （淹没了山谷）quickly. （3） The hall （ 挤满） students，and some had to stand outside. （4） Our English teacher is kind and （充满了爱）. （5） Don’t （过度使用手机），or it will be harmful to your eyes. is overflowing the cup overflowed the valley was overflowing withoverflows with loveoveruse the cellphone 教材原句p.47 ...we should focus on things like cheaper buses. ……我们应该把重点放在像更便宜的公共汽车这样的事情上。13 focus on 集中（注意力、精力等）于，关注搭配 ：focus one’s attention/mind/eyes/energy/efforts/thoughts on... 集中某人的注意力 / 心思/ 目光/ 精力/ 努力/ 思想于…… keep...focused on 使……集中于 Peter focused on/focused his attention on his homework. 彼得把注意力集中在他的家庭作业上。Helen focused the camera on the pandas，who were playing happily. 海伦把相机对准正玩得开心的大熊猫。A nearsighted person cannot focus accurately on distant objects. 一个近视的人不能够准确地调节眼睛以看到远处的物体。Could you keep your energy focused on the work? 你能否使你的精力集中于你的工作上？ 【归纳拓展】 fix one’s attention on 把某人的注意力集中于concentrate on 集中（注意力、精力）于 pay attention to 注意You should pay more attention to your health. 你应该多注意你的健康。◆单句语法填空（1）［词汇复现］In 2013，Lang Lang became a Messenger of Peace of the UN，___________ （focus） on global education. （2） As an art lover who took up learning at the age of five，I prefer that your lecture should focus Western painting. （3）With his attention （focus）on the match，he didn’t notice that it was getting late. ◆完成句子（4）［词汇复现］He would rather （集中精力于）his research than give speeches all around the world. （5） He sat silently by the window，with his eyes （集中于） the beautiful scenery outside. （6） In the past，they （ 集中 注意力于保持）their soil rich and free of disease. focusing on focused focus onfocused on/fixed on focused on keeping/focused their attention on keeping 教材原句p.47 For example，in some cities where bike-sharing systems are in place，some people have damaged the bikes on purpose，which increases costs. 例如，在一些自行车共享系统已经就位的城市中， 一些人故意损坏自行车，这增加了成本。14 in place 在正确位置；准备就绪Everything on his table is in place. 他桌子上的东西都整整齐齐。 Money is already in place. We will begin the project next week. 资金已准备就绪。我们下周就开始这个项目。【归纳拓展】 （1） out of place 不在适当的位置；不适当 in place of sb（=in sb’s place）代替，取代 take the place of 代替，取代 take one’s place 代替，取代；就座 take place 发生，举行 I felt completely out of place among all these successful people. 夹在这些事业有成的人中间，我觉得格格不入。（2） replace A with B 用B 代替A replace... as... 取代……作为…… Human beings will be replaced with robots in many ways. 在很多方面，人类将被机器人代替。◆写出下列句中in place 的含义（1） The glass was held in place by a few pieces of sellotape（透明胶带）._______________ （2） The arrangements for the art festival next weekend are all in place. ◆完成句子（3） The furniture，with its modern style and bright colours，suits modern houses and their gardens，but looks （不适当） in the garden of a traditional home. （4）Watching television （代替） similar sorts of recreation，such as listening to the radio and playing sport. （5） He was unable to come to the ceremony，but he sent his son to accept the award __________ （代替他）. （6） Great changes （发生） in the way people communicate in recent years. 在正确位置 准备就绪 out of place takes the place of in his place have taken place 15 on purpose 故意地，有意地In order to attract the policeman’s attention，Henry broke the window on purpose. 为了引起那位警察的注意，亨利故意打破了窗户。I didn’t push her on purpose；it was an accident. 我不是存心推她，这是个意外。【归纳拓展】同义词语：by design；deliberately 反义词语：by accident；by chance；accidentally；unexpectedly（偶然 地，意外地） for/with the purpose of... 目的是……，为了…… I have heard by accident that he will go to Beijing next month. 我偶然听说他下个月要去北京。◆单句语法填空（1） Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree to which they can be controlled purpose. （2） It is possible that the famous writer left his overcoat in the hotel accident. ◆完成句子（3）［词汇复现］Mark made much noise （故意地） so that he could attract Helen’s attention. （4） Mary came to New York after graduation （为了） getting a well-paid job. on by on purpose with/for the purpose of 重点句式 教材原句p.40 As the diagram shows，the percentage of those who felt that they needed to help protect the environment is as high as 96%. 如图所示，那些认为他们需要帮助保护环境的人的比例高达96%。 as 引导非限制性定语从句as 引导非限制性定语从句时，指代整个主句的内容，as 意为“正如， 正像”。as 引导的定语从句可位于主句之前、主句中间或主句之后， 一般用逗号与主句隔开。As the famous writer once said，“Knowledge is power. ” 正如这位著名作家曾经说过的，“知识就是力量。” He chose to be a lawyer，as was expected. 正如预料的那样，他选择了当一名律师。The number of the pandas，as is expected，has risen a lot. 正如人们所期待的，大熊猫的数量已经增加了很多。 【归纳拓展】 as 引导的非限制性定语从句通常有以下固定的表达： as we all know 正如大家所知 as I can remember 正如我所记得的as often happens 正如经常发生的 as we expect 正如我们所预料的as you see 如你所见 as has been said before 如前所述as is known to all 众所周知 as was expected 正如预料的那样as is often the case 情况常常如此 as may be imagined 正如可以想象出来的那样【学法点拨】当主句的先行词被 the same，as，such，so 等修饰时，要用 as 引导定语从句，as 在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。Such a student as works hard has meant to be somebody in the future. 一个如此努力的学生将来一定很有出息。 We are all faced with the same environmental problem as is caused by the serious air pollution. 我们所有人都面临着严重的空气污染造成的同样的环境问题。◆单句语法填空（1） The number of smokers， is reported，has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. （2）［2018·全国Ⅰ 卷］If you are time poor，you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits other sports，so perhaps you should all give it a try. （3） is often the case with children， Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived. ◆同义句转换（4） It is known to us all that Beijing and Zhang-jiakou will host the 2022 Winter Olympic Games. = ，Beijing and Zhangjiakou will host the 2022 Winter Olympic Games. ◆完成句子（5）There is no simple answer， （情况常常如此）in science. （6） （众所周知）， the moon travels round the earth once every month. （7） （正如报道的那样），it is over 100 years since Tsinghua University was founded. as as As As is known to all as is often the case As is known to all As is reported Thank you.
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