2023届高考英语二轮复习词性和句子基本句子结构课件

这是一份2023届高考英语二轮复习词性和句子基本句子结构课件，共44页。PPT课件主要包含了PART，He comes，There be ，Answer等内容，欢迎下载使用。

study and review members f the sentences（句子成分）；discver and summarize the basic sentence structures（基本句型）；analyze the members f sentences and sentence structures.
Learning bjectives (2 mins)
考点解读（1 min)
1. understand different cmpnents f a sentence.2. tell and analyze basic sentence structures.
句子成分和基本句型 组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。根据各部分在句子中所起的作用，可以把句子成分分为主语、谓语、宾语、表语、状语和宾语补足语等。 不同句子成分构成不同的句型。 本单元语法主要讲述句子成分和8种基本句型。
知识梳理 (4 mins）
What Are They?
Basic Sentence Members
句子成分：主谓宾，定状补，表语，同位语
Fcus study (18 mins)
原始人没有语言如何交流？
动作很重要，因为能够传递重要信息。
有了语言后： 话语中的动词替代动作 传达核心信息
没有语言的时候：动作很重要，因为其能够传递核心信息
一句话有几个部分组成。用来替代动作传递核心信息的部分叫谓语。
Predicate (谓语)
句子中说明主语的动作的部分是谓语。 谓语一般在主语之后，谓语中最重要的是谓语动词 (通常由实义动词充当)，它有时态，语态的变化，并受主语人称和数的影响。
He plays basketball.
He can’t play basketball.谓语是 ? 谓语动词是 ?
(1) 实义动词 (行为动词)：具有明确的动作和意义。该类动词又可以分为及物动词和不及物动词，不及物动词不接宾语，及物动词接宾语。
(2) 助动词帮助谓语动词构成不同的时态或语态，或构成疑问句，否定句和强调句。常见助动词有be(am/is/are/was/were), d(des/did), have(has), will。
1.I am playing games.
2.I am killed.
3.D yu knw me?
4.I d nt like yu.
5.The pliceman will find yu.
(3) 情态动词有一定词义，表说话人对某一动作或状态的态度和看法，表能力，允许，请求，必要性，可能性等。常见情态动词有can/culd/may/might/shuld/must/wuld 等。
I can d it.
Subject (主语)
相当于句子的话题或主题，即要说明的人或物。能用来做主语的有名词，代词，动名词，动词不定式，主语从句。1.My hat is pen is green, and mine is red. These are my bks. Wh is yur brther? Everything is apples is play games is Jasn is cl is true.
Object (宾语)
表谓语动词动作的承受对象，即：动作的承受着。英语中及物动词和介词需要带宾语。1.I like music.2.I like t play basketball.3.I like dancing.4.I like yu. I like this.5.I think that he is cl.作宾语的成分：
名词，代词，不定式，动名词，从句。
表语在句中用来说明主语的身份职业，性质特征， 状态，方向或处所等。表语在系动词之后。1.I am a is my bk. That is yurs. 3.I am dream is t be a jb is teaching mvie is interesting.7.I am interested in the is why I want t stay here.作表语的成分有：
名词，代词，形容词，不定式，动名词，分词，从句。
(2) 系动词: 起连接主语和表语作用，本身有一定词义，它和实义动词 一样有时态变化，也受主语人称和数的影响。常见系动词： be (am/is/are/was/were); 感官：smell, sund, taste, lk, seem, feel(摸起来), appear; 变得：becme/get/grw/turn/fall(变得) ;保持：remain (仍然是) ，keep/stay;
1. The car is cl.
2. The rse smells gd.
3. She is in shape.
Attributive (定语)
修饰名词或代词的词，短语或句子叫定语。定语可前置也可后置。单个的单词作定语时，习惯上放在被修饰词之前作前置定语；短语或定语从句作定语时，习惯上作后置定语。1.A beautiful girl cmes.2.I like the apple by in the rm is my friend.4.I g t the reading rm.5.I am the first student t cme t the classrm.
6.A brken interesting bk.8.I knw a by called car running in the playgrund is my uncle’s car. 10.I knw the by wh brke the windw yesterday.
名词，形容词，介词短语，分词(短语) ，不定式，动名词，定语从句。
修饰动词，形容词，副词或整个句子的词，短语或从句(状语从句)叫状语。状语表示时间，地点，目的，原因，结果，条件，让步，程度，方式及伴随等。1.He plays the guitar , he wn the game.3.I am very wrks hard t make mney.5.I can’t g Wuhan, many peple can’t g I dn’t have mney, I still want t buy that I have time , I will g shpping with yu.9.I didn’t g t schl because I was ill.10. If it rains tmrrw, we will stay at hme.能作状语的有：副词，介词短语，分词(短语)，不定式，状语从句。
Cmplement (补语)
英语中，一些及物动词的宾语后要加上一个补语，对宾语作进一步的补充说明，意思才够完整和明确。该补语被称为宾补。使役动词 “make+宾语+宾补”
名词/形容词/省掉t的不定式/过去分词
1.We make ur enemies ur make me made me laugh.4.I spke slwly t make myself understd.
Appsitive (同位语)
跟在抽象名词后面，对该抽象名词作进一步解释，说明的成分。常用来作同位语的有:名词，数词，不定代词 (all, each , bth), 同位语从句。1. XG , a senir high schl, is fur like the all like XG.4.I knw the fact that XG is gd.
Basic Sentence Patterns
这一类型的谓语动词通常是不及物动词，不需要带宾语就能把意思说明白。
The bus cmes.The bus leaves.
主谓+状语 (SVA)
在主谓的基础上加上时间、地点、原因、条件、方式等。
He left in the mrning.He didn’t cme back until midnight.He runs quickly.
此时，谓语动词是及物动词，必须带宾语，才能把话说明白。
I have a friend.
I want t travel.
主谓宾+状语 (SVOA)
在主谓宾句型的基础上补充时间，地点，原因，条件，方式等信息。
I have my first class at senir high schl.They met each ther when they were yung.
常见系动词：be(am/is/are/was/were); 感官动词：smell, sund, taste, lk, seem, feel(摸起来), appear; 变得：becme/get/grw/turn/fall;保持：remain（仍然是），keep/stay;
3. The rse smells gd.
2. They remained best friends.
主+谓+间宾+直宾 (SV IO DO)
此时，谓语动词常为：give, bring, tell, send, leave(留), pass(传递), write, take, shw, teach, get(给某人弄到某物), award (授予), lend, rent(租), buy, pay, hand(递给) + sb + sth .
She gives me her WeChat ID.
Lend me sme mney !
主谓宾+宾补 (SVOC)
有些及物动词加了宾语，但是意思还是没有说完整，此时还得在宾语后面再加一个宾补对宾语进行不充说明。常见带宾补的动词：feel, find, get, have, make, leave, let, keep, call, think等。
The news makes the mther happy.
该句型可以表示“某地有(存在)某物”，或当我们不知道是谁有……时，也可用该句型。
There are many students in a schl.There is n need fr me t wait here.
In this perid, we’ve learned abut sme imprtant cncepts f syntax.The definitins f S, V, O, P, A, DO, IO, C;Eight basic sentence structures.
6.当堂训练 (10 mins)
1. A girl gt lst.2. Her schl was huge. 3.There were kids class started.5. She went t a class in a hurry.6. She fund her teacher friendly. 7. She went t a wrng class. 8. They laughed t much. 9. The administratr gave her a big hand.10. She fund her class.
a：Ｓ Ｖ b：Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｏ c：Ｓ +Ｖ-link +Ｐ d: Ｓ +Ｖ +IO +DＯ e: Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｏ +Ｃ f: Ｓ +Ｖ+A g: Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｏ +A. h: there be
1. The 100-year-ld schl lies in the center f the city.2. We must act.3. The maths hmewrk lks easy. 4. The teacher fund the classrm empty. 5. My mum bught me a new dictinary. 6. Tm is lking frward t meeting the new exchange student. 7. We had chemistry in the newly built lab.
1.读句子分析划线句子的句型（P6）.
1 The 100-year-ld schl lies in the centre f the city.
2 We must act..
3 The maths hmewrk lks easy.
4 The teacher fund the classrm empty.
5 My mum bught me a new dictinary.
6 Tm is lking frward t meeting the new exchange student.
7 There is an English Crner at ur schl.
8 We had chemistry in the newly built lab.
Get familiar with S, V, O, P, A, DO, IO, C.Master eight basic sentence patterns.Finish Ex .
只含有一个主谓结构的句子
由并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起的句子叫并列句
He helps me and I help him. Hurry up, r yu’ll be late.I ffered t help him, but he refused.4. He went t schl yesterday thugh he was ill.
例：He helps me and I help him. Hurry up, r yu’ll be late.I ffered t help him, but he refused.4. He went t schl yesterday thugh he was ill.
并列句中的各简单句意义同等重要，是平行并列的关系。