2022-2023学年广东省华南师范大学附属中学高三上学期综合测试英语试题含答案

  广东省华南师范大学附属中学2022-2023学年高三上学期综合测试英语试题一

学校:___________ 姓名：___________ 班级：___________ 考号：___________

本试卷共10页，满分120分，考试用时120分钟。

注意事项:

1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号和座位号填写在答题卡上。
2. 用2B铅笔将试卷类型（A）填涂在答题卡相应位置上。将条形码横贴在答题卡右上角 “条形码粘贴处”。因笔试不考听力，选择题从第二部分的“阅读”开始。作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔在答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。答案不能答在试卷上。
3. 非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答无效。

4. 考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。考试结束后，将试卷和与答题卡一并交回。

第二部分 阅读（共两节, 满分50分）

第一节（共15小题; 每小题2. 5分, 满分37. 5分）

阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

Do you remember the first stop-motion movie, with a galloping(飞奔)horse? Eadweard Muybridge made it in 1872, and the funny thing is—the first stop-motion movie was made because of a bet. The question was: do all four of the horse’s hooves (蹄)leave the ground at the same time at any point of the gallop? And Leland Stanford, the founder of the Stanford University, hired Muybridge to help him settle the bet.

Stanford claimed that, at some point of the gallop, all four of the horse’s hooves are in the air. Some of his colleagues took a common stand that one foot is always on the ground. It was a popularly debated question of the time, and it was Muybridge’s task to provide the answer using his photographic knowledge.

Now, you can imagine that cameras in 1872 couldn’t really capture the things moving quickly. Movie cameras still didn’t exist, so it was out of the question. So, Muybridge had to get creative. He experimented with a set of 12 cameras. He used them to photograph a galloping horse in a series of shots. His initial efforts seemed to prove that Stanford was right, but he still didn’t have the process perfected.

In 1878, Muybridge raised his creativity and skill on a new level. He set twelve wired triggers (触发器) connected to shutters (快门) for cameras. He placed them evenly along the race track to capture the galloping horse. As the horse galloped the race track, it set off the triggers and made every camera take a photo with less than half a second difference.

The photos showed that Leland Stanford was right, and obviously, he won the bet. But this invention was a winning situation for all of us. Muybridge later invented a zoopraxiscope, which was a bit like the GIFs that people now post on social media and is considered an early device for displaying motion pictures. Thanks to photography and his invention, the cinema was born.

1．Which of the following words best describes the invention of the first stop-motion movie?

2．Why did Muybridge have to be creative?

3．What can we know about Muybridge’s experiment?

4．What is the best title for the article?

B

A character in one of Shakespeare’s plays once said, “Some are born great, some achieve greatness, and some have greatness thrust upon them.” Any of these could apply to the modern-day sportsmen. Many still argue about the nature of talent. Some claim that people are born to be sportsmen, while others say it is only through devotion and hard work that they achieve their abilities. Arguably though, it is not until their talents are acknowledged (认可) by the public that they truly have greatness fallen upon them.

With this acknowledgement of their “greatness” come all the trappings of modern-day celebrity: money, power, influence and responsibility. For better or for worse, like it or hate it, modern sportsmen are the role models of children everywhere. These children will grow up admiring their heroes, devoting their lives to copying their every move, and wanting above all to be like them. Due to this fascination, particularly with the massive influence of the media, it is more important than ever for these sportsmen to acknowledge their responsibility.

In the past few months alone, there have been many examples of questionable behaviors from sports stars of the present day. They are often mirroring the very worst aspects of society, a fact that the self-righteous (自以为是的) anger of the modern press has been quick to point out. It would be wrong for us to expect sportsmen to be perfect. It would also be wrong for us to think that their behavior is markedly different from the sportsmen they grew up watching, but with the all-seeing eye of modern media it is a different world, and different standards must be expected.

Of course, there is no duty for sportsmen to be good role models. There are no prison sentences, no fines, no community service—unless their behaviors are illegal. Unless they break the law, it is entirely up to them as to whether or not they think their behavior is appropriate. Furthermore, measuring the true influence their decisions have on their followers is absolutely impossible. Some will rise against their idols, seeing them in a new light and criticizing their actions. Others may copy their heroes’ actions, using them as a shield when accused of the same crimes.

It is without doubt that the actions of sportsmen will influence the lives of those who worship them. Modern day sportsmen are almost ideals of today’s world, and their actions are watched carefully by millions over the world. Some may complain against it, denying their influence on these children’s lives. Others may be aware of it but not respect it, while many may both be aware of it and respect it. In a word, you do not choose whether you are a role model. All you can do is to decide how to act when greatness is thrust upon you.

5．In Paragraph 1, the author tries to emphasize ______.

6．According to Paragraph 4, we can learn that ______.

7．The underlined phrase thrust upon in paragraph 1 most probably means ______.

8．What is the main purpose of the passage?

C

Washing clothes by hand sounds like a simple task, but for many women around the world it can do harm to their well-being and living. What would you do with your time if you could spend less time washing your clothes? “Paid work,” replied Aleas, a 49-year-old woman from a family of 10 with no access to an electric washing machine. She spent 8-12 hours every week washing everyone’s clothes by hand and described how the required body position of sitting on her feet caused her back pain.

Washing Machine Project provides low-income communities with an accessible washing solution. Its task is to help women save the time to take charge of their lives. “A mother or a child doesn’t have to spend 20 hours a week washing clothes by hand,” said Nav Sawhney, an engineering student at University of Bath in the UK.

Sawhney has created a movable washing machine that is operated by hand. He came up with the idea when Divya, a woman he met in southern India, explained the struggle of washing clothes without a machine. This burden is often shouldered by women and girls in many developing countries. Now, Sawhney’s washing machines, which he named Divya after the woman, could greatly reduce the time of washing clothes and allow women and young girls to receive education and have paid work.

After research in Iraq, Lebanon, the Philippines and Jordan, as well as India, Sawhney came up with a machine that uses only 10 liters of water every time, compared with 30 by a typical electric machine, extremely important in places where water is short. It’s also made out of things that are easy to get and replace, which means it doesn’t need much money to make it. Sawhney and his volunteers won the support of University of Bath, and already received orders from Kenya, Nigeria and Uganda.

9．What does washing clothes by hand mean to Aleas?

10．Why was the washing machine named after Divya?

11．What can we learn about the washing machine “Divya”?

12．What is the main purpose of Sawhney’s washing machines?

D

Quantum (量子) computers have been on my mind a lot lately. A friend has been sending me articles on how quantum computers might help solve some of the biggest challenges we face as humans. I’ve also had exchanges with two quantum-computing experts. One is computer scientist Chris Johnson who I see as someone who helps keep the field honest. The other is physicist Philip Taylor.

For decades, quantum computing has been little more than a laboratory curiosity. Now, big tech companies have invested in quantum computing, as have many smaller ones. According to Business Weekly, quantum machines could help us “cure cancer, and even take steps to tun climate change in the opposite direction.” This is the sort of hype (炒作) that annoys Johnson. He worries that researchers are making promises they can’t keep." What’s new,” Johnson wrote, “is that millions of dollars are now potentially available to quantum computing researchers.”

As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers may mislead investors, journalists, the public and, worst of all, themselves about their work’s potential. If researchers can’t   keep their promises, excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns. Lots of other technologies have gone through stages of excitement. But something about quantum   computing makes it especially prone to hype, Johnson suggests, perhaps because “quantum” stands for something cool you shouldn’t be able to understand. And that brings me back to Taylor, who suggested that I read his book Q for Quantum.

After I read the book, Taylor patiently answered my questions about it. He also answered my questions about PyQuantum, the firm he co-founded in 2016.Taylor shares Johnson’s concerns about hype. but he says those concerns do not apply to PyQuantum.

The company, he says, is closer than any other firm “by a very large margin (幅度)”to building a “useful” quantum computer, one that “solves an impactful problem that we would not have been able to solve otherwise.” He adds, “People will naturally discount my opinions, but I have spent a lot of time quantitatively comparing what we are doing with others.”

Could PyQuantum really be leading all the competition“ by a wide margin”, as Taylor claims? I don’t know. I’m certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone else to invest in quantum computers. But I trust Taylor, just as I trust Johnson.

13．How does the author feels about Tobnson’s concerns?

14．What leads to Taylor’s optimism about quantum computing?

15．What does the underlined word “prone” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?

16．Which would be the best tide for the passage?

第二节（共5小题; 每小题2. 5分, 满分12. 5分）

阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Your house may have an effect on your figure. Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off. 17． Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.

18． Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating, for people are often less self-conscious when they’re in poorly lit places — and so more likely to eat lots of food. If your home doesn’t have enough window light, get more lamps and flood the place with brightness.

Mind the colors. 19． In one study, people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room. Warm colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing, while cold colors make us feel less hungry. So when it’s time to repaint, go blue.

20． People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories per meal than those who rush through their meals. Begin keeping track of the time, and try to make dinner last at least 30 minutes. And while you’re at it, actually sit down to eat. If you need some help slowing down, turn on relaxing music. It makes you less likely to rush through a meal.

Downsize the dishes. 21． We eat about 22 percent more when using a 12-inch plate instead of a 10-inch plate. When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one, total intake jumps by 14 percent. And we’ll pour about 30 percent more liquid into a short, wide glass than a tail, skinny glass.

第三部分 语言运用（共两节, 满分30分）

第一节（共15小题; 每小题1分, 满分15分）

阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

第二节（共10小题; 每小题1. 5分, 满分15分）

阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

As he prepared to jump out of a plane at 7,600 metres, Luke Aikins could hardly see his landing area. Aikins was trying to jump from such a height without a parachute (降落伞). This is 22．(usual). He needed to land on a huge net (网) hung above a desert in southern California. “I’d be 23．(lie) if I said I wasn’t nervous,” Aikins said as he got on the plane.

The whole process 24．(take) a little more than two minutes, but the 42-year-old man prepared to make the jump for two years. “I take the jump very 25．(serious). I have a family and I’ve got a life with to live. It’s not 26．joke,” he said. “I’m a professional skydiver 27． more than 18,000 jumps, 28． never once had I left a plane without a parachute.”

Aikins’s wife, 29． was among the viewers below, watched him fall into the net. The skydiver did not move for several 30．(second) as the net was lowered to the ground. Then Aikins stood, waved his arms and hugged his wife. Aikins became the first-ever skydiver 31．(land) safely without a parachute.

第四部分 写作（共两节, 满分40分）

第一节（满分15分）

假如你是红星中学高一学生李华。近日你收到你的英国笔友Jim的来信，他跟你一样也刚进入新的高中学习，感觉压力很大。请你给他写封回信，安慰他并告诉他如何减压。
内容包括：
1. 安慰对方；
2. 提出减轻压力的建议。
注意：1. 词数140以内；
2. 信的开头结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua

第二节（满分25分）

阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。

阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

Thirty years ago, Cayley was greatly surprised to find that she had a brother. She made up her mind to find him. Since then she refused to leave the home she grew up in, hoping that her brother would knock on the door one day. Little did Cayley know that her brother, Nick Rhoades, had been longing to do so, but only to walk away at the last minute. But thanks to the TV programme Long Lost Family, the pair have enjoyed an emotional reunion.

Cayley’s mum Jacqueline left the family when her daughter was only seven to start a new life in America. Cayley was brought up by her grandmother Victoria, who died in 2001, and she clearly remembered first finding out about her brother Nick. Cayley was quite angry with the fact that was covered up. So she was determined to find her brother no matter what difficulties she would meet with.

Many years later, Cayley, her husband, Colin, and their children were still staying in the house where she grew up because she always had hope that one day her brother would knock on the door. Her husband Colin was very understanding and even though they had two other houses to move to, they stayed in the same house. She never gave up hope.

Meanwhile, when Nick knew he was adopted, he did ask his parents questions and they told him everything they knew. His adoptive parents were so loving and his mum had adopted hundreds of children. Nick had been one of those lucky kids. He had lived a really very happy childhood. Sadly, when Nick was 18 his adoptive mum died of cancer. After several years, his adoptive father also died. Nick was extremely sad during that period of time. Once again, he became a poor orphan without parents, which led him to make the decision to find his birth mum Jacqueline.

Nick had been given his birth certificate (出生证) by his adoptive parents with an address on it.

注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Nick and his wife Sandra decided to find his mother’s house.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Thankfully, Nick’s sister Cayley and Nick’s wife Sandra both turned to Long Lost Family for help.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

参考答案：

1．C    2．A    3．B    4．C    5．D    6．B    7．D    8．A    9．D    10．C

11．D    12．A    13．C    14．B    15．C    16．A    17．D    18．C    19．C    20．A    21．B    22．B    23．C    24．C    25．A

26．C    27．D    28．D    29．A    30．C

31．B    32．C    33．A

34．C    35．B    36．D    37．D    38．C

39．A    40．B    41．C    42．C    43．D

44．C    45．A    46．B    47．D    48．E

49．(c)areless    50．(l)ives    51．(f)ail    52．(w)ithout    53．(o)bey

54．     is     spoken  used     as

55．     how     to     deal     with

56．     What     an     interesting

57．should give up

58．     Where do     have science

59．例文：

Thank you for telling me about your problems. I hope I can help you.

First, you should talk with your teacher, and ask your teacher for help. Tell them too much homework makes you stay up late and feels sleepy in class. Second, you should communicate with your parents. You can play basketball on weekends after you finish your homework. In this way, they may allow you to do it. Third, you can make some new friends and talk with them freely, because it may be helpful to you. If you do these things, I believe you can solve these problems.