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2023届吉林省高三上学期联合模拟考试英语试题含答案
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这是一份2023届吉林省高三上学期联合模拟考试英语试题含答案，共25页。
2023届吉林省东北师大附中、长春市十一高中、吉林一中、四平一中、松原实验中学高三上学期联合模拟考试英语试题
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
第一部分、阅读理解
The Dead Sea might be the most famous saline body in the world, but it’s by no means the only one. Here, we uncover some other salt lakes around the world.
Dead Sea
The most famous of the lot, the Dead Sea — also known as the Salt Sea — is a natural place to start. It’s technically not a sea at all, but a land salt lake. Its waters are mainly drawn from the Jordan River, and the high salinity(盐度) means no life can survive here, so don’t expect any colorful fish. However, much amusement results from the sea’s buoyancy(浮力): Bring some reading material to the waters and lie back — nature will do the rest.
Lake Assal
Surrounded by black volcano rocks, Lake Assal takes the title of being the lowest point in Africa. Vast salt fields mark its edges; the lake has long been at the centre of the area’s salt trade, on which the region’s African locals still rely. Though the area might not be suitable to live in, the waters are rich in minerals and related to health benefits.
Great Salt Lake
The biggest salt lake in the western hemisphere, and the one that gave Salt Lake City its name, the Great Salt Lake finds its home in northern Utah. What makes the lake well-known is not only the lake’s blue and green waters and white-sand beaches, but also Great Salt Lake State Park and Antelope Island State Park, both offering super hiking and biking trails, and great long views.
Don Juan Pond
Don Juan Pond might not win any prizes for its beauty — at four inches deep, it’s little more than a pond, but it is worth visiting. Its salinity content of almost 40 percent makes it one of the saltiest bodies of water on Earth, meaning it doesn’t freeze even when Antarctic temperatures drop to -50℃. And with suggestions that water in a similar form could exist on Mars, there’s more than one reason for scientists to study this fascinating dry, cold environment.
1. What can visitors probably do in Lake Assal?
A. Read books. B. Have a hike.
C. Enjoy small fishes. D. Take a bath in the lake.
2. What is the Great Salt Lake famous for?
A. Its great parks. B. Its scientific value.
C. Its highest salinity. D. Its specific location.
3. Which lake is valuable for space exploration?
A. Dead Sea. B. Lake Assal.
C. Don Juan Pond. D. Great Salt Lake.
Leia was fresh out of college when she began working as a member of a business-development team at a mid- size tech company. Though her skills had earned her the job, she was the youngest person in the team. “Everybody else was pretty much twice my age,” she says. “I heard about comments being made behind my back. There were a couple of times when my superiors referred to my age right in front of me, saying I was too young, ‘What does a 23- year-old know about these things?’”
Leia tried to change things by altering her appearance at work. “I changed the way I dressed. I tried to dress older, more ‘ladylike’. I changed my mannerisms and tried to act older,” she says. “It worked, to an extent.” The comments about her age and perceived(认定的) inexperience lessened, but Leia says she still felt like her growth potential was limited. She left the company soon after.
What Leia experienced was ageism traditionally seen as something only older people face. For instance, older workers might be judged based on assumptions that they won’t fit into a progressive office dynamics or learn technology as quickly. A US study showed that nearly two-thirds of workers aged 45 and older had seen or experienced age discrimination. But younger workers face age discrimination, too. In fact, new research shows it may actually be the youngest team members who are bearing the impact of workplace ageism right now.
Leia says removing ageism entirely will ultimately require a fundamental change to corporate culture, which has long tied seniority(资历) to skill. “We prize years of experience a little too much, and I don’t think years of experience and skill are necessarily related,” she says. “Steve Jobs was 21 when he founded Apple. We don’t know how much younger people actually have to contribute. Hopefully, more employers are realizing it.”
4. What was the main topic of Leia’s superiors about her?
A. Her job skills. B. Her young age.
C. Her cute appearance. D. Her family background.
5. Why didn’t Leia stay any longer at the company?
A. She failed to dress more lady-like.
B. She received more negative comments.
C. She felt pressure from her work to an extent.
D. She wanted more space for her growth potential.
6. Which statement agrees with the US study the most?
A. Only older people face age discrimination at work.
B. Young workers can’t fit into a progressive office.
C. Older workers are very slow technology learners.
D. Young workers are seriously affected by ageism.
7. Why does Leia mention Steve Jobs?
A. To offer information about the Apple Company.
B. To tell about Steve Jobs’ unknown contribution.
C. To say that skill does not always come with age.
D. To show that skill alone matters to young people.
Octopuses(章鱼) are some of the cleverest animals on the planet! So what makes them so smart? Let’s focus first on their defense mechanisms. Faced with multiple predators(捕食者) — including fish, birds and whales — octopuses are masters of disguise. They can imitate their environment by changing their skin colour.
Without a shell, octopuses are weak and easily hurt physically, and always try to remain hidden in a shelter such as a hole or the space beneath a rock. Some prefer to wrap themselves in shells and small stones, while others transport their shelters in their arms. This is the case for the coconut octopus, which, true to its name, has been observed carrying coconut shells around to hide within in case of danger.
Octopuses are also fearsome predators themselves, and their attack mechanisms are suited to the wide variety of prey(猎物) they consume, including seashells, fish and even other creatures like them. They can use their vision and camouflage skills to hunt, and their arms to explore, touch and taste their environment to seize every bit of food within reach.
Octopuses can also use conditional discrimination, that is, they can change their choice depending on the situation. For example, they can learn to attack an object only in the presence of bubbles. They can also use space learning, and find a hidden shelter by remembering its position. Last but not least, octopuses can learn by watching other octopuses carry out tasks, such as choosing one specific object over another. This is surprising,because they are mainly solitary(独居的) creatures.
Octopuses meet every criteria for the definition of intelligence: They show a great flexibility in obtaining information(using several senses and learning socially), in processing it(through discriminative and conditional learning), in storing it(through long- term memory) and in applying it toward both predators and prey.
8. Which are both predators and prey of octopuses?
A. Fish. B. Birds. C. Whales. D. Seashells.
9. Why do coconut octopuses carry coconut shells everywhere?
A. To change their skin color quickly.
B. To avoid being discovered by predators.
C. To observe the surroundings conveniently.
D. To hide quickly in the shells when in danger.
10. What’s the fifth paragraph mainly about?
A. The excellent memory of octopuses.
B. The strong learning ability of octopuses.
C. The space discrimination ability of octopuses.
D. The ability of octopuses to adapt to the environment.
11. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. The terrible predators.
B. The masters of disguise.
C. Exactly how clever is an octopus?
D. How strong is the learning ability of octopuses?
English is the language for international communication, especially in areas such as science and technology. Galileo Galilei said, “Mathematics is the language with which God has written the universe.” Using numbers and mathematical symbols, one can write “words” and “sentences”. When appropriate, several “sentences” together might form a “mathematical story”. Mathematics has also grammar — the mathematical logic which determines whether statements are valid or not.
A math teacher compares math to English and says, “Math may be viewed as a language — a simpler, more consistent and more regular language than English. Numbers represent nouns, while operational signs(+, －, ×, ÷, =) serve as verbs. Both components are governed by rules of syntax. Math facts, such as 2×3=6, may be thought of as math sentences. Students should be encouraged to speak in complete sentences to convey an entire thought. Math at the simple sentence fact level is a much easier language than English. Although math has an infinite number of nouns, it has only five verbs(+, －, ×, ÷, =) associated with four basic operations.”
Nina is an English teacher in elementary school and has 12 years of teaching experience. She has no doubts about the logical connection between English and mathematics. She says, “They are definitely languages. In both languages there are patterns and rules. They are both taught through visualizations and illustrations. Teaching vocabulary is like teaching fractions. You need to illustrate in both languages and practice a lot.”
However, English and mathematics as languages are similar and yet different. The language of mathematics, for example, is precise and less flexible — it cannot afford ambiguity, while natural languages contain constructive ambiguity derived from their cultural and contextual wealth of meanings. Mathematics as well as English as a second language does not develop naturally as a child develops a natural language; they need to be learned.
12. What can be inferred from the first paragraph?
A. English grammar can also be used in math.
B. English and math are both general languages.
C. Math is the medium of international communication.
D. Both English and math have logic behind them.
13. What is mainly discussed in Paragraph 2?
A. Math is much easier than English.
B. Math is the simplest language.
C. Both math and English can convey an entire thought.
D. Math at the simple sentence fact level is much easier than English.
14. What does the underlined word “ambiguity” probably mean?
A. Unclarity. B. Evidence. C. Certainty. D. Similarity.
15. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A. To explain the logic behind English and math.
B. To argue for the differences between math and English.
C. To compare math and English as languages.
D. To promote the development of science and technology.
二、七选五
In fact, this isn’t a new phenomenon. After all, people have complained about “kids these days” for decades. But is there really any truth in the idea that millennials(千禧一代) and Gen Z are weaker than Boomers or Gen X? People have complained about younger generations for thousands of years. _______16_______. “The tendency for adults to look down upon the character of youth has been happening for centuries,” says Peter O’ Connor, a professor of management.
He points out the fixed concept remains alive and well, with research showing thousands of Americans believe that “kids these days” lack positive qualities that participants associate with older generations. _____17_____. The researchers argued that this was because we project our current selves onto our past selves.
By doing this, older people are unconsciously comparing who they are today to today’s young people, giving an impression that today’s youth is somehow on the decline, no matter which times we’re living in. ______18______. The truth is that older generations have been accusing the young of being lazy and self-obsessed for centuries. ____19____. Jason Dorsey, president of the Center for Generational Kinetics, believes that there is a way around this — but that general context is key to debunking(揭穿) the persisting weakness myth.
“It’s awareness of what these different generations have gone through, why they are the way they are.” he says.
“___20___, which simply does not exist right now. Instead of having frank conversations across generations, we always say that younger people are snowflakes and older people are dinosaurs. But the truth is that we’re all human.” he adds.
A. It is actually not the truth
B. We were also judged by the former generations
C. And the old generations are usually too stubborn to change themselves
D. But this isn’t because the youths of today actually do lack these qualities
E. The best way to get the old to stop blaming the young is to create a dialogue
F. We seem almost forced to judge people who grew up in a different time to us
G. In fact, looking down on the generation that comes after you could simply be human nature
三、完形填空
I have to admit I’m an old-school reader. Put simply, I___21___old books.
Alone in a new city to___22___my first daily newspaper job, I was feeling vaguely anxious as I dipped into a used bookstore to___23___my mind. The shelves, full of the smell of the past, quickly___24___me. One of the occupational hazards(职业病) of journalism, my chosen___25___, is a desire to stay on top of the Next Big Thing. With their cracked spines(书脊) and yellowed___26___, the titles in the shop usefully pointed me toward the longer view. “No___27___to get too worked up over today’s headline,” they seemed to say. “There is not much___28___under the sun.”
Francis Bacon’s essays are always a ready antidote(解药). “Prosperity(繁荣) is not without many___29___and dislikes,” Bacon wrote, and “___30___is not without comforts and hopes.” For me, that comfort and hope often come from a second-hand___31___.
Reading deeply from the past can be at least as___32___as following the day’s news. Don’t___33___missing out on the___34___gossip. All matters of fact, which a man did not___35___before, are news to him.
21. A. buy B. love C. recommend D. hate
22. A. stop B. lose C. keep D. take
23. A. relieve B. change C. train D. feed
24. A. disappointed B. surprised C. calmed D. stressed
25. A. freedom B. profession C. company D. action
26. A. books B. words C. lines D. pages
27. A. need B. wonder C. doubt D. question
28. A. amazing B. interesting C. new D. dull
29. A. inspirations B. fears C. amusements D. strengths
30. A. ownership B. relationship C. friendship D. hardship
31. A. book B. computer C. chair D. shop
32. A. mind-blowing B. doubtful C. instructive D. breathtaking
33. A. reflect on B. worry about C. take up D. dream of
34. A. silly B. common C. best D. latest
35. A. know B. hear C. research D. confirm
语法填空
Eat or heat?
No more ironing, limited oven use and showering at work — Europeans are trying to keep energy use down but the bills still keep climbing. Costs of energy for British consumers will rise by 80% from October, ___36___ will take the average annual household bills to £3,549. This makes the energy crisis severer than ___37___ of the 1970s and 1980s.
Keetley ___38___ (lose) his job as a council adviser in April and lives on £600 a month from a social security scheme. Half of that goes on rent, he said, with the remainder barely covering the ___39___ (essential). He now eats one meal a day and although he has reduced energy consumption to a minimum, he spends more than 15% of his income on energy bills. “___40___ cost of living has increased and yet you are expected to live on the money ___41___ (provide) for when there wasn’t a crisis... I either can have my heating on or eat,” Keetley said.
A household is defined as living in fuel poverty if it is low income and needs to spend 10% or even ___42___ (much) of its income on energy, according to UK charity National Energy Action and other British charities. Experts agree that despite this _____43_____ (be) a hard season, Europe will _____44_____ (undoubted) make it through the winter, but the concern is ___45___ will happen next year.
书面表达
假设你是光明中学高三学生李华。你校将在寒期举办英语冬令营活动，正在招募外籍志愿者担任助教。请给你的英国朋友Jim写封邮件，希望他参加招募。
要点包括：1. 冬令营相关信息；
2. 外籍助教的职责。
注意：1. 词数80左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
How are you doing these days?
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
第二部分、读后续写
Since the beginning of this school year, Josette Duran, coach of the local school girls’ volleyball team, has kept an unusual morning routine at the request of her son, Dylan.
Every day, she packs him a lunch of two sandwiches, two bags of chips, two drinks, and two servings of fruit. At first, Duran thought her son had perhaps hit another growth spurt(短时激增) and needed double the nutrition. She finally asked him if he was getting enough to eat and received a surprising answer about why Dylan needed the extra food. “There are some children lacking food at school. But it’s for Johnson alone. He only eats a fruit cup for lunch.”
It turned out that Dylan had befriended a classmate, Johnson, whose family was tightening their belts. Johnson’s single mother had recently lost her job and was very low on cash, so she could no longer afford to buy school lunches. After learning this, Duran was even more eager to help Johnson out and his mother because she herself could empathize(产生共鸣) with their situation. That hit home to her because a few years ago, she and her son were homeless.
Her mind wandered back to the miserable scene when she was living in her car and she was washing her son in bathrooms. And to make things worse, they didn’t have sufficient food. Now that they had overcome their hardship and were in a stable place, Duran wanted nothing more than to reach out and help others in need. She even left encouraging notes in the lunches for both boys.
Duran shared the incident in an inspiring Facebook post in which she talked about how proud she was of her son’s heart and how kind he was for doing that for another person. The efforts made by Duran who was by no means well off, got noticed by her players. A plan was under discussion to help their coach. Meanwhile, Johnson’s mother also learned of Duran’s generosity, and she called Duran up and offered to pay her back in person.
注意：1. 续写词数应为150字左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
The next day, they met on the campus of Duran’s school.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
However, Duran refused to keep the money raised especially for her.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
##################################
1. D 2. A 3. C
本文是应用文。文章介绍了世界各地的四个著名的盐湖。
1. 推理判断题。根据Lake Assal部分中的“Surrounded by black volcano rocks, Lake Assal takes the title of being the lowest point in Africa. Vast salt fields mark its edges; the lake has long been at the centre of the area’s salt trade, on which the region’s African locals still rely. Though the area might not be suitable to live in, the waters are rich in minerals and related to health benefits.（被黑色的火山岩包围着，是非洲最低点的称号。广阔的盐田标志着它的边缘，该湖长期以来一直是该地区食盐贸易的中心，该地区的非洲当地人仍然依赖于此。虽然该地区可能不适合居住，但水中富含矿物质，对健康有益。）”可知，这个盐是非洲最低点，且湖水含有丰富的矿物质，对身体有益，由此可推知，游客或许可以在Assal湖洗澡。故选D。
2. 细节理解题。根据Great Salt Lake部分中的“What makes the lake well-known is not only the lake’s blue and green waters and white-sand beaches, but also Great Salt Lake State Park and Antelope Island State Park, both offering super hiking and biking trails, and great long views.（使湖闻名的不仅是湖的蓝色和绿色的海水和白色的沙滩，还有大盐湖州立公园和羚羊岛州立公园，都提供超级徒步旅行和自行车道，以及绝佳的远景。）”可知，大盐湖以它的公园们而闻名，故选A。
3. 细节理解题。根据Don Juan Pond部分中的“Its salinity content of almost 40 percent makes it one of the saltiest bodies of water on Earth, meaning it doesn’t freeze even when Antarctic temperatures drop to -50℃. And with suggestions that water in a similar form could exist on Mars, there’s more than one reason for scientists to study this fascinating dry, cold environment.（其含盐量近40%，使其成为地球上含盐量最高的水体之一，这意味着即使南极气温降至-50℃，它也不会结冰。有迹象表明火星上可能存在类似形式的水，科学家们研究这个迷人的干燥寒冷环境的原因不止一个。）”可知，唐璜塘对太空探索很有价值。故选C。
4. B 5. D 6. D 7. C
本文是记叙文。文章讲述刚从大学毕业时，莱娅就开始在一家中型科技公司的业务开发团队工作，因为自己是团队中最年轻的人而被其它同事质疑能力，受到年龄歧视。莱亚认为，彻底消除年龄歧视最终需要从根本上改变企业文化。
4. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Everybody else was pretty much twice my age,” she says. “I heard about comments being made behind my back.’ There were a couple of times when my superiors referred to my age right in front of me, saying I was too young, ‘What does a 23- year-old know about these things?’”（“其他人的年龄几乎是我的两倍，”她说。“我听说有人在我背后发表评论。有几次，我的上司当着我的面提到我的年龄，说我太年轻了，‘一个23岁的人能懂这些东西吗？’）”可知，莱娅的上司们谈论她的主要话题是她相对较小的年龄。故选B。
5. 细节理解题。根据第二段“The comments about her age and perceived(认定的) inexperience lessened, but Leia says she still felt like her growth potential was limited. She left the company soon after.（关于她年龄和缺乏经验的评论减少了，但莱娅说，她仍然觉得自己的成长潜力有限。不久她就离开了公司。）”可知，莱娅离开了那家公司是因为她希望有更多的空间发挥自己的成长潜力。故选D。
6. 细节理解题。根据第三段“A US study showed that nearly two-thirds of workers aged 45 and older had seen or experienced age discrimination. But younger workers face age discrimination, too. In fact, new research shows it may actually be the youngest team members who are bearing the impact of workplace ageism right now.（美国一项研究显示，在45岁及以上的员工中，近三分之二的人看到或经历过年龄歧视。但年轻员工也面临着年龄歧视。事实上，一项新的研究表明，现在可能是最年轻的团队成员正在承受工作场所年龄歧视的影响。）”可知，“年轻员工受到年龄歧视的严重影响”这一陈述最符合美国的研究。故选D。
7. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“‘We prize years of experience a little too much, and I don’t think years of experience and skill are necessarily related,’ she says. ‘Steve Jobs was 21 when he founded Apple. We don’t know how much younger people actually have to contribute. Hopefully, more employers are realizing it.’（她说：‘我们有点过于看重多年的经验，我认为多年的经验和技能没有必然的联系。’‘史蒂夫·乔布斯创立苹果公司时只有21岁。我们不知道年轻人到底要贡献多少。希望更多的雇主意识到这一点。’）”可知，莱娅提到史蒂夫·乔布斯在21岁就创立苹果公司为了说明技能并不总是随着年龄而增长。年轻人也会有很大贡献。故选C。
8. A 9. D 10. D 11. C
本文是篇说明文。章鱼是世界上最聪明的动物之一，文章讲述了章鱼的特性和聪明的原因。
8. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Faced with multiple predators(捕食者) — including fish, birds and whales”（当面对多种捕食者 — 包括鱼、鸟和鲸鱼时）和第三段“their attack mechanisms are suited to the wide variety of prey(猎物) they consume, including seashells,fish and even other creatures like them.”（它们的进攻机制适合他们吃的种类繁多的猎物，包括海贝、鱼、甚至其它像它们一样的生物。）可知，鱼既捕食章鱼，又是它们的猎物。故选A。
9. 细节理解题。根据第二段“This is the case for the coconut octopus, which,true to its name, has been observed carrying coconut shells around to hide within in case of danger.”（椰子章鱼的情况就是如此，正如它的名字一样，它被观察到一直携带着椰子壳，以便在在危险时藏在里面。）可知，椰子章鱼携带椰子壳到处走是为了在危险时快速藏到壳里面。故选D。
10. 主旨大意题。根据第五段“Octopuses meet every criteria for the definition of intelligence:”（章鱼满足聪明定义的所有标准）及后面所指的“They show a great flexibility”（它们展现了很大的灵活性）在“obtaining information, processing it and storing it”（获取信息、加工信息和储存信息）方面，可知第五段主要讲述了章鱼有着适应环境的灵活的能力。故选D。
11. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Octopuses(章鱼) are some of the cleverest animals on the planet! So what makes them so smart?”（章鱼是世界上最聪明的动物之一！所以，什么使它们如此聪明？）及最后一段“Octopuses meet every criteria for the definition of intelligence:”（章鱼满足聪明定义的所有标准）可知，文章主要讲述了章鱼聪明的原因。故选C。
12. D 13. C 14. A 15. C
本文是一篇说明文。文章从比较数学和英语作为语言的角度，发现数学也有语法——决定陈述是否有效的数学逻辑。英语和数学作为语言有相似之处，也有不同之处。数学和英语作为第二语言的发展并不像儿童发展自然语言那样自然；它们需要学习。
12. 推理判断题。根据第一段“English is the language for international communication, especially in areas such as science and technology. Galileo Galilei said, ‘Mathematics is the language with which God has written the universe.’ Using numbers and mathematical symbols, one can write ‘words’ and ‘sentences’. When appropriate, several ‘sentences’ together might form a ‘mathematical story’. Mathematics has also grammar — the mathematical logic which determines whether statements are valid or not.（英语是国际交流的语言，尤其是在科学和技术领域。伽利略曾说：‘数学是上帝书写宇宙的语言。’使用数字和数学符号，人们可以写出‘词’和‘句子’。在适当的时候，几个‘句子’放在一起可以形成一个‘数学故事’。数学也有语法——决定陈述是否有效的数学逻辑）”可推知，英语和数学背后都有逻辑。故选D。
13. 主旨大意题。根据第二段“A math teacher compares math to English and says, ‘Math may be viewed as a language — a simpler, more consistent and more regular language than English. Numbers represent nouns, while operational signs(+, －, ×, ÷, =) serve as verbs. Both components are governed by rules of syntax. Math facts, such as 2×3=6, may be thought of as math sentences. Students should be encouraged to speak in complete sentences to convey an entire thought. Math at the simple sentence fact level is a much easier language than English. Although math has an infinite number of nouns, it has only five verbs(+, －, ×, ÷, =) associated with four basic operations.’（一个数学老师比较数学和英语说：‘数学可以被看作是一种语言——一种比英语更简单、更一致、更规范的语言。数字代表名词，运算符号（+，-，×，÷，=）作为动词。这两个组件都由语法规则管理。数学事实，如2×3=6，可以看作是数学句子。应该鼓励学生用完整的句子来表达整个思想。简单句子层面的数学比英语简单得多。虽然数学有无数个名词，但它只有五个动词（+，-，×，÷，=）与四种基本运算有关。’）”可知，第2段主要讨论了数学和英语都可以传达一个完整的思想。故选C。
14. 词句猜测题。根据最后一段“However, English and mathematics as languages are similar and yet different. The language of mathematics, for example, is precise and less flexible — it cannot afford ambiguity, while natural languages contain constructive ambiguity derived from their cultural and contextual wealth of meanings.（然而，英语和数学作为语言有相似之处，也有不同之处。例如，数学语言是精确而不灵活的——它不能产生ambiguity，而自然语言包含了来自其文化和上下文丰富意义的建设性歧义）”其中“precise and less flexible”可推断，数学语言精确不能有歧义。由此可知，划线词ambiguity与unclarity（不清楚）意思相近。故选A。
15. 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“English is the language for international communication, especially in areas such as science and technology. Galileo Galilei said, ‘Mathematics is the language with which God has written the universe.’（英语是国际交流的语言，尤其是在科学和技术领域。伽利略曾说：‘数学是上帝书写宇宙的语言。’）”及第二段中的“Math may be viewed as a language — a simpler, more consistent and more regular language than English.（数学可以被看作是一种语言——一种比英语更简单、更一致、更规范的语言）”可推知，本文写作的目的是把数学和英语作为语言进行比较。故选C。
16. G 17. D 18. A 19. C 20. E
本文是说明文。几千年来，人们一直在抱怨年轻一代。但是，千禧一代和Z一代比婴儿潮一代或X一代更弱的观点真的有道理吗？文章针对“一代不如一代”的现象进行分析。
16. 根据空前“People have complained about younger generations for thousands of years.（几千年来，人们一直在抱怨年轻一代。）”可知，人们对年轻一代有不满情绪。以及空后“‘The tendency for adults to look down upon the character of youth has been happening for centuries,’ says Peter O’ Connor, a professor of management.（管理学教授彼得•奥康纳（Peter O’Connor）说，成年人轻视年轻人品格的倾向已经存在了几个世纪。）”可知，几千年和几个世纪都反映出这是人类的天性。G项“In fact, looking down on the generation that comes after you could simply be human nature.（事实上，看不起你的下一代可能只是人类的天性）”，符合语境，这里的轻视和选项G中一致。故选G。
17. 根据空前“He points out the fixed concept remains alive and well, with research showing thousands of Americans believe that ‘kids these days’ lack positive qualities that participants associate with older generations.（他指出，固定观念仍然存在，研究显示，成千上万的美国人认为‘现在的孩子’缺乏与老一辈人联系在一起的积极品质。）”可知，人们认为现在孩子缺乏积极品质。以及空后“The researchers argued that this was because we project our current selves onto our past selves.（研究人员认为，这是因为我们把当前的自我投射到过去的自我上。）”可知，这里在反对前面的看法。空格和前面构成转折关系，this isn’s because和this was because呼应，D项“But this isn’t because the youths of today actually do lack these qualities（但这并不是因为现在的年轻人确实缺乏这些品质）”，符合语境，前后文是转折关系。故选D。
18. 根据空前“By doing this, older people are unconsciously comparing who they are today to today’s young people, giving an impression that today’s youth is somehow on the decline, no matter which times we’re living in.（通过这样做，老年人会不自觉地将今天的自己与今天的年轻人进行比较，给人的印象是，无论我们生活在哪个时代，今天的年轻人都在某种程度上下降。）”可知，老人们认为年轻一代在某种程度上不优秀。以及空后“The truth is that older generations have been accusing the young of being lazy and self-obsessed for centuries.（事实是，几个世纪以来，老一辈人一直在指责年轻人懒惰和自恋。）”可知，这里解释了事实不是年轻人不如以前。A项“It is actually not the truth（这其实不是事实）”，符合语境，truth这里的轻视和选项G中一致。故选A。
19. 根据空前“The truth is that older generations have been accusing the young of being lazy and self-obsessed for centuries.（事实是，几个世纪以来，老一辈人一直在指责年轻人懒惰和自恋。）”可知，这里从老一辈情况分析。C项“And the old generations are usually too stubborn to change themselves（老一代通常太固执，不愿意改变自己）”，符合语境，前后都在说the old generations。故选C。
20. 根据空后“‘which simply does not exist right now. Instead of having frank conversations across generations, we always say that younger people are snowflakes and older people are dinosaurs.（现在根本不存在。我们总是说年轻人是雪花，老年人是恐龙，而不是世代之间的坦率对话。）”可知，本段建议两代人要对话，这是现在不存在的现象。E项“The best way to get the old to stop blaming the young is to create a dialogue（让老年人停止指责年轻人的最好方法是建立对话）”，符合语境。故选E。
21. B 22. D 23. A 24. C 25. B 26. D 27. A 28. C 29. B 30. D 31. A 32. C 33. B 34. D 35. A
本文是夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者是个老派的读者。喜欢旧书。独自到陌生城市从事日报工作，从原来对头条渴望的职业病到感慨对人们来说，以前不知道的一切事实，都是新闻。
21. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：简单地说，我喜欢旧书。A. buy购买；B. love热爱；C. recommend 推荐；D. hate痛恨。根据“I’m an old-school reader”可知，作者爱读旧书。故选B。
22. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我独自一人来到一个陌生的城市，开始了我的第一份日报工作，当我走进一家旧书店来放松心情时，我隐约感到焦虑。A. stop停止；B. lose失去；C. keep保持；D. take从事。根据“my first daily newspaper job”可知，作者独自到新城市开始自己的第一份工作。故选D。
23. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我独自一人来到一个陌生的城市，开始了我的第一份日报工作，当我走进一家旧书店来放松心情时，我隐约感到焦虑。A. relieve如释重负；B. change改变；C. train培训；D. feed喂养。根据“I dipped into a used bookstore”可知，作者独自到新城市开始自己的第一份工作，有一天去书店放松心情。故选A。
24. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：书架上，满是往日的气息，迅速使我平静下来。A.disappointed使失望的；B. surprised使惊讶的；C. calmed使平静；D. stressed使受压力。根据“full of the smell of the past”可知，作者爱读旧书，所以书架上的旧书让她平静。故选C。
25. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我所选择的新闻业的职业病之一，就是渴望掌握“下一个大事件”的前沿。A. freedom自由；B. profession职业；C. company陪伴；D. action行动。根据“my first daily newspaper job”可知，作者选择了新闻业作职业。故选B。
26. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：书店里那些书脊开裂、书页发黄的书名有力地指引着我从长远的角度看问题。A. books书籍；B. words单词；C. lines线；D. pages书页。根据“With their cracked spines(书脊)”可知，旧书书脊开裂、书页泛黄。故选D。
27. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“没必要为今天的头条太激动，”他们似乎在说。“太阳底下没有什么新鲜事。”。A. need需要；B. wonder好奇；C. doubt怀疑；D. question问题。根据“There is not much ____ under the sun.”可知，没必要为今天的头条太激动。故选A。
28. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“没必要为今天的头条太激动，”他们似乎在说。“太阳底下没有什么新鲜事。”。A. amazing令人惊叹的；B. interesting有趣的；C. new新的；D. dull枯燥的。根据“today’s headline”可知，太阳底下没什么新鲜事意思是现在正在发生的、将来还会发生。故选C。
29. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“昌盛不是没有很多恐惧与厌恶，”培根写到“逆境也不是没有安慰与希望”。A. inspirations鼓舞；B. fears恐惧；C. amusements好笑；D. strengths优点。根据“and dislikes”可知，与厌恶表示并列的名词，通过对比选项是贬义词恐惧。故选B。
30. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“昌盛不是没有很多恐惧与厌恶，”培根写到“逆境也不是没有安慰与希望”。A. ownership拥有权；B. relationship关系；C. friendship友谊；D. hardship困难。根据“Prosperity（繁荣）”可知，在逆境中也会有安慰与希望。故选D。
31. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：对我来说，那种安慰和希望往往来自一本二手书。A. book书籍；B. computer电脑；C. chair椅子；D. shop商店。根据“I’m an old-school reader”可知，作者爱读旧书。故选A。
32. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：深入阅读过去至少可以像关注当天的新闻一样有教育意义。A. mind-blowing 令人兴奋的；B. doubtful怀疑的；C. instructive有教育意义的；D. breathtaking惊人的。根据“For me, that comfort and hope often come from a second-hand ____”可知，阅读和了解当天的新闻都可以是教育意义的。故选C。
33. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：不要担心错过最新的八卦。A. reflect on反思；B. worry about担忧；C. take up从事；D. dream of梦想。“missing out on the ____ gossip”可知，不因为错过头条八卦而担忧。故选B。
34. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不要担心错过最新的八卦。A. silly愚蠢的；B. common普通的；C. best最好的；D. latest最新的。根据“today’s headline,”可知，最新的八卦新闻。故选D。
35. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个人以前不知道的一切事实，对他来说都是新闻。A. know知道；B. hear听到；C. research研究；D. confirm确认。根据“are news to him.”可知，以前不知道的事情对人们来说都是新闻。故选A。
36. which 37. that 38. lost 39. essentials 40. The 41. provided 42. more 43. is 44. undoubtedly 45. what
本文是新闻报道。新闻报道了欧洲人正在努力降低能源消耗，但能源支出仍在不断攀升，欧洲国家公民也在自愿采取行动，减少消费。
36. 考查定语从句。句意：英国消费者的能源成本将从10月起上涨80%，使家庭年平均能源账单达到3549英镑。指代前面整件事，引导非限制性定语从句，作主语，用which，故填which。
37. 考查代词。句意：这使得能源危机比上世纪七八十年代更为严重。空处指代前面the energy crisis，用that表示同类异物，故填that。
38. 考查动词时态。句意：今年4月，Keetley失去了议会顾问的工作，每月靠社会保障计划提供的600英镑生活。in April表示过去时间，用一般过去时，故填lost。
39. 考查名词复数。句意：他说，其中一半用来付房租，剩下的勉强够支付生活必需品。冠词后用名词，表示各种必需品，essential复数名词是essentials，故填essentials。
40. 考查冠词。句意：生活成本增加了，但你却要靠没有危机时准备好的钱生活…我要么开暖气要么吃东西。特指生活成本，名词前用定冠词，位于句首，首字母大写，故填The。
41. 考查非谓语动词。句意：生活成本增加了，但你却要靠没有危机时准备好的钱生活……我要么开暖气要么吃东西。分析句子可知，are expected to是谓语动词，所以空处为非谓语，money和provide是被动关系，用过去分词，作定语，be provided for表示“为……做准备”，故填provided。
42. 考查比较级。句意：根据英国慈善机构“国家能源行动”和其他英国慈善机构的说法，如果一个家庭收入较低，需要在能源上花费10%或更多的收入，那么这个家庭就被定义为生活在燃料贫困中。even后用比较级，故填more。
43. 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：专家们一致认为，尽管这是一个艰难的季节，但欧洲无疑将度过冬季，但令人担忧的是明年会发生什么。描述现在的情况，用一般现在时，主语是this，谓语动词用单数，故填is。
44. 考查副词。句意：专家们一致认为，尽管这是一个艰难的季节，但欧洲无疑将度过冬季，但令人担忧的是明年会发生什么。副词修饰动词，作状语，这里undoubtedly修饰make，故填undoubtedly。
45. 考查宾语从句。句意：专家们一致认为，尽管这是一个艰难的季节，但欧洲无疑将度过冬季，但令人担忧的是明年会发生什么。be动词后是表语从句，作主语，用what引导表语从句，故填what。
Dear Jim,
I hope you’re having a great week. I’m writing to ask if you have time during the winter holiday to do some volunteer work.
This coming winter, my school is going to hold an English Debate Camp, which will last for three weeks starting from January 18. The purpose of the camp is to teach students how to debate in English. The school plans to invite some foreigners to work as teaching assistants at the camp. Their responsibilities will include helping students with language skills and debate techniques.
If you are interested and available during that time, my school would greatly appreciate your assistance. For further information, you can log on to the school website.
Yours,
Li Hua
本篇书面表达属于应用文。假设你是光明中学高三学生李华。你校将在寒期举办英语冬令营活动，正在招募外籍志愿者担任助教。请给你的英国朋友Jim写封邮件，希望他参加招募。
1. 词汇积累
询问：ask→inquire
举行：hold→host
目标：purpose→goal/target
担任：work as→serve as
2. 句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：The school plans to invite some foreigners to work as teaching assistants at the camp. Their responsibilities will include helping students with language skills and debate techniques.
拓展句：The school plans to invite some foreigners to work as teaching assistants at the camp, whose responsibilities will include helping students with language skills and debate techniques.
高分句型1：I’m writing to ask if you have time during the winter holiday to do some volunteer work.（运用了if引导宾语从句）
高分句型2：This coming winter, my school is going to hold an English Debate Camp, which will last for three weeks starting from January 18.（运用了which引导非限制性定语从句）
The next day, they met on the campus of Duran’s school. After she gave Duran a grateful and affectionate hug, Johnson’s mother took out an envelope containing the money she borrowed. Hardly had Duran caught sight of it when she shook her head, saying no in a determined way. ‘I don’t think I did anything special,’ Duran explained sincerely. ‘I just think I did what a human being is supposed to do.’ Actually, the kindness and sympathy didn’t stop there. Duran’s team raised $400 to give to her to cover the cost of all the extra lunches she had made out of her own pocket.
However, Duran refused to keep the money raised especially for her. Instead, she donated it to the cafeteria at her son’s school without a second thought. The money was enough to pay back the past due accounts of all her son’s poor fellow students who bought school lunch. ‘Now everyone can eat,’ Duran said with a shining smile, proud that it all started with her 14-year-old son’s close observation of someone other than himself — someone he could give a helping hand to, using a packed lunch made with lots of love.
本文以人物为线索，讲述了Dylan的儿子在上学期间要求带更多的食物，刚开始作者认为她的儿子需要更多的食物，但是她的儿子告诉她，他们班上有一个叫做Johnson的孩子家庭很困难，没有钱吃饭，所以他想要帮助他。Dylan听到后，想到曾经生活的困难，她决定帮助Johnson的家庭。Johnson的母亲知道后，决定当面感谢作者。
1. 段落续写
①第一段首句内容“第二天，他们在杜兰学校的校园里见面了。”可知，第一段可描写Dylan和Johnson的母亲在学校见面后，Johnson的母亲想要还钱，但是Dylan 拒绝了。而且她还筹集了钱来帮助他们。
②第二段首句内容“然而，杜兰拒绝保留特别为她筹集的资金。”可知，第二段可描写Dylan把钱捐给了学校的餐厅，帮助那些吃不上饭的孩子。
2. 续写线索：儿子要求带更多的饭——知道原因——决定帮助——见面——捐钱
3. 词汇激活
行为类
偿还：pay back/repay
帮助某人：give a helping hand to sb./do sb. a favor
筹集：raise/collect
情绪类
真诚的解释：explain sincerely/give an sincere explanation
灿烂的笑容：a shining smile/a bright smile
高分句型1：I just think I did what a human being is supposed to do.（由what引导了did的宾语从句）
高分句型2：The money was enough to pay back the past due accounts of all her son’s poor fellow students who bought school lunch.（由who引导了限定性定语从句）
2023届吉林省东北师大附中、长春市十一高中、吉林一中、四平一中、松原实验中学高三上学期联合模拟考试英语试题
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
第一部分、阅读理解
The Dead Sea might be the most famous saline body in the world, but it’s by no means the only one. Here, we uncover some other salt lakes around the world.
Dead Sea
The most famous of the lot, the Dead Sea — also known as the Salt Sea — is a natural place to start. It’s technically not a sea at all, but a land salt lake. Its waters are mainly drawn from the Jordan River, and the high salinity(盐度) means no life can survive here, so don’t expect any colorful fish. However, much amusement results from the sea’s buoyancy(浮力): Bring some reading material to the waters and lie back — nature will do the rest.
Lake Assal
Surrounded by black volcano rocks, Lake Assal takes the title of being the lowest point in Africa. Vast salt fields mark its edges; the lake has long been at the centre of the area’s salt trade, on which the region’s African locals still rely. Though the area might not be suitable to live in, the waters are rich in minerals and related to health benefits.
Great Salt Lake
The biggest salt lake in the western hemisphere, and the one that gave Salt Lake City its name, the Great Salt Lake finds its home in northern Utah. What makes the lake well-known is not only the lake’s blue and green waters and white-sand beaches, but also Great Salt Lake State Park and Antelope Island State Park, both offering super hiking and biking trails, and great long views.
Don Juan Pond
Don Juan Pond might not win any prizes for its beauty — at four inches deep, it’s little more than a pond, but it is worth visiting. Its salinity content of almost 40 percent makes it one of the saltiest bodies of water on Earth, meaning it doesn’t freeze even when Antarctic temperatures drop to -50℃. And with suggestions that water in a similar form could exist on Mars, there’s more than one reason for scientists to study this fascinating dry, cold environment.
1. What can visitors probably do in Lake Assal?
A. Read books. B. Have a hike.
C. Enjoy small fishes. D. Take a bath in the lake.
2. What is the Great Salt Lake famous for?
A. Its great parks. B. Its scientific value.
C. Its highest salinity. D. Its specific location.
3. Which lake is valuable for space exploration?
A. Dead Sea. B. Lake Assal.
C. Don Juan Pond. D. Great Salt Lake.
Leia was fresh out of college when she began working as a member of a business-development team at a mid- size tech company. Though her skills had earned her the job, she was the youngest person in the team. “Everybody else was pretty much twice my age,” she says. “I heard about comments being made behind my back. There were a couple of times when my superiors referred to my age right in front of me, saying I was too young, ‘What does a 23- year-old know about these things?’”
Leia tried to change things by altering her appearance at work. “I changed the way I dressed. I tried to dress older, more ‘ladylike’. I changed my mannerisms and tried to act older,” she says. “It worked, to an extent.” The comments about her age and perceived(认定的) inexperience lessened, but Leia says she still felt like her growth potential was limited. She left the company soon after.
What Leia experienced was ageism traditionally seen as something only older people face. For instance, older workers might be judged based on assumptions that they won’t fit into a progressive office dynamics or learn technology as quickly. A US study showed that nearly two-thirds of workers aged 45 and older had seen or experienced age discrimination. But younger workers face age discrimination, too. In fact, new research shows it may actually be the youngest team members who are bearing the impact of workplace ageism right now.
Leia says removing ageism entirely will ultimately require a fundamental change to corporate culture, which has long tied seniority(资历) to skill. “We prize years of experience a little too much, and I don’t think years of experience and skill are necessarily related,” she says. “Steve Jobs was 21 when he founded Apple. We don’t know how much younger people actually have to contribute. Hopefully, more employers are realizing it.”
4. What was the main topic of Leia’s superiors about her?
A. Her job skills. B. Her young age.
C. Her cute appearance. D. Her family background.
5. Why didn’t Leia stay any longer at the company?
A. She failed to dress more lady-like.
B. She received more negative comments.
C. She felt pressure from her work to an extent.
D. She wanted more space for her growth potential.
6. Which statement agrees with the US study the most?
A. Only older people face age discrimination at work.
B. Young workers can’t fit into a progressive office.
C. Older workers are very slow technology learners.
D. Young workers are seriously affected by ageism.
7. Why does Leia mention Steve Jobs?
A. To offer information about the Apple Company.
B. To tell about Steve Jobs’ unknown contribution.
C. To say that skill does not always come with age.
D. To show that skill alone matters to young people.
Octopuses(章鱼) are some of the cleverest animals on the planet! So what makes them so smart? Let’s focus first on their defense mechanisms. Faced with multiple predators(捕食者) — including fish, birds and whales — octopuses are masters of disguise. They can imitate their environment by changing their skin colour.
Without a shell, octopuses are weak and easily hurt physically, and always try to remain hidden in a shelter such as a hole or the space beneath a rock. Some prefer to wrap themselves in shells and small stones, while others transport their shelters in their arms. This is the case for the coconut octopus, which, true to its name, has been observed carrying coconut shells around to hide within in case of danger.
Octopuses are also fearsome predators themselves, and their attack mechanisms are suited to the wide variety of prey(猎物) they consume, including seashells, fish and even other creatures like them. They can use their vision and camouflage skills to hunt, and their arms to explore, touch and taste their environment to seize every bit of food within reach.
Octopuses can also use conditional discrimination, that is, they can change their choice depending on the situation. For example, they can learn to attack an object only in the presence of bubbles. They can also use space learning, and find a hidden shelter by remembering its position. Last but not least, octopuses can learn by watching other octopuses carry out tasks, such as choosing one specific object over another. This is surprising,because they are mainly solitary(独居的) creatures.
Octopuses meet every criteria for the definition of intelligence: They show a great flexibility in obtaining information(using several senses and learning socially), in processing it(through discriminative and conditional learning), in storing it(through long- term memory) and in applying it toward both predators and prey.
8. Which are both predators and prey of octopuses?
A. Fish. B. Birds. C. Whales. D. Seashells.
9. Why do coconut octopuses carry coconut shells everywhere?
A. To change their skin color quickly.
B. To avoid being discovered by predators.
C. To observe the surroundings conveniently.
D. To hide quickly in the shells when in danger.
10. What’s the fifth paragraph mainly about?
A. The excellent memory of octopuses.
B. The strong learning ability of octopuses.
C. The space discrimination ability of octopuses.
D. The ability of octopuses to adapt to the environment.
11. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. The terrible predators.
B. The masters of disguise.
C. Exactly how clever is an octopus?
D. How strong is the learning ability of octopuses?
English is the language for international communication, especially in areas such as science and technology. Galileo Galilei said, “Mathematics is the language with which God has written the universe.” Using numbers and mathematical symbols, one can write “words” and “sentences”. When appropriate, several “sentences” together might form a “mathematical story”. Mathematics has also grammar — the mathematical logic which determines whether statements are valid or not.
A math teacher compares math to English and says, “Math may be viewed as a language — a simpler, more consistent and more regular language than English. Numbers represent nouns, while operational signs(+, －, ×, ÷, =) serve as verbs. Both components are governed by rules of syntax. Math facts, such as 2×3=6, may be thought of as math sentences. Students should be encouraged to speak in complete sentences to convey an entire thought. Math at the simple sentence fact level is a much easier language than English. Although math has an infinite number of nouns, it has only five verbs(+, －, ×, ÷, =) associated with four basic operations.”
Nina is an English teacher in elementary school and has 12 years of teaching experience. She has no doubts about the logical connection between English and mathematics. She says, “They are definitely languages. In both languages there are patterns and rules. They are both taught through visualizations and illustrations. Teaching vocabulary is like teaching fractions. You need to illustrate in both languages and practice a lot.”
However, English and mathematics as languages are similar and yet different. The language of mathematics, for example, is precise and less flexible — it cannot afford ambiguity, while natural languages contain constructive ambiguity derived from their cultural and contextual wealth of meanings. Mathematics as well as English as a second language does not develop naturally as a child develops a natural language; they need to be learned.
12. What can be inferred from the first paragraph?
A. English grammar can also be used in math.
B. English and math are both general languages.
C. Math is the medium of international communication.
D. Both English and math have logic behind them.
13. What is mainly discussed in Paragraph 2?
A. Math is much easier than English.
B. Math is the simplest language.
C. Both math and English can convey an entire thought.
D. Math at the simple sentence fact level is much easier than English.
14. What does the underlined word “ambiguity” probably mean?
A. Unclarity. B. Evidence. C. Certainty. D. Similarity.
15. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A. To explain the logic behind English and math.
B. To argue for the differences between math and English.
C. To compare math and English as languages.
D. To promote the development of science and technology.
二、七选五
In fact, this isn’t a new phenomenon. After all, people have complained about “kids these days” for decades. But is there really any truth in the idea that millennials(千禧一代) and Gen Z are weaker than Boomers or Gen X? People have complained about younger generations for thousands of years. _______16_______. “The tendency for adults to look down upon the character of youth has been happening for centuries,” says Peter O’ Connor, a professor of management.
He points out the fixed concept remains alive and well, with research showing thousands of Americans believe that “kids these days” lack positive qualities that participants associate with older generations. _____17_____. The researchers argued that this was because we project our current selves onto our past selves.
By doing this, older people are unconsciously comparing who they are today to today’s young people, giving an impression that today’s youth is somehow on the decline, no matter which times we’re living in. ______18______. The truth is that older generations have been accusing the young of being lazy and self-obsessed for centuries. ____19____. Jason Dorsey, president of the Center for Generational Kinetics, believes that there is a way around this — but that general context is key to debunking(揭穿) the persisting weakness myth.
“It’s awareness of what these different generations have gone through, why they are the way they are.” he says.
“___20___, which simply does not exist right now. Instead of having frank conversations across generations, we always say that younger people are snowflakes and older people are dinosaurs. But the truth is that we’re all human.” he adds.
A. It is actually not the truth
B. We were also judged by the former generations
C. And the old generations are usually too stubborn to change themselves
D. But this isn’t because the youths of today actually do lack these qualities
E. The best way to get the old to stop blaming the young is to create a dialogue
F. We seem almost forced to judge people who grew up in a different time to us
G. In fact, looking down on the generation that comes after you could simply be human nature
三、完形填空
I have to admit I’m an old-school reader. Put simply, I___21___old books.
Alone in a new city to___22___my first daily newspaper job, I was feeling vaguely anxious as I dipped into a used bookstore to___23___my mind. The shelves, full of the smell of the past, quickly___24___me. One of the occupational hazards(职业病) of journalism, my chosen___25___, is a desire to stay on top of the Next Big Thing. With their cracked spines(书脊) and yellowed___26___, the titles in the shop usefully pointed me toward the longer view. “No___27___to get too worked up over today’s headline,” they seemed to say. “There is not much___28___under the sun.”
Francis Bacon’s essays are always a ready antidote(解药). “Prosperity(繁荣) is not without many___29___and dislikes,” Bacon wrote, and “___30___is not without comforts and hopes.” For me, that comfort and hope often come from a second-hand___31___.
Reading deeply from the past can be at least as___32___as following the day’s news. Don’t___33___missing out on the___34___gossip. All matters of fact, which a man did not___35___before, are news to him.
21. A. buy B. love C. recommend D. hate
22. A. stop B. lose C. keep D. take
23. A. relieve B. change C. train D. feed
24. A. disappointed B. surprised C. calmed D. stressed
25. A. freedom B. profession C. company D. action
26. A. books B. words C. lines D. pages
27. A. need B. wonder C. doubt D. question
28. A. amazing B. interesting C. new D. dull
29. A. inspirations B. fears C. amusements D. strengths
30. A. ownership B. relationship C. friendship D. hardship
31. A. book B. computer C. chair D. shop
32. A. mind-blowing B. doubtful C. instructive D. breathtaking
33. A. reflect on B. worry about C. take up D. dream of
34. A. silly B. common C. best D. latest
35. A. know B. hear C. research D. confirm
语法填空
Eat or heat?
No more ironing, limited oven use and showering at work — Europeans are trying to keep energy use down but the bills still keep climbing. Costs of energy for British consumers will rise by 80% from October, ___36___ will take the average annual household bills to £3,549. This makes the energy crisis severer than ___37___ of the 1970s and 1980s.
Keetley ___38___ (lose) his job as a council adviser in April and lives on £600 a month from a social security scheme. Half of that goes on rent, he said, with the remainder barely covering the ___39___ (essential). He now eats one meal a day and although he has reduced energy consumption to a minimum, he spends more than 15% of his income on energy bills. “___40___ cost of living has increased and yet you are expected to live on the money ___41___ (provide) for when there wasn’t a crisis... I either can have my heating on or eat,” Keetley said.
A household is defined as living in fuel poverty if it is low income and needs to spend 10% or even ___42___ (much) of its income on energy, according to UK charity National Energy Action and other British charities. Experts agree that despite this _____43_____ (be) a hard season, Europe will _____44_____ (undoubted) make it through the winter, but the concern is ___45___ will happen next year.
书面表达
假设你是光明中学高三学生李华。你校将在寒期举办英语冬令营活动，正在招募外籍志愿者担任助教。请给你的英国朋友Jim写封邮件，希望他参加招募。
要点包括：1. 冬令营相关信息；
2. 外籍助教的职责。
注意：1. 词数80左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
How are you doing these days?
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
第二部分、读后续写
Since the beginning of this school year, Josette Duran, coach of the local school girls’ volleyball team, has kept an unusual morning routine at the request of her son, Dylan.
Every day, she packs him a lunch of two sandwiches, two bags of chips, two drinks, and two servings of fruit. At first, Duran thought her son had perhaps hit another growth spurt(短时激增) and needed double the nutrition. She finally asked him if he was getting enough to eat and received a surprising answer about why Dylan needed the extra food. “There are some children lacking food at school. But it’s for Johnson alone. He only eats a fruit cup for lunch.”
It turned out that Dylan had befriended a classmate, Johnson, whose family was tightening their belts. Johnson’s single mother had recently lost her job and was very low on cash, so she could no longer afford to buy school lunches. After learning this, Duran was even more eager to help Johnson out and his mother because she herself could empathize(产生共鸣) with their situation. That hit home to her because a few years ago, she and her son were homeless.
Her mind wandered back to the miserable scene when she was living in her car and she was washing her son in bathrooms. And to make things worse, they didn’t have sufficient food. Now that they had overcome their hardship and were in a stable place, Duran wanted nothing more than to reach out and help others in need. She even left encouraging notes in the lunches for both boys.
Duran shared the incident in an inspiring Facebook post in which she talked about how proud she was of her son’s heart and how kind he was for doing that for another person. The efforts made by Duran who was by no means well off, got noticed by her players. A plan was under discussion to help their coach. Meanwhile, Johnson’s mother also learned of Duran’s generosity, and she called Duran up and offered to pay her back in person.
注意：1. 续写词数应为150字左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
The next day, they met on the campus of Duran’s school.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
However, Duran refused to keep the money raised especially for her.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
##################################
1. D 2. A 3. C
本文是应用文。文章介绍了世界各地的四个著名的盐湖。
1. 推理判断题。根据Lake Assal部分中的“Surrounded by black volcano rocks, Lake Assal takes the title of being the lowest point in Africa. Vast salt fields mark its edges; the lake has long been at the centre of the area’s salt trade, on which the region’s African locals still rely. Though the area might not be suitable to live in, the waters are rich in minerals and related to health benefits.（被黑色的火山岩包围着，是非洲最低点的称号。广阔的盐田标志着它的边缘，该湖长期以来一直是该地区食盐贸易的中心，该地区的非洲当地人仍然依赖于此。虽然该地区可能不适合居住，但水中富含矿物质，对健康有益。）”可知，这个盐是非洲最低点，且湖水含有丰富的矿物质，对身体有益，由此可推知，游客或许可以在Assal湖洗澡。故选D。
2. 细节理解题。根据Great Salt Lake部分中的“What makes the lake well-known is not only the lake’s blue and green waters and white-sand beaches, but also Great Salt Lake State Park and Antelope Island State Park, both offering super hiking and biking trails, and great long views.（使湖闻名的不仅是湖的蓝色和绿色的海水和白色的沙滩，还有大盐湖州立公园和羚羊岛州立公园，都提供超级徒步旅行和自行车道，以及绝佳的远景。）”可知，大盐湖以它的公园们而闻名，故选A。
3. 细节理解题。根据Don Juan Pond部分中的“Its salinity content of almost 40 percent makes it one of the saltiest bodies of water on Earth, meaning it doesn’t freeze even when Antarctic temperatures drop to -50℃. And with suggestions that water in a similar form could exist on Mars, there’s more than one reason for scientists to study this fascinating dry, cold environment.（其含盐量近40%，使其成为地球上含盐量最高的水体之一，这意味着即使南极气温降至-50℃，它也不会结冰。有迹象表明火星上可能存在类似形式的水，科学家们研究这个迷人的干燥寒冷环境的原因不止一个。）”可知，唐璜塘对太空探索很有价值。故选C。
4. B 5. D 6. D 7. C
本文是记叙文。文章讲述刚从大学毕业时，莱娅就开始在一家中型科技公司的业务开发团队工作，因为自己是团队中最年轻的人而被其它同事质疑能力，受到年龄歧视。莱亚认为，彻底消除年龄歧视最终需要从根本上改变企业文化。
4. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Everybody else was pretty much twice my age,” she says. “I heard about comments being made behind my back.’ There were a couple of times when my superiors referred to my age right in front of me, saying I was too young, ‘What does a 23- year-old know about these things?’”（“其他人的年龄几乎是我的两倍，”她说。“我听说有人在我背后发表评论。有几次，我的上司当着我的面提到我的年龄，说我太年轻了，‘一个23岁的人能懂这些东西吗？’）”可知，莱娅的上司们谈论她的主要话题是她相对较小的年龄。故选B。
5. 细节理解题。根据第二段“The comments about her age and perceived(认定的) inexperience lessened, but Leia says she still felt like her growth potential was limited. She left the company soon after.（关于她年龄和缺乏经验的评论减少了，但莱娅说，她仍然觉得自己的成长潜力有限。不久她就离开了公司。）”可知，莱娅离开了那家公司是因为她希望有更多的空间发挥自己的成长潜力。故选D。
6. 细节理解题。根据第三段“A US study showed that nearly two-thirds of workers aged 45 and older had seen or experienced age discrimination. But younger workers face age discrimination, too. In fact, new research shows it may actually be the youngest team members who are bearing the impact of workplace ageism right now.（美国一项研究显示，在45岁及以上的员工中，近三分之二的人看到或经历过年龄歧视。但年轻员工也面临着年龄歧视。事实上，一项新的研究表明，现在可能是最年轻的团队成员正在承受工作场所年龄歧视的影响。）”可知，“年轻员工受到年龄歧视的严重影响”这一陈述最符合美国的研究。故选D。
7. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“‘We prize years of experience a little too much, and I don’t think years of experience and skill are necessarily related,’ she says. ‘Steve Jobs was 21 when he founded Apple. We don’t know how much younger people actually have to contribute. Hopefully, more employers are realizing it.’（她说：‘我们有点过于看重多年的经验，我认为多年的经验和技能没有必然的联系。’‘史蒂夫·乔布斯创立苹果公司时只有21岁。我们不知道年轻人到底要贡献多少。希望更多的雇主意识到这一点。’）”可知，莱娅提到史蒂夫·乔布斯在21岁就创立苹果公司为了说明技能并不总是随着年龄而增长。年轻人也会有很大贡献。故选C。
8. A 9. D 10. D 11. C
本文是篇说明文。章鱼是世界上最聪明的动物之一，文章讲述了章鱼的特性和聪明的原因。
8. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Faced with multiple predators(捕食者) — including fish, birds and whales”（当面对多种捕食者 — 包括鱼、鸟和鲸鱼时）和第三段“their attack mechanisms are suited to the wide variety of prey(猎物) they consume, including seashells,fish and even other creatures like them.”（它们的进攻机制适合他们吃的种类繁多的猎物，包括海贝、鱼、甚至其它像它们一样的生物。）可知，鱼既捕食章鱼，又是它们的猎物。故选A。
9. 细节理解题。根据第二段“This is the case for the coconut octopus, which,true to its name, has been observed carrying coconut shells around to hide within in case of danger.”（椰子章鱼的情况就是如此，正如它的名字一样，它被观察到一直携带着椰子壳，以便在在危险时藏在里面。）可知，椰子章鱼携带椰子壳到处走是为了在危险时快速藏到壳里面。故选D。
10. 主旨大意题。根据第五段“Octopuses meet every criteria for the definition of intelligence:”（章鱼满足聪明定义的所有标准）及后面所指的“They show a great flexibility”（它们展现了很大的灵活性）在“obtaining information, processing it and storing it”（获取信息、加工信息和储存信息）方面，可知第五段主要讲述了章鱼有着适应环境的灵活的能力。故选D。
11. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Octopuses(章鱼) are some of the cleverest animals on the planet! So what makes them so smart?”（章鱼是世界上最聪明的动物之一！所以，什么使它们如此聪明？）及最后一段“Octopuses meet every criteria for the definition of intelligence:”（章鱼满足聪明定义的所有标准）可知，文章主要讲述了章鱼聪明的原因。故选C。
12. D 13. C 14. A 15. C
本文是一篇说明文。文章从比较数学和英语作为语言的角度，发现数学也有语法——决定陈述是否有效的数学逻辑。英语和数学作为语言有相似之处，也有不同之处。数学和英语作为第二语言的发展并不像儿童发展自然语言那样自然；它们需要学习。
12. 推理判断题。根据第一段“English is the language for international communication, especially in areas such as science and technology. Galileo Galilei said, ‘Mathematics is the language with which God has written the universe.’ Using numbers and mathematical symbols, one can write ‘words’ and ‘sentences’. When appropriate, several ‘sentences’ together might form a ‘mathematical story’. Mathematics has also grammar — the mathematical logic which determines whether statements are valid or not.（英语是国际交流的语言，尤其是在科学和技术领域。伽利略曾说：‘数学是上帝书写宇宙的语言。’使用数字和数学符号，人们可以写出‘词’和‘句子’。在适当的时候，几个‘句子’放在一起可以形成一个‘数学故事’。数学也有语法——决定陈述是否有效的数学逻辑）”可推知，英语和数学背后都有逻辑。故选D。
13. 主旨大意题。根据第二段“A math teacher compares math to English and says, ‘Math may be viewed as a language — a simpler, more consistent and more regular language than English. Numbers represent nouns, while operational signs(+, －, ×, ÷, =) serve as verbs. Both components are governed by rules of syntax. Math facts, such as 2×3=6, may be thought of as math sentences. Students should be encouraged to speak in complete sentences to convey an entire thought. Math at the simple sentence fact level is a much easier language than English. Although math has an infinite number of nouns, it has only five verbs(+, －, ×, ÷, =) associated with four basic operations.’（一个数学老师比较数学和英语说：‘数学可以被看作是一种语言——一种比英语更简单、更一致、更规范的语言。数字代表名词，运算符号（+，-，×，÷，=）作为动词。这两个组件都由语法规则管理。数学事实，如2×3=6，可以看作是数学句子。应该鼓励学生用完整的句子来表达整个思想。简单句子层面的数学比英语简单得多。虽然数学有无数个名词，但它只有五个动词（+，-，×，÷，=）与四种基本运算有关。’）”可知，第2段主要讨论了数学和英语都可以传达一个完整的思想。故选C。
14. 词句猜测题。根据最后一段“However, English and mathematics as languages are similar and yet different. The language of mathematics, for example, is precise and less flexible — it cannot afford ambiguity, while natural languages contain constructive ambiguity derived from their cultural and contextual wealth of meanings.（然而，英语和数学作为语言有相似之处，也有不同之处。例如，数学语言是精确而不灵活的——它不能产生ambiguity，而自然语言包含了来自其文化和上下文丰富意义的建设性歧义）”其中“precise and less flexible”可推断，数学语言精确不能有歧义。由此可知，划线词ambiguity与unclarity（不清楚）意思相近。故选A。
15. 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“English is the language for international communication, especially in areas such as science and technology. Galileo Galilei said, ‘Mathematics is the language with which God has written the universe.’（英语是国际交流的语言，尤其是在科学和技术领域。伽利略曾说：‘数学是上帝书写宇宙的语言。’）”及第二段中的“Math may be viewed as a language — a simpler, more consistent and more regular language than English.（数学可以被看作是一种语言——一种比英语更简单、更一致、更规范的语言）”可推知，本文写作的目的是把数学和英语作为语言进行比较。故选C。
16. G 17. D 18. A 19. C 20. E
本文是说明文。几千年来，人们一直在抱怨年轻一代。但是，千禧一代和Z一代比婴儿潮一代或X一代更弱的观点真的有道理吗？文章针对“一代不如一代”的现象进行分析。
16. 根据空前“People have complained about younger generations for thousands of years.（几千年来，人们一直在抱怨年轻一代。）”可知，人们对年轻一代有不满情绪。以及空后“‘The tendency for adults to look down upon the character of youth has been happening for centuries,’ says Peter O’ Connor, a professor of management.（管理学教授彼得•奥康纳（Peter O’Connor）说，成年人轻视年轻人品格的倾向已经存在了几个世纪。）”可知，几千年和几个世纪都反映出这是人类的天性。G项“In fact, looking down on the generation that comes after you could simply be human nature.（事实上，看不起你的下一代可能只是人类的天性）”，符合语境，这里的轻视和选项G中一致。故选G。
17. 根据空前“He points out the fixed concept remains alive and well, with research showing thousands of Americans believe that ‘kids these days’ lack positive qualities that participants associate with older generations.（他指出，固定观念仍然存在，研究显示，成千上万的美国人认为‘现在的孩子’缺乏与老一辈人联系在一起的积极品质。）”可知，人们认为现在孩子缺乏积极品质。以及空后“The researchers argued that this was because we project our current selves onto our past selves.（研究人员认为，这是因为我们把当前的自我投射到过去的自我上。）”可知，这里在反对前面的看法。空格和前面构成转折关系，this isn’s because和this was because呼应，D项“But this isn’t because the youths of today actually do lack these qualities（但这并不是因为现在的年轻人确实缺乏这些品质）”，符合语境，前后文是转折关系。故选D。
18. 根据空前“By doing this, older people are unconsciously comparing who they are today to today’s young people, giving an impression that today’s youth is somehow on the decline, no matter which times we’re living in.（通过这样做，老年人会不自觉地将今天的自己与今天的年轻人进行比较，给人的印象是，无论我们生活在哪个时代，今天的年轻人都在某种程度上下降。）”可知，老人们认为年轻一代在某种程度上不优秀。以及空后“The truth is that older generations have been accusing the young of being lazy and self-obsessed for centuries.（事实是，几个世纪以来，老一辈人一直在指责年轻人懒惰和自恋。）”可知，这里解释了事实不是年轻人不如以前。A项“It is actually not the truth（这其实不是事实）”，符合语境，truth这里的轻视和选项G中一致。故选A。
19. 根据空前“The truth is that older generations have been accusing the young of being lazy and self-obsessed for centuries.（事实是，几个世纪以来，老一辈人一直在指责年轻人懒惰和自恋。）”可知，这里从老一辈情况分析。C项“And the old generations are usually too stubborn to change themselves（老一代通常太固执，不愿意改变自己）”，符合语境，前后都在说the old generations。故选C。
20. 根据空后“‘which simply does not exist right now. Instead of having frank conversations across generations, we always say that younger people are snowflakes and older people are dinosaurs.（现在根本不存在。我们总是说年轻人是雪花，老年人是恐龙，而不是世代之间的坦率对话。）”可知，本段建议两代人要对话，这是现在不存在的现象。E项“The best way to get the old to stop blaming the young is to create a dialogue（让老年人停止指责年轻人的最好方法是建立对话）”，符合语境。故选E。
21. B 22. D 23. A 24. C 25. B 26. D 27. A 28. C 29. B 30. D 31. A 32. C 33. B 34. D 35. A
本文是夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者是个老派的读者。喜欢旧书。独自到陌生城市从事日报工作，从原来对头条渴望的职业病到感慨对人们来说，以前不知道的一切事实，都是新闻。
21. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：简单地说，我喜欢旧书。A. buy购买；B. love热爱；C. recommend 推荐；D. hate痛恨。根据“I’m an old-school reader”可知，作者爱读旧书。故选B。
22. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我独自一人来到一个陌生的城市，开始了我的第一份日报工作，当我走进一家旧书店来放松心情时，我隐约感到焦虑。A. stop停止；B. lose失去；C. keep保持；D. take从事。根据“my first daily newspaper job”可知，作者独自到新城市开始自己的第一份工作。故选D。
23. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我独自一人来到一个陌生的城市，开始了我的第一份日报工作，当我走进一家旧书店来放松心情时，我隐约感到焦虑。A. relieve如释重负；B. change改变；C. train培训；D. feed喂养。根据“I dipped into a used bookstore”可知，作者独自到新城市开始自己的第一份工作，有一天去书店放松心情。故选A。
24. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：书架上，满是往日的气息，迅速使我平静下来。A.disappointed使失望的；B. surprised使惊讶的；C. calmed使平静；D. stressed使受压力。根据“full of the smell of the past”可知，作者爱读旧书，所以书架上的旧书让她平静。故选C。
25. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我所选择的新闻业的职业病之一，就是渴望掌握“下一个大事件”的前沿。A. freedom自由；B. profession职业；C. company陪伴；D. action行动。根据“my first daily newspaper job”可知，作者选择了新闻业作职业。故选B。
26. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：书店里那些书脊开裂、书页发黄的书名有力地指引着我从长远的角度看问题。A. books书籍；B. words单词；C. lines线；D. pages书页。根据“With their cracked spines(书脊)”可知，旧书书脊开裂、书页泛黄。故选D。
27. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“没必要为今天的头条太激动，”他们似乎在说。“太阳底下没有什么新鲜事。”。A. need需要；B. wonder好奇；C. doubt怀疑；D. question问题。根据“There is not much ____ under the sun.”可知，没必要为今天的头条太激动。故选A。
28. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“没必要为今天的头条太激动，”他们似乎在说。“太阳底下没有什么新鲜事。”。A. amazing令人惊叹的；B. interesting有趣的；C. new新的；D. dull枯燥的。根据“today’s headline”可知，太阳底下没什么新鲜事意思是现在正在发生的、将来还会发生。故选C。
29. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“昌盛不是没有很多恐惧与厌恶，”培根写到“逆境也不是没有安慰与希望”。A. inspirations鼓舞；B. fears恐惧；C. amusements好笑；D. strengths优点。根据“and dislikes”可知，与厌恶表示并列的名词，通过对比选项是贬义词恐惧。故选B。
30. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“昌盛不是没有很多恐惧与厌恶，”培根写到“逆境也不是没有安慰与希望”。A. ownership拥有权；B. relationship关系；C. friendship友谊；D. hardship困难。根据“Prosperity（繁荣）”可知，在逆境中也会有安慰与希望。故选D。
31. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：对我来说，那种安慰和希望往往来自一本二手书。A. book书籍；B. computer电脑；C. chair椅子；D. shop商店。根据“I’m an old-school reader”可知，作者爱读旧书。故选A。
32. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：深入阅读过去至少可以像关注当天的新闻一样有教育意义。A. mind-blowing 令人兴奋的；B. doubtful怀疑的；C. instructive有教育意义的；D. breathtaking惊人的。根据“For me, that comfort and hope often come from a second-hand ____”可知，阅读和了解当天的新闻都可以是教育意义的。故选C。
33. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：不要担心错过最新的八卦。A. reflect on反思；B. worry about担忧；C. take up从事；D. dream of梦想。“missing out on the ____ gossip”可知，不因为错过头条八卦而担忧。故选B。
34. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不要担心错过最新的八卦。A. silly愚蠢的；B. common普通的；C. best最好的；D. latest最新的。根据“today’s headline,”可知，最新的八卦新闻。故选D。
35. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个人以前不知道的一切事实，对他来说都是新闻。A. know知道；B. hear听到；C. research研究；D. confirm确认。根据“are news to him.”可知，以前不知道的事情对人们来说都是新闻。故选A。
36. which 37. that 38. lost 39. essentials 40. The 41. provided 42. more 43. is 44. undoubtedly 45. what
本文是新闻报道。新闻报道了欧洲人正在努力降低能源消耗，但能源支出仍在不断攀升，欧洲国家公民也在自愿采取行动，减少消费。
36. 考查定语从句。句意：英国消费者的能源成本将从10月起上涨80%，使家庭年平均能源账单达到3549英镑。指代前面整件事，引导非限制性定语从句，作主语，用which，故填which。
37. 考查代词。句意：这使得能源危机比上世纪七八十年代更为严重。空处指代前面the energy crisis，用that表示同类异物，故填that。
38. 考查动词时态。句意：今年4月，Keetley失去了议会顾问的工作，每月靠社会保障计划提供的600英镑生活。in April表示过去时间，用一般过去时，故填lost。
39. 考查名词复数。句意：他说，其中一半用来付房租，剩下的勉强够支付生活必需品。冠词后用名词，表示各种必需品，essential复数名词是essentials，故填essentials。
40. 考查冠词。句意：生活成本增加了，但你却要靠没有危机时准备好的钱生活…我要么开暖气要么吃东西。特指生活成本，名词前用定冠词，位于句首，首字母大写，故填The。
41. 考查非谓语动词。句意：生活成本增加了，但你却要靠没有危机时准备好的钱生活……我要么开暖气要么吃东西。分析句子可知，are expected to是谓语动词，所以空处为非谓语，money和provide是被动关系，用过去分词，作定语，be provided for表示“为……做准备”，故填provided。
42. 考查比较级。句意：根据英国慈善机构“国家能源行动”和其他英国慈善机构的说法，如果一个家庭收入较低，需要在能源上花费10%或更多的收入，那么这个家庭就被定义为生活在燃料贫困中。even后用比较级，故填more。
43. 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：专家们一致认为，尽管这是一个艰难的季节，但欧洲无疑将度过冬季，但令人担忧的是明年会发生什么。描述现在的情况，用一般现在时，主语是this，谓语动词用单数，故填is。
44. 考查副词。句意：专家们一致认为，尽管这是一个艰难的季节，但欧洲无疑将度过冬季，但令人担忧的是明年会发生什么。副词修饰动词，作状语，这里undoubtedly修饰make，故填undoubtedly。
45. 考查宾语从句。句意：专家们一致认为，尽管这是一个艰难的季节，但欧洲无疑将度过冬季，但令人担忧的是明年会发生什么。be动词后是表语从句，作主语，用what引导表语从句，故填what。
Dear Jim,
I hope you’re having a great week. I’m writing to ask if you have time during the winter holiday to do some volunteer work.
This coming winter, my school is going to hold an English Debate Camp, which will last for three weeks starting from January 18. The purpose of the camp is to teach students how to debate in English. The school plans to invite some foreigners to work as teaching assistants at the camp. Their responsibilities will include helping students with language skills and debate techniques.
If you are interested and available during that time, my school would greatly appreciate your assistance. For further information, you can log on to the school website.
Yours,
Li Hua
本篇书面表达属于应用文。假设你是光明中学高三学生李华。你校将在寒期举办英语冬令营活动，正在招募外籍志愿者担任助教。请给你的英国朋友Jim写封邮件，希望他参加招募。
1. 词汇积累
询问：ask→inquire
举行：hold→host
目标：purpose→goal/target
担任：work as→serve as
2. 句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：The school plans to invite some foreigners to work as teaching assistants at the camp. Their responsibilities will include helping students with language skills and debate techniques.
拓展句：The school plans to invite some foreigners to work as teaching assistants at the camp, whose responsibilities will include helping students with language skills and debate techniques.
高分句型1：I’m writing to ask if you have time during the winter holiday to do some volunteer work.（运用了if引导宾语从句）
高分句型2：This coming winter, my school is going to hold an English Debate Camp, which will last for three weeks starting from January 18.（运用了which引导非限制性定语从句）
The next day, they met on the campus of Duran’s school. After she gave Duran a grateful and affectionate hug, Johnson’s mother took out an envelope containing the money she borrowed. Hardly had Duran caught sight of it when she shook her head, saying no in a determined way. ‘I don’t think I did anything special,’ Duran explained sincerely. ‘I just think I did what a human being is supposed to do.’ Actually, the kindness and sympathy didn’t stop there. Duran’s team raised $400 to give to her to cover the cost of all the extra lunches she had made out of her own pocket.
However, Duran refused to keep the money raised especially for her. Instead, she donated it to the cafeteria at her son’s school without a second thought. The money was enough to pay back the past due accounts of all her son’s poor fellow students who bought school lunch. ‘Now everyone can eat,’ Duran said with a shining smile, proud that it all started with her 14-year-old son’s close observation of someone other than himself — someone he could give a helping hand to, using a packed lunch made with lots of love.
本文以人物为线索，讲述了Dylan的儿子在上学期间要求带更多的食物，刚开始作者认为她的儿子需要更多的食物，但是她的儿子告诉她，他们班上有一个叫做Johnson的孩子家庭很困难，没有钱吃饭，所以他想要帮助他。Dylan听到后，想到曾经生活的困难，她决定帮助Johnson的家庭。Johnson的母亲知道后，决定当面感谢作者。
1. 段落续写
①第一段首句内容“第二天，他们在杜兰学校的校园里见面了。”可知，第一段可描写Dylan和Johnson的母亲在学校见面后，Johnson的母亲想要还钱，但是Dylan 拒绝了。而且她还筹集了钱来帮助他们。
②第二段首句内容“然而，杜兰拒绝保留特别为她筹集的资金。”可知，第二段可描写Dylan把钱捐给了学校的餐厅，帮助那些吃不上饭的孩子。
2. 续写线索：儿子要求带更多的饭——知道原因——决定帮助——见面——捐钱
3. 词汇激活
行为类
偿还：pay back/repay
帮助某人：give a helping hand to sb./do sb. a favor
筹集：raise/collect
情绪类
真诚的解释：explain sincerely/give an sincere explanation
灿烂的笑容：a shining smile/a bright smile
高分句型1：I just think I did what a human being is supposed to do.（由what引导了did的宾语从句）
高分句型2：The money was enough to pay back the past due accounts of all her son’s poor fellow students who bought school lunch.（由who引导了限定性定语从句）
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