专题4. 宾语从句 -九年级英语寒假精讲精练（外研版）

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宾语从句
一、宾语从句三要素：
1) 引导词, 要注意有疑问不能用that引导;
2) 语序，要注意what’s wrong? what’s the matter 以及what happened?虽然是疑问句，但却是陈述语序;
3) 时态，要注意when不能与完成时连用.
二．时态问题
当主句是一般现在时（或现在进行时、现在完成时），从句时态：该用什么时态就用什么时态
当主句是一般过去时，从句时态：一定要体现过去
当从句是客观事实、客观真理时，从句时态:永远用一般现在时，不受主句时态影响。
1) 当主句的谓语动词为现在时态（并非只指一般现在时，也可以是现在完成时，现在进行时等现在时态）时，从句的谓语动词用它所需要的任何一种时态。


he studies English every day.
he is studying English now.
主现从任意
he will study English tomorrow.
He says (that) he has studied English for five years.
he was studying English from 8 to 9 yesterday evening.
he studied English five days ago.

2) 当主句的谓语动词为过去时态 (并非只指一般过去时，只要是过去的时态形式即可) 时，从句的谓语动词必须用它所相对应的过去时形式。如果从句的动作发生在主句之前，则从句要用过去完成时态。


he studied English every day.
he was studying English now.
he would study English tomorrow.
He said (that) he had studied English for five years.
he was studying English from 8 to 9 yesterday evening.
he studied English five days ago.

注意：“could” 用于表委婉语气时，不是指过去时, 所以从句用 “can” 而不能用“could”。
Could you tell me when I can leave?

3) 当从句描述的是事实、真理或格言、谚语时，从句谓语动词的时态不受主句时态的限制，都用一般现在时。
He says（said）that the earth goes around the sun. 主过从过去

He says（said）that it is better to give than to receive.
三．否定转移的条件：
1）主语必须是第一人称（I、we）
2）谓语动词必须是think、believe、suppose等
当动词think, believe, imagine, suppose, consider, expect, fancy, guess后接一个表示否定意义的宾语从句，且主句的主语是第一人称时，其否定通常转移到主句上，其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致。
I don’t believe it is right for him to treat you like that.
I don’t think we need waste much time on it.
I don’t believe that man is killed by Jim, is he?
We suppose you have finished the project, haven't you?
四．必须使用whether的两种情况：
注意：宾语从句中只能用whether不能用if的情况：
①在介词后面的宾语从句中不用if引导
Everything depends on whether we have enough money.
②宾语从句中有or not时不用if引导.
I don’t know whether the movie star will come or not.
③和不定式连用作宾语时不用if引导.
Whether to go there or not hasn’t been decided.
3) 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。
He wants to know. When will she come back?（合并为一句）
→ He wants to know when she will come back.

题组训练
一、根据要求完成句子
1.Mr.Lee asked Tom,“Where have you been?”(改为间接引语)
Mr.Lee asked Tom 　 　. 
2.The teacher told us,“Light travels much faster than sound.”(改为间接引语)
The teacher told us 　 　 much faster than sound. 
3.We haven’t decided if we will go to Hainan Island for a holiday.(改为同义句)
We haven’t decided 　 　 to Hainan Island for a holiday. 
4.I think Daniel’s finished his homework.(改为否定句)
I 　 　 Daniel 　 　 finished his homework. 
5.He seems to have learnt about the bad news.(改为同义句)
It seems 　 　 about the bad news. 
6.Who is the man?Could you tell me?(合并为一个句子并且不改变意思)
Could you tell me 　 　? 
【答案】1.where he had been2.light travels3.whether to go4.don’t think，has5.that he has learnt6.who the man is
随堂练习
1. —The light in his room is still on. Do you know _______?
—Maybe he wants to finish the DIY.
A. what’s she busy doing B. why he stays up so late
C. if he is busy studying D. when he will stop working
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——他房间的灯还亮着，你知道他为什么熬夜到这么晚么？——可能他想完成DIY吧。
考查宾语从句的用法。what’s she busy doing她忙着做什么；why he stays up so late他为什么熬夜到这么晚；if he is busy studying他是否忙于学习；when he will stop working他什么时候停止工作。宾语从句用陈述语序，即：引导词+主语+谓语+其他，故排除A；根据答句可能他想完成DIY吧，可知，问句是询问原因。故选B。
2. The boy asked his mother ________.
A. how old his father is B. where did she go
C. when will she buy him a football D. whether he could hold a party at home
【答案】D
【解析】句意：这个男孩问他妈妈他是否能在家里举行聚会。考查宾语从句。how old his father is他爸爸多大了，一般现在时，陈述语序；where did she go她去哪了，一般过去时，疑问语序；when will she buy him a football她什么时候给他买个足球，一般将来时，疑问语序；whether he could hold a party at home他是否能在家里举行聚会，一般过去时，陈述语序。宾语从句必须是陈述语序，故排除B、C项；主句是一般过去时，宾语从句必须是过去时的某种时态，故排除C项，故选D。
3. —We haven't decided _________.
—The sooner, the better. I am expecting a journey as wonderful as our last one on ship.
A. when we will have a journey B. where we will have a journey
C. when will we have a journey D. where will we have a journey
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——我们还没有决定什么时候去旅行。——越快越好。我期待着一次像上次在船上一样精彩的旅行。考查宾语从句。when we will have a journey“我们什么时候去旅行”；where we will have a journey“我们去哪里旅行”；when will we have a journey和where will we have a journey两个选项都是疑问语序，宾语从句中应用陈述语序，故将C和D排除。根据下面的回答“The sooner, the better”可知，这里应问的是时间，故选A。
4. .—My mother's birthday is coming, I am thinking about________.
—Great. Please remember me to your mother.
A what present I bought for her B. how I can give her a surprise
C. if I planned a party for her D. where will my family have a big meal
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——-我妈妈的生日快到了，我在想怎样给她一个惊喜。——太好了。请代我向你母亲问好。
考查宾语从句。A.我给她买了什么礼物；B.我怎样给她一个惊喜；C.我是否为她计划了一个聚会；D.我的家人要在哪里吃顿大餐；根据“My mother's birthday is coming”可知妈妈的生日的即将到来，所以排除从句是一般过去时的选项B、C；根据宾语从句要按照陈述句的语序的原则，排除疑问句语序的选项D，故选B。
5. —Do you know _________ the meeting?
—Tomorrow morning.
A. when they had B. when they are going to have
C. when did they have D. when are they going to have
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——你知道他们什么时候来开会吗？——明天早上。此题考查宾语从句，宾语从句要用陈述句语序，C和D是疑问句语序，故排除；根据回答Tomorrow morning可知此句时态是一般将来时，A是一般过去时，B是一般将来时；故选B。
6. —This article is too hard to understand. I wonder ______.
—Maybe you can turn to Mr.Wu. He reads a lot and is ready to help.
A. who I can ask for help B. whether I can ask for help
C. who can I ask for help D. whether can I ask for help
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——这篇文章太难理解了，我想知道我可以找谁请求帮助。——可能你可以找吴先生帮忙，他读了很多书愿意帮助别人。考查宾语从句。动词wonder后面是宾语从句，需要用陈述句的语序，C和D的语序错误；根据“you can turn to Mr.Wu”可知问的是找谁帮忙，从句的疑问词是who，D的疑问词错误。故选A。
7. —What did the shopkeeper say to you?
— She asked me________.
A. when does the shop close B. where did I see the style
C. if I preferred that orange dress D. what else I will buy
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意：——店主跟你说了什么？——她问我我是否更喜欢那件橘色裙子。
考查宾语从句。when does the shop close 店里什么时候关门？where did I see the style 我在哪里看见这种款式？if I preferred that orange dress 我是否更喜欢那件橘色裙子？what else I will buy 我要买其他东西吗？宾语从句是陈述句语序，故排除AB。其次根据asked可知主句是一般过去时，遵循“主过从必过”的原则，故选C。
8. - Would you please tell me ?
-It's Mr. Black's.
A. when the robot was bought B. who the robot belongs to
C. why the robot was made D. which city the robot was taken to
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——你能告诉我机器人是谁的吗？——根据答语，Mr. Black'的。根据下文It's Mr. Black's.这是布莱克先生的，这里引导词用who,排除ACD。根据题意，故选B。
9. —Excuse me, could you please tell me _____________ from your home to school?
—It’s about 500 meters.
A. how far is it B. how far it is
C. how long does it take you D. how long it takes you
【答案】：B
【解析】本题考察短语含义和宾语从句语序。句意：—打扰一下，你能告诉我从你家到学校距离多远吗？—大约五百米。A、B中出现的how far是提问距离、路程多远多长，C、D中出现的how long是提问做某事花了多长时间。根据语境，用how far提问；又因为空处是特殊疑问句做宾语从句，用陈述句语序，B项how far it is符合。故选B。
10. —Could you please tell me _____________?
—At 8:00 p.m.
A. when the train will leave B. where will the train go
C. where the train will go D. when will the train leave
【解答】A
【解析】﹣﹣你能告诉我火车将什么时候离开吗？﹣﹣晚上8点．根据Could you please tell me，可知本句考查了宾语从句的用法．在宾语从句中所使用的语序应该是陈述句语序，选项BD是疑问句语序，排除掉．再根据At 8：00 p．m，可知这里询问的应该是时间，用when来引导．故选A．
11. - Excuse me, do you know ______?
- Sure. There is a bookstore down the street.
A. where can I get some postcards B. where I can get some postcards
C. when I can get some postcards D. when can I get some postcards
【解答】B
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：“——打搅了。你知道哪儿我可以弄到一些明信片吗?”“ ——当然。这条街上有家书店。”宾语从句用陈述语序。根据答语，应该用where（哪儿），故选B。
12. ---What did the teacher say to you ?
---He asked me______.
A. why I look unhappy then B. when did I go home last night
C. how could I solve the problem D. if I had got everything ready
【答案】D
【解析】句意：——老师对你说了什么？——他问我是否已经准备好了。宾语从句用陈述句的语序，排除B,C；根据主句谓语asked是一般过去时，从句用过去时态的某种形式，排除A，因此宾语从句的谓语用过去完成时，had done, 故选D。

13. —Have you asked the policeman________?
—Yes. He told us to turn right into Main Street. There is one on the right.
A. if there is a bank near here B. how can we get to the nearest bank
C. where can we find a bank D. when we can go to the nearest bank
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——你问过警察这附近有没有银行吗？——是的。他叫我们右转进入大街。右边有一个。
考查宾语从句。if there is a bank near here是否附近有银行；how can we get to the nearest bank我们怎样才能到最近的银行；where can we find a bank我们在哪能找到银行；when we can go to the nearest bank我们什么时候可以去最近的银行；根据句意理解可知，这里是宾语从句，所以应该用陈述句语序，所以排除B/C选项，再由回答中的Yes及后句可知，这里表达的应该是“是否有银行”，故选A。
14. Do you know ________ yesterday? I want to know the reason.
A. why did he leave B. how he left C. why he left D. how did he leave
【答案】C
【解析】句意：你知道他昨天为什么离开吗？我想知道原因。本题考查宾语从句。why did he leave他为什么离开，how he left他如何离开，why he left他为什么离开，how did he leave他如何离开。作为动词know的宾语从句，用陈述语序：疑问词+主语+谓语+宾语，排除AD两项。根据I want to know the reason.可知，此处询问原因。故选C。
15. —Do you know ________a new song for the concert?
—Yes, she will. But I think it’s a surprise.
A. if Betty will write B. whether will Betty write
C. if will Betty write D. that Betty will write
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——你知道贝蒂是否会为音乐会写一首新歌吗？——是的，她会。但是我认为这是个惊喜。考查宾语从句。根据句子“Do you know…a new song for the concert?”可知是宾语从句句式，从句需用陈述句语序，所以排除选项B、C。因为that在从句中没有意义，只起连接作用，它引导的宾语从句陈述的是事实，根据答语“Yes, she will.”所以排除选项D。且根据答语可知询问者对贝蒂是否会为音乐会写一首新歌不清楚，应用if来引导。故选A。
一
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
When you're teenagers, it seems that every time you say, “I want to...”, your parents answer, “No, you can't.”
Young people further complain(抱怨) that their parents do not 1 them. When something goes 2 , most parents just don't believe in their children. 3 asking why, they think their kids are wrong. And not many parents allow their kids to choose for themselves.
Yes, 4 is true that your parents sometimes treat you as a little child. But remember that not long ago you were really a child. Your parents still remember the childish (幼稚的) 5 you used to make. They want to protect you 6 you don't want them to do so.
So, if you want to get 7 freedom (自由), please try to understand your parents and don't lie to them. Try a friendlier way. If you want them to 8 you to stay out late, don't just say, “All 9 kids can stay out late.” Tell them as much as you can about what you want to do and where you'll be and how important it is 10 you to stay out late. Then they just might say, “Yes.”
1. A. enjoy B. prefer C. understand D. decide
2. A. badly B. wrong C. nice D. clearly
3. A. Except B. Instead C. With D. Without
4. A. it B. this C. that D. one
5. A. uses B. differences C. minds D. mistakes
6. A. if B. though C. because D. since
7. A. most B. least C. more D. less
8. A. allow B. hope C. wish D. ask
9. A. another B. others C. the others D. the other
10. A. for B. of C. to D. with
1.【答案】C
【解析】:根据文意,年轻人更多地抱怨他们的父母不理解( understand)他们。enjoy意为“享受”, prefer意为“偏爱”, decide意为“决定”,均不符合题意。故正确答案为C
2. 【答案】B
【解析】:根据文意,出了问题的时候,大多数父母只是不相信他们的孩子。 go wrong出问题,故正确答案为B
3. 【答案】D
【解析】:根据文意,不问为什么,他们就认为他们的孩子是不对的, without介词后跟 asking,故正确答案为D
4. 【答案】A
【解析】:根据文意,对,这是事实,你的父母有时会把你当成一个小孩来对待。在“it is adj.+that+从句”结构中,it作形式主语,真正的主语是that后的从句。所以it符合题意。故正确答案为A。
5. 【答案】D
【解析】:根据文意,你的父母仍然记得你过去常常犯的那些幼稚的错误。 mistake意为“错误”,此处为先行词,之后引导定语从句,在从句中作make的宾语, make mistakes意为“犯错误”,故 mistakes符合题意。use意为“用处”, difference意为“不同”,mind意为“思想”,均不符合题意。故正确答案为D
6. 【答案】B
【解析】:A项,if“如果”,引导条件状语从句。B项, though“尽管”,引导让步状语从句。C项, because“因为”,引导原因状语从句。D项, since“自从”,引导时间状语从句。根据文意,尽管你并不想他们那么做(但是)他们想要保护你。所以 though符合题意。故正确答案为B
7. 【答案】C
【解析】:根据文意,所以如果你想得到更多(more)自由,请试着去理解你的父母,不要对他们撒谎。most意为“最多”, least意为“最少”,less意为“更少”,均不符合题意。故正确答案为C
8. 【答案】A
【解析】:根据文意,如果你想要他们允许(allow)你在外面呆到很晚。hope意为“希望”,wish意为“希望”,ask意为“询问”,均不符合题意。故正确答案为A
9. 【答案】D
【解析】:A项, another“另一,又一”,用于三个或更多的人或物。B项, others“其余的(人或物)”。C项, the others“其他的(人或物)”,特指某一范围内的“其他的(人或物)”。D项, the other“其他的”。根据文意,所有其他的孩子都可以在外面呆到很晚,所以 the other符合题意。故正确答案为D
10. 【答案】A
【解析】:根据文意,对你来说可以晚归有多重要。 It is important for sb. to do sth.意为“做某事对某人来说很重要”。所以,for符合题意。故正确答案为A

二
完形填空
Be pleased to do anything even thought it is very tiny． In fact， there's no single thing that is not worth doing or you are not able to do． So living a happy life with a light heart is the most important． A good mood （心情）decides your quality（质量）of life． Then 1 can you live a happy life？
Make each day meaningful by helping someone or just making someone smile． The feeling which makes you want to help others 2 at the bottom of your heat． Happiness depends on your feelings in your heart． Helping others is helping yourself． By helping others， you 3 more． Seeing their satisfied smile will make you feel 4 of what you have done．
Facing difficulties bravely in your life． 5 may meet with difficulties， No one can avoid them．The difficulties can teach you a lot． They are your treasure． They will help you to be closer to 6 ．
Focus（聚焦）on the good experiences you 7 in the past few years． Be grateful to life．Don't think too much about the negative（消极的）things．They 8 bad weather． Bad weather will pass sooner or later， so will the negative things． You may find many dead ends in your life， but you will 9 find your way out of them． Everything will get better at last．
Never worry about the things you can't change． Worrying is 10 ． Worrying can neither change the situation nor solve any problem． Perhaps， not every dream will be realized； not every effort will he completed． Never mind， and take it easy．
Come on， everyday! Let's live a happy life with a light heart and enjoy the beautiful sunshine every day．
1. A. what B. who C. how D. why
2. A. stay B. stayed C. staying D. stays
3. A. are giving B. are given C. will give D. will be given
4. A. proud B. afraid C. nervous D. tired
5. A. Anything B. Everybody C. Nobody D. Somebody
6. A. failure B. policy C. success D. trouble
7. A. will have B. have had C. have D. has
8. A. are afraid of B. are similar to
C. are angry with D. are different from
9. A. never B. seldom C. hardly D. always
10. A. useless B. useful C. necessary D. hopeful
1． 【答案】C
【解析】 考查疑问词．A． what什么；B． whose谁；C．how怎样；D． why为什么．根据后文都是在描述怎样才能使生活快乐的方法，可知Then（1）can you live a happy life？句意：那么怎样才能过愉快的生活呢？故选：B．
2．【答案】D
【解析】考查动词．A． 原型；B． 过去式；C． 现在分词；D．第三人称单数；根据 The feeling which makes you want to help others  （2）at the bottom of your heat那种使你想要帮助其他人的感觉就在你的心底．根据主语是动名词，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数，故选：D．
3．【答案】B
【解析】考查动词．A． 进行时；B． 被动语态，现在时；C． 将来时；D被动语态的将来时．根据上文帮助别人就是帮助自己，可知 By helping others， you（3）more． 句意：通过帮助别人你将获得更多．主语和谓语动词之间是动宾关系，所以用被动语态，故选：B．
4．【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词．A． proud 骄傲的；B． afraid害怕的；C． nervous紧张的；D． tired疲惫的．根据Seeing their satisfied smile will make you feel （4）of what you have done看着他们满足的微笑将使你为自己所做的事感到骄傲，故选：A．
5．【答案】B
【解析】考查代词．A． Anything任何事；Somebody有人；B． Everybody每一个人；C．Nobody没有人；D．Somebody某人．根据后文No one can avoid them没有人能避免他们，可知句意：每一个都可能遇到困难．结合句意，故选：B．
6．【答案】C
【解析】考查名词．A． failure 失败；B．policy政策；C． success成功；D． trouble麻烦．根据上文The difficulties can teach you a lot． They are your treasure困难可以教会你很多，它们是你的财富，可知困难将帮助你离成功越来越近．故选：C．
7．【答案】B
【解析】考查动词．A． 将来时；B现在完成时；C．动词原形；D．第三人称单数．in the past few years在最近几年里，现在完成时的标准词，故选：B．
8．【答案】B
【解析】考查短语．A． are afraid of害怕…； B． are similar to与……相似；
C． are angry with生…的气； D． are different from 与……不同．
根据后面 Bad weather will pass sooner or later， so will the negative things．糟糕的天气早晚都会过去，消极的事情也是一样．前面他们和坏天气相似．结合句意，故选B．
9．【答案】D
【解析】考查动词．A． never从不；B． seldom很少；C． hardly几乎不；Dalways 总是．根据you will（9）find your way out of them你总是能找到解决问题的方法，故选：D．
10．【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词．A．Useless无用； B．useful 有用的；C．necessary 必要的；D．hopeful 有希望的；根据后面Worrying can neither change the situation nor solve any problem忧虑既不能改变形势，也不能解决任何问题．可知前面忧虑没有用，故选择：A．

三
完形填空
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
According to Chinese ideas, it was Pan Gu 1 made the world. He 2 a few simple tools to create the world. It took him 18,000 years to 3 this great task. 4 this period, he 5 the sun, the moon, the stars, the heaven and the earth. And Pan Gu himself
6 larger day by day. Every day, he became six feet taller than the day 7 . 8 his task ended, Pan Gu 9 . His head became the mountains, his breath became the wind and clouds, his voice became the thunder (雷), his blood became the rivers, his flesh (肉) became the soil, his skin and hair became the grass and trees. His teeth and bones became the rocks, his sweat became the 10 . And the insects on his body became human beings (人).
1. A. what B. whose C. who D. which
2. A. made B. used C. took D. carried
3. A. begin B. finish C. get D. refuse
4. A. At B. For C. On D. During
5. A. found B. formed C. brought D. learned
6. A. changed B. became C. grew D. turned
7. A. after B. later C. before D. ago
8. A. If B. When C. Before D. Later
9. A. ran B. moved C. lost D. died
10. A. rain B. blood C. wind D. cloud
1.【答案】 C
【解析】考查定语从句。先行词是人，因此用关系代词who。故选C。
2． 【答案】B
【解析】他使用一些简单的工具创造了世界。故选B。
3． 【答案】B
【解析】他花费了18 000年的时间完成了这项伟大工程。故选B。
4． 【答案】D
【解析】 during 在……期间；at和on表示在某个时间；for表示持续一段时间。此处为“在一段时间内”。故选D。
5． 【答案】B
【解析】句意：在这个时期内，他创造了太阳、月亮、星星、天空和地球。故选B。
6． 【答案】 C
【解析】句意：盘古在一天天地长大。grow成长。故选C。
7． 【答案】C
【解析】每一天他都比前一天高6英尺。before指过去某个时间之前的一段时间；ago指距现在之前的一段时间；after不能用作副词；later意为“后来，以后”。故选C。
8． 【答案】B
【解析】 when当……的时候，符合题意。故选B。
9． 【答案】D
【解析】当盘古完成了他（创造世界）的工作时，他去世了。故选D。
10． 【答案】A sweat汗水，不能变成风和云，联系上文可知盘古的身体都变成了自然界的物质，所以这里应该是他的汗水变成了雨。故选A。