专题5. 动词时态和语态 -九年级英语寒假精讲精练（仁爱版）

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动词时态和语态 一般现在时的用法①表示经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。常与频度副词连用。I often take a walk in the park. 我经常在公园散步。These T-shirts are new. 这些T恤衫是新的。②表示客观事实、真理。The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳东升西落。③在时间、条件状语从句中表示将来的动作。If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I will go bike riding in the open air. 如果明天不下雨，我将在户外骑自行车。I’ll tell her the good news when she comes back. 当她回来的时候，我将把这个好消息告诉她。④表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作，可用一般现在时表将来。但只限于start，begin，leave，go，come，arrive，return，take place等。1）Shanghai Wild Animal Park _________ many visitors every year.A) attracted      B) attracts       C) has attracted        D) will attract 2）My next door neighbor _________ football with his friends every Saturday.        A) had played     B) playing   C) has played    D) plays3）Wayne’s sister _________ as a waitress in a big restaurant for the time being.        A) works           B) worked       C) has worked          D) will work一般过去时的定义①一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。如 yesterday，the day before yesterday，last week，in 2015，three days ago，the other day，just now，at the moment，this morning，once upon a time，long long ago。—What did you do yesterday? 昨天你做了什么？—I went swimming. 我去游泳了。②表示过去经常性或习惯性发生的动作。When I was at middle school, I often went to school by bike. 我读中学时经常骑自行车去学校。 1） You can’t find Alice in Shanghai now. She _________ to America last week.       A) has flown    B) had flown   C) flew    D) will fly2）Kitty’s family __________ into the new flat three years ago.A) moved          B) was moving     C) will move    D) moves3）Wang Meng _________ three gold medals at the Vancouver (温哥华)Winter Olympic Games.A) wins             B) won             C) will win   D) would win4）The teachers in our school _________ on a two-day trip to the mountains last weekend. A) go B) goes C) went D) will go5）Millions of visitors throughout the world _________ Shanghai during 2010 World Expo.      A) visit             B)will visit           C)would visit    D) visited一般将来时主要构成形式一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作，事情或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作或事情。1. will/shall+动词原形，shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。will在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称，will not=won’t，shall not=shan’t。Which paragraph shall I read first? 我先读哪一段呢？Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗？2. be going to +不定式，表示将来。a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢？b. 计划、安排要发生的事。The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。c. 有迹象要发生的事。Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云，暴风雨快来了。3. be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。We are to discuss the report next Saturday. 我们下星期六讨论这份报告。4. be about to +不定式，意为＂马上做某事＂。He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。注意：be about to do不能与tomorrow, next week等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。1）Simon is interested in American culture. He _________ English at Trojan University next year.  A) study B) studied C) will study D) would study2）Another bridge across the Yangtze River _________ built in one or two years.A)  was  B) has been  C) would be  D) will be3）They _________ their classroom to welcome me coming Christmas tomorrow afternoon.A) decorate         B) will decorate     C) are decorating   D) decorated4）Most of our classmates _________ to college in a couple of years.A) go           B)will go            C)have gone         D)went5）There _________ a Disneyland Park in Shanghai Pudong New Area in the near future.A) is                B) will be            C) was             D) would be 现在进行时的定义现在进行时主要用于表示目前正在进行的动作，有时也可表示现阶段在进行的动作。The teacher is giving us an English lesson. 老师正在给我们上英语课。The farmers are getting in their crops. 农民们正在收割庄稼。We are making preparations for the conference. 我们一直在为会议作准备。1. It’s ______________ (sun) today in Shanghai.2. —How is it ______________ (go), Tom?   —Not bad. Thank you.3. Look at the boy. He ______________ (study).4. Sounds like you ______________ (have) a good time now.过去进行时的用法详解(1) 表示在过去某一时间正在进行的动作，此时句中往往有表示过去的时间状语then, at that time, this time, yesterday等。I was doing my homework when my mother came to home.(2)叙述在过去的同一时间都在进行的几个动作，通常用While。I was studying at college while my brother was teaching at university.(3)表示在过去某一段时间内一直持续进行的动作。They were expecting you yesterday, but you didn’t turn up.1. When I saw her on the way here, he ________ a magazine.  A. reads       B. is reading       C. was reading       D. will read2. —Why weren’t you at the meeting this morning?  —I _______for a friend of mine. We haven’t seen each other for years!  A. waited       B. have waited       C. was waiting       D. am waiting3.—It was really kind of you to give me a lift home.  —Oh, don’t mention it. I _______past your house anyway.  A. had come      B. will come       C. have come       D. was coming4. —Remember the first time we met, Jim?  —Of course I do. You ________ in the library.  A. were reading      B. have read       C. will read       D. read5. —I called you but you didn’t reply to me.  —Oh, sorry, I ________ Dad, where are we going?(《爸爸去哪儿》)at the cinema.  A. watched       B. have watched      C. was watching     D. had watched现在完成时用法1. 现在完成时用来表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果。也就是说，动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在，强调的是现在。I have already posted the photo. 我已经把照片寄走了。强调post对现在的影响＂照片不在这里＂。2. 现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的、持续到现在的动作(用行为动词表示)或状态(be动词表示)，常与for(+时间段)，since(+时间点或过去时的句子)连用，谓语动词必须是延续性动词。如：He has lived here since 1978.自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。)注意：for和since的用法。①for + 时间段 译为：……时间②since + 过去一个时间点(译为：自从……以来)③since + 时间段 + ago④since + 从句(过去时)⑤It is + 时间段 + since + 从句(过去时)注意：瞬间动词(buy, die, join, lose...)与for 或since引导的时间段连用时，要改变成延续性动词。变化如下：　　come/arrive/reach/get to→be in 　　 go out→be out 　　  finish→be over 　　open→be open 　　    die→be dead 　　   buy→have 　　Fall ill→be ill 　　    Come back→be back 　 Put on→be on/wear 　　Worry→be worried 　　   Catch a cold→have a cold1. —Look! Someone __________ the classroom.  —Well, it wasn’t me, I didn’t do it.  A. is cleaning            B. was cleaning        C. has cleaned            D. will clean2. More than six million guests ________ Shanghai Disneyland Park since last June.  A. visit       B. visited       C. were visiting      D. have visited3. —Has your cousin arrived in Beijing yet?   —Yes. She ________ Beijing since yesterday morning.   A. arrived in            B. has arrived in         C. has been in            D. has been to4. Britain ________ to leave European Union last year. David Cameron, former Prime Minister ________ since then.A. decided; retired           B. decided; has been retiredC. has decided; retired          D. has decided; has retired5. —When did the Whites come to China?—They ________ China for seven years.A. have come to     B. have been in      C. have come in      D. have been to 被动语态的各种时态形式时态结构例句一般现在时主语 + am/is/are + 过去分词 + 其他History is made by the people. 历史是人们创造的。These books are designed for children. 这些书是为孩子们设计的。一般过去时主语 + was/were + 过去分词 + 其他The letter was written in English. 这封信是用英语写的。The cars were made in Shanghai. 这些车是上海生产的。一般将来时主语 + will be + 过去分词 + 其他Your job will be kept open for your return. 你的工作将保留到你回来。When will the work be finished? 这项工作什么时候完成？现在进行时主语+ am/is/am + being + 过去分词 +其他A new railway is being built. 一条新铁路正在修建。Because my car is being repaired, I have to go to work by taxi. 因为我的车正在修理，所以我不得不坐出租车去上班。过去进行时主语+ was/were + being + 过去分词+ 其他The hall was being built last year. I’ m not sure if it is completed. 这个个大厅去年正在修建，我不清楚建好了没有。The road was being widened when I passed by the village. 当我经过那个村庄时，道路正在加宽。现在完成时主语 +have/has been + 过去分词 + 其他He has been sent to work in Shanghai. 他已经被派往上海工作了。Has the sports meeting been put off until next Friday? 运动会已经推迟到下周五了吗？过去完成时主语 + had been + 过去分词 + 其他The room had been broken into before we came. 我们来之前已经有人强行进过这间屋子。A new hotel had been built when I got there. 我到那儿时，一座新旅馆已经建好了。情态动词主语 + 情态动词 + be + 过去分词 + 其他Her temperature should be taken twice a day. 她的体温应该一天量两次。If heated, water can be turned into vapour. 如果受热，水会变成蒸气。按要求改写下列句子，一空一词。 1. Is tea grown in South China?(改为主动语态) ______________ people ______________ tea in South China?2. I am given a birthday present by my parents every year. (同义句转换) A birthday present ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ by my parents every year.  3. The work is going to be finished in two days. (对划线提问)How ______________ ______________ the work going to be finished? 4. The children will sing an English song. (改为被动语态)  An English song ______________ ______________ ______________ by the children. 5. You needn’ t do it now. (改为被动语态)  It ______________ ______________ ______________ by you now. 6. People use metal for making machines. (改为被动语态)  Metal ______________ ______________ ______________making machines. 7. He made me do that for him. (改为被动语态)  I ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________that for him. 8. They are watching the football match.The football match ______________ ______________ ______________ by them.9. Did they build a bridge here a year ago? (改为被动语态)   ______________ a bridge ______________ here by them a year ago? 10. They have sold out the light green dresses. (改为被动语态)   The light green dresses ______________ ______________ ______________ out. 11. We call the game ＂Lianliankan＂. (改为被动语态)The game ______________ ______________ ＂Lianliankan＂ by us.随堂练习一1. I want a mobile phone which ________ good pictures.A. took B. is taking C. takes D. take2. We can't leave here until our teacher __________.A. will arrive B. arrives C. arrived3. I hear that it often ________ in Sichuan and there are usually floods, especially in summer.A．rains B．rained C．will rain二1. If you take this train, you _________ in Shanghai in five hours.A. arrive B. will arrive C. arrived D. have arrived2. —Let's go camping if it____________ next Saturday.—But nobody knows if it ___________.A. is fine; rains B. will be fine: rainsC. is fine: will rain D. will be fine: will rain3. —Have scientists found life on Mars?—Not yet, but I think they ________it some day.A. find B. found C. have found D. will find二1. — Peter, have you ever been to the English Corner?— Oh, yes. I ________ there to practice speaking once a week last term.A. went B. go C. have gone D. will go2. It has been two months since my father ________ for Italy.A. was left B. left C. leaves3. — Wow, you’ve made so much progress in drawing.— Thanks. I _________ two online courses this winter holiday.A. took B. will take C. take D. was taking三1.— I called you last night, but nobody answered. Where were you then?  — Oh, I ____________ my pet dog in my yard.  A. walked  B. was walking   C. am walking  D. will walk2.Peter with his classmates ____ for the bus when the earthquake happened.   A. is waiting  B. was waiting    C. are waiting  D. were waiting3.—I went to see you yesterday evening. But you weren’t in. Where were you then?   —I    a walk by the lake with my father.   A. was having B. am having C. have had     D. have4.Amon ____________ his ship in a big storm when a giant fish came out of the sea.   A. will sail  B. is sailing    C. was sailing  D. has sailed四1. —Recently, school violence _________ in some schools.  —Luckily, our government has carried out some policies to stop it.  A. has appeared    B. appeared    C. will appear          D. appears 2. Andy, with his parents, _________ Hong Kong, and some shopping _________ by   them.  A. have gone to; will do           B. has gone to; will be done  C. have been to; will do           D. has been to; do3. —It’s time to work now.   —OK. I’ll wake Carl up. He _________ for an hour.   A. has fallen asleep      B. has been asleep      C. fell asleep      D. falls asleep4. —When will you hand in your book report?—Sorry, I’m not sure. I _________ writing it yet.A. didn’t finish       B. don’t finish       C. hadn’t finished      D. haven’t finished5. My pen pal said he would write to me, but I _________ any letters from him so far.A. won’t receive          B. haven’t received     C. hadn’t received       D. didn’t receive五1. —It's reported that 31 of the brave young men ________ in a big forest fire in Sichuan.—I don't know who they are, but I know who they are for.A. had killed B. killed C. were killed2.The old lady __________ the hospital in time at last.A. is taken to B. took to C. was taken to3.— Krystal, do you know how tea is produced? — Yes. When tea leaves are ready, they are picked by hand and then ________ for processing.A. send B. are sent C. were sent4. — What language ________ in Canada?—Both English and French.A. is spoken B. speaks C. is speaking5.How delicious the cake is! It_____________ by my grandmother this morning.A. made B. is made C. was made6.As soon as books ________, the volunteers posted them to the students in Hope Primary School.A. are raised B. were raised C. raised D. have raised一Football is, I do think, the most favourite game in England: one has only to go to one of the important   1   to see this. Rich and poor, young and old, one can see them all there   2   for one side or the   3  .To a stranger（陌生人）,one of the most surprising things about football in   4   is the great knowledge of the game which   5   the smallest boy seems to have. He can tell you the names of the   6   in most of the important teams, he has   7   of them and knows the results of large numbers of matches. He will tell you who he   8   will win such a match, and his ideas about   9   are usually as good as those of men three or four times his   10  .1. A. cities   B. matches  C. teams   D. places2.A. waiting   B. looking  C. asking   D. shouting3.A. other   B. same   C. team   D. players4.A. China   B. the USA  C. England  D. Canada5.A. all    B. hardly   C. only   D. even6A. players   B. cities   C. countries  D. matches7.A. names   B. pictures  C. heard   D. thought8.A. says    B. asks   C. decides  D. hopes9.A. England   B. players  C. football  D. men10.A. ideas   B. age   C. stories   D. education 二 Do you know how to study better and make your study more effective(有效的) We all know that Chinese students usually study very hard for long   1  . This is very good, but it doesn’t   2   a lot, for an effective students must have enough sleep, enough food and enough rest and exercise. Every day you need to go out for a walk or visit some friends or some nice places. It’s good for your study.   When you return   3   your studies, your mind will be refreshed(清醒) and you’ll learn more   4   study better. Psychologists(心理学家)   5   that learning takes place in this way. Here take English learning   6   an example. First you make a lot of progress and you feel happy. Then your language study seems   7   the same. So you will think you’re learning   8   and you may give up. This can last for days or every weeks, yet you needn’t give up. At some point your language study will again take another big   9  . You’ll see that you really have been learning all along. If you get enough sleep, food, rest and exercise, studying English can be very effective and   10  . Don’t give up along the way. Learn slowly and you’re sure to get a good result.1. A. days   B. time   C. hours    D. weeks2. A. help    B. give   C .make    D. take3. A. after    B. for   C. at    D. to4. A. yet    B. and   C. or    D. but5. A. have found  B. have taught  C. told    D. said6. A. with    B. for   C. as    D. to7. A. to have   B. to make  C. to take    D. to stay8. A. something  B. anything  C. nothing   D. everything9. A. work   B. jump   C. walk    D. result10. A. hard   B. common  C. interesting   D. possible