专题6. 定语从句 -九年级英语寒假精讲精练（牛津译林版）

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定语从句一．知识解析　　在复合句中作定语,修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句,叫定语从句。定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词,通常位于定语从句之前。引导定语从句的是关系代词that,which,who,whom,whose等和关系副词when,where,why等。关系代词或关系副词位于先行词和定语从句之间,它既起连接作用,又充当从句中的一个成分。关系词作用先行词例句that,who,whom主语、宾语、表语人Do you know the girl who/that has got an “A” in the exam?你知道考试中得“A”的那个女孩吗?that,which主语、宾语、表语物She got a computer which/that her parents bought for her.她有一台电脑,这台电脑是她父母给她买的。whose定语人、物The boy whose father is a doctor studies very hard.这个男孩学习非常刻苦,他爸爸是位医生。The room whose window is open is mine.开着窗户的那个房间是我的。when状语时间I still remember the day when you left for Beijing.我仍然记得你动身去北京的那一天。where状语地点This is the school where my mother works.这就是我妈妈工作的那个学校。why状语原因Could you explain the reason why you were late?你能解释一下你迟到的原因吗? 1.关系代词的用法一般情况下,that既可指人又可指物,可以代替who,whom和which,在从句中作主语、表语或谓语动词的宾语;which指物,在从句中作主语、表语或谓语动词及介词的宾语;who在从句中作主语、表语或宾语;whom在从句中作宾语;whose在从句中作定语。如:A doctor is a person who looks after a patient.          先行词　主语　　谓语　　宾语 分析:who是关系代词,在定语从句中作主语。句意:医生就是照顾病人的人。(1)下列情况下,先行词指物时,定语从句只能用that引导,不能用which引导:①当先行词是all,little,much,none,everything,anything,nothing等不定代词时。如:Is there anything(that)you don’t understand?你有什么不懂的地方吗?Tom told his mother all that had happened.汤姆把发生的所有事情告诉了他的妈妈。②当先行词前面有the only,the very,the last等修饰时。如:This is the only book that I can find.这是我能找到的唯一一本书。③当序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时。如:This is the best book that I have ever read.这是我读过的最好的书。④当先行词前面有only,all,any,no等修饰时。如:I want to read all the books that were written by Lu Xun.我想把鲁迅的著作全读完。⑤当主句是以疑问词which开头的特殊疑问结构时。如:Which is the hotel that you like best?哪个是你最喜欢的旅店?(2)关系代词的省略一般情况下,关系代词作宾语时可以省略,但关系代词which,whom在从句中作介词的宾语并且介词位于关系代词前时,不能省略。如:I’ll never forget the day on which I joined the club.我永远不会忘记我加入俱乐部的那一天。注意:that,which,who在从句中作主语时,不能省略。如:Who is the boy that is talking with our teacher?正在和我们老师谈话的那个男孩是谁?二．知识拓展关系副词的用法(1)when表示时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。如:I still remember the year when you graduated from No. 8 Middle School.我依然记得你从八中毕业的那一年。(2)why表示原因,在定语从句中作原因状语,其先行词只有表示原因的reason一词。如:We don’t know the reason why he was late for school.我们不知道他为什么上学迟到了。(3)where表示地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。如:That is the school where I studied three years ago.那是我三年前就读的学校。题组训练一、选择适当的词填空1.The boy 　who　(who;whom;which)is playing ping-pong is my classmate. 2.The only e-mail 　that　(who;that;which)I received yesterday was from my sister. 3.I hate people 　that　(that;which;whom)talk much but do little. 4.The hotel 　where　(which;that;where)we stayed last summer is a good one. 5.Can you help me find some information about Einstein 　which　(which;who;whom)I can use for my report? 6.This is the most amazing photo 　that　(which;that;who)I have ever seen.  三．随堂练习全国题组一、填空题1.It is the same with our lives. Those　　　choose to live in peace must help their neighbors to live in peace. 【答案】who　设空处所在句含有定语从句,先行词为“Those”,指代人,故关系代词用“who”。从后一句“Those who choose”也可知答案。2.“Anyone　　　has heard about Seattle?s train may think this is kind of fun,”McKaulay said. 【答案】　who　句意:“任何听说过西雅图火车的人可能认为这有点好玩。”McKaulay说道。由句子结构可判断出此处引导定语从句,先行词为anyone,故填关系代词who。3.Theaters may have a brighter future if they can provide a movie experience 　　　people cannot get at home. 【答案】　that/which　句意:电影院可能会有一个更光明的未来,如果它们能提供给人们一种在家里无法获得的电影经历。本题考查定语从句。当先行词是表示事物的名词时,关系代词用that 或 which。4.Great changes have taken place in our city in the past ten years. Everything　　　comes into sight is so new to me. 【答案】that　句意:在过去的10年里我们的城市发生了巨大的变化。对我来说,出现在我眼前的一切都是那么新。本题考查定语从句。由先行词Everything可知关系代词只能使用that。5.—Why don’t you like fishing?—Fishing is a hobby　　　 needs much patience,but I’m not patient at all. 【答案】that/which　句意:——你为什么不喜欢钓鱼?——钓鱼是一项需要许多耐心的爱好,但是我一点耐心都没有。本题考查定语从句。先行词hobby(爱好)指事物,关系代词应用that或which。6.Running Man is a very relaxing TV program　　　 is hot among the young people. 【答案】　that/which　句意:《奔跑吧兄弟》是一个十分令人放松而且在年轻人中很受欢迎的电视节目。本题考查定语从句。由先行词program可知关系代词应用that/which。二、单项选择1.Not all children　　　watch this video will become a scientist, but some may become interested in science. A.whom   B.which   C.who   D.whose【答案】C　【解析】句意:并不是所有看过这段视频的孩子都会成为科学家,但有些人可能会对科学产生兴趣。本题考查定语从句。设空处引导定语从句,先行词为children, 指人,且关系词在从句中充当主语,故选C。2.Anyone who is a server or　　　has been one knows that customers always come first. A.whom   B.what   C.who   D.which【答案】C　【解析】句意:任何一名服务员或做过服务员的都知道顾客总是第一位的。本题考查定语从句。or是并列连词,连接两个定语从句, who is a server是定语从句,先行词是 Anyone,所以or后面的定语从句的先行词也是 Anyone,在从句中作主语,所以答案选C。3.—Class, you should be thankful to those people 　　　 helped and supported you. —We will, Miss Chen.A.which   B.whom   C.who   D.whose【答案】C　 【解析】句意:——同学们,你们应该感谢那些帮助过和支持过你们的人。——我们会的,陈老师。本题考查定语从句。本题定语从句的先行词为people,指人,关系词在定语从句中作主语,故选择C。4.I hate the dogs　　　live in the next house. They make loud noises all night. A.who  B.that  C.what  D.whom【答案】B　【解析】句意:我讨厌生活在隔壁的狗。它们整夜都在制造很大的噪音。本题考查定语从句。设空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词dogs,关系代词用that或which,故选B项。5.—Do you like the weekly talk show, The Reader, on CCTV?—Sure. It’s a great TV programme 　　　 brings the habit of reading back into the public. A.who  B.that  C.what【答案】B　【解析】句意:——你喜欢中央电视台每周的脱口秀《朗读者》吗?——当然,它是一个很好的电视节目,它把朗读的习惯带回给大众。本题考查定语从句。先行词为TV programme,关系词在从句中作主语,故选择B。6.She often parks her car near the house　　　she can easily get to. A.where  B.who  C.which  D.what【答案】C　【解析】句意:她经常把车停到她能容易到达的房子附近。本题考查定语从句,which指代物,在从句中作宾语。故选C项。7.Everyone　　　 has been to Shanghai says it is a modern city. A.why  B.whose  C.who   D.which【答案】C　【解析】句意:每个去过上海的人都说它是一个现代化的城市。考查定语从句。先行词everyone表示人,从句中缺少主语,应用who引导定语从句,故选C。8.The photo　　　 taken by my brother last week is very nice. A.which were 　 B.that is  C.that were  D.which was【答案】D　【解析】句意:上周由我弟弟照的照片很漂亮。先行词为photo,指物,而且是单数;时间状语为last week,故此处用一般过去时,综上所述可知选D项。 二1.—Do you know the man　　　spoke at the meeting just now? —No,I don’t know.A.what   B.who   C.which   D.whose【答案】　B　【解析】句意:——你认识刚才在会上讲话的那个人吗?——不,我不认识。本题考查定语从句。what不是关系词,不能引导定语从句,可排除;who用于先行词是人时;which用于先行词是物时;whose为物主代词,后面需要接名词。本句先行词指人,故选B。2.Peppa Pig(《小猪佩奇》)is a British cartoon　　　has been popular in China and is much loved by little children and their parents. A.who   B.which   C./【答案】　B　【解析】句意:《小猪佩奇》是一部在中国很受欢迎的英国动画片,深受儿童和他们父母的喜爱。本题考查定语从句。先行词British cartoon指物, 关系代词用which,故选B。3.You are talented young adults　　　are full of hope for the future. A.which   B.when   C.who   D.where【答案】　C　【解析】句意:你们是对未来充满希望的有才能的年轻人。本题考查定语从句。先行词adults指人,关系代词在从句中作主语,用who。故选C。4.My grandparents like stories 　　　have happy endings. A.they   B.who   C.which   D./【答案】　C　【解析】句意:我的祖父母喜欢有圆满结局的故事。本题考查定语从句。先行词stories是物,关系代词用which或that,关系代词在定语从句中作主语,因此不可以省略,故选C。5.Roald Dahl was a great children’s writer. His dark past helped him paint a picture 　　　 was different to most other writers. A.that   B.who   C./   D.whom【答案】　A　【解析】句意:Roald Dahl是一个伟大的儿童作家。他的黑暗过去帮助他画出了与其他大多数作家不同的画。本题考查定语从句。先行词是picture,关系代词应用修饰物的which或that,排除B和D。关系代词在定语从句中作主语,因此不可省略,故选A。6.Sweet wormwood(青蒿) is a common plant in China. Tu Youyou is the woman 　　　 used the plant’s special power to save millions of lives. A.which   B.who   C.whose   D./【答案】　B　【解析】句意:在中国,甜青蒿是一种常见的植物。屠呦呦就是用这种植物的特殊力量挽救了数百万条生命的那个女人。本题考查定语从句的关系代词。关系代词who指人,在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。根据先行词the woman和关系代词在定语从句中作主语,可知应选B。7.Everyone　　　 has been to Shanghai says it is a modern city. A.why   B.whose   C.who    D.which【答案】　C　【解析】句意:每个去过上海的人都说它是一个现代化的城市。考查定语从句。先行词Everyone表示人,从句中缺少主语,应用who引导定语从句,故选C。三1.—Do you know the boy over there?—The one 　　　 is holding a ball?Oh, that’s my neighbor Phil. A.what   B.which   C.who   D.不填【答案】　C　【解析】句意:——你认识那边那个男生吗?——是拿着球的那位吗?哦,那是我的邻居菲尔。本题考查定语从句的关系词。先行词为the one,将先行词代入定语从句后为:The one is holding a ball.由此可知,先行词在定语从句中作主语,且先行词指“人”,故答案为C项。2.China is getting better at making hi-tech products 　　　 can be bought in all parts of the world. A.who   B.which   C.what【答案】　B　【解析】句意:中国正越来越擅长制造能在世界各地被买到的高科技产品。本题考查定语从句。先行词为products,且关系词在从句中作主语,故关系词应用which, 所以答案为B。3.—Is this the new dictionary 　　　 you got yesterday? —Yes. Now it’s very convenient for me to look up words.A.that   B.why   C.what【答案】　A　【解析】句意:——这是你昨天买的那本新词典吗?——是的。现在查词对于我来说很方便了。本题考查定语从句。定语从句的先行词dictionary为物,设空处在从句中作宾语,故用that或which来引导定语从句,故本题选A。4.Anyone who is a server or　　　has been one knows that customers always come first. A.whom   B.whatC.who   D.which【答案】　C　【解析】句意:任何一名服务员或做过服务员的都知道顾客总是第一位的。本题考查定语从句。or是并列连词,连接两个定语从句, who is a server是定语从句,先行词是 Anyone,所以or后面的定语从句的先行词也是 Anyone,在从句中作主语,所以答案选C。5.—Do you like the weekly talk show, The Reader, on CCTV?—Sure. It’s a great TV programme 　　　 brings the habit of reading back into the public. A.who   B.that   C.what【答案】　B　【解析】句意:——你喜欢中央电视台每周的脱口秀《朗读者》吗?——当然,它是一个很好的电视节目,它把朗读的习惯带回给大众。本题考查定语从句。先行词为TV programme,关系词在从句中作主语,故选择B。6.Theaters may have a brighter future if they can provide a movie experience 　　　people cannot get at home. A.that  B.whoC.whom  D.what【答案】　A　【解析】句意:如果电影院能提供给人们一种在家里无法获得的电影体验,它们可能会有一个更光明的未来。本题考查定语从句。当先行词是表示事物的名词时,关系代词用that 或 which。7.Running Man is a very relaxing TV program　　　is hot among the young people.  A.what   B.which C.who   D.whom 【答案】　B　【解析】句意:《奔跑吧兄弟》是一个十分令人放松而且在年轻人中很受欢迎的电视节目。本题考查定语从句。由先行词program可知关系代词应用that/which,故答案为B项。