专题6. 定语从句 -九年级英语寒假精讲精练（外研版）

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定语从句 一．知识解析　　在复合句中作定语,修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句,叫定语从句。定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词,通常位于定语从句之前。引导定语从句的是关系代词that,which,who,whom,whose等和关系副词when,where,why等。关系代词或关系副词位于先行词和定语从句之间,它既起连接作用,又充当从句中的一个成分。关系词作用先行词例句that,who,whom主语、宾语、表语人Do you know the girl who/that has got an “A” in the exam?你知道考试中得“A”的那个女孩吗?that,which主语、宾语、表语物She got a computer which/that her parents bought for her.她有一台电脑,这台电脑是她父母给她买的。whose定语人、物The boy whose father is a doctor studies very hard.这个男孩学习非常刻苦,他爸爸是位医生。The room whose window is open is mine.开着窗户的那个房间是我的。when状语时间I still remember the day when you left for Beijing.我仍然记得你动身去北京的那一天。where状语地点This is the school where my mother works.这就是我妈妈工作的那个学校。why状语原因Could you explain the reason why you were late?你能解释一下你迟到的原因吗? 1.关系代词的用法一般情况下,that既可指人又可指物,可以代替who,whom和which,在从句中作主语、表语或谓语动词的宾语;which指物,在从句中作主语、表语或谓语动词及介词的宾语;who在从句中作主语、表语或宾语;whom在从句中作宾语;whose在从句中作定语。如:A doctor is a person who looks after a patient.          先行词　主语　　谓语　　宾语 分析:who是关系代词,在定语从句中作主语。句意:医生就是照顾病人的人。(1)下列情况下,先行词指物时,定语从句只能用that引导,不能用which引导:①当先行词是all,little,much,none,everything,anything,nothing等不定代词时。如:Is there anything(that)you don’t understand?你有什么不懂的地方吗?Tom told his mother all that had happened.汤姆把发生的所有事情告诉了他的妈妈。②当先行词前面有the only,the very,the last等修饰时。如:This is the only book that I can find.这是我能找到的唯一一本书。③当序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时。如:This is the best book that I have ever read.这是我读过的最好的书。④当先行词前面有only,all,any,no等修饰时。如:I want to read all the books that were written by Lu Xun.我想把鲁迅的著作全读完。⑤当主句是以疑问词which开头的特殊疑问结构时。如:Which is the hotel that you like best?哪个是你最喜欢的旅店?(2)关系代词的省略一般情况下,关系代词作宾语时可以省略,但关系代词which,whom在从句中作介词的宾语并且介词位于关系代词前时,不能省略。如:I’ll never forget the day on which I joined the club.我永远不会忘记我加入俱乐部的那一天。注意:that,which,who在从句中作主语时,不能省略。如:Who is the boy that is talking with our teacher?正在和我们老师谈话的那个男孩是谁?二．知识拓展关系副词的用法(1)when表示时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。如:I still remember the year when you graduated from No. 8 Middle School.我依然记得你从八中毕业的那一年。(2)why表示原因,在定语从句中作原因状语,其先行词只有表示原因的reason一词。如:We don’t know the reason why he was late for school.我们不知道他为什么上学迟到了。(3)where表示地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。如:That is the school where I studied three years ago.那是我三年前就读的学校。题组训练一、选择适当的词填空1.The boy 　who　(who;whom;which)is playing ping-pong is my classmate. 2.The only e-mail 　that　(who;that;which)I received yesterday was from my sister. 3.I hate people 　that　(that;which;whom)talk much but do little. 4.The hotel 　where　(which;that;where)we stayed last summer is a good one. 5.Can you help me find some information about Einstein 　which　(which;who;whom)I can use for my report? 6.This is the most amazing photo 　that　(which;that;who)I have ever seen.  三．随堂练习全国题组一1. You Raise Me Up is a song ________ brings me much courage in the face of challenges.A. who B. when C. which D. where【答案】C【解析】句意：《你鼓舞了我》是一首歌，它带给我面对挑战的勇气。A. who定语从句关系词，先行词是人； B. when定语从句关系词；做时间状语；C. which定语从句关系词，先行词是物；D. where定语从句关系词，做地点状语。a song 是物，关系词用which。根据题意，故选C。2. —Do you know the boy over there?—The one           is holding a ball? Oh, that’s my neighbor Phil.A. what B. which C. who D. 不填【答案】C【解析】句意：— —你认识那边那个男孩吗？ — —那个拿着球的人？哦，他是我的邻居菲尔。本题考查定语从句。A. what什么；B. which哪一个；C. who谁。what引导的是主语，表语和宾语从句。what不能引导定语从句。因为定语从句是形容词性质的。而what所引导的是名词性从句。两者结构不同。所以排除A；分析句子The one           is holding a ball? 的结构可知，本题缺少的是主语，且关系词在定语从句中做主语，不能省略。故选项D不对；我们知道：who 的先行词是人，which的先行词是物。本题的The one是指上文的the boy over there，指人的先行词，因此应该用who来引导。故选C。3. Mr. Brown is a teacher __________ is strict with all is students.A. which B. who C. where【答案】B【解析】句意＂布朗是一个对所有的学生都严格的老师＂。本题考查定语从句。A.指物，在从句中作主语或宾语；B.指人，在从句中作主语或宾语；C.表示地方，在从句中作地点状语。本句话中先行词为a teacher，指人，在从句中作主语，故选B。4. Du Fuguo is a hero       is known to millions of Chinese people.A. who B. which C. what【答案】A【解析】句意“杜富国是一个许多中国人都知道的英雄”。本题考查定语从句。A.指人，在从句中作主语或宾语；B.指物，在从句中作主语或宾语；C.定语从句中关系词没有what。先行词为a hero，指人，在从句中作主语，故选A。5. The book __________ I read last night was fantastic.A. that B. what C. whose D. who【答案】A【解析】句意：我昨晚读的那本书真是太棒了。此句考查定语从句的关系词。A. that先行词是人或物，在从句中作主语或宾语；B. what不能引导定语从句；C. whose先行词是人或物，在从句中作定语；D. who先行词是人，在从句中作主语或宾语。本句的先行词book指物，用that来引导，故答案为A。6. She was so angry at __________ he was doing __________ she walked out without a word.      A. what; that           B. that; what            C. what; what                 D. that; that 【答案】A 【解析】句意：她对他所做的事很生气，以至于她一言不发地走了出去。第一空考查what引导的宾语从句；第二空考查so…that…如此……以至于……。故选A。二1.—What are they talking about?—They are talking about the greatest inventions ________ have made a big difference to our daily life.A. which B. who C. that【答案】C【解析】句意：——他们在谈论什么？——他们正在谈论对我们日常生活产生重大影响的最伟大的发明。
考查定语从句关系词。which先行词指物，在从句中作主语、宾语或定语；who先行词指人，在从句中作主语；that先行词指人或物，在从句中做主语、宾语或表语。结合题干可知先行词“inventions”指物，且在从句中作主语，排除B；先行词前有形容词最高级“the greatest”修饰，关系词不能用which只能用that，排除A。故选C。2. —Do you know Li Ziqi?—Of course. She is a beautiful girl________has made many videos to show a traditional Chinese way of life.A. whose B. where C. which D. who【答案】D【解析】句意：——你知道李子柒吗？——当然知道，她是一个美丽的女孩，她制作了许多视频来展示中国传统的生活方式。考查定语从句。whose谁的；where哪里；which哪一个；who谁。句中girl是先行词，表示“人”，所以使用关系代词who引导定语从句，who has made many videos to show a traditional Chinese way of life作girl的定语。故选D。3. The book ________cover has a beautiful picture is Lily's.A. which B. whose C. that【答案】B【解析】句意：封面上有漂亮图画的那本书是莉莉的。本题考查定语从句。which引导定语从句，作主语，宾语或表语；whose引导定语从句，作定语；that引导定语从句，作主语，宾语或表语。此处修饰名词cover用whose。故选B。4. The nurse _____________ is looking after the old man is Tom’s sister.A. which B. who C. what【答案】B【解析】句意：正在照顾那位老人的护士是汤姆的妹妹。考查定语从句关系词。which关系代词，先行词是物，且在从句中作主语、宾语；who关系代词，先行词是人，且在从句中作主语；what什么，不能引导定语从句。根据题干可知从句的先行词“The nurse”，指人，且在从句中作主语，用关系代词who引导定语从句。故选B。5. In difficult times, there are always national heroes ________ step up and bring people hope.A. whom B. which C. who【答案】C【解析】句意：在困难时期，总是会有挺身而出、给人们带来希望的国家英雄。考查定语从句的关系词。whom先行词为人，在从句中充当宾语；which先行词为物；who先行词为人，在从句中充当主语或宾语。此处引导定语从句，修饰先行词heroes，是人，所以排除B；根据先行词在从句中充当主语，所以用who引导，故选C。6. Li Wenliang is a brave doctor ________ is known to millions of Chinese people.A. who B. which C. what D. when【答案】A【解析】句意：李文亮是一位勇敢的医生，被许多中国人所熟知。考查定语从句。A. who谁；B. which哪一个；C. what什么；D. when什么时候。根据句子结构，这是一个定语从句，先行词为doctor，指人，且关系词在从句中作主语，故应用关系代词who引导定语从句。故选A。7.We’ ll never forget those ________ lost their lives for our country.A. who B. which C. whom【答案】A【解析】句意：我们将永不忘记那些为我们的国家牺牲生命的人。考查定语从句。who指代人，在定语从句做主语或宾语；which指代物，在定语从句做主语或宾语；whom指代人，在定语从句做宾语。此处先行词是those指的是“那些人”，定语从句用关系代词who做主语。故选A。8.Du Fu is a great Chinese poet ________ has become popular with many people around the world.A．which B．whom C．who【答案】C【解析】句意：杜甫是一位伟大的中国诗人，他受到世界各地许多人的欢迎。考查定语从句。which哪一个；whom宾格，谁；who主格，谁。句中poet是先行词，表示“人”，所以此处使用who或whom引导定语从句，由于引导词在从句中作主语，所以此处使用who引导定语从句。故选C。9.We all like comedies __________ make us relaxed.A. who B. that C. whom【答案】B【解析】句意：我们都喜欢喜剧，喜剧让我们放松。考查定语从句。who指代人，在定语从句中做主语或宾语；that指代人或物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语；whom指代人，在定语从句中作宾语。先行词是comedies，是物，用关系代词that，that在定语从句做主语。故选B。10.This is the CD_____________ I bought last year.A. who B. that C. whom【答案】B【解析】句意：这是我去年买的CD。考查定语从句。who关系代词，指人；that关系代词，指人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；whom关系代词，指人，在定语从句中作宾语。根据句意和语境可知，本句的先行词the CD属于物，而且在定语从句中作宾语，所以用关系代词that引导，故选B。一完形填空     This is a true story. There was a player  1   Jerry in the football team. He liked playing football, but he wasn't good at it. So he has few chances to play    2    his team. He felt very sorry for it.    One day, his father died from a terrible illness, he had to return home to deal with something. After that, an important  3  was going to begin. He found the coach at once,  4  to attend the match. He was not good at skills, so the coach would not  5   him to take part in the match. But now, as he relented(心软) ,he agreed to let Jerry play for only three minutes. When the time was up, he would be changed by   6  .     On the court, Jerry turned very agilely(敏捷地)   7   his practiced skills. He broke through the opposition line bravely. The coach was very satisfied with him. Three minutes   8  , the coach made Jerry keep   9   on the court, Jerry continued his excellent   10  , leading the team   11   the match.     The coach hugged him  12   and said, :'Kid, you have never been so fast, so strong and so skilled. What happened on earth(究竟) ?"     Jerry said, "My father is blind,    13   he has never watched my match. Now, he's   14   to the heaven and finally can watch my match. As soon as I think of my father  watching me, I am full of energy, and I feel confident ,  too. "      The coach understood:   15   can drive everything. Do you agree with him?1.A.name          B.names         C.named           D.naming2.A.for           B.with          C.after           D.against 3.A.meeting       B.activity      C.ceremony        D.match4.A.asked         B.asking        C.ask             D.asks5.A.order         B.tell          C.teach           D.allow6.A.the other     B.the others    C.others          D.other7.A.across        B.for           C.under           D.with8.A.past          B.later         C.before          D.after9.A.stay          B.to stay       C.staying         D.stayed10.A.mind          B.performance   C.body            D.brain11.A.beat          B.to beat       C.win             D.to win12.A.excitedly     B.directly      C.sadly           D.gently13.A.but           B.so            C.and             D.or1415.A.Teamwork      B.Love          C.Friendship      D.Business1．【答案】C【解析】文中boy与name之间为被动关系，所以此空属于过去分词作后置定语修饰前面的名词boy。故选C。2．【答案】A【解析】根据前一句“他喜欢踢足球，但是他不擅长”，可知“他很少有机会为自己的球队踢球”，故选A。3．【答案】D【解析】根据下一句中的attend the match“参加比赛”，可知一场重要的比赛要开始了，故选D。4．【答案】B【解析】分析句子结构可知，设空处应用非谓语动词．ask与主语He之间是主动关系，故选B。5．【答案】D【解析】根据前半句“他不擅长技能”，所以“教练不允许他参加比赛”，由句意可知答案为D。6．【答案】C【解析】根据上句“他只同意Jerry打三分钟”，所以“当时间到了，他会被别人替换。”others泛指“其他的（人或物）”，故选C。7．【答案】D 【解析】 with his practiced skills“用他熟练的技巧”，with表示伴随。故选D。8．【答案】B【解析】表示“三分钟之后”应用three minutes later，故选B。9．【答案】C【解析】考查动词keep的用法。keep doing sth．意为“一直做某事”，故选C。10.【答案】B 【解析】mind主意；performance表现；body身体；brain大脑。故选B。11．【答案】D【解析】考查动词lead的用法．lead sb．to do sth．带领某人做某事。另外当“赢，战胜”讲时，win的宾语是比赛、奖品等名词；而beat的宾语是人或组织。故选D。12．【答案】A【解析】根据上文可知Jerry赢得了比赛，所以教练应该是激动地抱着他说话，故选A．13．【答案】B【解析】“我的父亲是盲人”与“他从没看到过我的比赛”之间存在因果关系，故选B。14．【答案】A【解析】句意：现在他去了天堂，终于能看到我的比赛了。由句意可知该题考查的是have/has gone to...，故选A。15．【答案】B【解析】由整篇短文可知是父亲的爱使“我”战胜了自我．由此可知“爱可以驾驭一切”。故选B。二完形填空The Adventures of Tom Sawyer     My favourite great book is The Adventures of Tom Sawyer   1   Mark Twain.Tom lives with his aunt Polly in a quiet street of St. Petersburg,Missouri.He is a    2     and clever young boy,and he finds himself in many exciting adventures.He runs away with his two friends,Huck Finn and Joe,to an island in the middle of the Mississipi River for several days.With Huck he goes out looking    3     treasure, with Becky he gets lost in a cave,and finally,they find a box of gold.     My favourite scene in the book is when everyone    4   Tom is dead,he decides to go to his own funeral.He hides and watches for a time,and then suddenly he appears. Everyone is surprised to see him but they are also   5  to see him alive.     The theme of the story is to do with children growing up and becoming more serious.It describes how strangers are seen in small towns of America.  6   ,it talks about freedom,social rules and how people are punished   7  bad behaviour.      Why do I think The Adventures of Tom Sawyer is a great book? Mark Twain wrote the story in 1876,but it is still read and    8   by people all over the world today.Although it is only a story,Mark Twain wrote it in the     9    English of the southern states of America in the 19th century,so it sounds very real.Today it is   10   to be one of the greatest books in American literature.Go on-read it! I know you will enjoy it , too.1.A.by        B.of         C.with       D.in2.A.living    B.lively     C.alive      D.live3.A.for       B.after      C.of         D.out4.A.think     B.thinks     C.thought    D.thinking5.A.please    B.pleasure   C.pleased    D.pleasing6.A.Firstly   B.Finally    C.However    D.Thirdly7.A.for       B.of         C.in         D.at8.A.love      B.like       C.loved      D.loving9.A.everyday  B.every day   C.someday    D.one day10.A.thought   B.think      C.thinking   D.thinks1．【答案】A【解析】《汤姆·索亚历险记》这本书是马克·吐温写的，用by表示动作的执行者，故选A。2．【答案】B【解析】此处意为“他是个活泼聪明的小男孩”，四个选项中只有lively具有此意，故选B。3．【答案】A【解析】此处考查短语look for“寻找”，故选A。4．【答案】B 【解析】everyone是第三人称单数，根据后面的is dead可以确定用thinks。5．【答案】C【解析】句意：每个人看到他都很吃惊，但是看到他还活着都很高兴。表示“感到高兴”用pleased。6．【答案】B【解析】故事的主题是关于不断成长，变得越来越稳重的孩子们的。它描述了陌生人在美国的小城镇是如何被看待的。最后，谈论了自由和社会规则……，所以此空选B。7．【答案】A【解析】句意：最后，它谈论了自由和社会规则以及人们如何因为坏的行为被惩罚。表示原因用for。8．【答案】C【解析】这个句子用的是被动语态，空格处的内容和and前的内容是并列关系，而read在这里是过去分词，和前面的it is构成被动语态，所以空格处也要用过去分词。故选C。9．【答案】A  【解析】everyday English“日常英语”为固定短语。故选A。10．【答案】A 【解析】is前面的it指代《汤姆·索亚历险记》这本书，与设空处构成被动关系，已知空格前有is，所以空格处要用过去分词构成被动语态，故选A。